CN1480635A - 发动机控制系统 - Google Patents
发动机控制系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1480635A CN1480635A CNA031523455A CN03152345A CN1480635A CN 1480635 A CN1480635 A CN 1480635A CN A031523455 A CNA031523455 A CN A031523455A CN 03152345 A CN03152345 A CN 03152345A CN 1480635 A CN1480635 A CN 1480635A
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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Abstract
一种发动机控制系统,包括:一种NOx催化剂,选择性地还原来自废气的NOx;一个还原剂供给源,把还原剂提供给到一个排气系统,并且定位在NOx催化剂的上游;NOx传感器,探测在由内燃机排放的废气中的NOx量;一个燃料喷射系统,在主喷射模式中或在预与主喷射模式中把燃料喷射到内燃机;及一个控制单元,当基于排放的NOx数据确定的NOx净化效率等于或低于一个预置净化效率时,以预与主喷射模式致动燃料喷射系统。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种装有净化在废气中的NOx的NOx净化设施的发动机控制系统,更具体地说,涉及一种以主喷射模式或预与主喷射模式喷射燃料的发动机控制系统。
相关技术的描述
通常,在从内燃机排放的废气中的NOx由一种NOx净化设施净化。例如,用于柴油发动机的一种NOx净化设施由一个包含NOx催化剂和提供在排放系统中及选择性地净化NOx的催化剂转换器、和一个布置在催化剂转换器上游的尿素溶液供给源构成。
NOx催化剂包括一种携带对其供给尿素溶液作为还原剂的氧化钒(V2O2)的催化剂载体,并且在填充有过多氧气的大气中净化NOx。
尿素溶液的水解和热解由如下化学式表示。水解和热解的尿素溶液发出NH3。
NH3和氧化氮通过NOx催化剂的脱氮由化学式(2)和(3)表示。
参照附图的图5,当催化剂温度近似为350℃时,对其添加氨水(或尿素溶液)的NOx净化设施的净化效率较高,但在350℃以下的温度下突然减小,如由实线表示的那样。当在NOx中的NO∶NO2的比值是1∶1时,NOx净化设施能最快地净化NOx。而且,已经知道,在近似200℃的催化剂温度下能保持较高的NOx净化效率,如由双点划线表示的那样。
一般地讲,在废气中的NO2∶NOx的比值是0∶1,这较小。因此,NOx净化效率减小,如由图5中的实线表示的那样。
为了克服上述问题,在排气系统中在NOx催化剂的上游可以添加一个氧化催化剂供给源,以便把在废气中的NO氧化成NO2、升高NO2/NOx比值、及把NO2供给到NOx催化剂。这在把NOx净化效率保持在高水平下方面似乎是有效的。
然而,在上述情况下,氧化催化剂供给源必须定位在排气系统中在一个还原剂供给源的上游。这不可避免地扩大净化设施。因此,难以保证一个用于氧化催化剂供给源的空间。而且,在柴油发动机的情况下,氧化催化剂的NO2产生性能往往受到由在燃料中的硫成分生成的废气中的硫的不利影响。更进一步,催化剂的净化性能和持久性可能受硫的影响。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种即使NOx净化效率较低也能增大在NOx中的NO2比值并且有效地净化NOx的发动机控制系统。
本发明概述
本发明提供一种发动机控制系统,它包括:一种NOx催化剂,包含氨水作为还原剂,提供在内燃机的排气系统中,及选择性地还原来自废气的NOx;一个还原剂供给源,把还原剂提供给到排气系统,并且定位在NOx催化剂的上游;一个NOx传感器,探测在由内燃机排放的废气中的NOx量;一个燃料喷射系统,在进行主喷射的主喷射模式中或在进行预喷射与主喷射的预与主喷射模式中把燃料喷射到内燃机,预喷射先于主喷射;及一个控制单元,当基于排放的NOx数据确定的NOx净化效率等于或低于一个预置NOx净化效率时,以预与主喷射模式致动燃料喷射系统。
当NOx净化效率较低时,在预与主喷射模式中喷射燃料,这增大NO2/NOx比值,并且提高NOx净化效率。
发动机控制系统进一步包括一个探测NOx催化剂温度的温度传感器。当在等于或低于预置净化效率的NOx净化效率下净化NOx时,并且当由催化剂温度传感器探测的温度低于一个催化剂活化温度时,控制单元以预与主喷射模式致动燃料喷射系统。
当NOx净化效率等于或低于预置值并且催化剂温度也低于一个预置值时,将以预与主喷射模式喷射燃料。这增大NO2/NOx比值,并且可靠地提高NOx净化效率。
