CN1481671A - Novel low-pressure drip irrigation system - Google Patents
Novel low-pressure drip irrigation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1481671A CN1481671A CNA031344062A CN03134406A CN1481671A CN 1481671 A CN1481671 A CN 1481671A CN A031344062 A CNA031344062 A CN A031344062A CN 03134406 A CN03134406 A CN 03134406A CN 1481671 A CN1481671 A CN 1481671A
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel low-pressure drip irrigation system, which is the same as a conventional drip irrigation system and comprises a pressure water source, a head hub and a water transmission and distribution pipe network; the system is characterized in that the adaptability of the system to the terrain is matched with the elevation difference of the field surface, so that the system is idle without the terrain adaptability; the design pressure of the dripper is not more than 0.04MPa, and the pressure grade of branch and capillary is not more than 0.06 MPa; the inlet of the irrigation small area (i.e. branch pipe inlet) of the new low-pressure drip irrigation system is also equipped with a constant pressure device capable of making its downstream be low-pressure area so as to make branch pipe and capillary obtain stable designed water head. Compared with the conventional drip irrigation system, in the branch and capillary part of one embodiment, the plastic consumption per mu is reduced from 12.54kg to 3.42kg, and is reduced by 72.7%; the water head at the entrance of the cell is reduced from 10.4m to 1.3m, and the reduction is 87.5%. Wherein the plastic consumption of the drip irrigation tape which needs to be updated every year is reduced from 7.4 kg/mu to 1.34 kg/mu, and is reduced by 81.9 percent. The operating energy consumption of the system (measured from the ground) is reduced by not less than 30%.
Description
One, affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural irrigation technology, relate to drip irrigation technique, particularly a kind of new low-pressure drip irrigation system.
Two, background technology
Drip irrigation is one of irrigation technique, and its practical technology and equipment emerged in the last century sixties end, and through the production application of nearly half a century, its advantage is accepted by common people: promptly can provide suitable growing environment and water saving the most for crop.Should bring into play bigger effect at aspects such as developing rural economy, raising life of farmers level and alleviation water scarcity situations.Yet drip irrigation technique one emerges, and just is positioned as expensive irrigation technique, can only be applied to the crop of high economic benefit; And the not really high crops of more economic benefits are used drip irrigation, and profit as thin as a wafer or profitless has greatly restricted the development of drip irrigation.To the year ends 2000, the world's (88 countries) slight irrigation (comprise drip irrigation, underground drip irrigation, bubbling irrigation and microspray irrigation, and drip irrigation accounting for very big part) area only accounts for 1.52% of irrigated area, and the U.S. accounts for 4.9%, and China only accounts for about 0.5%.Costliness is the significant problem of restriction drip irrigation area development.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, propose a kind of new low-pressure drip irrigation system.The technical solution of this new low-pressure drip irrigation system is: the composition of new low-pressure drip irrigation system is identical with conventional drip irrigation system, comprises pressure water source, head pivot and water distributing network three parts composition;
Pressure water source comprises high-level water source or compression system;
Head pivot comprises facilities such as restraining, purification, fertilising, measurement, protection; Comprise fixing or movably;
Water distributing network comprises main, arm, hollow billet, water dropper/irrigate band, drain valve etc.;
The structure of its water dropper is identical with conventional emitter structure;
Be characterized in:
(1) new low-pressure drip irrigation system is determined design working head of emitter by following formula, and the planar condition of ability and field, irrigated area of system's adaptation to the ground is complementary, and no longer includes the idle capacity that landform is adapted to.This formula is:
h
d=x·ΔZ/[q
zv]
Δ Z=Δ Z in the formula
1-Δ Z
2Δ Z
1The maximum that-field face elevation departs from, Δ Z
2The minimum of a value that-field face elevation departs from;
h
d-design working head of emitter
[q
Zv] discrepancy in elevation flow deviation rate that allows; Should do further demonstration to its value according to economy, desirable temporarily [q
Zv]=0.05;
(2) the water dropper design pressure of new low-pressure drip irrigation system is not more than 0.04MPa,, the capillary pressure grade is not more than 0.06MPa; And the water dropper design pressure of conventional drip irrigation system is greater than 0.04MPa,, the capillary pressure grade is greater than 0.06MPa;
(3) in the sub-district inlet/arm import of pouring water of new low-pressure drip irrigation system, also being provided with and making its downstream is the equipment of low-pressure area---barostat, makes, the stable design head of hollow billet acquisition.
