CN1534810A - 方形电池 - Google Patents

方形电池 Download PDF

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CN1534810A
CN1534810A CNA2004100302296A CN200410030229A CN1534810A CN 1534810 A CN1534810 A CN 1534810A CN A2004100302296 A CNA2004100302296 A CN A2004100302296A CN 200410030229 A CN200410030229 A CN 200410030229A CN 1534810 A CN1534810 A CN 1534810A
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collector plate
lead member
electrode body
rectangular cell
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֮
秋田宏之
北尾英树
����һ
佐藤广一
船桥淳浩
能间俊之
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种方形电池，在电池罐(1)的内部，以使其外周面沿着方形容器(11)的底面的姿势收装有卷绕电极体(2)，在卷绕电极体(2)的两个端部上突出的正负一对电极端缘(21)(22)上，分别设置有集电板(3)(30)，两个集电板(3)(30)与设于封口板(12)上的正负一对电极端子机构(4)(40)连接在一起。这里，集电板(3)和电极端子机构(4)由可以弯曲变形的引线构件(5)相互连接，该引线构件(5)的一侧的端部被焊接在集电板(3)上，同时，该引线构件(5)的另一侧的端部被焊接在电极端子机构(4)上。利用此构成可以使组装更容易，并且在组装状态下不会在电池内部产生无用的力的作用。

Description

方形电池
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过将卷绕电极体收装于方形的电池罐内部而构成的方形电池。
背景技术
近年来，作为携带型电子机器、电动汽车等的电源，已经开发出能量密度(Wh/Kg)高的锂二次电池，其中体积能量密度(Wh/l)高的方形电池更受到关注。
图6所示的方形电池是将作为发电元件的卷绕电极体(8)以横向的姿势收装于长方体的盒子(80)中的电池(参照专利文献1)。在卷绕电极体(8)的两个端部分别接合有L字形的集电构件(9)(90)，可以从突出设置于该集电构件(9)(90)上的正负一对端子(91)(92)导出卷绕电极体(8)所产生的电能。
而且，在盒子(80)的开口部上固定有封口板(图示省略)，所述端子(91)(92)分别以保持电绝缘性和气密性的状态贯穿开设于封口板上的2个贯通孔，从而可以从其前端部分导出电能。
[专利文献1]
特开2002-93402号公报
但是，在图6所示的方形电池中，由收装于盒子(80)内的卷绕电极体(8)的位置来确定两个集电构件(9)(90)的位置，其结果是，对于盒子(80)的正负一对端子(91)(92)的位置也被确定，但是由于如所述那样将封口板固定在盒子(80)的开口部上，开设于该封口板上的2个贯通孔的位置也由盒子(80)确定，因此，为了在组装工序中使正负一对端子(91)(92)不费力地嵌入封口板的2个贯通孔中，有必要以较高精度来规定两个集电构件(9)(90)在卷绕电极体(8)上的组装位置和集电构件(9)(90)上的端子(91)(92)的突出位置。
但是，由于在卷绕电极体(8)的两个端部突出的正负一对电极端缘是由极薄的电极芯体以一定的间隔并列构成，因此，会因推压集电构件(9)(90)而使电极芯体的前端弯曲，其结果是，两个集电构件(9)(90)的间隔发生变化。
另外，虽然已知如下的集电构造，即，在集电构件(9)(90)与电极端缘的接合面上形成多个凸部，通过使这些凸部咬入电极端缘，使得集电构件(9)(90)和卷绕电极体(8)的接触面积增大，从而使集电效率提高，但是，在图6的方形电池中采用了如所述的集电构造的情况下，由于对应于集电构件(9)(90)的推压力，在电极端缘上的咬入量会发生变化，因此会在两个集电构件(9)(90)的间隔上产生很大的偏差。
