CN1450859B - 用环丙烯衍生物阻断植物乙烯反应的方法 - Google Patents
用环丙烯衍生物阻断植物乙烯反应的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1450859B CN1450859B CN00818602.2A CN00818602A CN1450859B CN 1450859 B CN1450859 B CN 1450859B CN 00818602 A CN00818602 A CN 00818602A CN 1450859 B CN1450859 B CN 1450859B
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- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
- A01N3/02—Keeping cut flowers fresh chemically
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical at least one of the bonds to hetero atoms is to nitrogen
- A01N35/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical at least one of the bonds to hetero atoms is to nitrogen containing a carbon-to-nitrogen double bond
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
公开的是施用环丙烯衍生物及其组合物以阻断植物中的乙烯受体的方法。一种这样的方法包含向该植物施用某一有效乙烯反应抑制量的环丙烯衍生物或其组合物。也公开的是抑制植物中脱落的方法、抑制采摘水果成熟的方法、抑制采摘蔬菜成熟的方法、和延长切花寿命的方法。
Description
本发明是用美国农业部授与的基金号US-2786-96R之下的政府支持进行的。政府对本发明拥有某些权利。
发明领域
本发明一般地涉及阻断植物和植物材料的乙烯反应的方法,具体地涉及通过对植物施用环丙烯衍生物及其组合物来抑制各种乙烯反应包括成熟和降解的方法。
发明背景
乙烯已知会调节植物的各种各样生长现象。总体情况请参阅Fritz等人美国专利No.3,879,188。这种活性被理解为是经由植物中的特定乙烯受体实现的。除乙烯外,还有很多化合物会与这种受体相互作用:有一些像乙烯的作用;另一些会防止乙烯结合,从而抗衡其作用。
很多会阻断乙烯作用的化合物是通过与乙烯结合部位结合起到这种作用的,不幸的是,它们往往在为期若干小时内就从该结合部位扩散出去。见E.Sisler和C.Wood,Plant Growth Reg.7,181-191(1988)。这些化合物可以用来抗衡乙烯作用。然而,此类化合物的一个问题是,如果效果要持续不止少数几个小时,则暴露必须是连续的。
在生物学研究中,一直用光亲合力标记以一种永久方式标出结合部位:通常通过产生一种卡宾(carbene)或氮宾(nitrene)中间体。这样的中间体是非常活泼的,而且迅速且无差别地与很多东西反应。然而,一种已经结合的化合物多半会与该结合部位反应。在一项初步研究中,显示了反式环辛烯是乙烯结合的一种有效阻断剂。见E.Sisler等人,Plant Growth Reg.9,157-164(1990)。Sisler等人的美国专利5,100,462中公开用二偶氮环戊二烯及其衍生物解决植物的乙烯反应的方法。Sisler等人的美国专利No.5,518,988公开了有一个C1-C4 烷基基团的环丙烯用来阻断乙烯作用的用途。
虽然有这些努力,但技术上仍然需要改进的植物成熟与降解调节。
发明概要
在此公开了植物中乙烯反应(ethylene response)的抑制方法。按照本发明,一种这样的方法包含对该植物施用有效乙烯反应抑制量的一种在此进一步详细描述的环丙烯衍生物或其组合物。如以下所述,长链环丙烯衍生物是最优选的。
本发明的另一个方面是通过对该植物施用有效乙烯受体阻断量的一种环丙烯衍生物或其组合物来阻断植物中乙烯受体的方法。
也公开了一种抑制植物中脱落的方法,包含对该植物施用有效脱落抑制量的一种环丙烯衍生物或其组合物。
也公开了一种延长切花寿命的方法,包含对该切花施用有效寿命延长量的一种环丙烯衍生物或其组合物。
也公开了一种抑制采摘水果成熟的方法,包含对该采摘水果施用有效抑制量的一种环丙烯衍生物或其组合物。
也公开了一种抑制采摘蔬菜成熟的方法,包含向该采摘蔬菜施用有效抑制量的一种环丙烯衍生物或其组合物。
这里所描述的方法可以用许多适用方式进行,例如,使该植物接触一种环丙烯衍生物或其组合物,无论呈固体、液体、或气体形式,或将该植物、切花、采摘水果或采摘蔬菜导入一种注入了环丙烯衍生物或其组合物的气氛中。这些及其它适用的施用方法在以下详细讨论。
也公开了这里所描述的一种环丙烯衍生物用于制备一种供实施以上所述任何一种方法的农用组合物的用途。
本发明详细说明
可以用来实施本发明的环丙烯衍生物由式I定义:
式中
n是一个1~4的数、优选n是1或2、最优选n是1;
R是一个饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、无取代或有取代的C6~C20烷基、链烯基、或链炔基。
在其它实施方案中,可以用来实施本发明的环丙烯衍生物由式II定义:
式中
n是一个1~4的数、优选n是1或2、最优选n是1;
R是一个饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、无取代或有取代的C5烷基、链烯基、或链炔基。
这里使用的“烷基”、“链烯基”、和“链炔基”这些术语系指直链或支链的烷基、链烯基或链炔基取代基。这些术语应当广义地加以解读,而且可以包括这样的化合物,其中,一个或多个R基团中的一个或多个碳代之以一种基团,例如酯基、腈基、胺基、胺盐、酸、酸盐、酸的酯、羟基、卤素基团、和选自由氧和氮组成的一组中的杂原子,或其中这样的链包括卤素、氨基、烷氧基、羧基、烷氧羰基、氧羰烷基、或羟基取代基。因此,所得到的R基团可以含有例如羟基、醚、酮、醛、酯、酸、酸盐、胺、胺盐、酰胺、肟、腈、和卤素基团。
可以用来实施本发明的环丙烯衍生物可以用熟悉本门技术的人员已知的各种方法制备。例如,一种溴烯烃与二溴卡宾的反应给出一种三溴环丙烷,后者可以用如所示的甲基锂或其它有机锂化合物转化成环丙烯(见Baird,M.S.;Hussain,H.H.;Nethercott,W.;J.Chem.Soc.PerkinTrans.1,1986,1845-1854和Baird,M.S.;Fitton,H.L.;Clegg,W.;McCamley,A.;J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1,1993,321-326)。
该溴烯烃可以用标准方法制备。
此外,有3,3-取代的环丙烯可以用N.I.Yakushkina和I.G.Bolesov在“作为立体筛选环丙烯类的合成方法的一卤代环丙烷的脱卤化氢”〔Russian J.of Organic Chem.15:853-59(1979)〕中所述的方法制备。进而,有1,1-二取代的烯烃也可以与二溴卡宾反应,给出一种二溴代中间体。这可以用锌还原,给出该一溴代环丙烷。该溴化物用碱消除,给出该环丙烯(见Binger,P.;Synthesis 1974,190)。
环丙烯可以用一种强碱例如氨化钠在液氨中脱质子,再用一种烷基卤或其它烷基化剂烷基化,给出一种有取代的环丙烯(参照:Schipperijn,A.J.;Smael,P.;Recl.Trav.Chim.Pays-Bas,1973,92,1159)。从该环丙烯或通过该三溴环丙烷与一种烷基锂反应而产生的有取代环丙烯的锂盐可以进行烷基化而给出新的环丙烯衍生物。
按照本发明的化合物也可以从一种丙二酸盐衍生物得到,如以下所示。
苹婆酸甲酯是用Gensler等人的程序生成的(Gensler,W.J,;Floyd,M.B,;Yanase,R,;Pober,K.W,;J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1970,92,2472)。
一种偶氮化合物对一种乙炔的加成是另一种可以用来合成环丙烯的方法(Mueller,P.;Cranisher,C.;Helv.Chim.Acta 1993,76,521)。替而代之,可以用市售重氮乙酸乙酯加成到该乙炔上,给出以下化合物:
式中R″′是乙基。这种化合物可以水解成羧酸,并与草酰氯反应,给出该酰氯。然后,该酰氯可以与一种醇反应,给出该酯。在以上合成路线中,R1-R4同以上对R的描述。
包含以上所述式(I)定义的化合物的农用组合物也被本发明所涵盖。优选,该组合物中本发明的活性化合物的含量在0.005、5、10、20或30%重量的下限与70、80、90、95或99%重量的上限之间。这些组合物可以任选地包括农用组合物中典型地存在的各种添加剂,包括但不限于载体、佐药、润湿剂等。
许多有机溶剂可以用来作为本发明的活性化合物的载体,例如,烃类如己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、煤油、柴油、燃料油和石脑油,酮类如丙酮、甲乙酮和环己酮,氯代烃类如四氯化碳,酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸戊酯和乙酸丁酯,醚类如乙二醇-甲醚和二甘醇-甲醚,醇类如乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、戊醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇-丁醚乙酸酯和甘油。
水和有机溶剂的混合物,或者呈溶液状或者呈乳液状,也可以用来作为该活性化合物的惰性载体。
本发明的活性化合物也可以包括佐药或载体,例如滑石、叶蜡石、合成微细硅石、美国活性白土(attaclay)、硅藻土(kieselguhr)、白垩、硅藻土(diatomaceous earth)、石灰、碳酸钙、膨润土、漂白土、棉子壳、小麦粉、大豆粉浮石、硅藻土(tripoli)、木粉、核桃壳粉、红木粉和木质素。