The present invention compares with conventional drip irrigation system owing to set up new design working head of emitter and determine method, an embodiment, the hollow billet part, plastics consumption per mu is reduced to 3.42kg by 12.54kg, reduces by 72.7%.The sub-district entrance head of pouring water is reduced to 1.3m by 10.4m, reduces by 87.5%.The wherein annual irrigate band plastics consumption that needs to upgrade drops to 1.34kg/ mu by 7.4kg/ mu, reduces by 81.9%.In another embodiment greenhouse, hollow billet plastics consumption reduces to 0.4kg from 4.08kg, reduces 90%; Head requires to reduce to 0.62m from 9.2m, reduces by 93%.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system schematic of the present invention.Symbol among the figure is expressed as respectively: 1, water pump, 2, the water source, 3, barostat, 4, non-return valve, 5, pressure valve, 6, fertilizer spreading tank, 7, filtration system, 8, blowoff valve, 9, valve, 10, flowmeter, 11, main, 12, arm, 13, hollow billet, 14, water dropper, 15, drain valve.
Five, embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated to provide embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and inventor.
Show according to inventor's long term studies: the most key factor of drip irrigation system investment and operating cost that influences is that system pressure (or claims: head); Water dropper is the irrigator of drip irrigation system, and the design working head of emitter value is to influence the most important factor of system pressure.(1) sets up drip irrigation system design working head of emitter value foundation, form drip irrigation system 1, design working head of emitter value present situation
Design working head of emitter is one of drip irrigation system important parameter, and recent decades, its accepted value was 10m; Get little trend though have in recent years, but still between 7m~10m." gravity " drip irrigation of coming in from Israel is a special case, and its design working head of emitter is 1.0m, in China greenhouse application is arranged, but its value is not proved.Therefore, design working head of emitter value (or method), the experience that always is in the gear shaper without theoretical guidance approximately half a century is continued to use state.2, the design working head of emitter value has determined the adaptive capacity of drip irrigation system to landform
Study for many years through the inventor, the design working head of emitter value has determined the adaptive capacity of drip irrigation system to landform.This be because: field, irrigated area face has the local discrepancy in elevation, and when the actual elevation of water dropper field of living in face was lower than design altitude, the real work head of this water dropper will be greater than design head; Vice versa.At this, the difference of field face design altitude and actual elevation is defined as elevation departs from; In the scope of discussing (as the sub-district of pouring water), the difference that field face elevation departs from maximum and minimum of a value is defined as the field face discrepancy in elevation, and Z represents with Δ, that is:
Δ Z=Δ Z
1-Δ Z
2(1) Δ Z in the formula
1The maximum that-field face elevation departs from, Δ Z
2The minimum of a value that-field face elevation departs from.
Δ Z will cause the water dropper flow deviation, will be called discrepancy in elevation flow deviation rate by the flow deviation rate that Δ Z causes, note is made q
ZvDefinition: q
Zv=k[(h
d+ Δ Z
1)
x-(h
d+ Δ Z
2)
x]/(kh
d x), can push away:
q
Zv≈ (x Δ Z)/h
d(2) h in the formula
d-design working head of emitter, m; X-water dropper fluidised form index; Constant coefficient in k-water dropper flow and the working head relational expression; All the other symbolic significances are the same.q
ZvReflected Δ Z goes out to flow deviation ratio (just to the quality of pouring water) to water dropper influence.By formula (2) as seen: for certain piece soil (Δ Z is fixed) of determining to build drip irrigation, after water dropper was selected, the molecule on the equation right side was just definite, discrepancy in elevation flow deviation rate q
ZvStool and urine by h
dDecide; Illustrate that the design working head of emitter value is restricting the influence of the field face discrepancy in elevation to the quality of pouring water, and has just determined the adaptive capacity of drip irrigation system to landform.3, conventional value evaluation of design working head of emitter and conventional drip irrigation system
