CN1439253A - Manufacture method for plant plantation substrate and plantation substrate thereby - Google Patents
Manufacture method for plant plantation substrate and plantation substrate thereby Download PDFInfo
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- CN1439253A CN1439253A CN03109157A CN03109157A CN1439253A CN 1439253 A CN1439253 A CN 1439253A CN 03109157 A CN03109157 A CN 03109157A CN 03109157 A CN03109157 A CN 03109157A CN 1439253 A CN1439253 A CN 1439253A
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Abstract
A plant cultivating medium is prepared through mixing formaldehyde, urea, hexamethylene-tetramine, glycerine and absolute alcohol, polycondensation reacting, preparing resin solution, mixing it with the solution of foaming agent, foaming, moulding, demolding, drying, immersing liquid fertilizer, baking and cutting to become boards.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of plant culture matrix and the plant culture matrix that obtains of method thus.
Background technology
As the plant cultured method, the most traditional is the method that adopts soil to cultivate.But along with the continuous deterioration of ball ecological environment and the continuous expansion of city size, brought increase day by day to the greening demand thereupon, if still adopt and in soil, carry out large-scale plant cultivation, and then with its transplantation with soil to the place that needs greening, can cause to the destruction of soil with to the destruction of ecotope.For example, cultivate the lawn with soil, draft the transplanting of carrying out the lawn again and carry training, will take away the ground surface soil of 3～5cm behind each turfing take, soil is after drafting for 5～7 times, and the arable layer that nutriment is rich on the face of land will be stripped from maltosemalt sugar to the greatest extent, and make it can't continue plantation.Therefore, the soilless cultivation method and the product of soil cultivation are more and more paid attention to by people as an alternative, also constantly occur its report of studying.For example, CN1323514A (applying date is July 9 calendar year 2001), CN1059819A (applying date is September 12 nineteen ninety) and ZL94224836.8 (applying date is on August 8th, 1994) disclose a kind of method, a kind of soilless cultivation device and a kind of soilless cultivation container of soil-less roof of building greening respectively.In these patent applications, the plant growing carrier of the soilless cultivation that is adopted mostly is composite carrier, for example, it is carrier that CN1323514A discloses with the polystyrene foam plastics, sawdust, bran chaff etc. in addition thereon again, for plant provides nutrient, other is aided with fixedly root system of plant of inorganic matrix; CN1059819A disclose have one deck on the surface of a plate or groove can be by the fiber of water infiltration, and below plate or groove, place the container of a holding liquid, the fiber on plate or the groove extends in the container.But this class does not have the device that earth culture plants and still exists structure complicated, is not easy to move, and is difficult to satisfy the shortcoming of the requirement of extensive high-efficient culture plant.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of manufacture method and plant culture matrix obtained by this method of plant culture matrix.This plant culture matrix is a primary raw material with formaldehyde and urea, adds hexa, glycerine and absolute ethyl alcohol and prepares Lauxite, handles by bubbling, and immerses and the nutriment of enough fertilizer efficiency can be provided and make.As shown in Figure 1, matrix 1 as plant cultivation usefulness obtained by this method has many cellular structure, after the infiltration, bigger abscess 2 main water and the water guides of storing in described many cellular structure, and less abscess 2 main storage gas and air guides, owing to be interconnected by communication passage 3 between abscess, thereby make whole matrix inside have good permeability, and, the root system of plant can be gone into to this abscess 2 or adjacent abscess 2 by these penetrating hole depths, thereby absorbs the needed gas of plant growing, moisture content and nutriment.
Manufacture method according to plant culture matrix of the present invention may further comprise the steps: (A) formaldehyde, urea, hexa, glycerine and absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed and carry out polycondensation reaction and be mixed with resin solution; (B) foaming agent solution of above-mentioned resin solution with preparation in advance mixed, supply in the frothing machine and bubble, generate foam matrix; (C) above-mentioned foam matrix is added to it is solidified and demoulding, oven dry; (D) foam matrix of oven dry is immersed preparation in advance be used for provide the immersion liquid of fertility to soak, dry then and (E) foam matrix of drying in (D) step cut into slices.
