CN1434714A - 治疗疼痛的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
治疗疼痛的方法和组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1434714A CN1434714A CN00819119A CN00819119A CN1434714A CN 1434714 A CN1434714 A CN 1434714A CN 00819119 A CN00819119 A CN 00819119A CN 00819119 A CN00819119 A CN 00819119A CN 1434714 A CN1434714 A CN 1434714A
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- Prior art keywords
- chloro
- quinoline
- diketone
- hydroxyl
- tetrahydro pyridazine
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Abstract
公开一种治疗疼痛的方法,该方法包括给予改善疼痛有效量的按照结构图(I)的任意化合物,其中:A、D和R1如该说明书中定义。也公开了一种药用组合物,该组合物包含改善疼痛有效量的按照结构图(I)的一种化合物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及疼痛或感受伤害的治疗或预防。相关领域
疼痛是一种不同于触、压、热或冷的感觉表达。患者经常用如锐痛、钝痛、酸痛、刺痛、切割性疼痛或灼烧痛的此类术语描述疼痛并且一般认为疼痛包括原始的感觉和对该感觉的反应。不同个体感觉的范围以及疼痛感受的变化,致使疼痛的准确定义非常困难,可是许多个体遭受严重的和持续的疼痛。
由伤害神经结构引起的疼痛经常表现为神经过敏或痛觉过敏并称为“神经病的”疼痛。也可以通过刺激感受伤害受体“引起”疼痛并在整个神经途径上传播,此类疼痛称为“感受伤害的”疼痛。
使疼痛受到注意的刺激水平称为“痛阈”。镇痛剂为通过升高痛阈而不丧失意识来缓解疼痛的药物。在给予一种止痛药后,在经历疼痛前要求更大强度或更长时间的刺激。在患痛觉过敏的个体中,止痛药可具有抗痛觉敏感的作用。与止痛药相比,药物如局部麻醉剂阻断外围神经束的传递,由此阻断疼痛的感觉。另一方面,普通的麻醉通过引起意识丧失而减少疼痛的感觉。
已经报道速激肽拮抗剂在动物中引起抗感受伤害,相信在人中类似于痛觉缺失(Maggi等,Auton.Pharmacol.(1993)13,23-93)。特别是,非肽NK-1受体拮抗剂产生这样的痛觉缺失。例如,NK-1受体对抗剂RP 67,580引起痛觉丧失,其作用可与吗啡相比(Garret等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1993)88,10208-10212)。
类阿片止痛药是一类明确确定具有吗啡样作用的止痛药。合成的和半合成的类阿片止痛药是五种化学类化合物的衍生物:菲、苯基庚胺、苯基哌啶、吗啡烷和苯并吗啡烷。药理学上这些化合物具有不同的活性,因此一些是类阿片受体的强激动剂(如吗啡),其它一些是适中至温和的激动剂(如可待因),还有一些呈现混合的激动剂-拮抗剂活性(如纳布啡)和其它一些为部分激动剂(如烯丙吗啡)。同时一种类阿片部分激动剂如烯丙吗啡,(吗啡的N-烷基类似物)将拮抗吗啡的止痛作用,当单独给药时,它可以以自身的方式为一种有效的止痛药。
在所有的类阿片镇痛剂中,吗啡仍然是最广泛使用的,但是除了它的治疗特性外,它有一些缺点,包括呼吸抑制、胃肠运动降低(引起便秘)、恶心和呕吐。耐受性和物理依赖性也限制了类阿片化合物的临床使用。
在治疗中经常使用阿司匹林和其它水杨酸化合物中断类风湿症疾病和关节炎中炎症过程的扩大并暂时性地减轻疼痛。为了这些目的使用的其它药用化合物包括苯丙酸衍生物如布洛芬和萘普生、舒林酸、苯基丁氮酮、皮质类甾醇、抗疟疾药如氯喹和羟基氯喹硫酸盐和fenemates(J.Hosp.Pharm.,36:622(1979年5月))。可是,这些化合物对于神经病的疼痛是无效的。
