CN1457303A - 车载空调机 - Google Patents

车载空调机 Download PDF

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CN1457303A
CN1457303A CN02800282.2A CN02800282A CN1457303A CN 1457303 A CN1457303 A CN 1457303A CN 02800282 A CN02800282 A CN 02800282A CN 1457303 A CN1457303 A CN 1457303A
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cooling
refrigerant
heat exchanger
heating
car
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CN1280118C (zh
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江原俊行
向山洋
桑原修
石原寿和
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/001—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of similar working principle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00907—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant changes and an evaporator becomes condenser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/04—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00935—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising four way valves for controlling the fluid direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/356—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member
    • F04C18/3562—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surfaces substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F04C18/3564—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surfaces substantially parallel to the axis of rotation the surfaces of the inner and outer member, forming the working space, being surfaces of revolution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/10—Fluid working
    • F04C2210/1027—CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/22—Fluid gaseous, i.e. compressible
    • F04C2210/222—Carbon dioxide (CO2)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/26—Refrigerants with particular properties, e.g. HFC-134a
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/26—Refrigerants with particular properties, e.g. HFC-134a
    • F04C2210/261—Carbon dioxide (CO2)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/072—Intercoolers therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及车载空调机，即使是在以电和汽油为能源的混合车辆、和可怠速停车式车辆或只以电为能源的电池车辆等废热量少的汽车上，使用例如CO2制冷剂，搭载具有由电力驱动的2级压缩式压缩机的制冷回路进行制冷，同时，设计使冷却在第1级被压缩的制冷剂的制冷剂换热器与车内空气进行热交换，而且还与用于冷却引擎的冷却水的热一起用于适当的加热上，解决了过去的问题，可有效进行采暖、制冷、除湿等。