To be further described above steps below, in described step (A), formaldehyde with 15～25 weight portions, the urea of 8～13 weight portions, 0.3 the glycerine of～0.94 weight portion, 0.28 the hexa of～0.91 weight portion is added in the reactor, again to the absolute ethyl alcohol that wherein adds 0.063～0.155 weight portion, fully stir then, mix, the pH value of adjusting solution reaches 5～5.5, and is warming up to 98 ℃ of backflows, continue then 95～98 ℃ of reactions down, when the system viscosity of measuring reaches 0.021～0.041Pas, reactor is carried out the cold bath cooling, regulate pH value to 7.0～7.2.The gained resin is continued to be cooled to 20～30 ℃, and discharging adds suitable quantity of water and is diluted to 25～35% resin solution.
In described step (B), described foaming agent comprises the sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate (the commodity powder that draws back by name) of 0.22～0.86 weight portion, the alkylsurfuric acid natrium surfactant of 0.047～0.42 weight portion, and the phosphoric acid of 0.28～1.77 weight portion.Hybrid mode to each component is not particularly limited, and can mix under normal temperature or heating, as long as can use after fully mixing.Wherein, described sodium alkyl sulfate is preferably lauryl sodium sulfate (commodity is called K
12) or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (commodity are called K
14), be preferably lauryl sodium sulfate especially.Wherein said phosphoric acid can substitute with the oxalic acid of 0.45～2.78 weight portion.
In step (C), be to immerse foam matrix in the pre-pattern under 18～22 ℃, through solidifying the demoulding behind the pre-type in 2～4 hours.
In step (D), described immersion liquid is with the fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensate of 81～188 weight portions (commodity are called penetrating agent JFC), the alkylphenol-polyethenoxy of 117～279 weight portions (10) ether (commodity are called emulsifier op-10), the glycerine of 35～125 weight portions, the sulfuric acid amine of 543～1560 weight portions, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 235～966 weight portions, the carbonic hydroammonium of 186～1260 weight portions is mixed, the absolute ethyl alcohol that adds 165～120 weight portions then, join solution.Hybrid mode to each component is not particularly limited, and can mix under normal temperature or heating, as long as can use after fully mixing.In addition, the hexadecanol of also available 104～210 weight portions of described alkylphenol-polyethenoxy (10) ether substitutes.
In step (E), the size of section can be decided according to the actual requirements, and preferred slice thickness is the section of 1cm.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the plant culture matrix that makes according to method of the present invention and the partial enlarged drawing of foam structure.
The product of prepared in accordance with the method for the present invention promptly obtains plant culture matrix finished product of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 after the moulding section, this matrix has penetrating many foam structures, the average diameter of abscess 2 is in the scope of φ 0.001～0.02mm, the abscess rate 65% ±～90% ± scope, abscess connection rate is 95-99%.A plurality of communication passage 3 on abscess can make abscess link to each other with abscess, and the root system of plant can be by these communication passage deeply to this abscess or adjacent abscess.Because culture matrix of the present invention is based on Lauxite, its unit weight is lower, is 6～25kg/m
3, the resin hydrophily is good, and water absorption rate is in the scope of 50%-80%, and gas liquid ratio is 1: 5-1: 8, and the pH value of suction back system is fit to plant growing in the scope of 6.5-7.2.