附图的简要描述
图1是一种发动机控制系统和对其应用该发动机控制系统的发动机的示意图。
图2(a)表示在发动机控制系统的主喷射模式中燃料压力的波形。
图2(b)表示在发动机控制系统的预与主喷射模式中燃料压力的波形。
图3是曲线图,表示当在预与主喷射模式中由发动机控制系统致动发动机时NO2/NOx比值的变化。
图4是映象图,用来设置在预与主喷射模式中的燃料喷射量和燃料喷射计时。
图5是曲线图,表示在图1的发动机中在催化剂温度与NOx催化剂的NOx净化效率之间的关系。
图6是在图1中表示的发动机的排放系统的ECU的主例行程序的流程图。
图7是发动机控制系统的ECU的发动机控制例行程序的流程图。
本发明的详细描述
参照在图1中表示的一种发动机控制系统的一个实施例将描述本发明。假定发动机控制系统包括在一个安装在车辆(未表示)中的多缸柴油发动机1(称作“发动机1”)中。
发动机1由发动机控制系统的一个发动机控制单元3 (称作“发动机ECU3”)控制。在排气系统中的一种NOx净化设施2由一个废气控制单元4(称作“排气ECU4”)控制。发动机ECU 3和排气系统ECU4经一根通信控制线5彼此通信。
参照图1,发动机ECU3连接到一个油门踏板压下传感器6和一个曲轴角度传感器7上。油门踏板压下传感器6探测油门踏板压下量θa,而曲轴角度传感器7探测曲轴角度并且产生曲轴角度数据Δθ。曲轴角度数据Δθ用于发动机ECU3以导出发动机速度Ne。
一个吸气通道I包括一个涡轮增压器9的一个压缩机901。压缩机901带有一个连接到一个涡轮903上的旋转轴902,由此能够增压废气。在吸气通道I中,一个中间冷却器20定位在涡轮增压器9的下游,并且冷却吸入空气。这在提高至发动机1的吸入空气的容积效率、和增大发动机输出方面是有效的。而且,一个压力传感器8提供在中间冷却器20的下游,以便探测升高压力Pα。
发动机ECU3在其输入-输出回路处带有多个端口,接收来自压力传感器8、油门踏板压下传感器6、曲轴角度传感器7等的信号,及把控制信号发送到一个燃料喷射系统。
燃料喷射系统包括一个燃料压力调节部分12、和一个使用喷射器10把燃料喷射到一个燃烧室(未表示)的喷射控制部分11。这些部分12和11由发动机ECU3控制,起一个压力控制器n1和一个喷射控制器n2的作用。发动机1以仅进行主喷射的主喷射模式M1或以进行预喷射和主喷射的预与主喷射模式M2致动喷射器10。预喷射先于主喷射。参照分别表明当在主喷射模式和预与主喷射模式中喷射燃料时的波形中的燃料压力的图2(a)和2(b)。
燃料压力调节部分12包括一个燃料压力调节器121,后者把高压燃料的压力调节到一个预置压力并且把预置压力燃料供给到一个公用给油管122上。高压燃料经一个高压泵123供给。具体地说,燃料压力调节器121连接到发动机ECU3上,并且按照燃料压力控制器n1的输出Dp调节燃料压力,从而把在公用给油管122中的压力稳定到一个预置值。
喷射控制部分11是公用油管型的,并且使用经电磁阀Vp连接到公用给油管122上的喷射器10喷射高压燃料。电磁阀Vp连接到发动机ECU3上,并且响应来自喷射控制器n2的一个输出信号D(Gf)控制一个燃料喷射量Gf、一个主喷射计时(θ主)、及一个预喷射计时(θp)。在图1中,只有一个电磁阀Vp表示成经一根线连接到发动机ECU3上。
喷射控制器n2根据发动机速度Ne和油门踏板压下θa(即发动机负载)导出一个基本燃料喷射量INJb。通过把一个修正水温度dt和升高压力Pα的修正值dp添加到基本燃料喷射量INJb上导出燃料喷射量Gf(即,Gf=INJb+dt+dp)。
由于以后详细描述的原因采用预与主喷射模式M2。在这种模式中,提高由预喷射喷射的燃料质量,即,升高NO2/NOx比值,这提高NOx净化效率。
如果不采用预喷射,则NO2/NOx比值近似是15%,并且如在以后描述的那样在NOx催化剂13中NOx净化较慢。然而,随着进行预喷射计时θp,加速NOx净化。例如,当发动机1在BETC40°与60°之间的预喷射计时θp下操作时,NO2/NOx比值升高到30%或更大。因此,加速通过NOx催化剂的NOx净化(以后描述),它在提高NOx净化效率方面是有效的。
喷射控制器n2在催化剂温度Tg较高(例如300℃或更高)时在NOx净化效率较高的场合选择主喷射模式M1,并且在主喷射计时θp下以燃料喷射量Gf喷射所有燃料。
当催化剂温度Tg较低(例如约200℃)时,喷射控制器n2选择预与主喷射模式M2。喷射控制器n2具有通过试验为每个发动机操作区域en导出基本燃料喷射量INJb、基本喷射计时θb及基本预喷射计时θpb准备的映像图m1(在图4中表示)。映像图m1用来按照发动机速度Ne和油门踏板压下θa在发动机操作区域中尽可能升高NOx净化效率,并且提高NO2/NOx比值。NO2/NOx比值往往随由预喷射而喷射的燃料量而变。例如,通过试验知道,当发动机负载是40%时,NO2/NOx比值在4mg/st下是36%,而在8mg/st下是44%。
