CN1523688A - 具有至少一个锂注入电极的可充电原电池 - Google Patents

具有至少一个锂注入电极的可充电原电池 Download PDF

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CN1523688A
CN1523688A CNA2003101043398A CN200310104339A CN1523688A CN 1523688 A CN1523688 A CN 1523688A CN A2003101043398 A CNA2003101043398 A CN A2003101043398A CN 200310104339 A CN200310104339 A CN 200310104339A CN 1523688 A CN1523688 A CN 1523688A
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lithium
ptc element
rechargeable
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P
P·豪格
P·比尔克
D·伊利克
R·哈尔德
T·维尔勒
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VARTA Microbattery GmbH
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
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    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
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Abstract

按照本发明的一个实例，具有至少一个锂注入电极的和密封薄柔性壳体的可充电的原电池，其包括两个通过粘合剂或密封层连接在一起的金属或合成金属/塑料片，在该元件内PTC元件(3)与该元件的一个终端引线串联。PTC元件(3)在粘合剂或密封层的区域内嵌置在元件(1)的边缘(4)中并设置耐有机电解质的塑料涂层。

Description

具有至少一个锂注入电极的可充电原电池
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有至少一个锂注入电极的可充电原电池。特别是，它具有密封的薄柔性壳体，该壳体包括两个通过粘合剂或密封层相互连接在一起的金属或合成物金属/塑料片。
背景技术
由于其高的能量密度以及低重量，位于也称为软包装的柔性壳体内的可充电的锂电池越来越多地用于例如PDA、管理器或移动电话的便携式高科技装置中。但是由于其高能量密度和易燃的有机电解质，在此类型电池的情况下必须采用特殊的安全措施以便消除由于不正确处理电池而对于使用者造成的危险。
因此，可充电的锂电池具有检测充电和放电过程并保护电池不受到例如外部短路的不正确处理的外部电子安全电路。但是在许多情况下，通过外部电子装置进行电池的保护是不充分的。因此，在没有电子装置的锂电池上越来越多地进行安全测试(例如UnderwriterLaboratory)。在这种情况下，这种“裸露的”电池必须经受外部短路或高达12伏的过量充电，并与带有外部安全电子装置的电池同样安全。
位于软包装内的“裸露的”锂电池的另一需要是当出现外部短路是它不能过热、开口甚至燃烧。为此在电池中通常使用所谓的“阻断”分离器，该分离器当电池过热时熔化、失去其空隙率并以此方式停止电池进一步放电。但是，该过程不可逆转，并且在某些情况下开始太晚。
在可充电的锂电池的情况下，过量充电特别危险。例如，在包括含有石墨的阳极和含有锂-钴(LiCoO2)的阴极的常规锂聚合物或卷绕电池，在这种情况下出现以下现象：
充电到4.2伏：
大约50％的锂从LiCoO2渗出并渗入到阳极的石墨层。在这种情况下，电极以石墨可吸收所有渗出的锂的方式确定尺寸。
充电到4.2伏以上：
另外的锂从LiCoO2渗出。由于石墨层已经被注入，现在金属锂表面沉积在阳极上。
充电远远超过4.2伏：