目前采用的对疼痛的治疗也有缺点。在患者体验作用之前一些治疗剂需要延长使用。其它现有的药物在某些患者中有严重的副作用并且为了确保任何副作用不是过度的危险必须仔细监控患者。大多数现有药物仅暂时减轻疼痛并且必须始持续地每天或每周服药。随着疾病的发展,减轻疼痛所需的药量经常增加,如此增加了潜在的副作用。
通过结合N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)定义NMDA受体,包括具有几种不同的识别结合域的受体/离子通道复合体。NMDA本身在结构上是一个类似于谷氨酸(Glu)的分子,在谷氨酸结合位点结合并且具有高选择性,并且有效激活NMDA受体(Watkins(1987);Olney(1989))。
已知许多化合物在NMDA/Glu结合点结合(例如CPP、DCPP-ene、CGP 40116、CGP 37849、CGS 19755、NPC 12626、NPC 17742、D-AP5、D-AP7、CGP 39551、CGP-43487、MDL-100,452、LY-274614、LY-233536和LY233053)。其它化合物,称为非竞争性NMDA拮抗剂,在NMDA受体复合体的其它位置结合(实例如苯环利定、地佐环平、氯胺酮、替来他明、CNS 1102、右美沙芬、美金刚、犬尿烯酸、CNQX、DNQX、6,7-DCQX、6,7-DCHQC、R(+)-HA-966、7-氯犬尿烯酸、5,7-DCKA、5-碘-7-氯-犬尿烯酸、MDL-28,469、MDL-100,748、MDL-29,951、L-689,560、L-687,414、ACPC、ACPCM、ACPCE、蚶硷(arcaine)、二亚乙基三胺、1,10-二氨基癸烷、1,12-二氨基十二烷、艾芬地尔和SL-82.0715)。Rogawski(1992)和Massieu等(1993)以及本文中引用的论文已经对这些化合物进行了广泛地评论。
除了它的生理功能,谷氨酸(Glu)可以是神经毒性的。Glu的神经毒性指“兴奋毒性(excitotoxicity)”,因为类似于它的有益作用,Glu的毒害神经作用受一种兴奋过程的调节(Olney(1990);Choi(1992))。通常,当Glu在突触受体释放时,它仅仅是短暂地结合,然后通过运送它返回细胞的过程迅速离开该受体。在某些不正常的情况下,包括中风、癫痫症和CNS损伤,Glu吸收缺乏并且Glu在该受体聚集,产生持久的电化学作用的刺激,导致具有Glu受体的神经元死亡。在CNS中许多神经元具有Glu受体,因此兴奋毒性可以引起大量的CNS伤害。
作为局部缺血事件、缺氧事件、大脑损伤或脊髓损伤、某些类型的食物中毒,包括兴奋性毒物如domoic acid的中毒,和癫痫发作引起神经退化的结果,可以发生急性兴奋毒性伤害,所述神经退化可以由持续的癫痫发作行为(癫痫状态)引起。大量的证据已经暗示NMDA受体作为一个亚型受体,通过该受体Glu介导大量的CNS损伤,并且确定NMDA拮抗剂在这些急性CNS损伤综合征中保护CNS神经元抑制兴奋毒性的退化是有效的(Choi(1998);Olney(1990))。
在各种慢性神经退化性疾病,包括早老性痴呆、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、AIDS痴呆、帕金森氏病和亨廷顿氏病中,除了由急性损伤引起的神经元损伤外,Glu受体的过分激活也可以引起逐步加重的神经退化过程,导致细胞死亡(Olney(1990))。一般认为,可以证明NMDA拮抗剂在此类慢性疾病的治疗手段中是有用的。
在1980’s发现PCP(称为“angel dust”)在NMDA Glu受体的离子通道内的“PCP识别位点”发挥作用。PCP作为一种阻断离子流通过NMDA离子通道的非竞争性拮抗剂发挥作用。最近,在PCP位点作为一种非竞争性NMDA拮抗剂发挥作用的药物很可能具有拟精神病的副作用已经变得明显。另外,现在已经认识到某些竞争性和非竞争性NMDA拮抗剂在大鼠的大脑中可以引起类似的病理形态学作用(Olney等,(1991);Hargreaves等,(1993))。此类化合物在人中也具有拟精神病的作用(Kristensen等,(1992);Herrling(1994);Grotta(1994))。