Description

车载空调机
技术领域
本发明涉及用在以电和汽油为能源的混合式车辆、和可怠速停车式车辆等废热少的汽车上的车载空调机。
背景技术
一般的汽车是从以汽油为燃料的内燃机获得动力行驶的，在这样的汽车上搭载制冷回路，制冷，是在蒸发器将制冷剂蒸发、利用产生的冷能将车内空气冷却而进行的。
又，采暖是利用用于冷却引擎的冷却水的热量加热车内空气而进行的。
但是，因为这样的汽车是燃烧汽油等而获得驱动力的，所以，人们非常期望对其排出气体中含的有害物质进行抑制或限制。
又，过去，作为冷气制冷装置的制冷剂，使用的是例如氯化二氟甲烷(R22、沸点-40.8℃)等。但是，R22等，由于存在因其潜在的对臭氧的高破环性，如果释放到大气中到达地球上空的臭氧层，则破坏该臭氧层的问题而成为氟限制的对象。
该臭氧层的破坏，是因制冷剂中的氯元素(C1)引起的。虽然因此而提出了不含氯元素的制冷剂，例如二氟甲烷(HFC-32、R32、沸点-52℃)等替代制冷剂，但是，由于其地球温暖化系数(GWP)为1300～1900，因此，在1997年防止地球温暖化京都会议上被列入限制对象气体中，难以使用。
在这样重视环境的形势下，自然界中存在的、环境负荷少的CO2等自然制冷剂，由于没有臭氧层破坏性、可燃性和毒性，并且其地球温暖化系数(GWP)为1，对环境影响很小，而且经济，因此受到重视。
但是，将CO2制冷剂用在制冷回路上的时候，必须有比传统的空调机用制冷剂高3倍以上的工作压力(例如10MPa)，因此，利用传统的1级压缩式压缩机构造在压缩室的密封性上存在问题，例如只压缩到6MPa左右，则存在不能将CO2作为制冷剂使用的问题。
因此，提出了在第1级将CO2从3MPa压缩到6MPa(中间压力)，再在第2级从6MPa压缩到10MPa，然后排出的2级压缩式压缩机。
提出了在以电和汽油为能源的混合式车辆、和可怠速停车式车辆或只以电为能源的电池车辆等上，搭载将CO2作为制冷剂使用并具有由电力驱动的2级压缩式压缩机的制冷回路进行冷气制冷，同时，用冷却引擎的冷却水的热进行采暖的方案。
但是，这样的汽车废热量少，存在不能进行充分的采暖的问题。
本发明的目的在于，解决传统的问题，提供即使在以电和汽油为能源的混合式车辆、和可怠速停车式车辆或只以电为能源的电池车辆等废气量少的汽车上采用CO2制冷剂的时候，也可有效进行制冷、采暖、除湿等的车载空调机。
发明内容
本发明者等为了解决传统的问题而锐意研究的结果是，发现使用例如CO2制冷剂，搭载具有由电力驱动的2级压缩式压缩机的制冷回路进行制冷，同时，设计使冷却在第1级被压缩的制冷剂的制冷剂换热器与车内空气进行热交换，而且通过与用于冷却引擎的冷却水的热一同都用于适当的加热上，从而可解决问题，完成了本发明。
即，本发明的权利要求1的车载空调机，是具有设置有利用制冷剂换热器冷却在第1级被压缩的制冷剂并将冷却后的制冷剂在第2级进一步压缩排出的2级压缩式压缩机以及设计成与车内空气进行热交换的蒸发器的制冷回路、设置有设计成与车内空气进行热交换并循环引擎的冷却水的采暖用冷却水车内换热器的冷却水回路、以及控制车内空气是否通过前述蒸发器以及/或者采暖用冷却水车内换热器的风道的风门装置的车载空调机，其特征在于：设计使前述制冷剂换热器与车内空气进行热交换，并与前述采暖用冷却水车内换热器一同都可用于车内加热用。
本发明的权利要求2的车载空调机，是以权利要求1所述的车载空调机为基础，其特征在于：制冷剂是CO2。
图面的简单说明
图1是示意性说明具有本发明中所用的2级压缩式压缩机和作为制冷剂车内换热器使用的蒸发器的制冷回路的说明图。
图2是图1所示的制冷回路中的莫里尔图。
图3是本发明的车载空调机的一实施形式的结构图。
图4是本发明的车载空调机的另一实施形式(采暖模式)的结构图。
图5是图4所示的本发明的车载空调机的另一实施形式(制冷模式)的结构图。
图6是图4所示的本发明的车载空调机的另一实施形式(除湿模式)的结构图。
实施发明的最佳形式
以下，根据图面对本发明的实施形式进行详细说明。
在图1中，本发明中所用的2级压缩式压缩机1，在密闭容器2内的上方设置有带驱动轴3的马达4，设置使在密闭容器2内的最下方被驱动轴3驱动的第1级压缩机构(回转式)5以及在其上面的第2级压缩机构(回转式)6以180°相位差联动，如箭头所示那样，经过F→A低压制冷剂(3MPa)被吸入第1级压缩机构(回转式)5，被压缩到中间压力(6MPa)的制冷剂气体，一部分流入密闭容器2内，其它流入外部配管，分流到2通道的制冷剂在密闭容器2外再次合流，经过B在制冷剂换热器7冷却，冷却后的制冷剂经过C被吸入第2级压缩机构(回转式)6，压缩成高压(10MPa)之后，从2级压缩式压缩机1排出。
这样排出的制冷剂经过D在气体冷却器8冷却达到超临界状态，冷却后的制冷剂以经过E在膨胀阀9→蒸发器(制冷剂车内换热器)10蒸发产生冷能变成低压制冷剂的方式被循环使用，从而构成制冷回路11。
图2的莫里尔图中的A～F，相当于图1的制冷回路中的各地点A～F。图2中的B→B’→D，所示为使在第1级压缩机构(回转式)5中被压缩的制冷剂不在制冷剂换热器7冷却，而是在第2级压缩机构(回转式)6中被进一步压缩，从而使制冷剂温度变得更高的情况。
对应由B→C→D→B’→B围住的斜线表示的面积的能量，相当于通过将制冷剂在制冷剂换热器7上冷却而驱动2级压缩式压缩机1时所需动力的减少部分。
在图3中，与图1～2所示的构成部分同样的构成部分用同一参照符号，不再重复说明。
图3所示是本发明的车载空调机的一实施形式的结构，将制冷回路11、冷却水回路12以及控制车内空气流动的风门装置30等设计成所需结构。
冷却水回路12，具有为了冷却内燃机等图中未画出的引擎的具有冷却水循环的被叫做散热器的冷却水车外换热器13，和设计在车内侧使车内空气与冷却水进行热交换的采暖用冷却水车内换热器14，以及使冷却水在它们之间循环的泵15。
而且，用于冷却在第1级压缩机构5被压缩的制冷剂的制冷剂换热器7设置在采暖用冷却水车内换热器14的前方的近旁。
虽然制冷剂换热器7的设置位置没有特别限制，但设置在采暖用冷却水车内换热器14的前方的方法，因为可增大由B→C→D→B’→B围住的斜线表示的面积，从而进一步减少驱动2级压缩式压缩机1时的所需动力，因此是较理想的。
在以下的说明中，作为冷却水冷却的设备，虽然假设以上述引擎进行说明，但本发明中并不限于此，也可是以电动汽车中的动力控制元件等的冷却为目的的形式。