通过调节基本燃料喷射量INJb、基本喷射计时θb及基本预喷射计时θpb把NO2/NOx比值设计成尽可能地大。已知当使用映像图m1导出NOx量时,NO2/NOx比值在5%与80%之间是可变的,并且根据NOx量控制预喷射计时。
参照图1,NOx净化设施2包括:NOx催化剂,在排气管21中;一个尿素溶液供给源(一个还原剂供给源)14,定位在NOx催化剂13的上游,并且把尿素溶液气动供给到在一个供给点f处的排气通道E;上游和下游NOx传感器15和22,探测在尿素溶液供给源14的上游和下游位置处的NOx浓度Snoxf和Snoxr;一个温度传感器16,探测NOx催化剂13的温度Tg;及排气ECU4。
NOx催化剂13装在一个在用作排气通道E的排气管21中的NOx转换器18中。NOx转换器18带有一个装有一种催化剂载体的壳体181。催化剂载体载有金属催化剂(例如,氧化钒V2O5)。
NOx催化剂13通过把氨水(NH3)用作还原剂能选择性地还原在废气中的NOx。尿素溶液水解以产生由化学式(1)表示的氨水。氨水供给到NOx催化剂13。NOx催化剂13把氨水(NH3)用作还原剂主要进行由化学式(2)和(3)表示的反应,并且加速在NH3与氧化氮之间的脱氮。特别是,如果催化剂温度Tg较低,即约200℃,而NO2/NOx比值较大,则能升高NOx净化效率η,如由在图5中的双点划线表示的那样。在这种情况下,把NO的特性转换成NO+NO2的特性。
尿素溶液供给源14经一个喷嘴17和一个调节阀27把尿素溶液喷洒到NOx催化转换器18的上部进口中。
排气ECU4在其输入-输出回路中有多个端口以便接收来自上游和下游NOx传感器15和22及催化剂温度传感器16的信号,并且把控制信号发送到调节阀27。而且,排气系统ECU4经控制系统通信线5把数据传输到发动机ECU3和从其接收数据。
而且,排气ECU4使用一个映像图(未表示)计算根据由催化剂温度传感器16探测的催化剂温度Tg要添加的还原剂的量DNH3,并且把量DNH3输出到调节阀27。排气系统ECU4接收在尿素溶液供给源14的上游和下游位置处的NOx浓度Snoxf和Snoxr,并且计算NOx净化效率η{(Snoxf-Snoxr)/Snoxf}。
参照在图6和7中表示的控制例行程序描述发动机ECU3和排气ECU4的控制过程。
当接通发动机钥匙以启动发动机1时,排气ECU4周期地重复图6的一个主控制例行程序。在步骤sa中,确定是否接通发动机钥匙。在步骤sb中,排气ECU4接收来自发动机ECU3的催化剂温度Tg、燃料喷射量Gf、喷射的NOx量Unox等,并且确定接收的数据是否是适当的。如果数据不是适当的,则接通一个报警灯(未表示)。
一旦来自传感器的数据是适当的,则过程前进到一个步骤sc。在步骤sc中,确定催化剂温度Tg是否等于或高于一个预置温度Th(例如,150℃)。如果催化剂温度Tg低于预置温度Th,则过程前进到步骤sd。由于NOx净化效率较低,把一个低温标志FlgL设置到1,该标志发送到发动机ECU3。
相反,当催化剂温度Tg较高时,过程前进到步骤se,其中把与要添加的还原剂的量DNH3相对应的输出发送到调节阀27。根据探测的催化剂温度Tg设置量DNH3。此后,过程返回步骤sb。
发动机ECU3执行在图7中表示的发动机控制例行程序。在步骤a1中,发动机ECU3接收诸如发动机速度Ne、油门踏板压下量θa、单位曲轴角度Δθ及升高压力Pα之类的发动机操作数据。而且,发动机ECU3从排气系统ECU4接收NOx净化效率η{=(Snoxf-Snoxr)/Snoxf}、低温标志FlgL(=1或0)等。此后,过程前进到。
在步骤a2中,确定NOx净化效率η是否低于一个预置值ηL(即20%),ηL用作一个确定NOx净化效率η清楚减小的阈值。在这个实施例中,把预置值ηL设置到20%。换句话说,如果不满足这点,则必须提高NOx净化效率η。
当在步骤a2中NOx净化效率η高于20%时,过程前进到步骤a4,其中发动机ECU3选择主喷射模式M1,并且计算一个主喷射计时θmain和燃料喷射量Gf。此后,过程前进到步骤a6。
如果NOx净化效率η低于20%,则过程前进到a3,其中确定催化剂温度Tg是否低于预置温度Th(例如,150℃)和低温标志FlgL是否是1。
如果低温标志FlgL是0并且催化剂温度Tg等于或高于预置温度Th,则过程前进到步骤a4,其中选择主喷射模式M1。
另一方面,如果低温标志FlgL是1,则过程前进到步骤a5,其中选择预与主喷射模式M2,设置在模式M2中的主和预燃料喷射量,及计算预喷射计时θp和主喷射计时θmain。此后,过程前进到步骤a6。
这里假定已经选择主喷射模式M1。在步骤a6中,在喷射控制部分11的一个喷射量驱动器111中设置与计算的燃料喷射量Gf相对应的输出,而在喷射控制部分11的一个喷射计时驱动器112中设置主喷射计时θmain。在适当计时处致动喷射器10,由此喷射燃料。此后,过程前进到步骤a7。