NMDA受体复合体的甘氨酸结合位点可以与Glu和PCP结合位点区别。最近也发现NMDA受体出现几种亚型,它们的特征在于所述受体的甘氨酸结合位点的不同特性。许多在NMDA受体甘氨酸位点结合、用于治疗中风和神经退化性疾病的化合物描述于美国专利5,604,227、5,733,910、5,599,814、5,593,133、5,744,471、5,837,705和6,103,721中。
发明概述
现在已经发现某些呈现结合NMDA受体甘氨酸位点的性质的化合物具有改善疼痛,特别是改善神经病疼痛的用途。
因此,本发明提供一种治疗疼痛的方法,该方法包括给予改善疼痛有效量的根据结构式I的任何化合物:其中:A为(CH2)n,其中n具有选自0、1、2、3或4的值;D选自5-元或6-元杂芳基基团或其苯基衍生物(benz-derivative),具有1、2或3个选自氧、氮或硫的环原子,而R1为卤代基。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述方法包括给予改善疼痛有效量的根据结构式I的化合物,其中:D选自吡啶基、喹啉基、吡嗪基、吡二嗪基(pyradizinyl)、呋喃基、苯并[b]呋喃基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、苯并[b]噻吩基和噻唑基。
本发明的更具体的实施方案为那样一些实施方案,其中所述方法包括用根据结构式II并且D选自吡啶基、喹啉基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、呋喃基、苯并[b]呋喃基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、苯并[b]噻吩基和噻唑基的化合物治疗。
然而本发明更具体的实施方案为那些实施方案,其中所述方法包括用本文特别公开的示例性化合物进行治疗。
本发明的其它方面为药用组合物,它包含根据结构式I的化合物;根据结构式I的化合物在制备药物和药用组合物中的用途;和包括将本发明的化合物结合到温血动物如人类的NMDA受体甘氨酸位点上,以便有益地抑制NMDA受体活性的方法。发明详述
本发明化合物是那些在概述范围内的化合物,特别是此后举例的那些化合物。
本发明化合物的适宜的药学上可接受的盐包括酸加成盐如甲磺酸盐、延胡索酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、柠檬酸盐、三(羟基甲基)氨基甲烷、顺丁烯二酸盐和与磷酸和硫酸形成的盐。在其它实施方案中,适宜的盐为碱式盐如碱金属盐(如钠盐)、碱土金属盐如钙盐或镁盐、有机胺盐如三乙胺、吗啉、N-甲基吡啶、N-乙基吡啶、普鲁卡因、二苄基胺、胆碱、N,N-二苄基乙基胺或氨基酸如赖氨酸的盐
本发明的另一方面为制备本发明化合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)按照以下方案所示的程序之一制备Boc保护的肼:X=Cl,Br或OMs;R=H或烷基。
b)按照以下方案的方法偶联所述Boc保护的肼并环化该产物,形成一种根据结构式I的化合物:其中:
CMC为1-环己基-3-(2-吗啉代乙基)-N-甲基-碳化二亚胺-对甲苯磺酸盐(1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluene-sulfonate);
“R/H/D”基团为结构式I的“-A-D”部分;
并且在整个前述方法中:
R1如结构式I定义。
使用本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的治疗方法,可以包括哺乳动物疼痛的预防治疗,所述哺乳动物可以为人类,可以依照标准的药物实践将所述化合物调配为一种药用组合物。