现在电解质的成分分解并造成电池的强烈气化。此外，锂的进一步渗出使得LiCoO2结构变得越来越不稳定，直到其破坏为止，并释放出活性氧。此过程导致电池受到强烈地加热，直到其最终爆发性的燃烧为止。
因此，在位于硬壳体(例如铝罐)中的锂卷绕电池的情况下，经常通过外部连接PTC元件(正温度系数器件)来确保不过量充电。为此必要的是电池内过量充电所产生的热量通过具有良好导热性的硬壳体传递到PTC上。
从US 5876 868和EP818838 A2中已知将PTC元件布置在锂卷绕电池的封盖内，该壳体包括破裂膜。
US 3546024披露一种在可充电的Ni/Cd电池中安装的温度开关，该温度开关设置在电极线圈内的自由空间中。
发明内容
本发明的目的提供一种带有过量充电保护的原电池，其中特别是几乎没有增加原电池的总体高度和体积，并且在任何操作条件下可靠地避免电池的过热以及随后的破坏。
在开头所述类型的原电池的情况下，该目的通过权利要求1的特征来实现。本发明所进行的有利改进在从属权利要求中得到限定。通过明确的参考将权利要求的用词结合在说明书中。
将PTC元件安装在位于软包装内的锂-聚合物电池使得可以制造不过量充电并不产生外部短路的电池。
由于PTC元件可引入电池内的现有自由空间中，此附加的安全元件不造成任何能量密度的损失。PTC元件以导电方式例如在电极和外部接点之间的焊接或软焊集成在一个终端引线内。在这种情况下，PTC元件位于软包装的内部或在其密封边缘内。如果使用侵蚀性电解质，PTC元件设置耐有机电解质的塑料涂层，例如通过聚酰亚胺粘合带、聚乙烯或聚丙烯密封膜、环氧树脂或聚亚安酯。
PTC元件最好包括其中均匀分布有导电颗粒的聚合物。由于导电颗粒相互之间导电接触，PTC元件在低温下具有良好的导电性。在每个PTC特定的温度下，聚合物彭胀，并且导电颗粒彼此不再接触，使得PTC元件的电阻突然增加。典型的PTC元件例如是所谓的多开关(RaychemCorporation，Menlo Park，CA，USA的PTC元件的名称，该元件在“Current Protection Data Book for Polyswitch ResettableFuses”(02/1997)的数据手册中进行描述)。
如果这种PTC元件与锂-聚合物电池中的一个终端引线串联，在低温下完全获得电池充电和放电期间的电性能。但是如果，电池过量充电或外部短路，软包装内产生的热量导致电阻的突然增加，使得过量充电的过程中断。
如果该包装包括多个相互叠置的电极，将PTC元件设置在电池内或软包装内部是十分重要的，这是由于在过量充电时可只采用以上方式利用所释放的热量快速启动PTC元件。与带有硬壳体并导热性好的圆形电池相比，在软包装壳体的电池外部设置PTC元件不造成PTC元件的快速响应，因此对于过量充电保护不可靠。一个原因是软包装壳体的导热性不良，另一原因是以远远超过4.2伏的充电电压进行过量充电时电池产生气化，并进一步降低与PTC元件的热接触。
如果使用本发明的PTC元件，可以确保高达32伏的过量充电保护，并且所需安全性与使用外部短路所实现的安全性的相同。与通常使用的“阻断”分离器相比，此过程是可逆的，使得电池在外部短路之后继续工作。
附图说明
本发明将根据示例性的图1～3在下面进行描述。
图1表示带有集成PTC的本发明电池的基本构造；
图2表示本发明的电池在过量充电下的性能；以及
图3表示没有PTC元件的电池的性能。
具体实施方式
按照图1，PTC元件3电集成在薄的原电池1的一个终端引线2内，引线由例如镍片制成。特别是元件3是焊接的。元件3可以布置在电池的密封边缘4的区域内的方式定位。
如图2和3所示，电池的温度T和电压U缓慢增加长达大约40分钟。电流I在同样时间内保持恒定在2C(1.5A)。
在图3所示的电池没有PTC元件的情况下，温度T在43分钟之后呈指数地增长，并且电池燃烧。
带有PTC元件的电池(图2)在41分钟之后外部测量温度最大值是75℃；同时电压U突然从5.5伏增加到12伏的极限，并且电流I从1.5A降低到大约200mA。在大约1小时之后，温度稳定在55℃，并且电流稳定在300mA。
以下的原理造成该现象：
长达40分钟，PTC元件处于中性状态或具有低电阻。在41分钟之后，此时软包装的温度造成PTC元件的电阻突然变得很高并且电流限制在大约200mA。PTC的冷却造成其导电性再次增加，因此也造成电流增加。在大约1小时之后，系统稳定并且其操作点在55℃和300mA。