利用制冷回路11进行制冷的时候，如实线所示那样，使制冷剂循环并在蒸发器10中产生冷能，利用图中未画出的风扇将车内空气送到蒸发器10，这样使制冷剂与车内空气进行热交换而蒸发返回2级压缩式压缩机1。制冷剂蒸发时的热来自车内空气，因此，车内空气的温度下降，车内被制冷。
另外，这时，如果与蒸发器10进行热交换的车内空气被送到制冷剂换热器7和采暖用冷却水车内换热器14，则好容易冷却的车内空气的温度上升，因此，将风门装置30移动到实线所示的位置，使车内空气不被送到制冷剂换热器7和采暖用冷却水车内换热器14。
另一方面，进行采暖时，在汽车行驶的同时泵15被驱动使冷却水循环，利用冷却水回路12进行采暖，同时，利用用于冷却在第1级压缩机构(回转式)5被压缩的制冷剂的制冷剂换热器7进行采暖。
通过将风门装置30置于虚线所示的位置，车内空气利用图中未画出的风扇输送，在蒸发器10被除湿，除湿后的车内空气被送到制冷剂换热器7以及采暖用冷却水车内换热器14被加热进行采暖。
通过将风门装置30设置在虚线所示的位置与实线所示的位置之间的位置，也可同样进行利用蒸发器10的除湿和利用制冷剂换热器7和采暖用冷却水车内换热器14的采暖。
虽然在该例中，所示为将风门装置30设置在蒸发器10与制冷剂换热器7之间的例子，但风门装置30的设置位置并不限于此，例如也可设计成使采暖运行时车内空气不在蒸发器10进行热交换，而只向制冷剂换热器7和采暖用冷却水车内换热器14输送而进行采暖。
图4～图6是本发明的车载空调机的另一实施形式的结构图。
在图4～图6中，与图1～3所示的构成部分同样的构成部分用同一参照符号，不再重复说明。
图4所示是本发明的车载空调机的另一实施形式(采暖模式)的结构图，在制冷回路11上设置四通阀16，切换四通阀16使制冷剂可沿实线所示方向，或也可根据需要沿其反方向循环。
并且，制冷剂换热器7和采暖用冷却水车内换热器14设置在通气管17(本发明中所用的风门装置的一种)中，设计成将利用风扇使车内空气与制冷剂换热器7和采暖用冷却水车内换热器14接触进行热交换而加热的空气从实线或虚线的箭头所示的任一方向向车内输送，同时，设计使车内空气以及/或者车外空气接触制冷回路11中的气体冷却器8进行热交换而加热输送到车内。因为将制冷剂换热器7、采暖用冷却水车内换热器14以及气体冷却器8用在车内空气的采暖上，所以可进行充分的采暖。
图5所示是本发明的车载空调机的另一实施形式(制冷模式)的结构图，在该制冷模式中，切换四通阀16使制冷剂沿图4的实线所示方向的反方向循环，将前述蒸发器10作为气体冷却器使用，而将前述气体冷却器8作为蒸发器使用。
而且，设计成如图那样关闭在通气管17(本发明中所用的风门装置的一种)中设计的制冷剂换热器7和采暖用冷却水车内换热器14之间设置的百叶窗18(本发明中所用的风门装置的一部分)，利用风扇将接触采暖用冷却水车内换热器14进行热交换而加热的空气排出车外，同时，设计使空气不接触制冷剂换热器7，而使车内空气接触蒸发器8(10)进行热交换，使在制冷剂7、采暖用冷却水车内换热器14进行热交换而加热的空气不在车内循环，所以，可进行充分的冷气制冷。
图6所示是本发明的车载空调机的另一实施形式(除湿模式)的结构图，该除湿模式中，与图5同样，切换四通阀16使制冷剂沿与图5同样的方向循环，将前述蒸发器10作为气体冷却器使用，而将前述气体冷却器8作为蒸发器使用。
而且，设计成如图那样关闭在通气管17(本发明中所用的风门装置的一种)中设置的制冷剂换热器7和采暖用冷却水车内换热器14之间设置的百叶窗18(本发明中所用的风门装置的一部分)，利用风扇将接触采暖用冷却水车内换热器14进行热交换而加热的空气排出车外，同时，设计使车内空气接触蒸发器8(10)进行热交换而除湿后的空气，被导向制冷剂换热器7进行热交换，将控制在适宜温度的空气从通气管17的既定位置向车内输送。因为在采暖用冷却水车内换热器14进行热交换后的空气不在车内循环，所以，可容易进行除湿·温度调节。
另外，上述实施形式的说明，是用于说明本发明的，不是限定权利要求书所述的发明或缩减范围。又，本发明的各部分构成不限于上述实施例，在权利要求书所述的技术范围内可以是各种的变形。
在图1～图6中，1是2级压缩式压缩机、2是密闭容器、3是驱动轴、4是马达、5是第1级压缩机构(回转式)、6是第2级压缩机构(回转式)、7是制冷剂换热器、8是气体冷却器、9是膨胀阀、10是蒸发器、11是制冷回路、12是冷却水回路、13是冷却水车外换热器、14是采暖用冷却水车内换热器、15是泵、16是四通阀、17是通气管、18是百叶窗。
本发明的权利要求1所述的车载空调机，是具有设置有利用制冷剂换热器冷却在第1级被压缩的制冷剂并将冷却后的制冷剂在第2级进一步压缩排出的2级压缩式压缩机以及设计成与车内空气进行热交换的蒸发器的制冷回路、设置有设计成与车内空气进行热交换并循环引擎的冷却水的采暖用冷却水车内换热器的冷却水回路、以及控制车内空气是否通过前述蒸发器以及/或者采暖用冷却水车内换热器的风道的风门装置，该车载空调机，因为设计使前述制冷剂换热器与车内空气进行热交换，并与前述采暖用冷却水车内换热器一同都可用于车内加热用，所以，即使是以电和汽油为能源的混合式车辆、和可怠速停车式车辆或只以电为能源的电池车辆等废热量少的汽车，也可以降低驱动前述2级压缩式压缩机的必需动力，降低制冷剂的温度的方式高效率运转，同时，例如在制冷时使通过前述制冷剂换热器以及采暖用冷却水车内换热器的空气不向车内输送而可进行充分的制冷，采暖时使通过前述气体冷却器、制冷剂换热器以及采暖用冷却水车内换热器的空气向车内输送而可进行充分的采暖，除湿时可将车内空气在前述制冷回路的蒸发器进行热交换除湿之后送到前述制冷剂换热器进行热交换并向车内输送空气而进行充分的除湿·空气调节等，具有可望提高采暖、制冷、除湿时的效率等显著的效果。本发明的权利要求2所述的车载空调机，因为制冷剂是CO2，所以，除具有与权利要求1所述的车载空调机同样的效果之外，还具有环境负荷少，没有对臭氧层的破坏性、可燃性和毒性，并且其地球温暖化系数(GWP)为1，对环境影响很小，而且经济等显著效果。
产业上利用的可能性
使用例如CO2制冷剂，搭载具有由电力驱动的2级压缩式压缩机的制冷回路进行制冷，同时，设计使冷却在第1级被压缩的制冷剂的制冷剂换热器与车内空气进行热交换，而且还将用于冷却引擎的冷却水的热一起用于适当的加热上，解决了过去的问题，即使是在以电和汽油为能源的混合车辆、和可怠速停车式车辆或只以电为能源的电池车辆等废热量少的汽车上，也可有效进行采暖、制冷、除湿等，因此，其产业上的利用价值是非常大的。