含有本发明的化合物的适宜药用组合物可以按照常规的方式给药,如口服、局部使用、胃肠外、口腔、鼻腔、阴道或直肠给药或通过吸入给药。为这些目的,可通过本领域已知的方法将本发明的化合物配制为例如片剂、胶囊剂、水溶液剂或油溶液剂、悬浮液、乳剂、乳膏、软膏、凝胶、鼻喷雾剂、栓剂、细分散的散剂或吸入气雾剂,和胃肠外使用(包括静脉的、肌肉或输注的)的无菌水溶液或油溶液或悬浮液或无菌乳剂。一种优选的给药途径为口服片剂或胶囊剂。
除了本发明的化合物,本发明的一种药用组合物也可以含有一种或多种其它药理上的活性剂,或此类药用组合物可以同时或连续与一种或多种其它药理上的活性剂共同给药。
通常,给予本发明的药用组合物,以使患者接受改善疼痛的有效日剂量。可以按照需要将日剂量以几个分剂量给药,接受化合物的准确量和给药途径取决于所治疗患者的体重、年龄和性别以及按照本领域已知的原则治疗的具体疾病状况。一个优选的剂量方案为每日一次。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供一种药用组合物,该组合物含有与药学上可接受的添加剂如赋形剂或载体混合的如此中定义的结构式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供结构式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在生产用于在温血动物包括人类中结合NMDA受体甘氨酸位点的药物中的用途。
本发明的又一个实施方案提供一种使本发明的化合物与需要治疗疼痛的温血动物如人类的NMDA受体甘氨酸位点结合的方法,所述方法包括给予所述动物有效量的结构式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。定义
当在此使用时,术语“烷基”包括直链和支链烷基基团,但是提到单个的烷基基团如“丙基”时指直链部分。
当在此使用时,术语“卤代基”指氟代基、氯代基、溴代基和碘代基。
当在此使用时,术语“芳基”指一个不饱和的碳环或其苯基衍生物。详细地说,芳基指苯基、萘基或联苯基。更详细地说芳基指苯基。
当在此使用时,术语“杂芳基”或“杂芳基环”,除非另有说明,否则指一个单环、双环或三环-5-14元环,所述环为不饱和环或部分不饱和环,具有最多可达5个选自氮、氧和硫的环杂原子,其中的-CH2-基团可以用-C(O)-任选代替,并且环氮原子可以任选被氧化形成N-氧化物。此类杂芳基的实例包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡啶基、吡啶基-N-氧化物、氧代吡啶基、氧代喹啉基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、氧代吡嗪基、哒嗪基、二氢吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、呫吨基、喹喔啉基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基和噌啉基。
当在此使用时,术语“杂环基”或“杂环基环”,除非另有说明,否则指一个单或双环-5-14元环,所述环总体上是饱和的,具有最多可达5个选自氮、氧和硫的环杂原子,其中的-CH2-基团可以用一个-C(O)-任选代替。此类杂环基的实例包括吗啉基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、高哌啶基、高哌嗪基和奎宁环基。
当在此使用,其中任选的取代基选自“一个或多个”基团时,可以理解它包含所有取代基选自一个指定基团的化合物和所有的取代基选自一个以上的指定基团的化合物。
通常在此中所描述的方法、过程和实施例中:
浓缩通过在真空下旋转蒸发进行;
操作在环境温度,即在18-26℃的范围内和在氮气氛下进行;
柱层析(通过快速的方法),除非另有说明,否则在Merck Kieselgel硅胶(Art.9385)上进行;
产量仅仅为了描述给出并不必是可以达到的最大量;