否则,假定已经选择预与主喷射模式M2。在步骤a6中,在喷射量驱动器111中设置计算的主与预喷射量Gf,而在喷射计时驱动器112中设置在预与主喷射模式M2中的主喷射计时θmain和预喷射计时θp。喷射量驱动器111和喷射计时驱动器112开始计数,从而在适当计时处和以适当喷射燃料致动喷射器10。在步骤a7中,执行其它的发动机控制操作。然后,过程前进到步骤a1。
当NOx净化效率η等于或小于预置值ηL(=20%)时,发动机控制系统以预与主喷射模式M2进行燃料喷射。这允许NO2/NOx比值的增大和NOx净化效率η的提高,如由在图5中的双点划线表示的那样。然而,当催化剂温度Tg是约200℃时,NOx净化效率η通常较低,即p1,如由在图5中实线表示的那样。在这样一种情况下,如上述那样采用预与主喷射模式M2,从而NOx净化效率η能增大到由双点划线表示的值p2。因此,在较低催化剂温度下能迅速提高NOx净化效率η,这在提高废气的脱氮方面是有效的。
在发动机控制例行程序中,当在步骤a2中NOx净化效率η低于20%时,过程前进到步骤a3。在步骤a3中,确定低温标志FlgL是否是1。如果FlgL是1,则过程前进到步骤a5,其中预与主喷射模式M2由发动机控制系统3选择。预与主喷射模式M2的选择通过检查以上因素(在步骤a2和a3中)确定,从而发动机控制系统能可靠地进行燃料喷射。如果由于干扰等仅根据碰巧从预置值导出的一个因素选择预与主喷射模式M2,则发动机控制系统极为频繁地把主喷射模式M1切换到预与主喷射模式M2或者反之亦然,这会导致发动机控制系统的不稳定操作。
要不然,如果在步骤a2中NOx净化效率η低于20%,则过程可以直接前进到步骤a5,以便选择预与主喷射模式M2。这能简化发动机ECU3的控制过程。
在上述实施例中,当NOx净化效率η变得较低时,假定NO2/NOx比值减小,并且选择预与主喷射模式M2。要不然,当由一个NO2/NOx比值传感器直接探测到NO2/NOx比值并且发现减小时,可以选择预与主喷射模式M2。
现有的NOx传感器对于NO和NO2往往具有不同的灵敏度级,并且对于NO2较不灵敏。因此,当NOx传感器按原样测量在废气中的NOx时,并且它们通过完全把NOx还原或氧化成NO或NO2测量NOx时,在由其收集的数据中有差别。根据以上特征有可能制备NO2/NOx比值传感器。
例如,假定把全部NOx还原成NO2。
A-B=(1-α)×NO
B/α-A=(1-α)×NO2
NO2/NO={(B/α)-A}/(A-B)
其中A是代表由NOx传感器按通常探测到的NOx的信号(=NO+α×NO2),B是代表完全氧化成NO2并且由NOx传感器探测到NOx的信号(=α×(NO+NO2)),及α指示在NO2与NO之间的探测灵敏度比值。
包括NO2/NOx比值传感器的发动机控制系统与在图1中表示的发动机控制系统一样有效和便利。
Claims (2)
1.一种发动机控制系统,包括:
一种NOx催化剂,包含氨水作为还原剂,提供在内燃机的排气系统中,及选择性地还原来自废气的NOx;
一个还原剂供给源,把还原剂提供给到排气系统,并且定位在NOx催化剂的上游;
一个NOx传感器,探测在由内燃机排放的废气中的NOx量;
一个燃料喷射系统,在进行主喷射的主喷射模式中或在进行预喷射与主喷射的预与主喷射模式中把燃料喷射到内燃机,预喷射先于主喷射;及
一个控制单元,当基于排放的NOx数据确定的NOx净化效率等于或低于一个预置NOx净化效率时,以预与主喷射模式致动燃料喷射系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发动机控制系统,进一步包括一个探测NOx催化剂温度的催化剂温度传感器,其中当NOx净化效率等于或低于预置净化效率时,并且当由催化剂温度传感器探测的温度低于一个催化剂活化温度时,控制单元以预与主喷射模式致动燃料喷射系统。
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DE19847874A1 (de) * | 1998-10-16 | 2000-04-20 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Stickoxidreduzierung im Abgas einer mager betriebenen Brennkraftmaschine |
US6357226B2 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2002-03-19 | Chrysler Corporation | Control system for lean air-fuel ratio NOx catalyst system |