Claims (2)

1.一种车载空调机，其具有设有利用制冷剂换热器冷却在第1级被压缩的制冷剂并将冷却后的制冷剂在第2级进一步压缩排出的2级压缩式压缩机以及设有与车内空气进行热交换的蒸发器的制冷回路、具有设有与车内空气进行热交换并循环引擎的冷却水的采暖用冷却水车内换热器的冷却水回路、以及控制车内空气是否通过前述蒸发器以及/或者采暖用冷却水车内换热器的风道的风门装置，其特征在于：其设计成使前述制冷剂换热器与车内空气进行热交换，并与前述采暖用冷却水车内换热器一同都可用于车内加热用。
2.如权利要求1所述的车载空调机，其特征在于：所述制冷剂是CO2。
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CN101823417A (zh) * 2010-04-20 2010-09-08 杭州电子科技大学 汽车驾驶室快速制冷系统
CN101823417B (zh) * 2010-04-20 2011-09-14 杭州电子科技大学 汽车驾驶室快速制冷系统
CN107249912A (zh) * 2015-02-24 2017-10-13 株式会社电装 车辆用空调装置
CN107249912B (zh) * 2015-02-24 2019-08-06 株式会社电装 车辆用空调装置
CN107014038A (zh) * 2017-04-13 2017-08-04 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 一种空调器及控制方法
CN107014038B (zh) * 2017-04-13 2020-12-29 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 一种空调器及控制方法
CN108016241A (zh) * 2018-01-05 2018-05-11 泰铂（上海）环保科技股份有限公司 一种纯电动汽车热泵空调系统
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JP3600163B2 (ja) 2004-12-08
CN1280118C (zh) 2006-10-18
US6889512B2 (en) 2005-05-10
EP1273468B1 (en) 2005-05-25
DE60204261D1 (de) 2005-06-30
US20040007006A1 (en) 2004-01-15
EP1273468A4 (en) 2004-10-06

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