式I的终产物的结构通常通过NMR和质谱技术确定,除非另有说明,用一个在300MHz的场强度运行的Varian Germini 2000分光计在DMSO-d6中测定质子磁共振谱;从作为内标的四甲基硅烷起用百万分之几低磁场报告化学位移(δ标度)并且峰的多样性如此显示:s,单峰;bs,宽单峰;d,双峰;AB或dd,二个双峰;t,三峰;dt,二个三峰;m,多重峰;bm,宽多重峰;用一个用电喷射操作的Platform分光计(Micromass提供)获得快原子轰击(FAB)质谱数据并且适宜时在这种应用中收集阳离子数据或阴离子数据,引用(M+H)+;用一台NicoletAvatar 360 FT-IR获得IR数据;
通常中间体没有完全进行特征鉴定并且通常用质谱(MS)或NMR分析评估纯度。
当使用时以下缩写和定义具有如下含义:
CDCl3 为氘代氯仿;
CMC 为1-环己基-3-(2-吗啉代乙基)-N-甲基-碳化二亚胺-对甲苯磺酸盐;
DCM 为二氯甲烷;
DCU 为二环己基脲;
DHC 为1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺;
DMAP 为4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶;
DMF 为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
DMSO 为二甲基亚砜;
m/s 为质谱分析;
NMP 为N-甲基吡咯烷酮;
NMR 为核磁共振;
p.o. 为口服;
THF 为四氢呋喃;
t.i.d. 为每日三次。
此中所描述的实施例和试验是打算阐述本发明而不是限制本发明。
实施例:实施例1:
7-氨-4-羟基-2-(4-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹 啉-1,10-二酮甲磺酸盐
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(4-吡啶基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
在氮气下,向肼基甲酸叔丁酯(174g,1.36mole)和无水DMF(400ml)的搅拌溶液中加入三乙胺(108ml,0.78mole),随后加入4-吡啶甲基氯盐酸盐(40.0g,0.243mole)。然后在75℃加热该反应混合物5小时并让其冷却至室温。用水(2L)稀释该反应混合物并用乙酸乙酯(4×500ml)提取产生的混合物。在减压下浓缩合并的乙酸乙酯提取物并将残余物溶解于乙醚(1L)中。用水(3×400ml)和盐水(400ml)顺序洗涤所产生的溶液,然后用Na2SO4干燥。过滤掉Na2SO4并在减压下浓缩该滤液,得到一种琥珀色的油状物(130.4g)。通过硅胶快速层析纯化该产物,以己烷∶乙酸乙酯(1∶1)洗脱,得到标题化合物,为一种固态的灰白色泡沫(24.46g,45%).1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.36(s,9H);3.90(d,2H,J=4.0Hz),5.04(d,1H,J=4.0Hz);7.34(d,1H,J=4.5Hz),8.48(d,1H,J=4.5Hz)。
7-氯-4-羟基喹啉-2,3-二羧酸二甲酯:
在氮气氛下,回流2-氨基-4-氯苯甲酸甲酯(2.50g,13.5mmol)和乙炔二羧酸二甲酯(2.05g,14.4mmol)在叔丁醇(22ml)中的搅拌混合物7小时。在加入另外的乙炔二羧酸二甲酯(1.16g,8.13mmol)并另外回流2.5小时后,让该反应混合物冷却至室温,一次性加入叔丁醇钾(1.56g,13.9mmol)。形成沉淀并回流所产生的混合物1.5小时。将所述混合物冷却至室温并过滤以分离固体,用叔丁醇和乙醚洗涤该固体。将所述固体溶解于水中并用1N硫酸酸化,形成一种沉淀。用DCM提取所产生的混合物并用盐水和水洗涤合并的提取物,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到一种绿色的固体。使所述物质从甲醇中重结晶,得到标题化合物(1.15g,47%),为灰白色固体,mp 232-233℃;MS(Cl):296(M+H).分析C13H10ClNO5:计算值:C,52.81;H,3.41;N,4.74;测得值:C,52.75;H,3.47;N,4.69.