Embodiment
Below describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with embodiment, but the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Formaldehyde (Ji Hua company product) with 15.3kg, the urea of 9kg (Cangzhou chemical fertilizer factory product), 0.41kg glycerine (Shanghai Yan'an Oil Chemical Plant), 0.87kg hexa (Beijing Chemical Factory No. 3) be added in the reactor that has agitator, condenser and thermometer, again to the absolute ethyl alcohol that wherein adds 92ml, fully stir then, mix, use NaHCO
3Solution is adjusted to the pH value of system about 5.5, is warming up to 98 ℃ of backflows, 95～98 ℃ of reactions down, when the survey system viscosity reaches 0.025Pas, reactor is carried out cold bath lower the temperature, with NaOH solution regulation system pH value to 7.0.The gained resin is continued to be cooled to about 25 ℃, and discharging adds suitable quantity of water and is diluted to 30% resin solution.
Other gets the sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate (Beijing dye chemical industry three factories) of 0.78kg, 0.11kg lauryl sodium sulfate (cloth Shandong, Tianjin Lenzin refinement Co., Ltd) and the phosphoric acid (Xi'an chemical reagent work) of 1.15kg drop in the configured slot, mix stirring 1.5 hours, the foaming agent solution that obtains mixing down at 50 ℃.Above-mentioned resin solution and foaming agent solution are conducted in the frothing machine limit to be mixed the limit of getting blisters and enters in the pre-pattern.At room temperature, pre-pattern through 3 hours curing and demolding, is entered baking room then and dried under 30～50 ℃ 3～5 hours.Other gets 112g fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensate (cloth Shandong, Tianjin Lenzin refinement Co., Ltd), 250g alkylphenol-polyethenoxy (10) ether (auxiliary reagent factory, Shenyang), 45 gram glycerine, 980g ammonium sulfate (Chenzhou, Hunan chemical fertilizer factory), 480g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) (chemical plant, Chengdu), 566g carbonic hydroammonium (Ji County, Tianjin chemical fertilizer factory) and 1360ml absolute ethyl alcohol, add a certain amount of water, make the immersion liquid gross weight of above-mentioned configuration reach 10kg, under 60 ℃, fully mix, until obtaining uniform solution, make it be suitable as immersion liquid.With the foam matrix of above-mentioned oven dry immerse soak evenly in this immersion liquid after, taking-up drains, and enters and shine the room and dry.Section with the foam matrix that dries is cut into 40cm * 30cm * 1cm obtains plant culture matrix.Measuring its unit weight is 6kg/m
3, the average diameter of abscess is φ 0.002mm, the abscess rate is 68% ± and, abscess connection rate is 98%.Go up the sprinkling running water to this culture matrix section and weigh after it reaches the suction saturation value, obtaining water absorption rate is 80%, and the gas liquid ratio that records in matrix this moment is 1: 8 (measuring with the volume ratio method), and the pH value is 6.5.Perennial ryegrass, wheat and annual bluegrass grass seeds are spread across respectively on the wet medium of three above-mentioned sizes, cover broken matrix thereon, under 16～28 ℃ of temperature, keep carrying out under the normal moisture content breeding.All emerged in 4～20 days, emergence rate is respectively 95%, 98% and 98%.Fertilizer efficiency through implementing this matrix of checking discharges evenly lasting, and vegetation growth state is similar to the upgrowth situation of the identical plant of cultivating with soil.
With the formaldehyde of 18.4kg, the urea of 10.5kg, the glycerine of 0.56kg, the hexa of 0.58kg are added in the reactor that has agitator, condenser and thermometer, again to the absolute ethyl alcohol that wherein adds 112ml, fully stir then, mix, and use NaHCO
3Solution is adjusted to the pH value of system about 5.5, is warming up to 98 ℃ of backflows, 95～98 ℃ of reactions down, when the survey system viscosity reaches 0.035Pas, reactor is carried out cold bath lower the temperature, with NaOH regulation system pH value to 7.0.The gained resin is continued to be cooled to about 25 ℃, and discharging adds suitable quantity of water and is diluted to 30% resin solution.