可能理想的是将一种润湿剂掺入本发明的组合物中。这样的润湿剂既可以用于固体组合物也可以用于液体组合物。该润湿剂在特征上可以是阴离子型、阳离子型的或非离子型的。
润湿剂的典型类别包括烷基磺酸盐、烷芳基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸酯盐、烷基酰胺磺酸盐、烷芳基聚醚醇类、多元醇的脂肪酸酯和此类酯的烯化氧加成产物、以及长链硫醇与烯化氧的加成产物。此类润湿剂的典型实例包括烷基基团上有10~18个碳原子的烷基苯磺酸钠,烷基苯酚-环氧乙烷缩合产物例如缩合了10个环氧乙烷单元的对异辛基苯酚,皂类例如硬脂酸钠和油酸钾,丙基萘磺酸的钠盐,磺基琥珀酸-钠二(2-乙基己酯),月桂基硫酸酯钠,椰子脂肪酸磺化甘油单酯的钠盐,脱水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯,氯化月桂基三甲铵,氯化十八烷基三甲铵,聚乙二醇月桂醚,脂肪酸和松香酸的聚乙二醇酯(例如 7和13,可购自伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的Akzo Nobel化学公司),N-甲基-N-油基牛磺酸钠,土耳其红油,二丁基萘磺酸钠,木质素磺酸钠( N,可购自威斯康星州罗瑟采尔德市Ligno TechUSA公司),硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,叔十二烷基聚乙二醇硫醚,长链环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷缩合产物(例如, 61(分子量1,000),可购自新泽西州芒特奥利弗市巴斯夫公司),松浆油脂肪酸的聚乙二醇酯,辛基苯氧乙氧乙基硫酸酯钠,聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇-月桂酸酯( 20,可购自特拉华州威尔明顿的ICIAmericas公司),三(聚氧乙烯)脱水山梨糖醇-硬脂酸酯( 60,可购自特拉华州威尔明顿的ICI Americas公司),和磺基琥珀酸-钠二己酯。
固体、液体、和气体配方可以用各种惯常程序制备。因此,该有效成分-若是一种固体则呈微细粉碎形式-可以与微细粉碎固体载体 一起碾轧。替而代之,呈液体形式的有效成分,包括其混合物、溶液、分散液、乳液和悬浮液,可以与微细粉碎形式的固体载体混合。进而,呈固体形式的有效成分可以与一种液体载体混合,以形成一种混合物、溶液、分散液、乳液、悬浮液等。
本发明的活性化合物可以用各种适用手段施用到植物中。例如,一种活性化合物可以单独呈气体、液体、或固体形式施用,使该化合物与要处理的植株接触。此外,该活性化合物可以转化成盐形式,然后施用到植株上。替而代之,还可以形成含有本发明的一种或多种活性化合物的组合物。这些组合物可以以气体、液体、或固体形式施用,使该组合物与要处理的植株接触。这样的组合物可以包括一种惰性载体。适用的固体载体包括粉尘。类似地,当呈气体形式时,该化合物可以分散于一种惰性气体载体中,以提供一种气态溶液。该活性化合物也可以悬浮于一种可以充当该惰性载体的液体溶液例如一种有机溶剂或一种水溶液中。含有该活性化合物的溶液可以是非均相的也可以是均相的,而且可以呈各种形式,包括混合物、分散液、乳液、悬浮液等。
该活性化合物及其混合物也可以作为气雾剂施用,例如,通过使用一种压缩气体例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯一氟甲烷及其它氟里昂使其分散于空气中。
“植物”这一术语在此是在一般意义上使用的,包括有木质主干的植物例如乔木和灌木。要用这里所述方法处理的植物包括整个植株及其任何部分,例如大田作物、盆栽植物、切花(干和花)、以及收获的水果和蔬菜。
用该化合物和用本发明方法处理的植物,优选是用某一非植物毒性量的该活性化合物处理的。
本发明可以用来改变各种各样的不同乙烯反应(ethyleneresponse)。乙烯反应既可以由外生的也可以由内生的乙烯源引发。乙烯反应包括,例如,花卉、水果和蔬菜的成熟和/或衰老,叶子、花卉和水果的脱落,装饰性植物例如盆栽植物、切花、灌木丛、种子、和冬眠苗木的寿命缩短,在一些植物(例如豌豆)中抑制生长,而在另一些植物(例如水稻)中则刺激生长。本发明活性化合物可以抑制的另一些乙烯反应或乙烯型反应包括但不限于茁长素活性、末端生长抑 制、顶端优势控制、分枝增加、分蘖增加、改变植物的生物化学组成(例如,相对于干面积而言,增加了叶面积),开花和种子发育的流产或抑制,倒伏效应,刺激种子发芽和打破休眠,以及激素和偏上性效应。
按照本发明实施方案的方法能抑制蔬菜的成熟和/或衰老。如本文中使用的,“蔬菜成熟”包括仍在产生该蔬菜的植株上的蔬菜成熟和从产生该蔬菜的植株上采摘下来之后的蔬菜成熟。可以按照本发明方法处理以抑制其成熟和/或衰老的蔬菜包括叶类绿色蔬菜例如莴苣(如Lactuca sativa)、菠菜(Spinaca oleracea)、和卷心菜(Brassicaoleracea),各种根类例如马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)和胡萝卜(Daucus),鳞茎类例如葱属(Allium sp.)。草类例如罗勒属(Ocimumbasilicum)、牛至属(Origanum vulgare)、莳萝(Anethum grsveolens),以及大豆(Glycine max)、利马豆(Phaseolus limensis)、豌豆(Lathyrusspp.)、玉米(Zea mays)、花茎、甘蓝(Brassica oleracea italica)、花椰菜(Brassica oleracea botrylis)、和石刁柏(Asparagusofficinalis)。
按照本发明实施方案的方法能抑制水果成熟。如本文中使用的。“水果成熟”包括仍在挂果植株上的水果成熟和从该挂果植株上采摘下来之后的水果成熟。可以按照本发明方法处理以抑制其成熟的水果包括番茄(Lycopersieon esculentum)、苹果(Malus domestica)、香蕉(Musa sapientum)、梨(Pyrus communis)、番木瓜(Caricapapaya)、芒果(Mangifera indica)、桃(Prunus persica)、杏(Prunusarmeniaca)、蜜桃(Prunus persica nectarina)、桔子(Citrus sp.)、柠檬(Citrus limonia)、酸橙(Citrus aurantifolia)、葡萄柚(Citrusparadisi)、柑桔(Citrus nobilis deliciosa)、猕猴桃(Actinidiachinenus)、甜瓜例如罗马甜瓜(C.cantalupensis)和甜瓜(Cucumismelo)、凤梨(波萝)(Aranas comosus)、柿子(Diospyros sp.),各种小水果包括浆果例如草莓(Fragaria)、乌饭(Vaccinium sp.)和悬钩子(例如Rubus ursinus)、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)、黄瓜属的成员例如黄瓜(Cucumis sativus),和鳄梨(Persea americana)。
可以按照本发明方法处理以抑制其衰老和/或延长花寿命与外观(例如推迟萎蔫)的装饰性植物包括盆栽装饰性植物和切花。可以按 照本发明处理的盆栽装饰性植物和切花包括杜鹃花(Rhododendronspp.)、绣球花属(Macrophylla hydrangea)、朱槿(Hibiscusrosasanensis)、金鱼草属(Antirrhinum sp.)、一品红(Euphorbiapulcherima)、仙人掌(例如Cactaceae schlumbergera truncata)、秋海棠(Begonia sp.)、蔷薇属(Rosa spp.)、郁金香属(Tulipa sp.)、水仙属(Narcissus spp.)、矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)、麝香石竹(康耐馨)(Dianthus caryophyllus)、百合属(例如Lilium sp.)、唐菖蒲属(Gladiolus sp.)、巴西六出花(Alstroemeria brasiliensis)、银莲花属(例如Anemone blanda)、耧斗菜属(Aquilegia sp.)、
木属(例如Aralia chinensis)、紫菀属(例如Aster carolinianus)、九重葛属(Bougainvillea sp.)、山茶属(Camellia sp.)、风铃草属(Campanula sp.)、青葙属(Celosia sp.)、扁柏属(Chamaecyparissp.)、菊属(Chrysanthemum sp.)、铁线莲属(Clematis sp.)、仙客来属(Cyclamen sp.)、小苍兰属(例如Freesia refracta)、和兰科的兰花。
可以按照本发明方法处理以抑制叶、花和果的脱落的植物包括棉花(Gossypium spp.)、苹果、梨、欧洲甜樱桃(Prunus avium)、美洲山核桃(皮甘)(Carya illinoensis)、葡萄(Vitis vinifera)、齐墩果属(例如Vitis vinfera和Olea europaea)、咖啡(Coffeaarabica)、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)、和垂叶榕(ficus benjamina)以及休眠苗木例如各种果树包括苹果、装饰性植物、灌木丛、和树苗。此外,可以按照本发明处理以抑制其落叶的灌木丛包括女贞属(Ligustrum,sp.)、石南属(Photinia sp.)、冬青属(Ilex sp.)、水龙骨科的蕨类、五加科的灌木(Schefflera sp.)、亮丝草(Aglaonemasp.)、子属(Cotoneaster sp.)、小檗属(Berberis sp.)、杨梅属(Myrica sp.)、六道木属(Abelia sp.)、金合欢属(Acacia sp.)和凤梨科的凤梨。