3-甲酯基-7-氯-4-羟基喹啉-2-羧酸
向7-氯-4-羟基喹啉-2,3-二羧酸二甲酯(1.0g,3.38mmol)在水(20ml)中的搅拌悬浮液中加入氢氧化钠(0.27g,6.75mmol)水溶液。加完后,溶解悬浮液。温热该反应混合物至60℃ 1小时。此后冷却该反应物至室温并用浓盐酸酸化。然后将该产物提取到乙醚和乙酸乙酯中,用MgSO4干燥该有机提取物,过滤并在真空下浓缩,得到标题化合物,为一种固体(900mg)。通过用乙酸乙酯/己烷共溶剂系统重结晶纯化该物质,得到标题化合物(571mg,60%),为一种白色固体,mp 296℃(分解);MS(Cl):238(M+H).
分析C12H8NO5Cl·0.45CH3CO2CH2CH3·0.10H2O:计算值:C,51.30;H,3.68;N,4.34;测得值:C,51.28;H,3.62;N,3.97.1H NMR δ 8.22(d,J=8.7Hz,1H);7.92(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.28(dd,J=8.7,1.8Hz,1H);3.90(s,3H).
3-甲酯基-2-吡咯烷基脲-7-氯-4-羟基喹啉
在室温、N2下,向3-甲酯基-7-氯-4-羟基喹啉-2-羧酸(2.25g,8.0mmol)的THF(20ml)悬浮液中加入DHC(1.65g,8.0mmol)和吡咯烷(0.596g,8.4mmol)。在室温搅拌该反应物15小时,然后通过过滤移去副产物脲。通过采用5%甲醇的氯仿的快速柱层析纯化所需产物,得到标题化合物(2.52g,94.3%),为一种棕褐色固体,mp=215℃;MS(CI):335(M+H).300 MHz 1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ8.12(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.60(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),7.47(dd,1H,J=8.8,2.0Hz),3.69(s,3H),3.40-3.49(m,2H),3.27-3.33(m,2H),1.80-1.96(m,4H).
7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉(hydroquinoline)-3-羧酸:
向3-甲酯基-2-吡咯烷基脲-7-氯-4-羟基喹啉(2.52g,7.5mmol)的去离子水(40ml)悬浮液中滴加氢氧化钾(882mg,15.75mmol)的水溶液(20ml)。加完后,使该反应物温热至60℃。3小时后,过滤该反应物以除去少量的不溶物。然后酸化滤液到pH=1,产生一种白色沉淀。通过真空过滤分离该固体,用水洗涤并在30℃真空下干燥16小时。获得标题化合物(1.5g,64%),为一种白色固体,mp=225-8℃;MS(Cl):321(M+H).300 MHz1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ8.28(d,J=8.8Hz,1H);7.77(s,1H),7.64(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),3.52-3.57(m,2H),3.17-3.19(m,2H),1.83-1.98(m,4H).
N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉
基)]-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)甲酰胺
在氮气下,向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(24.29g,75.73mmol)和无水THF(1175ml)的搅拌混合物中分批加入CMC(50.55g,119.34mmol)(先加入35g,10分钟后加入15.55g)。在搅拌该反应混合物另外20分钟后,迅速加入(叔丁氧基)-N-[(4-吡啶基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(22.0g,98.5mmol)和THF(580ml)的溶液并搅拌该混合物过夜。过滤该反应混合物,用DCM(300ml)洗涤滤饼。合并滤液和洗液并加入另外的DCM(800ml)。用水(2×500ml)洗涤所产生的溶液,然后用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩,得到28.90g黄色泡沫状物。用乙醚(800ml)处理该泡沫状物并搅拌所产生的混合物,然后过滤。在45℃真空下干燥该滤饼。得到所需化合物(24.3g,61%),为一种黄色粉末。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(4-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-
1,10-二酮甲磺酸盐