Other gets the sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate of 0.86kg, and the lauryl sodium sulfate of 0.32kg and the phosphoric acid of 0.79kg drop in the configured slot, mixes down at 50 ℃ and stirs the foaming agent solution that obtains mixing 1.5 hours.Above-mentioned resin solution and foaming agent solution are squeezed in the frothing machine limit to be mixed the limit of getting blisters and enters in the pre-pattern.At room temperature, pre-pattern through 3 hours curing and demolding, is entered baking room then and dried under 30～50 ℃ 3～5 hours.Other gets 136g fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensate, 255g alkylphenol-polyethenoxy (10) ether, 64 gram glycerine, 970g ammonium sulfate, 460g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), 500g carbonic hydroammonium and 1400ml absolute ethyl alcohol, add a certain amount of water, make the immersion liquid gross weight of above-mentioned configuration reach 10kg, under 60 ℃, fully mix, until obtaining uniform solution, make it be suitable as immersion liquid.With the foam matrix of above-mentioned oven dry immerse soak evenly in this immersion liquid after, taking-up drains, and enters and shine the room and dry.Section with the foam matrix that dries is cut into 40cm * 30cm * 1cm obtains plant culture matrix.Measuring its unit weight is 13kg/m
3, the average diameter of abscess is φ 0.0014mm, the abscess rate is 81% ±.Abscess connection rate is 99%.To the section of this culture matrix go up spray running water until its reach suction saturated after, recording its water absorption rate is 64%, the gas liquid ratio that records in matrix this moment with the volume ratio method is 1: 6, the pH value of the interior liquid environment of matrix is 7.0.Perennial ryegrass, wheat and annual bluegrass grass seeds are spread across respectively on the wet medium of three above-mentioned sizes, cover broken matrix thereon, under 16～28 ℃ of temperature, keep carrying out under the normal moisture content breeding.All emerged in 4～20 days, emergence rate is respectively 95%, 98% and 98%.Fertilizer efficiency through implementing this matrix of checking discharges evenly lasting, and vegetation growth state is similar to the upgrowth situation of the identical plant of cultivating with soil.
It is 30% resin solution that configuration proportion identical with embodiment 1 and reaction condition make concentration.
Other gets the sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate of 0.22kg, and the lauryl sodium sulfate of 0.08kg and the oxalic acid of 2.78kg drop in the configured slot, mixes down at 50 ℃ and stirs the foaming agent solution that obtains mixing 1.5 hours.Above-mentioned resin solution and foaming agent solution are squeezed in the frothing machine limit to be mixed the limit of getting blisters and enters in the pre-pattern.The foam matrix that generates is entered in the pre-pattern through outlet.At room temperature, pre-pattern through 3 hours curing and demolding, is entered baking room then and dried under 30～50 ℃ 3～5 hours.Other gets 188g fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensate, the 210g hexadecanol, 125 gram glycerine, 1560g ammonium sulfate, 866g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), 1260g carbonic hydroammonium and 1520ml absolute ethyl alcohol, add a certain amount of water, make the immersion liquid gross weight of above-mentioned configuration reach 10kg, under 60 ℃, fully mix, until obtaining uniform solution, make it be suitable as immersion liquid.With the foam matrix of above-mentioned oven dry immerse soak evenly in this immersion liquid after, taking-up drains, and enters and shine the room and dry.Section with the foam matrix that dries is cut into 40cm * 30cm * 1cm obtains plant culture matrix.Measuring its unit weight is 25kg/m
3, the average diameter of abscess is φ 0.001mm, the abscess rate is 89% ± and, abscess connection rate is 97%.Go up to the section of this culture matrix and to spray running water to record its water absorption rate after it reaches the suction saturation value be 50%, the gas liquid ratio that records in matrix this moment with the volume ratio method is 1: 5, and the pH value of the interior liquid environment of matrix is 7.0.Perennial ryegrass, wheat and annual bluegrass grass seeds are spread across respectively on the wet medium of three above-mentioned sizes, cover broken matrix thereon, under 16～28 ℃ of temperature, keep carrying out under the normal moisture content breeding.All emerged in 4～20 days, emergence rate is respectively 94%, 97% and 96%.Fertilizer efficiency through implementing this matrix of checking discharges evenly lasting, and vegetation growth state is similar to the upgrowth situation of the identical plant of cultivating with soil.