本发明的活性化合物已经证明是乙烯对植物、水果和蔬菜的作用的意外强烈抑制剂,甚至当以低浓度施用时也是如此。除其它方面外,本发明的化合物可以导致比先有技术上找到的化合物更长的对乙烯不敏感期。甚至当本发明的化合物以比先有化合物低的浓度施用时,这种较长的不敏感期也可能发生。
在以下的非限制性实施例中,更详细地解释了本发明。在这些实施例中,μl系指微升;ml系指毫升;nl系指纳升;l系指升;cm系指厘米;且温度以摄氏度给出。
比较例A
短链环丙烯衍生物的活性
为了得到使香蕉免受333μl/l乙烯影响的最低浓度,把Sisler等人的美国专利No.5,518,988中所述的化合物按照本文中所述方法施用到香蕉上。把已知量的一种活性化合物作为一种气体注入一个盛放香蕉的3升广口瓶中。将该广口瓶密封,24小时后取出香蕉。在暴露结束时,该香蕉在一个3升广口瓶中用333μl/l乙烯处理12~15小时。然后,观察其成熟情况。其最低浓度就是保护香蕉免受333μl/l乙烯影响的最低浓度。通常认为10μl/l乙烯是一个饱和量。
为了得到保护时间,让香蕉对饱和量的该化合物暴露24小时(做法同上,并使用至少10倍于该最低保护量)。暴露后,将香蕉从该广口瓶中取出,每天让各个香蕉对333μl/l乙烯暴露12~15小时。把该香蕉对乙烯有反应的那一天记录为保护时间。结果列于表A中。
表A
Sisler等人的美国专利No.5,518,988中所述1-环丙烯类的最低浓度和不敏感时间
实施例1
本发明化合物:最低保护浓度
为了得到能保护香蕉免受333μl/l乙烯影响的最低浓度,将按照本发明的化合物按照本文中所述方法施用到香蕉上。将已知量的活性化合物放在一个3升广口瓶中的滤纸上,以便利蒸发成蒸气状态。这些化合物以乙醚溶液形式施用,因为使用量潜在地太少,除非它们呈溶液形式否则无法施用。乙醚量(约10μl/31)是当单独施用于在一个3升广口瓶中盛放的香蕉上时无作用的。将该广口瓶密封,香蕉在暴露4小时后取出。暴露结束时,该香蕉在一个3升广口瓶中用333μl/l乙烯处理12~15小时。然后观察其成熟情况。最低浓度就是保护该香蕉不受333μl/l乙烯影响的浓度。10μl/l乙烯通常被认为是一个饱和量。重复这个程序进行8小时、24小时和48小时处理时间,以确定在某一给定处理时间内提供免受333μl/l乙烯影响的保护所需要的本发明活性化 合物的最低浓度。结果列于表1中。
表1
本发明的1-丙烯类对香蕉果实的处理时间和最低浓度
实施例2
本发明化合物:保护时间
为了得到保护时间,让香蕉对饱和量的各该化合物暴露24小时(做法同以上实施例1中所述,且使用至少10倍于该最低保护量)。暴露后,将香蕉从广口瓶中取出,每天让各个香蕉对333μl/l乙烯暴露12~15小时。把香蕉对乙烯有反应的那一天记录为保护时间。结果列于表2中。
表2
本发明提供的1-环丙烯类的最低浓度和不敏感时间
实施例3~29
总而言之,环丙烯类全都在-80℃贮存。反应全都在氮气氛围下进行。环丙烯类的闪急色谱法是在氮气氛围下进行的。除非另有说明,否则目标化合物全都有80%或更高的纯度。
实施例3
二溴化N,N′-二苄基-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二铵和二溴化N,N′-二苄基-N,N,N′,N′-四乙基乙二铵的制备
向16.5g(142mmol)N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺的60g乙腈搅拌溶液中添加50.1g(292mmol)苄基溴。混合物本身温热,并使之能搅拌2.5小时,此时观察到大量沉淀。浆状物用二乙醚稀释、过滤、用二乙醚洗涤、干燥,得到61.8g所希望的二溴化N,N′-二苄基-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二铵,一种白色固体,mp 230-232℃。
以类似方式进行,使用N,N,N′,N′-四乙基乙二胺,得到了二溴化N,N′-二苄基-N,N,N′,N′-四乙基乙二铵,一种白色固体,mp 190-193℃,分解。
实施例4
1-己基环丙烯(化合物1)的制备
a.2-溴辛-1-烯
利用一种Firestone阀门,使9.42ml(0.0728mol)2,3-二溴丙烯的70ml二乙醚溶液置于一种氮气氛围下。边用冰水浴冷却,边经由加料漏斗徐徐添加0.091mol溴化戊基镁的70ml二乙醚溶液。在边温热到室温边搅拌2小时之后,随即经由注射器将50ml 1N盐酸添加到用冰水浴冷却的反应物中。所得到的混合物转移到一个分液漏斗中进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。在真空下除去滤液中的溶剂,得到15.0g(理论产量的85.7%)81%纯度的油状2-溴辛-1-烯。
b.1,1,2-三溴-2-己基环丙烷
向5.42g(0.0284mol)2-溴辛-1-烯的7.42ml(0.0851mol)溴仿与48.8ml二氯甲烷溶液中添加1.30g(0.00284mol)二溴化N,N′-二苄基-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二铵和12.1ml(0.142mol)45%氢氧化钾水溶液。该混合物在室温下放置5天。然后添加己烷和水。此混合物经由定性槽纹滤纸进行重力过滤。所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。在真空下除去滤液 中的溶剂,得到5.25g(理论产量的51.0%)油状1,1,2-三溴-2-己基环丙烷。
c.1-己基环丙烯
利用一个Firestone阀门,使1.01g(0.00278mol)l,1,2-三溴-2-己基环丙烷的4ml二乙醚溶液置于一种氮气氛围下。边用冰水浴冷却,边用注射器徐徐添加6.3ml(0.00835mol)1.4M甲基锂二乙醚溶液。15分钟后用注射器添加2ml水。所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。在20℃以下的浴温,在真空下脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到0.300g(理论产量的87%)油状、纯碎的1-己基环丙烯。
实施例5
3-辛基环丙烯(化合物2)的制备
用Millar等人的方法(Millar,J.G.;Underhill,E.W.;J.Org,Chem. 1986,51,4726)制备1-溴癸-1-烯。这种烯烃以一种与70%纯度1-己基环丙烯的制备类似的方式转化成3-辛基环丙烯。
实施例6
1-(7-甲氧基庚基)环丙烯(化合物3)的制备
从1,6-二溴己烷制备6-溴己基·甲基醚。向60℃的48.8g(200mmol)1,6-二溴己烷中添加44g(200mmol)25%甲醇钠甲醇溶液。反应混合物保持0.5小时,然后,再添加4g甲醇钠溶液,并将该反应混合物再保持一小时。添加己烷和水,有机相用食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱。真空分馏给出93%纯度6-溴己基·甲基醚。把这种溴化物转化成格利雅试剂,再以与溴化戊基镁转化成1-己基环丙烯相同的方式使其转化成1-(7-甲氧基庚基)环丙烯。
实施例7
1-(十一碳-5-炔基)环丙烯(化合物4)的制备
从1-氯癸-4-炔制备1-溴癸-4-炔。1-氯癸-4-炔(10.6g,61mmol)和25g溴化锂在80ml THF中回流21小时。转化率是74%。添加乙醚,反应混合物用水(2×)和食盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱。将产物溶解于70ml THF中,并与另外25g溴化锂一起回流8小时。这给出氯化物向溴化物的95%转化率。同样的反处理提供11.36g 1-溴癸-4-炔。
该1-溴癸-4-炔在THF中转化成格利雅试剂。该格利雅试剂以与溴化戊基镁转化成1-己基环丙烯相同的方式转化成1-(十一碳-5-炔基)环丙烯。
实施例8
1-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烯(化合物5)的制备
a.1-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-6-溴己烷
向80mg甲苯磺酸的40ml乙醚冷却溶液中,用各自独立的加料漏斗同时添加20g(110mmol)6-溴己醇和40ml乙基·乙烯醚。在需要1小时的进料期间,将该反应混合物的温度保持在7℃或更低。该反应混合物再搅拌20分钟,然后添加大约1ml三乙胺。该反应混合物用水和食盐水洗涤,用碳酸钾干燥、过滤、吹脱,给出25.7g浅黄色液体,不进一步精制就使用。
b.9-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-2-溴壬-1-烯
5.6g(230mmol)镁屑在100ml THF中的浆状物用少量1,2-二溴己烷处理。向反应混合物中徐徐添加1-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-6-溴己烷(38.5g,152mmol),把温度保持在40~50℃。添加结束时,将反应混合物保持20分钟,然后用导管转移到0℃的33.4g(167mmol)1,2-二溴丙-2-烯的25ml THF溶液中。反应混合物在0℃搅拌15分钟,然后在室温搅拌15分钟,然后用水终止反应。将反应混合物转移到分液漏斗中,添加少量1N HCl,进行相分离,醚相用水和食盐水洗涤,然后用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱,给出33.63g黄色液体,不进一步精制就使用。
c.1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烷
9-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-2-溴壬-1-烯(33.63g,115mmol)、4.1g二溴化N,N′-二苄基-N,N,N′,N′-四乙基乙二铵、42g 45%氢氧化钾(337mmol)、93g溴仿(368mmol)和280g二氯甲烷的混合物在室温下快速搅拌2天。当该反应失速时,将反应混合物转移到分液漏斗中,用水洗涤。将二氯甲烷相转移到一个烧瓶中,用相同数量的相转移催化剂和45%氢氧化钾处理,然后在室温下又搅拌3天。反应混合物用水洗涤,二氯甲烷相用硫酸镁干燥、然后吹脱。产物用320ml甲醇和40ml 1N HCl在室温下处理1小时。将甲醇吹脱,添加乙酸乙酯。有机相用水和食盐水洗涤,然后用200ml硅胶处理。过 滤、随后吹脱,给出38g黑色产物。此产物用硅胶色谱精制,给出19.0g浅黄色液体状1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烷。