US6546721B2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2003-04-15 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification device |
US6427439B1 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-08-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for NOx reduction |
DE10043798A1 (de) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-14 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Katalysators |
-
2002
- 2002-07-29 JP JP2002219438A patent/JP4114425B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-07-03 TW TW092118149A patent/TWI233462B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-24 KR KR1020030050860A patent/KR20040012494A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2003-07-25 DE DE10334091A patent/DE10334091B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-29 US US10/628,490 patent/US6935104B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-29 CN CNB031523455A patent/CN1292159C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100385102C (zh) * | 2004-12-20 | 2008-04-30 | 通用汽车公司 | 用于控制向scr催化剂的尿素供给的系统 |
CN100595428C (zh) * | 2005-08-24 | 2010-03-24 | 日产柴油机车工业株式会社 | 发动机排气净化装置 |
CN101080556B (zh) * | 2005-09-08 | 2011-11-23 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 用于内燃机的排气净化系统和排气净化方法 |
CN101331303B (zh) * | 2005-12-15 | 2012-11-07 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于控制内燃机的方法 |
CN101652551B (zh) * | 2007-04-06 | 2012-10-31 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 内燃机控制装置 |
CN101680332B (zh) * | 2007-06-26 | 2012-05-23 | 五十铃自动车株式会社 | NOx净化系统及NOx净化系统的控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI233462B (en) | 2005-06-01 |
US20040194451A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
DE10334091B4 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
JP2004060515A (ja) | 2004-02-26 |
DE10334091A1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
CN1292159C (zh) | 2006-12-27 |
KR20040012494A (ko) | 2004-02-11 |
TW200407499A (en) | 2004-05-16 |
US6935104B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 |
JP4114425B2 (ja) | 2008-07-09 |
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