Now the experimental data with embodiment 1,2 and 3 is aggregated into table 1, and the comparing data of using culture matrix of the present invention and use traditional soil to cultivate the average emergence rate of plant is listed in table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
| Embodiment | Unit weight (kg/m 3) | Abscess average diameter mm | Abscess rate % | Abscess connection rate % | Water absorption rate (%) | Gas liquid ratio | System pH | The breeding vegetation type | Emergence rate (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | ????6 | ???0.002 | ????68 | ????98 | ????80 | ????1∶8 | ?????6.5 | Perennial ryegrass | ????95 |
| Wheat | ????98 | ||||||||
| Precocious dogstail | ????98 | ||||||||
| | ????13 | ??0.0014 | ????81 | ????99 | ????64 | ????1∶6 | ?????7.0 | Perennial ryegrass | ????95 |
| Wheat | ????98 | ||||||||
| Precocious dogstail | ????98 | ||||||||
| | ????10 | ???0.001 | ????89 | ????97 | ????50 | ????1∶5 | ?????7.0 | Perennial ryegrass | ????94 |
| Wheat | ????97 | ||||||||
| Precocious dogstail | ????96 |
| Average emergence rate | Perennial ryegrass | Wheat | Precocious dogstail |
| Utilize culture matrix of the present invention | ????94.7 | ???97.7 | ?????97.3 |
| Traditional soil is cultivated | ????91 | ????94 | ??????80 |
By in table 1 and the table 2 as can be seen, the domestication of plants matrix that makes by method of the present invention can provide good environment for the normal growth growth of plant, compare with traditional soil cultivation, has higher emergence rate, and compare with the no earth culture planting apparatus of prior art, it is simple in structure, be easy to transplant, and it is complicated to have overcome the structure that existing cultivation apparatus without soil exists, be not easy to move and be difficult to form the shortcoming of cultivating in batches, be particularly suitable for the extensive cultivation and the transplanting on lawn.
Claims (11)
1. the manufacture method of a plant culture matrix may further comprise the steps: (A) formaldehyde, urea, hexa, glycerine and absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed and carry out polycondensation reaction and be mixed with resin solution; (B) foaming agent solution of above-mentioned resin solution with preparation in advance mixed, be supplied in the frothing machine and bubble, generate foam matrix; (C) above-mentioned foam matrix is supplied to it is solidified and demoulding, oven dry; (D) foam matrix of oven dry is immersed preparation in advance be used for provide the immersion liquid of fertility to soak, dry again after having soaked and (E) foam matrix of drying in (D) step cut into slices.
2. the manufacture method of plant culture matrix according to claim 1, wherein, in described step (A), formaldehyde with 15～25 weight portions, the urea of 8～13 weight portions, 0.3 the glycerine of～0.94 weight portion, 0.28 the hexa of～0.91 weight portion is added in the reactor, to the absolute ethyl alcohol that wherein adds 0.063～0.155 weight portion, fully stir then again, mix, the pH value of adjusting solution reaches 5～5.5, and be warming up to 98 ℃ of backflows, continue then when the system viscosity of measuring reaches 0.021～0.041Pas, reactor to be lowered the temperature 95～98 ℃ of reactions down, regulate pH value to 7.0～7.2, the gained resin is continued to be cooled to 20～30 ℃, and discharging adds suitable quantity of water and is diluted to 25～35% resin solution;
In described step (B), described foaming agent comprises the sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate of 0.22～0.86 weight portion, the alkylsurfuric acid natrium surfactant of 0.047～0.42 weight portion, and the phosphoric acid of 0.28～1.77 weight portion;
In step (C), be to immerse foam matrix in the pre-pattern under 18～22 ℃ temperature, through solidifying the demoulding behind the pre-type in 2～4 hours;
In step (D), described immersion liquid is the fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensate with 81～188 weight portions, the alkylphenol-polyethenoxy of 117～279 weight portions (10) ether, the glycerine of 35～125 weight portions, the sulfuric acid amine of 543～1560 weight portions, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 235～966 weight portions, the carbonic hydroammonium of 186～1260 weight portions is mixed, the absolute ethyl alcohol that adds 165～120 weight portions then, join solution.