这样，由于在以往的方形电池中，不能避免在两个电极构件(9)(90)的间隔上产生偏差，因此，在设置于两个集电构件(9)(90)上的突出的正负一对端子(91)(92)和开设于封口板上的2个贯通孔之间就会产生错位，使得电池的组装变得困难。另外，通过使正负一对端子(91)(92)不费力地嵌入封口板的2个贯通孔来进行组装的情况下，在集电构件(9)(90)和卷绕电极体(8)的电极端缘之间的焊接部会产生力的作用，这样就有可能在焊接部产生剥离。
发明内容
所以，本发明的目的在于，提供一种容易组装并且在组装状态下不会在电池内部产生无用的力的作用的方形电池。
在本发明的方形电池中，在通过将封口板(12)固定在方形容器(11)的开口部而形成的电池罐(1)的内部，以使其外周面沿着方形容器(11)的底面的姿势收装有卷绕电极体(2)。卷绕电极体(2)的两个端部上突出的正负一对电极端缘(21)(22)上，分别设置有集电板(3)(30)，两个集电板(3)(30)与设于封口板(12)上的正负一对电极端子机构(4)(40)连接在一起。这里，集电板(3)(30)和电极端子机构(4)(40)由可以弯曲变形的引线构件(5)(50)相互连接。
在具体的构成中，引线构件(5)(50)的一侧的端部被焊接在集电板(3)(30)上，同时，引线构件(5)(50)的另一侧的端部被焊接在电极端子机构(4)(40)上，或者被电极端子机构(4)(40)夹持。
在所述的本发明的方形电池中，由于两个集电板(3)(30)和两个电极端子机构(4)(40)分别由可以弯曲变形的引线构件(5)(50)相互连接，因此即使两个集电板(3)(30)在卷绕电极体(2)上的位置产生偏差，通过在组装工序中使引线构件(5)(50)发生弯曲变形，就可以吸收所述偏差。
所以，利用引线构件(5)(50)将两个集电板(3)(30)和两个电极端子机构(4)(40)相互连接的操作十分容易，并且在组装后，在集电板(3)(30)和引线构件(5)(50)的接合部或电极端子机构(4)(40)和引线构件(5)(50)的接合部上也不会产生多余的力的作用。
另外，在具体的构成中，在集电板(3)(30)上，形成朝向卷绕电极体(2)的电极端缘(21)(22)突出的1个或多个凸部。
在该具体的构成中，通过在组装工序中将集电板(3)(30)向卷绕电极体(2)的电极端缘(21)(22)推压，集电板(3)(30)的凸部就会咬入电极端缘(21)(22)，从而使集电板(3)(30)和卷绕电极体(2)的接触面积增大。其结果是，可以有效地进行利用集电板(3)(30)的集电。
在其他的具体的构成中，在两个集电板(3)(30)和方形容器(11)的侧壁之间分别夹隔有绝缘构件(6)(60)，至少某一侧的绝缘构件(6)具有弹性。
根据该具体的构成，因两个集电板(3)(30)的凸部咬入电极端缘(21)(22)中而产生的两个集电板(3)(30)和方形容器(11)的侧壁之间空隙的偏差，会被绝缘构件(6)的弹性变形吸收。
在更具体的构成中，在各集电板(3)(30)上开设至少1个注液孔(33)，至少在某一侧的绝缘构件(6)上，形成用于使集电板(3)的注液孔(33)露出的U字形的缺口(61)。
根据该具体的构成，在组装工序中注入方形容器(11)中的电解液经过集电板(3)的开口(61)，从集电板(3)的注液孔(33)向卷绕电极体(2)的内部供给。
根据本发明的方形电池，组装十分容易，并且在组装状态下不会在电池内部产生无用的力的作用。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的方形电池的外观的立体图。
图2是卷绕电极体及集电板的立体图。
图3是该方形电池的分解立体图。
图4是表示电极端子机构和卷绕电极体的连接部的局部剖面正视图。
图5是表示其他实施例的同上的局部剖面正视图。
图6是以往的方形电池的立体图。
其中，(1)电池罐，(11)方形容器，(12)封口板，(2)卷绕电极体，(21)电极端缘，(22)电极端缘，(3)集电板，(30)集电板，(32)凸条部，(33)注液孔，(4)电极端子机构，(40)电极端子机构，(5)引线构件，(50)引线构件，(6)绝缘构件，(60)绝缘构件，(61)缺口
具体实施方式
下面，将依照附图对本发明的一个实施方式进行具体说明。