Claims (4)

1.一种具有至少一个锂注入电极的和密封薄柔性壳体的可充电的原电池，其包括两个通过粘合剂或密封层连接在一起的金属或合成金属/塑料片，其中所述元件具有作为电接点的终端引线，其中在该元件内，正温度系数元件(3)与一个终端引线串联。
2.如权利要求1所述的可充电原电池，其特征在于，正温度系数元件(3)在粘合剂或密封层的区域内嵌置在元件(1)的边缘(4)中。
3.如权利要求1所述的可充电原电池，其特征在于，正温度系数元件(3)设置耐有机电解质的塑料涂层。
4.如权利要求1所述的可充电原电池，其特征在于，其包括多个电极，其中一个电极叠置在另一个电极的顶部上。
CNA2003101043398A 2002-10-25 2003-10-24 具有至少一个锂注入电极的可充电原电池 Pending CN1523688A (zh)

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DE10250857A DE10250857A1 (de) 2002-10-25 2002-10-25 Wiederaufladbares galvanisches Element mit mindestens einer lithiuminterkalierenden Elektrode

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US7618724B2 (en) 2004-04-13 2009-11-17 Lg Chem, Ltd. Electrochemical device comprising electrode lead having protection device
CN101887960A (zh) * 2010-07-13 2010-11-17 清华大学 锂离子电池极耳及具有该极耳的锂离子电池
CN103238236A (zh) * 2010-05-06 2013-08-07 泰科电子日本合同会社 Ptc装置和配备有ptc装置的二次电池
CN106159118A (zh) * 2015-04-02 2016-11-23 曙鹏科技（深圳）有限公司 一种软包装锂离子电池及其制造方法
US9673427B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2017-06-06 Samsung Sdi Co., Ld. Battery pack
CN107078252A (zh) * 2014-08-18 2017-08-18 曼兹股份公司 用于制造原电池的方法和装置以及原电池

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DE10361360A1 (de) * 2003-12-18 2005-07-14 Varta Microbattery Gmbh Galvanisches Element
KR100808380B1 (ko) * 2004-10-14 2008-02-29 주식회사 엘지화학 전지단자에 안전소자가 구비된 이차전지
KR100709882B1 (ko) * 2005-11-29 2007-04-20 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 리튬 이차전지 및 그 제조방법
KR100900412B1 (ko) * 2006-08-14 2009-06-01 주식회사 엘지화학 향상된 안전성과 콤팩트한 구조의 이차전지
DE102007033427A1 (de) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anordnung mit einem Gehäuse
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WO2010089152A1 (de) 2009-02-09 2010-08-12 Varta Microbattery Gmbh Knopfzellen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
DE102009060800A1 (de) 2009-06-18 2011-06-09 Varta Microbattery Gmbh Knopfzelle mit Wickelelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
KR101101914B1 (ko) * 2009-12-18 2012-01-02 이은용 점토 받침틀
DE102010033577A1 (de) 2010-08-03 2012-02-09 Varta Microbattery Gmbh Knopfzelle mit Wickelelektrode mit thermischer Sicherung
DE102011002659A1 (de) 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Sb Limotive Company Ltd. Batteriezelle mit Mittel zur Ausbildung eines Kurzschlusses umfassend ein Kaltleiterelement
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DE102013205062A1 (de) 2013-03-22 2014-09-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriezelle mit einem auf leitfähigem Material basierenden Gehäuse und Verfahren zum sicheren Entladen einer Batteriezelle
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ATE409359T1 (de) 2008-10-15
EP1414086B1 (de) 2008-09-24
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US20040110061A1 (en) 2004-06-10
EP1414086B8 (de) 2013-10-02

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