Design working head of emitter is got 10m routinely, makes drip irrigation system have very big landform adaptive capacity, just " drip irrigation does not need to level land " often said.Most drip irrigations irrigated area is built on the soil of smooth mistake, its Δ Z=0.05m~0.40m, and when x=0.5, calculate thus: q
Zv=0.0025~0.02; And for example aforementioned Israel " gravity " drip irrigation h
d=1.0m, as greenhouse Δ Z at 0.03m, calculate its q
Zv≈ 0.015, and its influence all can be ignored.Therefore, for most drip irrigations irrigated area, the conventional value of design working head of emitter (comprising that design working head of emitter only is " gravity " drip irrigation of 1.0m in the greenhouse) makes the ability of drip irrigation system adaptation to the ground exceed actual needs, and promptly there is idle capacity in this system; Therefore and formed the present situation of drip irrigation system " costliness ", caused the waste of drip irrigation equipment investment with running cost.For difference to some extent, the drip irrigation system that idle capacity is arranged is called conventional drip irrigation system here; And the overwhelming majority of existing drip irrigation system belongs to conventional drip irrigation system.4, the value foundation of drip irrigation system and design working head of emitter thereof
Make the planar condition of ability and field of drip irrigation system adaptation to the ground be complementary, thereby can eliminate the idle capacity of drip irrigation system; We call the drip irrigation system to the drip irrigation system that does not have idle capacity, are called for short new drip irrigation system.The design working head of emitter of new drip irrigation system, the principle that should be complementary by the planar condition of ability and field of adaptation to the ground determine, both with field face discrepancy in elevation Δ Z as one of factor of definite design working head of emitter; For this reason, can derive by formula (2):
h
d=x Δ Z/[q
Zv] [q in (3) formula
ZvThe discrepancy in elevation flow deviation rate of]-allow; Economy according to system can be to [q
Zv] value does further research, desirable temporarily [q
Zv]=0.05.
Formula (3) is exactly the drip irrigation system design working head of emitter calculating formula that the present invention proposes, and result of calculation is minimum value, also is recommendation.But when calculating h
dDuring≤0.5m, should get: h
d=0.5m.(2) new low-pressure drip irrigation system 1, new low-pressure drip irrigation system and advantage thereof are proposed
As previously mentioned, drip irrigation irrigated area majority is (or even original ground irrigated area) upward construction in smooth soil, the field face discrepancy in elevation (Δ Z) of the individual sub-district of pouring water of one is many in 0.40m, calculate by formula (3), in most cases design working head of emitter can be no more than 4.0m, makes to reduce design working head of emitter significantly and become possibility.Need exploitation h
dThe water dropper of≤4.0m and corresponding irrigate band; And still do not have at present such product.For this reason, we are h
dThe water dropper of≤4.0m is called the low pressure water dropper; Calling the low pressure irrigate band with the supporting irrigate band of low pressure water dropper; The drip irrigation system that uses the low pressure water dropper is called low-pressure drip irrigation system.New low-pressure drip irrigation system is meant that not idle capacity (meeting drip irrigation systematic naming method condition) that landform is adapted to and design working head of emitter are not more than not only the 4.0m drip irrigation system of (but also meeting low-pressure drip irrigation system name condition).
It may be noted that: present Israel's " gravity " drip irrigation system of producing and selling, because the field face discrepancy in elevation in greenhouse is below 0.05m, though design working head of emitter 1m only belongs to low-pressure drip irrigation system; But because of the planar condition of ability and field of the not following adaptation to the ground principle that is complementary, still have an appointment 50% idle capacity of design working head of emitter is not so though it is a low-pressure drip irrigation system, be new low-pressure drip irrigation system.