在本发明的方形电池中，如图1所示，在铝制的方形容器(11)的开口部上，焊接铝制的封口板(12)，制成长方体的电池罐(1)。该电池罐(1)具有例如50mm×30mm×10mm的外形尺寸。
在电池罐(1)的内部，收装有图2所示的卷绕电极体(2)。此外，该卷绕电极体(2)的正极及负极与图1所示的正负一对电极端子机构(4)(40)连接在一起，从而可以从这些电极端子机构(4)(40)导出电能。
另外，在电池罐(1)的封口板(12)上，安装有用于在电池罐(1)的内压上升时发生动作的气体排出阀(13)、填塞用于在组装工序中向电池罐(1)的内部注入电解液的注液孔的注液塞(14)。
卷绕电极体(2)是在图2所示的正极和负极之间夹着隔膜并将它们卷绕成螺旋状的部件，在卷绕电极体(2)的两个端部，突出有正极及负极的端缘(21)(22)，在这些电极端缘(21)(22)上接合有正负一对集电板(3)(30)。
这里，构成卷绕电极体(2)的正极在形成芯体的铝箔的表面形成含有钴酸锂的正极层，负极在形成芯体的铝箔的表面形成含有碳粉末的负极层。这里，在正极及负极的芯体的端部未涂布活性物质，在使该未涂覆部分从隔膜中突出出来的状态下，进行正极及负极的卷绕。
正负一对集电板(3)(30)分别在圆板状的主体(31)上放射状地形成向卷绕电极体(2)的电极端缘(21)(22)突出的剖面圆弧状的多个凸条部(32)，同时，开设有多个注液孔(33)。
而且，正极侧的集电板(3)为铝制，负极侧的集电板(3)为铜制。
如图3所示，在两个端部接合了集电板(3)(30)的卷绕电极体(2)以使其外周面沿着方形容器(11)的底面的姿势收装于方形容器(11)中。
另外，在接合了集电板(3)(30)的卷绕电极体(2)的两侧，设置具有圆弧状的弯曲部的带状的引线构件(5)(50)，该引线构件(5)(50)的基端部被焊接在集电板(3)(30)的表面上，同时，该引线构件(5)(50)的头端部被焊接在电极端子机构(4)(40)的基端部上。
而且，正极侧的引线构件(5)为铝制，负极侧的引线构件(50)为铜制。
在接合于卷绕电极体(2)的两个端部上的集电板(3)(30)和方形容器(11)的侧壁之间，插入用于实现卷绕电极体(2)和方形容器(11)之间的电绝缘的薄片状的绝缘构件(6)(60)。这里，一侧的绝缘构件(6)为具有弹性的材料，例如由氟树脂制成，并开设有朝向封口板(12)侧开口的U字形缺口(61)，外形呈马蹄形。另外，另一侧的绝缘构件(60)为聚丙烯制，外形呈长方形。
正极侧的电极端子机构(4)如图4所示，具有在基端部突出设置了凸缘部(42)的铝制螺栓构件(41)，该螺栓构件(41)贯穿封口板(12)，在形成于其头端部的螺纹部上与螺母(49)螺合在一起。另外，还设置有聚丙烯制的第1绝缘构件(43)和第2绝缘构件(46)，它们在包围螺栓构件(41)的外周面的同时，还夹住了封口板(12)。在第1绝缘构件(43)的两面，在与封口板(12)和螺栓构件(41)的凸缘部(42)的相对部分上，分别夹着O形环(44)(45)。
在第2绝缘构件(46)和螺母(49)之间，夹隔着平垫圈(47)及弹簧垫圈(48)，通过旋紧螺母(49)，利用电极端子机构(4)的凸缘部(42)和平垫圈(47)将第1绝缘构件(43)及第2绝缘构件(46)夹紧，从而确保了高密封性。
引线构件(5)如所述那样，基端部被焊接在集电板(3)的表面，同时头端部被焊接在螺栓构件(41)的凸缘部(42)的背面。
负极侧的电极端子机构(40)除了螺栓构件(41)为铜制以外，具有相同的构造。
作为电极端子机构(4)(40)，也可以采用图5所示的构造。在该电极端子机构(4)(40)中，在封口板(12)上，穿过第1绝缘构件(73)及第2绝缘构件(74)，铆入具有凸缘部(71)的端子构件(7)，第1绝缘构件(73)及第2绝缘构件(74)被夹压于该端子构件(7)的凸缘部(71)和铆接部(72)之间，同时，利用凸缘部(71)和第1绝缘构件(73)夹持引线构件(5)的头端部。
如果采用该电极端子机构(4)(40)，由于通过铆入将端子构件(7)固定在封口板(12)上，因此只需较少的组装工时，并且密封性也提高。
在所述的方形电池的组装中，首先，如图3所示，向卷绕电极体(2)的两个端部压紧集电板(3)(30)并用激光焊接。这样，集电板(3)(30)的凸条部(32)(32)就会咬入卷绕电极体(2)的电极端缘(21)(22)，从而可以在集电板(3)(30)和卷绕电极体(2)之间获得较大的接触面积。