d.1-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烯
1.0g 1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烷(2.5mmol)的25ml乙醚溶液在-78℃用7.2ml甲基锂(1.4M,10mmol)处理。5分钟后,让反应混合物回升到0℃并保持在这个温度。反应用饱和氯化铵终止。反应混合物用水和食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、过滤和吹脱,给出240mg1-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烯(90%纯度)。
实施例9
1-(7-乙酰氧基庚基)环丙烯(化合物6)的制备
2.5mmol 1-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烯的5ml乙醚溶液用冰浴水冷却。添加三乙胺(0.44ml)和0.21g(2.7mmol)乙酰氯,反应混合物在5℃搅拌1小时。再添加乙酰氯(0.11g)、乙醚和三乙胺,反应物在5℃搅拌直至GC分析指出95%转化率。反应物进行后处理,即添加更多的乙醚,有机相用水、稀HCl溶液(稀的1M HCl水溶液)、碳酸钾溶液(2×)、水和食盐水洗涤。乙醚相用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱。添加己烷,反应物再次吹脱,给出1-(7-乙酰氧基庚基)环丙烯。
实施例10
7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸(化合物7)的制备
a.7-(1,1,2-三溴环丙基)庚酸
把1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烷(0.90g,2.3mmol)溶解在60ml冰乙酸中。添加1.0g(10mmol)三氧化铬溶解于14ml 90%乙酸水溶液中的溶液,反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。加水(300ml)。溶液用乙醚萃取。乙醚相用1N NaOH溶液萃取3次。添加少许亚硫酸氢钠。该水萃取物用6N HCl酸化,用乙醚萃取2次。乙醚萃取物用食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱,给出0.56g 7-(1,1,2-三溴环丙基)庚酸。
b.7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸
把1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-羧基庚基)环丙烷(1.28g,3.1mmol)溶解在60ml乙醚中,冷却到-78℃。添加甲基锂(9.0ml,12.6mmol),反应物在-78℃搅拌2小时。反应混合物在冰浴中放置5分钟,然后再冷却到-78℃直至后处理。将水添加到该反应混合物中,使其回升 到室温。将水相分离,乙醚相用1N NaOH溶液萃取3次。合并的水萃取物用HCl水溶液酸化,用乙醚萃取3次。乙醚萃取物用食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱,给出300mg 7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸。
实施例11
7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸异丙胺盐(化合物8)的制备
7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸乙酯的5ml乙醚溶液在室温下用0.1g异丙胺处理。将溶剂吹脱,给出40mg 7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸异丙胺盐。
实施例12
7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸乙酯(化合物9)的制备
把220mg(1.3mmol)1-(7-羧基庚基)环丙烯的乙醚溶液冷却到0℃。添加三乙胺(0.20g,2mmol),然后添加0.12g(1.3mmol)氯甲酸甲酯。在0℃2小时后,将反应混合物转移到分液漏斗中。乙醚相用水(2×)和食盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱。将产物溶于乙醇中,用冰浴冷却,再用1ml 21%乙醇钠乙醇溶液处理。反应混合物搅拌1/2小时,然后添加水和乙醚。乙醚相用1N NaOH溶液、水和食盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱,给出10mg 75%纯度7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸乙酯。
实施例13
1-(7-氰基庚基)环丙烯(化合物10)的制备
a.1-(7-甲磺酰氧基庚基)环丙烯
3.8mmol 1-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烯的50ml乙醚溶液用冰浴冷却。添加三乙胺(1ml)和0.48g甲磺酰氯(4.2mmol)反应混合物在0℃搅拌2 1/2小时。反应混合物用水和食盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱,给出1-(7-甲磺酰氧基庚基)环丙烯,无需进一步精制就使用。
b.1-(7-氰基庚基)环丙烯
把上述反应得到的粗产品溶解在5ml DMSO中,用0.99g(15mmol)氰化钾处理。在室温下6.5小时之后,反应完全率72%。添加乙醚和水。水相用更多的乙醚洗涤。合并的有机相用水(2×)和食盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱。产物用硅胶色谱法迅速精制,给出190mg 1-(7-氰基庚基)环丙烯,呈无色液体状,>95%纯度。
实施例14
1-(7-N,N-二乙基氨基庚基)环丙烯(化合物11)的制备
a.1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-N,N-二乙基氨基庚基)环丙烷
1.5g 1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烷(3.8mmol)的10ml乙醚溶液用冰浴冷却,并用0.77g(6mmol)二异丙基乙胺处理。滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(1.18g,4.2mmol),反应物在0℃搅拌1/2小时。添加过量二乙胺(约4ml),反应物搅拌过夜。反应混合物用水终止反应并转移到分液漏斗中。添加少量1N NaOH。将水相分离,有机相再用水洗涤两次,然后用1N HCl萃取3次。酸性洗涤液用氢氧化钠水溶液处理使之变成碱性,再用乙醚萃取3次。该乙醚用食盐水洗涤、用碳酸钾干燥、吹脱。产物用Florisil进行色谱法精制,给出1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-N,N-二乙基氨基庚基)环丙烷。
b.1-(7-N,N-二乙基氨基庚基)环丙烯
向1.0g(2.4mmol)1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-N,N-二甲基氨基庚基)环丙烷的25ml THF溶液中,在-78℃,添加4.55ml(1.6M,7.3mmol)n-BuLi。反应混合物搅拌1/2小时,然后用甲醇终止反应。让反应混合物回升到室温。添加乙醚,有机相用水(3×)和食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、过滤。该溶液在旋转蒸发器上吹脱而不加热。用移液管添加少量甲苯,该样品再次吹脱,给出1-(7-N,N-二乙基氨基庚基)环丙烯。
实施例15
1-(7-N,N-二乙基氨基庚基)环丙烯乙酸盐(化合物12)的制备
1-(7-N,N-二乙基氨基庚基)环丙烯的乙醚溶液用乙酸处理。脱除溶剂,给出该盐。
实施例16
碘化1-(7-N,N,N-二乙基甲铵基庚基)环丙烯(化合物13)的制备
大约1.6mmol 1-(7-N,N-二乙基氨基庚基)环丙烯和过量碘甲烷(大约1/2ml)在5ml乙腈中的混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。反应混合物吹脱,给出300mg碘化1-(7-N,N,N-二乙基甲铵基庚基) 环丙烯。
实施例17
1-己氧甲基环丙烯(化合物14)的制备
a.2-溴-3-己氧基丙烯的制备
向一个配备加料漏斗和架空搅拌器的圆底三口烧瓶中添加35ml己烷、42g 50%氢氧化钠和0.50g溴化四正丁铵。用20分钟时间向充分搅拌的反应混合物中添加6.74g己醇(66mmol)与20g(100mmol)2,3-二溴丙烯的混合物。该反应物再搅拌1小、时,然后加水,进行相分离。该有机相用水和食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱。产物在减压下进行分馏,给出6.1g 95%纯度2-溴-3-己氧基丙烯。
b.1,1,2-三溴-2-(己氧甲基)环丙烷
5.9g 2-溴-3-己氧基丙烯(26.7mmol)、2.05g二溴化N,N′-二苄基-1,2-二(二乙铵基)乙烷、10.5g 45%氢氧化钾(84mmol)、23.3g溴仿(92mmol)和70g二氯甲烷的混合物在室温下快速搅拌2天。当反应失速时,将反应混合物转移到分液漏斗中,用水洗涤。将二氯甲烷相转移到一个烧瓶中,用等量的相转移催化剂和45%氢氧化钾处理,然后在室温下再搅拌3天。这一后处理-再加料顺序再重复一次,该反应物在室温下再搅拌一天。反应混合物用水洗涤,二氯甲烷相用硫酸镁干燥,然后吹脱。产物用硅胶色谱法精制、以20%乙酸乙酯/80%己烷洗涤,给出1.35g 87%纯度1,1,2-三溴-2-(己氧甲基)环丙烷。