New low-pressure drip irrigation system is compared with conventional drip irrigation system, and following advantage is arranged:---drip irrigation system will be no longer expensive; Be not more than the drip irrigation irrigated area of 0.4m in the field face discrepancy in elevation, adopt new low-pressure drip irrigation system, except that, the hollow billet, a pressure rating falls in main also comparable prevailing system at least; Can under the prerequisite that technical performance does not reduce, make drip irrigation system equipment one-time investment reduce by 30%~70%; Energy consumption (referring to the energy consumption that ground is above) reduces about 25%~80%.Having more crops uses lucrative, the more peasant household of drip irrigation to afford to use drip irrigation.Therefore the market capacity of drip irrigation will heighten.---help improving performance of anti-blockage and reduce the water dropper manufacture difficulty; Because water dropper pressure significantly reduces, water dropper runner cross dimensions significantly strengthens under the same traffic condition, not only helps improving performance of anti-blockage, and has reduced the water dropper manufacture difficulty.2, the composition of new low-pressure drip irrigation system
The composition identical with conventional drip irrigation system (referring to Fig. 1) of new low-pressure drip irrigation system, by: pressure water source (high-level water source or pressurization), head pivot (restraining, purify, fertilising, measure etc.) and water distributing network (main, arm, hollow billet and water dropper/irrigate band, drain valves etc.) three parts are formed, among the figure as can be seen, comprise 1, water pump, 2, the water source, 3, barostat, 4, non-return valve, 5, pressure valve, 6, fertilizer spreading tank, 7, filtration system, 8, blowoff valve, 9, valve, 10, flowmeter, 11, main, 12, arm, 13, hollow billet, 14, water dropper/irrigate band, 15, drain valve.The structure of its water dropper is identical with conventional emitter structure; But be with conventional drip irrigation system difference:
(1) design working head of emitter of new low-pressure drip irrigation system is calculated by formula (3) and determines the idle capacity that system is not adapted to landform; And the planar condition of the design working head of emitter value of conventional drip irrigation system and field, irrigated area is irrelevant, continues to use value by rule of thumb; In the irrigated area of field face discrepancy in elevation Δ Z≤0.40m, there is the idle capacity that landform is adapted in system;
(2) the water dropper design pressure of new low-pressure drip irrigation system is not more than 0.04MPa,, the capillary pressure grade is not more than 0.06MPa; And the water dropper design pressure of conventional drip irrigation system is greater than 0.04MPa,, the capillary pressure grade is greater than 0.06MPa;
(3) at the new low-pressure drip irrigation system sub-district inlet (being the arm import) of pouring water, must be provided with and can make its downstream is the equipment of low-pressure area---barostat, makes, hollow billet obtains stable design head, guarantee to pour water quality and, hollow billet safety; The arm import of conventional drip irrigation system has the setting pressure adjuster, but is not necessary, and existing in the world pressure regulator product all can not use in new low-pressure drip irrigation system.
(3) specific embodiment:
(1) Xinjiang cotton cultivation with film mulched drip irrigation
Bar Tian Kuanwei 200m, a length of tube 100m, hollow billet bidirectional arrangements; Landform be along hollow billet to 1 ‰ slopes, the arm level.Designed discharge of dripper 1.6L/h, fluidised form index x=0.5, dripper spacing 0.3m; Hollow billet spacing 0.9m.
Conventional system scheme: press the flow deviation rate [q that code requirement allows
v]=0.20; Select water dropper h
d=8.0m, a tube pitch 140m, each sub-district area of pouring water is 21 mu; Irrigate band and arm voltage withstand class 0.15MPa (arm minimum pressure level is 0.25MPa at present), irrigate band wall thickness 0.2mm, the heavy 10g of rice; Arm φ 110 wall thickness 3.2mm, the heavy 1.08kg of rice.Sub-district entrance head 10.4m, flow 82.76m pour water
3/ h.Irrigate band total length 15540m (740m per mu), sub-district Zhi Maoguan plastics total burn-off 263.4kg closes every mu of 12.54kg.
New low-pressure drip irrigation system scheme: Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang's cotton cultivation with film mulched drip irrigation is all built in the original ground irrigated area, and the general ground discrepancy in elevation is about 0.1m, and water dropper fluidised form index x=0.5 gets h by formula (3)
d=1.0m.The pressure stage of determining irrigate band and arm is 0.015MPa; Select a season property irrigate band φ 16, wall thickness 0.03mm for use, the heavy 1.8g of rice.Tube pitch 80m, each 12 mu of sub-district of pouring water.
By standard, [q
v]=0.20; The irrigate band is along length of grade degree 43m, adverse grade length 37m; Arm places ground for the LDPE pipe, diameter phi 140mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, every meter weight 0.25kg.Sub-district entrance head 1.3m, flow 47.24m pour water
3/ h, design waterpower flow deviation ratio q
v=0.19<[q
v].Irrigate band total length 8880m (740m per mu), sub-district Zhi Maoguan plastics total burn-off 41kg closes every 3.42kg per mu.