3. the manufacture method of plant culture matrix according to claim 2, wherein, described sodium alkyl sulfate is lauryl sodium sulfate or sodium tetradecyl sulfate.
4. according to the manufacture method of claim 2 or 3 described plant culture matrixes, wherein, described sodium alkyl sulfate is a lauryl sodium sulfate.
5. according to the manufacture method of claim 2 or 3 described plant culture matrixes, wherein, described phosphoric acid substitutes with the oxalic acid of 0.45～2.78 weight portion.
6. the manufacture method of plant culture matrix according to claim 4, wherein, described phosphoric acid substitutes with the oxalic acid of 0.45～2.78 weight portion.
7. according to the manufacture method of claim 2 or 3 described plant culture matrixes, wherein, described alkylphenol-polyethenoxy (10) ether substitutes with the hexadecanol of 104～210 weight portions.
8. the manufacture method of plant culture matrix according to claim 4, wherein, described described alkylphenol-polyethenoxy (10) ether substitutes with the hexadecanol of 104～210 weight portions.
9. the manufacture method of plant culture matrix according to claim 5, wherein, described alkylphenol-polyethenoxy (10) ether substitutes with the hexadecanol of 104～210 weight portions.
10. the manufacture method of plant culture matrix according to claim 6, wherein, described alkylphenol-polyethenoxy (10) ether substitutes with the hexadecanol of 104～210 weight portions.
A 11. plant culture matrix (1), it is characterized in that, make by any described method in the claim 1～10, it has penetrating many foam structures, the average diameter of abscess 2 is in the scope of φ 0.001～0.02mm, the abscess rate 65% ±～90% ± scope, abscess connection rate is 95～99%, water absorption rate is in 50%～80% scope, and gas liquid ratio is 1: 5～1: 8.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101134803B (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2010-12-08 | 北京市农林科学院 | Urea-formaldehyde foam plant cultivation substrate and method for preparing the same |
| CN102726276A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-17 | 重庆天开园林景观工程有限公司 | Urea-formaldehyde foam plastic cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102726275A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-17 | 重庆天开园林景观工程有限公司 | Urea formaldehyde-acrylic acid compound culture substrate and method for preparing same |
| CN105565954A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-05-11 | 王长志 | Multifunctional modified amidogen foam plant facilitation nutrition medium and preparing method |
| CN105594501A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-05-25 | 宁夏中青农业科技有限公司 | Urea resin foam particle matrix and processing method thereof |
| CN106832761A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-13 | 李峰 | A kind of Lauxite base foam soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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2003
- 2003-04-03 CN CNB031091571A patent/CN1229013C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101134803B (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2010-12-08 | 北京市农林科学院 | Urea-formaldehyde foam plant cultivation substrate and method for preparing the same |
| CN102726276A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-17 | 重庆天开园林景观工程有限公司 | Urea-formaldehyde foam plastic cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102726275A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-17 | 重庆天开园林景观工程有限公司 | Urea formaldehyde-acrylic acid compound culture substrate and method for preparing same |
| CN105565954A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-05-11 | 王长志 | Multifunctional modified amidogen foam plant facilitation nutrition medium and preparing method |
| CN105594501A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-05-25 | 宁夏中青农业科技有限公司 | Urea resin foam particle matrix and processing method thereof |
| CN106832761A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-13 | 李峰 | A kind of Lauxite base foam soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1229013C (en) | 2005-11-30 |
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