c.1-己氧甲基环丙烯
1.15g 1,1,2-三溴-2-(己氧甲基)环丙烷(2.9mmol)的6ml乙醚溶液在-78℃用1.4ml甲基锂(1.4M,8.8mmol)处理。5分钟后,让反应混合物回升到0℃,并保持在这一温度。该反应用饱和氯化铵终止。反应混合物用水和食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱,给出320mg 1-己氧甲基环丙烯,呈深黄色液体状。
实施例18
1-戊氧乙基环丙烯(化合物15)的制备
a.2-溴-4-戊氧基丁烯的制备
向配备加料漏斗和架空搅拌器的圆底三口烧瓶中添加35ml己烷、42g 50%氢氧化钠、和0.50g溴化四正丁铵。向充分搅拌的反应混合 物中添加10g 2-溴丁烯-4-醇(66mmol)与15g(100mmol)2,3-二溴丙烯的混合物。当添加完成时,使该反应混合物温热1小时,然后加水,并进行相分离。有机相用水和食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、过滤和吹脱。用色谱柱处理(硅胶,20%乙酸乙酯/80%己烷),给出70%纯度的产物。通过减压蒸馏除去更易挥发的物质,釜中留下的物质是1.63g 99%纯度的2-溴-4-戊氧基丁烯。
这种烯烃按照与使2-溴-3-己氧基丙烯转化成1-己氧甲基环丙烯相同的方式转化成1-戊氧乙基环丙烯。
实施例19
3,3-二戊基环丙烯(化合物16)的制备
a.2-戊基庚-1-烯
向一个事先通过使用一种Firestone阀门而置于氮气氛围下的500ml三口圆底烧瓶中添加8.50g(0.0759mol)叔丁醇钾和27.2g(0.0762mol)溴化甲基三苯以及200ml四氢呋喃。在室温下搅拌4小时后,添加12.0ml(0.0849mol)6-十一烷酮。3天后,将反应混合物倾入200ml 10%重量/体积氯化铵水溶液。所得到的混合物转移到一个分液漏斗中,用己烷萃取两次,进行相分离。合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。减压下脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到18.5g橙色固体。此物在125ml二乙醚中调成浆状物,经定性槽式滤纸重力过滤、用另外125ml二乙醚漂洗。减压下脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到12.7g橙色油状物。这种残留物用柱色谱法精制,以己烷洗脱,给出6.79g(理论产量的47.5%)油状2-戊基庚-1-烯。
b.2,2-二溴-1,1-二戊基环丙烷
向4.16g(0.0247mol)2-戊基庚-1-烯的31ml戊烷溶液中添加4.95g(0.0441mol)叔丁醇钾。边使所得到的混合物冷却到5℃的内温,边经由加料漏斗徐徐添加4.01ml(0.0459mol)溴仿。让反应混合物自然回升到室温,并放置过夜。向该反应混合物中添加25ml水、然后添加36ml 1N盐酸。把所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。减压下脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到7.00g(理论产量的83.4%)油状2,2-二溴-1,1-二戊基环丙烷。
c.2-溴-1,1-二戊基环丙烷
向4.00g(0.0118mol)2,2-二溴-1,1-二戊基环丙烷的11ml甲 醇溶液中添加0.744ml(0.0129mol)冰乙酸和0.766g(0.0118mol)锌粉。2小时后,向该混合物中添加0.744ml冰乙酸和0.766g锌粉。又2小时后,减压下脱除该反应混合物中的溶剂。所得到的残留物先用己烷然后用二乙醚从水中萃取。合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。减压下脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到2.1g(理论值的68.2%)油状2-溴-1,1-二戊基环丙烷与1,1-二戊基环丙烷的等量混合物。
d.3,3-二戊基环丙烯
向1.90g 2-溴-1,1-二戊基环丙烷与1,1-二戊基环丙烷的等量混合物的10ml二甲基亚砜溶液中添加0.818g(0.00308mol)叔丁醇钾。所得到的混合物在5小时内加热到85℃,然后在室温下搅拌16小时。向其中添加0.100g叔丁醇钾。所得到的混合物在2小时内加热到85℃,然后冷却到室温。将反应混合物倾入水中,然后用二乙醚萃取。所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。减压下脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到1.90g油状的与1,1-二戊基环丙烷等份额混合的3,3-二戊基环丙烯。
实施例20
1-戊-2-烯基-2-戊基环丙烯(化合物17)的制备
1.00g(0.00287mol)1,1,2-三溴-2-戊基环丙烷的4ml四氢呋喃溶液经由一个Firestone阀门置于氮气的惰性氛围下。向这种用冰水浴冷却的混合物中,经由注射器添加3.58ml(0.00861mol)1.6M正丁基锂/己烷溶液。30分钟后,用注射器添加0.432ml(0.00287mol)四甲基乙二胺和0.339ml(0.00287mol)1-溴-2-戊烯。反应物边搅拌1小时边回升到室温,然后在室温搅拌3小时。向所得到的混合物中添加2ml水。此残留物用二乙醚萃取。所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。减压下脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到0.200g(理论值的39.1%)油状1-戊-2-烯基-2-戊基环丙烯。
实施例21
1-戊-2-烯基-3,3-二戊基环丙烯(化合物18)的制备
0.450g 3,3-二戊基环丙烯与1,1-二戊基环丙烷的1∶1混合物在2ml四氢呋喃以及0.070ml(0.000500mol)二异丙胺中的溶液经由一个Firestone阀门置于氮气的惰性氛围下。向这种用冰水浴冷却的混 合物中,经由注射器添加1.72ml(0.00275mol)1.6M正丁基锂/己烷溶液。1小时后,经由注射器分别添加0.478ml六甲基磷三酰胺和0.325ml1-溴-2-戊烯。让反应混合物回升到室温,并搅拌2天。通过用注射器添加2ml水使反应终止。此残留物用二乙醚萃取。所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。减压下脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到0.280g油状1-戊-2-烯基-3,3-二戊基环丙烯与1,1-二戊基环丙烷的1∶1混合物。
实施例22
1-(辛-7-烯基)环丙烯(化合物19)的制备
按照以下参考文献制备环丙烯:Binger,P.;Wedemann,P.;Goddard,R.;Brinker,U.;J.Org.Chem.,1996,61,6462。
通过使5g 8-溴辛-1-烯(26mmol)和10g碘化钠在50ml丙酮中回流1小时,制备了8-碘辛-1-烯。将丙酮吹脱,使残留物在水与乙醚之间分配。乙醚相用食盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱,给出5.66g 8-碘辛-1-烯。
将0.43g(11mmol)叠氮化钠在大约15ml氨中的混合物冷却到-78℃。把环丙烯在氨中的冷溶液(1∶1,0.85g.10mmol)倾入该反应混合物中。该反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1/2小时,使之在短时间内回升到氨沸点,然后再冷却到-78℃。用注射器添加8-碘辛-1-烯(1.2g,5mmol),让反应混合物升温以回流1/2小时。添加少数几ml乙醇。边徐徐添加乙醚(25ml),边让反应混合物中的氨蒸出。反应混合物用水、0.5M HCl(2×)、水和食盐水洗涤。用MgSO4干燥、过滤、吹脱。产物用硅胶色谱法精制,用己烷作为洗脱剂。得到10mg 67%纯度1-(辛-7-烯基)环丙烯的样品。
实施例23
4-(1-环丙烯基)-2-甲基丁-2-醇(化合物20)的制备
a.4-溴戊-4-烯酸乙酯
这种酯是用Mori,JOC,1983,48,4062的方法制备的。
b.3-(1,2,2-三溴环丙基)丙酸乙酯
向12.12g(58mmol)4-溴戊-4-烯酸乙酯和51g(202mmol)溴仿以及100g二氯甲烷组成的溶液中添加2.0g二溴化N,N′-二苄基-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二铵和27.1g(218mmol)45%氢氧化钾水溶 液。反应混合物快速搅拌4天。所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。减压下脱除所分离有机层中的溶剂。此残留物用己烷从水中萃取出来。所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。减压下脱除滤液中的溶剂。此残留物用柱色谱法精制,以10%二乙醚/己烷洗脱,得到14.6g(理论值的66.3%)3-(1,2,2-三溴环丙基)丙酸乙酯。
c.4-(1-环丙烯基)-2-甲基丁-2-醇
1.08g(0.00285mol)3-(1,2,2-三溴环丙基)丙酸乙酯在4ml二乙醚中的溶液通过使用一种Firestone阀门置于氮气氛围下。边用冰水浴冷却,边用注射器徐徐添加10.2ml(0.0142mo1)1.4M甲基锂/二乙醚溶液。15分钟后,经由注射器添加2ml水。所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤。在减压下,并将浴温保持在20℃以下,脱除滤液中的溶剂,得到0.380g 75%纯度(其余为二乙醚,对乙醚修正的理论产率的79%)的油状4-(1-环丙烯基)-2-甲基丁-2-醇。产品保存于-80℃。