另外，在封口板(12)上组装正负一对电极端子机构(4)(40)。
其后，在电极端子机构(4)(40)的凸缘部的背面焊接引线构件(5)(50)的上端部。然后，通过使引线构件(5)(50)发生弯曲变形，使两个引线构件(5)(50)的基端部的位置及间隔与将卷绕电极体(2)收装于方形容器(11)中时的2片集电板(3)(30)的位置及两片集电板(3)(30)的间隔一致。
在此状态下，将两个引线构件(5)(50)的基端部分别焊接在集电板(3)(30)的表面。
此后，在将绝缘构件(6)(60)配置于两集电板(3)(30)的外侧的状态下，将卷绕电极体(2)收装于方形容器(11)中，同时，用封口板(12)封盖方形容器(11)的开口部，将封口板(12)焊接在方形容器(11)上。
将卷绕电极体(2)收装于方形容器(11)中时，由于在卷绕电极体(2)上的引线构件(5)(50)的位置和封口板(12)的位置，都可以如所述那样根据与方形容器(11)的位置关系预先进行调整，因此封口板(12)就可以被正确地定位于方形容器(11)的开口部上。
其后，从封口板(12)的注液孔注入电解液。这样，电解液流经绝缘构件(6)的缺口(61)，从集电板(3)的注液孔(33)向卷绕电极体(2)的内部供给。
最后，用注液塞(14)密封所述注液孔，从而完成电池的组装。
在所述方形电池中，由于通过在组装工序中使引线构件(5)(50)弯曲变形，可以对卷绕电极体(2)、电极端子机构(4)(40)、方形容器(11)及封口板(12)的相互的位置关系进行调整，因此，其后的组装十分容易，而且，在组装状态下，在引线构件(5)(50)上不会产生多余的力的作用，所以就不会产生在引线构件(5)(50)和集电板(3)(30)或电极端子机构(4)(40)之间的焊接部上发生剥离的问题。
另外，由于正极和负极的2个电极端子机构(4)(40)同时被安装在封口板(12)上，因此，例如当把多个方形电池组合而构成组电池时，可以使方形电池之间相互接近，这样就可以提高组电池的体积效率。
另外，由于在两集电板(3)(30)和方形容器(11)的内壁之间夹着可以弹性变形的绝缘构件(6)，因此即使当受到来自外部的振动时，也可以利用绝缘构件(6)吸收该振动。

Claims (6)

1.一种方形电池，在通过将封口板(12)固定在方形容器(11)的开口部而形成的电池罐(1)的内部，以使其外周面沿着方形容器(11)的底面的姿势收装着卷绕电极体(2)，在卷绕电极体(2)的两个端部上突出的正负一对电极端缘(21)(22)上，分别设置有集电板(3)(30)，两个集电板(3)(30)与设于封口板(12)上的正负一对电极端子机构(4)(40)连接在一起，其特征是，集电板(3)(30)和电极端子机构(4)(40)由可以弯曲变形的引线构件(5)(50)相互连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方形电池，其特征是，引线构件(5)(50)的一侧的端部被焊接在集电板(3)(30)上，同时，引线构件(5)(50)的另一侧的端部被焊接在电极端子机构(4)(40)上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方形电池，其特征是，引线构件(5)(50)的一侧的端部被焊接在集电板(3)(30)上，同时，引线构件(5)(50)的另一侧的端部被电极端子机构(4)(40)夹持。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的方形电池，其特征是，在集电板(3)(30)上，形成有朝向卷绕电极体(2)的电极端缘(21)(22)突出的1个或多个凸部。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的方形电池，其特征是，在两个集电板(3)(30)和方形容器(11)的侧壁之间分别夹隔有绝缘构件(6)(60)，至少某一侧的绝缘构件(6)具有弹性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方形电池，其特征是，在各集电板(3)(30)上开设至少1个注液孔(33)，至少在某一侧的绝缘构件(6)上，形成有用于使集电板(3)的注液孔(33)露出的U字形的缺口(61)。
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