As seen: new low-pressure drip irrigation system and conventional drip irrigation system relatively,, the hollow billet part, plastics consumption per mu is reduced to 3.42kg by 12.54kg, reduction by 72.7%.The sub-district entrance head is reduced to 1.3m by 10.4m, reduces by 87.5%.The wherein annual irrigate band plastics consumption that needs to upgrade drops to 1.34kg/ mu by 7.4kg/ mu, reduces by 81.9%.(1) greenhouse by solar heat drip irrigation
The long only 50m of greenhouse by solar heat, wide 7m, Zhi Guanchang 25m * 2, hollow billet spacing 1m, every drip irrigation belt length 6.5m, dripper spacing 0.3m, designed discharge of dripper 1.6L/h, fluidised form index x=0.5; The landform slope is zero.
The conventional system scheme:, capillary pressure level 0.15MPa; Select thin wall irrigation belt φ 12, wall thickness 0.16mm, the heavy 7g of rice, length overall 325m; Chamber crop than higher, selects [q to the quality requirement of pouring water
v]=0.15, design working head of emitter h
d=8.0m.Arm φ 20, wall thickness 0.6mm, the heavy 36g of rice.Full greenhouse consumption plastics 4.08kg; Require arm entrance head 9.2m.
New low-pressure system scheme: field, the greenhouse face discrepancy in elevation is 0.03m, less than 0.05m, gets h by formula (3)
d=0.5m; By definite in table 1, capillary pressure grade is 0.0075MPa, optional φ 8 irrigate bands, wall thickness 0.02mm, the heavy 0.7g of rice, length overall 325m.Same choosing [q
v]=0.15 calculates: arm φ 25, wall thickness 0.04mm, the heavy 3.1g of rice.Full greenhouse consumption plastics 0.4kg; Require arm entrance head 0.62m.
New low-pressure drip irrigation system and conventional drip irrigation system be relatively: prop up, hollow billet plastics consumption reduces to 0.4kg from 4.08kg, minimizing 90% in the greenhouse in; Head requires to reduce to 0.62m from 9.2m, reduces by 93%.
Claims (3)
1. new low-pressure drip irrigation system, its composition is identical with conventional drip irrigation system, comprises that pressure water source, head pivot and water distributing network three parts form;
Pressure water source comprises high-level water source or compression system;
Head pivot comprises facilities such as restraining, purification, fertilising, measurement, protection; Comprise fixing or movably;
Water distributing network comprises main, arm, hollow billet, water dropper/irrigate band, drain valve etc.;
The structure of its water dropper is identical with conventional emitter structure;
It is characterized in that: new low-pressure drip irrigation system is determined the design head of water dropper the planar condition of ability and field, irrigated area of its adaptation to the ground to be complementary by following formula, eliminates the idle capacity of drip irrigation system to the landform adaptation; This formula is:
h
d=x·ΔZ/[q
zv]
Δ Z=Δ Z in the formula
1-Δ Z
2Δ Z
1The maximum that-field face elevation departs from, Δ Z
2The minimum of a value that-field face elevation departs from;
h
d-design working head of emitter;
[q
ZxThe discrepancy in elevation flow deviation rate of]-allow should be determined by technical and economic proof; Desirable temporarily [q
Zv]=0.05.
2, according to claim 1 described new low-pressure drip irrigation system, it is characterized in that: its water dropper design pressure is not more than 0.04MPa,, the capillary pressure grade is not more than 0.06MPa, is applied to the occasion of field face discrepancy in elevation Δ Z≤0.4m.
3, according to claim 1 and 2 described in new low-pressure drip irrigation system, it is characterized in that: at the sub-district inlet (being the arm import) of pouring water, also being provided with and making its downstream is the barostat of low-pressure area.
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CN103559341A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-05 | 西北农林科技大学 | Drip irrigation small district hydraulic design method |
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CN108024514A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-05-11 | 恩足立普有限公司 | Method and system for irrigation |
CN107743832A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-03-02 | 许明东 | Farmland shallow embedding formula drip irrigation and ditch ridge crop rotation overlay film bow film implantation methods |
US11627708B2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2023-04-18 | N-Drip Ltd. | Methods and systems for irrigation at stabilized pressure |
US11957080B2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2024-04-16 | N-Drip Ltd. | Methods and systems for irrigation at stabilized pressure |
CN110710443A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2020-01-21 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Low-pressure low-flow cotton magnetized water drip irrigation method |
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