实施例24
苹婆酸甲酯(化合物21)的制备
苹婆酸甲酯(40%纯度)是按照Gensler等人的程序生成的(Gensler,W.J.;Floyd,M.B.;Yanase,R,;Pober,K.W.;J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1970,92,2472)。
实施例25
2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸己-5-炔酯(化合物22)的制备
a.2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸乙酯
2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸乙酯是按照Mueller,P,;Pautex,N.;Helv.Chim.Acta 1990,73,1233的方法从1-癸炔和重氮基乙酸乙酯制备的。
b.2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸
2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸乙酯(1.12g,5mmol)和100ml0.2N氢氧化钾在室温下搅拌一周。添加乙醚,进行相分离。将水相酸化,用二氯甲烷萃取。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱,给出0.8g 2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸。
c.2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羰基氯
2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸(350mg,1.8mmol)的乙醚溶液在室温下用0.45g(3.5mmol)草酰氯处理。反应混合物搅拌1小时,然后吹脱,给出330mg 2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羰基氯。
d.2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸己-5-炔酯
向2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羰基氯(330mg,1.5mmol)的5ml乙醚溶液中添加1.5ml三乙胺。将5-己炔-1-醇(0.18g,1.8mmol)添加到反应混合物中,然后在室温下搅拌过周末。添加水和额外的乙醚,所得到的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,进行相分离。有机层用水和食盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥、过滤、吹脱。产物用硅胶色谱法精制,给出40mg 60%纯度的2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸己-5-炔酯,其中含有大约40%2-辛基环丙-2-烯-1-羧酸。
实施例26
7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸(化合物7)和8-环丙-1-烯基辛-2-酮(化合物46)的制备
a.7-(1,1,2-三溴环丙基)庚酸
1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-羟基庚基)环丙烷(0.90g,2.3mmol)溶解于60ml冰乙酸中。添加1.0g(10mmol)三氧化铬溶解于14ml 90%乙酸水溶液中的溶液,反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。加水(300ml)。溶液用乙醚萃取。乙醚相用1N NaOH溶液萃取3次。添加少许亚硫酸氢钠。水萃取液用6N HCl酸化,用乙醚萃取2次。乙醚萃取物用食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱,给出0.56g 7-(1,1,2-三溴环丙基)庚酸。
b.7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸和8-环丙-1-烯基辛-2-酮
1,1,2-三溴-2-(7-羧基庚基)环丙烷(1.28g,3.1mmol)溶解于60ml乙醚中并冷却到-78℃。添加甲基锂(9.0ml,12.6mmol),反应在-78℃搅拌2小时。反应混合物放入冰浴中5分钟,然后再冷却-78℃直至进行后处理。向反应物中加水,使其回升到室温。将水相分离,乙醚相用1N NaOH溶液萃取3次。乙醚相含有8-环丙-1-烯基辛-2-酮,而合并的水萃取物含有7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸。
上述乙醚相用食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱,给出200mg 8-环丙-1-烯基辛-2-酮,即化合物46。
含有7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸的合并水萃取物用HCl水溶液酸化, 用乙醚萃取3次。乙醚萃取物用食盐水洗涤、用硫酸镁干燥、吹脱,给出300mg 7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸,即化合物7。
实施例27
8-环丙-1-烯基辛-2-酮O-甲基肟(化合物47)的制备
向用冰浴冷却的、0.15g(0.9mmol)8-环丙-1-烯基辛-2-酮的10ml甲醇溶液中添加0.30g(3mmol)三乙胺和0.83g 30~35%甲氧基胺盐酸盐(3mmol)水溶液。撤除冰浴,反应混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。添加水和乙醚。合并的乙醚相用稀盐酸水溶液、水(2×)、和食盐水洗涤,然后用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱。柱色谱法精制给出50mg8-环丙-1-烯基辛-2-酮O-甲基肟(化合物47),呈30%乙醚,肟异构体之比是3∶1。
实施例28
7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸二乙基酰胺(化合物48)的制备
7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸(0.25g,1.5mmol)的10ml乙醚溶液用冰浴冷却,用0.3ml三乙胺处理。添加氯甲酸甲酯(0.16g,17mmol),反应搅拌1.5小时。边添加过量二乙胺,边使该反应仍用冰浴冷却,并使该反应搅拌一个半小时。再添加乙醚和水,水相用HCl水溶液酸化到pH 1。进行相分离,有机相用水、1N氢氧化钠、水和食盐水洗涤。有机相用硫酸镁干燥、过滤、吹脱。柱色谱法精制给出70mg无色液体状7-环丙-1-烯基庚酸二乙基酰胺(化合物48),74%纯度。
实施例29
以类似于以上所述那样的方式,制备了下列化合物:
表3
另外的化合物
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | 备注 |
23 | 辛基 | H | H | H | |
24 | 正壬基 | H | H | H | 与1-溴-2-壬基环丙 烯的1∶1混合物 |
25 | 正癸基 | H | H | H | |
26 | 正庚基 | H | H | H | |
27 | 十一烷基 | H | H | H | 70%纯度 |
28 | 3-乙基庚基 | H | H | H |
29 | 十三烷基 | H | H | H | |
30 | 2-(2-甲氧基乙氧 基)乙氧基甲基 | H | H | H | |
31 | 正戊基 | H | H | H | |
32 | 2-甲基庚基 | H | H | H | |
33 | 2-丙酰氧基乙烷 | H | H | H | 75%纯度 |
34 | 6-甲基庚基 | H | H | H | |
35 | 3,5,5-三甲基己基 | H | H | H | |
36 | 7-辛烯基 | H | H | H | |
37 | 5,5,5-三氟戊基 | H | H | H | 以乙醚中的51%溶 液形式测试 |
38 | 十五烷基 | H | H | H | |
39 | 4,8-壬基 | H | H | H | |
40 | 十二烷基 | H | H | H | |
41 | 二正丁胺基甲基 | H | H | H | 与2-溴-3-(二正丁 胺基)丙-1-烯的1∶ 4混合物 |
42 | 十四烷基 | H | H | H | |
43 | 3,3-二甲基丁基 | H | H | H | |
44 | 己基 | H | 己基 | H | 70%纯度 |
45 | 戊基 | 戊基 | H | H |
实施例30
以上所述化合物用各种各样的谱学技术进行表征。化合物1~45的NMR数据列于表4中。对于含有杂质的化合物,该杂质的化学位移未予报告,并调整该积分值以便只反映该目标化合物的贡献。
表4
NMR数据
化合物 | NMR数据 |
1 | (CDCl3):0.9(m,5H),1.3(m,6H),1.5(m,2H),2.5(t,2H),6.4(t,1H). |
2 | (CDCl3):0.88(t,3H),1.15-1.35(m,14H),1.5(m,1H),7.3(s,2H). |
3 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.2-1.45(m,6H),1.5-1.7(m,4H),2.45(dt, 2H),3.33(s,3H),3.37(t,2H),6.45(t,1H). |
4 | (CDCl3):0.89(t和d,5H),1.2-1.45(m,4H),1.45-1.6(m,4H), 1.6-1.75(m,2H),2.05-2.2(m,4H),2.48(dt,2H),6.45(s,1H). |
5 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.2-1.45(m,6H),1.5-1.7(m,4H),1.8(bs, 1H),2.47(dt,2H),3.63(t,2H),6.4(s,1H). |
6 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.25-1.45(m,6H),1.5-1.75(m,4H),2.05 (s,3H).2.5(dt,2H).4.05(t,2H),6.45(s,1H). |
7 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.25-1.45(m,4H),1.5-1.8(m,4H),2.36(t, 2H),2.48(dt,2H),6.44(t,1H). |
8 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.22(d,6H),1.3-1.45(m,4H),1.5-1.7(m, 4H),2.24(t,2H),2.47(dt,2H),3.2(m,1H),3.4-3.9(bs,2H和 水),6.45(t,1H). |
9 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.2(t,3H),1.25-1.45(m,4H),1.5-1.8(m, 4H),2.28(t,2H),2.45(dt,2H),4.13(q,2H),6.45(s,1H). |
10 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.4-1.55(m,6H),1.55-1.75(m,4H),2.34 (t,2H),2.48(dt,2H),6.44(t,1H). |
11 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.04(t,6H),1.2-1.4(m,6H),1.4-1.55(m, 2H),1.55-1.65(m,2H),2.4-2.5(m,4H),2.55(q,4H),6.44(s,1H). |
12 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H).1.25(t,6H),1.3-1.4(m.6H),1.5-1.7(m, 4H),2.02(s,3H),2,45(t,2H),2.85-2.95(m,2H),3.05(q,4H), 6.45(s,1H). |
13 | (CDCl3):0.88(d.2H),1.3-1.45(t和m,12H),1.6(五线态,2H), 1.75(m,2H).2.45(dt,2H),3.27(s,3H),3.35-3.5(m,2H),3.61(q, 4H),6,45(s,1H). |
14 | (CDCl3):0.89(t,3H),1.06(d,2H),1.2-1.45(m,6H),1.5-1.7(m, 2H),3.5(t,2H),4.51(d,2H),6.74(t,1H). |
15 | (CDCl3):0.90(m,5H),1.2-1.45(m,4H),1.5-1.7(m,2H),2.76(dt, |
2H),3.45(t,2H),3.65(t,2H),6.55(t,1H). | |
16 | (丙酮-d6):0.7(m,6H),1.05-1.3(m,12H),1.85(m,4H), 7.25(s,2H). |
17 | (CDCl3):0.85-1.05(m,8H),1.15-1.35(m,4H),1.45-1.65(m,2H),2- 2.1(m,2H),2.4(m,2H),3.15(m,2H),5.4-5.6(m,2H). |
18 | (丙酮-d6):0.9(m,6H),1.0(m,3H),1.05-1.55(m,18H), 2.86(d,2H),5,4-5.75(m,2H),6.85(s,1H). |
19 | (CDCl3):0,88(d.2H),1.25-1.5(m,6H),1.5-1.7(m,2H),1.95- 2.15(m,2H),2.47(dt,2H),4,92(dd,1H),4..98(dd,1H),5.8(m, 1H),6.44(t,1H). |
20 | (CDCl3):0.9(d,2H),1.25(s,6H),1.35(m,2H),1.65(s,1H),1.8(t,2H), 6.45(t,1H). |
21 | (CDCl3):0.76(s,2H),0.88(t,3H),1.15-1,4(m,18H),1.45-1.7(m, 4H),2.1(m,2H),2.3(t,2H),2.4(t,3H),3.67(s,3H) |
22 | (CDCl3):0.88(t,3H),1.2-1.45(m,10H),1.5-1.7(m,4H),1.75(m, 2H),1.95(t,1H).2.18(s,1H),2.23(dt,2H),2.4-2.55(m,2H), 4.05-4.15(m,2H),6.32(s,1H). |
23 | (CDCl3):0.9(t和s,5H),1.2-1.5(m,10H),1.6(m,2H),2.5(t, 2H),6.42(s,1H). |
24 | (CDCl3):0.9(t和s.5H),1.2-1.5(m,12H),1.7(m,2H),2.4(t, 2H),6.45(s,1H). |
25 | (CDCl3):0.88(t和s,5H),1.2-1.5(m,14H),1.7(m,2H),2.5(t, 2H),6.45(s,1H). |
26 | (CDCl3):0.88(t和d.5H).1.2-1.5(m,8H).1.7(m.2H),2.5(t, 2H),6.42(s,1H). |
27 | (CDCl3):0.88(t和d,5H),1.2-1.5(m,16H),1.7(m,2H),2.4(t, 2H),6.4(s,1H). |
28 | (CDCl3):0.8(m,8H),1.1-1.4(m,10H),1.7(m,2H),2.4(t,2H), 6.42(s,1H). |
29 | (CDCl3):0.9(m,5H),1.2-1.5(m,20H),1.6(m,2H),2.4(t,2H), 6.4(s,1H). |
30 | (CDCl3):1.06(d,2H),3.39(s,3H),3.5-3.8(m,8H),4.59(d,2H), 6.75(t,1H). |
31 | (CDCl3):0.9(m,5H),1.3(m,4H),1.6(m,2H),2.5(t,2H),6.4(s,1H). |
32 | (CDCl3):0.85-0.95(m,8H),1.1-1.4(m,8H),1.8(m,1H),2.25- 2.6(2dd,2H),6.45(s,1H). |
33 | (CDCl3):0.93(d,2H),1.12(t,3H),2.32(q,2H),2.82(dt,2H), 4.32(t,2H),6.60(s,1H). |
34 | (CDCl3):0.88(m,8H),1.1-1.4(m,5H),1.45-1.1.7(m,4H),2.45(t,2H), 6.45(s,1H). |
35 | (CDCl3):0.88(m,14H),1-1.6(m,7H),2.4(t,2H),6.45(s,1H). |
36 | (CDCl3):0.9(m,8H),1-1.8(m,7H),2.5(m,2H),6.4(t,1H). |
37 | (CDCl3):0.90(d,2H),1.5-1.75(m,4H),2.0-2.2(m,2H),2.55(dt, 2H),4.92(dd,1H),4..98(dd,1H),5.8(m,1H),6.5(t,1H). |
38 | (CDCl3):0.88(m,5H),1.15-1.3(m,24H),1.55(m,2H),2.45(t,2H), 6.45(s,1H). |
39 | (CDCl3):0.9(d,11H),1.05-1.7(m,12H),2.45(t,2H),6.45(s,1H). |
40 | (CDCl3):0.88(m,5H),1.15-1.45(m,16H),1.6(m,4H),2.45(t,2H), 6.45(s,1H). |
41 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.05(t,6H),1.3-1.55(m,8H),2.4-2.65(m.4H), 3.65(s,2H),6.6(t,1H). |
42 | (CDCl3):0.88(m,5H),1.25(s,24H),2.45(t,2H),6.45(s,1H). |
43 | (CDCl3):0.9(m,11H),1.45-1.55(m,2H),2.4-2.55(m,2H),6.4(s,1H). |
44 | (CDCl3):0.9(m,6H),1.25-1.4.5(m,17H),1.5(m,2H),2.45(t,2H), 6.65(s,1H). |
45 | (CDCl3):0.77(s,2H),0.9(t,6H),1.3(m,4H),1.5(m,8H),2.4(m,4H). |
46 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.2-1.4(m,4H),1.5-1.7(m,4H),2.14(s, 3H),2.43(t,2H),2.47(dt,2H),6.45(t,1H). |
47 | (CDCl3):0.88(d,2H),1.2-1.45(m,4H),1.5-1.7(m,4H),1.82 (主异构体),1.85(次异构体)(2s,3H),2.15(主异构体) 2.30(次异构体)(2t,2H),2.47(dt,2H),3.80(次异构体), 3.83(主异构体)(2s,3H),6.45(t,1H). |
48 | (CDCl3):0.87(d,2H),1.1,1.15(2tx,6H),1.3-1.45(m,4H),1,5- 1.75(m,4H),2.29(t,2H),2.47(dt,2H),3.30(q,2H),3.37(q,2H), 6.43(t,1H). |
实施例31
生物活性
番茄偏上性测试方案
本试验程序旨在确定按照本发明的一种化合物当该化合物或者作为一种挥发性气体或者作为一种喷雾溶液的一种成分给药时阻断乙烯在番茄植株中诱发的偏上性生长反应的能力。
处理室具有对该试验植株适当的尺寸,而且是气密的。每个处理室都安装一个要用于乙烯注射的可回用隔膜。
试验植株是Patio品种番茄幼苗,每个3英寸见方塑料盆种植两株。
挥发性气体处理需要把两盆Patio品种番茄放进一个聚苯乙烯4.8升体积处理室中,连同一个含有一块Gelman过滤垫的50×9mm塑料陪替氏培养皿的一半(上部或下部)。用移液管把溶解于1.0ml丙酮中的适量实验化合物移到该过滤垫上,立即将处理室密封。4小时后,向该密封室中注射等于10ppm(体积/体积)最终浓度的乙烯气体。16小时后,处理室在一个通风橱中打开,使得能够通风,用目视法给各该植株评分:当与乙烯处理和未处理对照组比较时,在0~10的尺度上,各该实验化合物所给予的、对乙烯诱发偏上性的防护程度。10分的等级系指完全保护。0分的等级系指不能防护乙烯的影响。
喷雾施用处理需要使用一种DeVilbiss雾化器,以便以溶解于10%丙酮/90%水以及0.05%Silwett L-77表面活性剂中的适量实验化合物完全覆盖两盆Patio品种番茄植株的所有叶和茎。植株置于一个干燥通风橱中风干4小时,然后转移到一个4.8L聚苯乙烯室中,将其密封。
向该密封室中注射等于10ppm(体积/体积)最终浓度的乙烯气体。16小时后,处理室在一个通风橱中打开,使得能够通风,用目视法给各该植株评分:当与乙烯处理和未处理对照组比较时,在0~10的尺度上,各该实验化合物所给予的、对乙烯诱发偏上性的防护程度。10分的等级系指完全保护。0分的等级系指不能防护乙烯的影响。当在番茄向上性试验中作为一种喷雾剂施用时,1-戊基环丁烯优于1-丁基环丁烯。该戊基类似物评为10分(完全保护),而该丁基类似物评为5分。
当作为一种气体施用时,本发明化合物在番茄偏上性试验中的活性在下表中给出。
表5
按照本发明的化合物在番茄偏上性试验中的活性
气体 | 气体 | 气体 | 气体 | |
化合物 | 1000ppm | 750ppm | 500ppm | 10ppm |
1 | 10 | |||
2 | 10 | 0 | ||
3 | 9.5 | |||
4 | 10 | |||
5 | 10 | 0 | ||
6 | 10 | 0 | ||
7 | 8 | 3 | ||
8 | 8 | 0 | ||
9 | 4 | |||
10 | 10 | 2 | ||
11 | 10 | 3 | ||
12 | 10 | 2 | ||
13 | 6 | |||
14 | 10 | |||
15 | 10 | |||
16 | 10 | 0 |
17 | 10 | 0 | ||
18 | 10 | 0 | ||
19 | 10 | |||
20 | 8 | 0 | ||
21 | 9 | 5 | ||
22 | 9 | 0 | ||
23 | 10 | |||
24 | 9.5 | |||
25 | 9 | |||
26 | 10 | |||
27 | 10 | |||
28 | 9 | |||
29 | 10 | 3.5 |
30 | 10 | 3 | ||
31 | 10 | |||
32 | 9.5 | |||
33 | 10 | 0 | ||
34 | 10 | |||
35 | 10 | |||
36 | 10 | |||
37 | 10 | |||
38 | 10 | 4.5 | ||
39 | 10 | |||
40 | 10 | 4 | ||
41 | 10 | 3 | ||
42 | 10 | 2 | ||
43 | 10 | |||
44 | 10 | 0 | ||
45 | 10 | 0 | ||
46 | 9 | 3 | ||
47 | 9.5 | |||
48 | 7 | 0 |
以上所述实施方案和实施例是对本发明的说明,不要理解为本发明的限制。本发明是用以下权利要求定义的,这些权利要求的等效物包括在其中。
Claims (28)
1.一种抑制植物中乙烯反应的方法,包含对该植物施用有效乙烯反应抑制量的1-己基环丙烯或1-辛基环丙烯。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述植物与一种包含所述化合物和一种惰性载体的组合物接触进行的。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述植物与所述化合物的一种气体接触进行的。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过对所述植物喷洒一种包含所述化合物的溶液进行的。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述植物与一种包含所述化合物的固体接触进行的。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述乙烯反应是果实成熟。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述乙烯反应是蔬菜成熟。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述乙烯反应是鲜花衰老。
9.一种抑制植物中脱落的方法,包含对该植物施用有效脱落抑制量的1-己基环丙烯或1-辛基环丙烯。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述植物与一种包含所述化合物和一种惰性载体的组合物接触进行的。
11.根据权利要求9的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述植物与所述化合物的一种气体接触进行的。
12.根据权利要求9的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过对所述植物喷洒一种包含所述化合物的溶液进行的。
13.根据权利要求9的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述植物与一种包含所述化合物的固体接触进行的。
14.一种延长切花寿命的方法,包含对该切花施用有效寿命延长量的1-己基环丙烯或1-辛基环丙烯。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述切花与一种包含所述化合物和一种惰性载体的组合物接触进行的。
16.根据权利要求14的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述切花与所述化合物的一种气体接触进行的。
17.根据权利要求14的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过对所述切花喷洒一种包含所述化合物的溶液进行的。
18.根据权利要求14的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述切花与一种包含所述化合物的固体接触进行的。
19.一种抑制采摘水果成熟的方法,包含对该采摘水果施用有效抑制量的1-己基环丙烯或1-辛基环丙烯。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述采摘水果与一种包含所述化合物和一种惰性载体的组合物接触进行的。
21.根据权利要求19的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述采摘水果与所述化合物的一种气体接触进行的。
22.根据权利要求19的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过对所述采摘水果喷洒一种包含所述化合物的溶液进行的。
23.根据权利要求19的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述采摘水果与一种包含所述化合物的固体接触进行的。
24.一种抑制采摘蔬菜成熟的方法,包含对该采摘蔬菜施用有效抑制量的1-己基环丙烯或1-辛基环丙烯。
25.根据权利要求24的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述采摘蔬菜与一种包含所述化合物和一种惰性载体的组合物接触进行的。
26.根据权利要求24的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述采摘蔬菜与所述化合物的一种气体接触进行的。
27.根据权利要求24的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过对所述采摘蔬菜喷洒一种包含所述化合物的溶液进行的。
28.根据权利要求24的方法,其中,所述施用步骤是通过使所述采摘蔬菜与一种包含所述化合物的固体接触进行的。
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US09/448,523 US6194350B1 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 1999-11-23 | Methods of blocking ethylene response in plants using cyclopropene derivatives |
US19320200P | 2000-03-30 | 2000-03-30 | |
US60/193,202 | 2000-03-30 | ||
PCT/US2000/031944 WO2001037663A2 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2000-11-22 | Blocking an ethylene response in plants using cyclopropene derivatives |
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KR100768152B1 (ko) | 2007-10-18 |
BR0015750B1 (pt) | 2013-02-05 |
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