在氮气下,向N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-(4-吡啶基甲基)甲酰胺(24.0g,45.62mmol)和无水THF(960ml)的搅拌混合物中一次性加入甲磺酸(120ml,177.7g,1.85mole)。搅拌该混合物过夜,然后过滤以便分离固体。用THF(2×100ml)、甲醇(2×50ml)和乙醚(100ml)顺序洗涤所收集的固体。然后将该滤饼(13.4g)悬浮在甲醇(250ml)中,然后超声处理所产生的混合物20分钟,然后过滤。用甲醇(2×100ml)和乙醚(100ml)洗涤所收集的固体,然后在45℃真空下干燥,获得标题化合物(12.1g,59%),为黄色粉末。m.p.>250℃;1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.32(s,3H),5.36(s,2H),7.49(dd,1H,J=8.1Hz,J=2.1Hz),7.86(d,1H,J=6.6Hz);8.06(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),8.12(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),8.82(d,1H,J=6.6Hz),12.6(br s,1H),12.84(br s,1H)。C17H11ClN4O3·CH3SO3H·0.8H2O计算值:C,46.47;H,3.60;N,12.04;测得值:C,46.39;H,3.65;N,11.98。实施例2:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹 啉-1,10-二酮甲磺酸盐
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(3-吡啶基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
在氮气下,向肼基甲酸叔丁酯(203.6g,1.54mole)和无水DMF(300ml)的搅拌溶液中加入三乙胺(128ml,0.92mole),随后加入3-吡啶甲基氯盐酸盐(50.0g,0.30mole)在DMF(300ml)中的浆状物。然后在75℃加热该反应混合物3小时,让其冷却至室温并用水(2.4L)稀释。用乙醚(3×800ml)提取产生的混合物。用盐饱和该水层并用乙醚(3×800ml)提取。用水(1×1L)和盐水(1×1L)顺序洗涤合并的提取物,然后用Na2SO4干燥。过滤掉Na2SO4并在减压下浓缩该滤液。通过在硅胶上快速层析纯化该产物,用乙醚洗脱,得到标题化合物,为一种灰白色固体(23.3g,34%).1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.36(s,9H);3.88(d,2H,J=4.0Hz),4.96(d,1H,J=4.0Hz);7.33(dd,1H,J=7.7Hz,J=4.8Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=7.7Hz),7.44(d,1H,J=4.7Hz),8.49(s,1H)。
N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氢代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉
基)]-N-(3-吡啶基甲基)甲酰胺
在氮气下,向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,20g,62.4mmol)和THF(800ml)的搅拌混合物中加入CMC(40.0g,94.4mmol)。迅速加入(叔丁氧基)-N-[(3-吡啶基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(20.9g,93.6mmol)和THF(450ml)的溶液并搅拌该混合物过夜。过滤该反应混合物并用THF洗涤该滤饼。用DCM将该滤饼调成浆并过滤。合并滤液并在减压下蒸发。将残余物溶解于DCM中,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下蒸发,得到一种泡沫状物。用乙醚(200ml)搅拌该泡沫状物并过滤。用乙醚(200ml)超声处理该滤饼,过滤,用乙醚洗涤并在40℃下真空干燥,获得标题化合物,为灰白色的粉末(32.8g,100%)。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-
1,10-二酮甲磺酸盐
在氮气下,用10分钟向N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-(3-吡啶基甲基)甲酰胺(32.8g,mol)和THF(1L)的搅拌溶液中加入甲磺酸(150ml,222g,2.31moles)。搅拌该混合物过夜,然后过滤以分离固体。用THF洗涤所收集的固体。将该滤饼悬浮在甲醇中,然后超声(30分钟),然后过滤。将该固体再悬浮在甲醇中,超声(30分钟)并过滤。用甲醇洗涤所收集的固体,然后在100℃下真空干燥,获得标题化合物(19.4g,66%),为一种白色固体。m.p.>300℃;1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6);δ2.33(s,3H),5.29(s,2H),7.46(dd,1H,J=9.0Hz,J=2.1Hz),7.94(dd,1H,J=9.0Hz,J=5.6Hz),8.04(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),8.16(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),8.37(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),8.82(d,1H,J=4.8Hz),8.89(s,1H)。C17H11ClN4O3·CH3SO3H·H2O计算值:C,46.11;H,3.66;N,11.95;测得值:C,46.34;H,3.61;N,11.94。实施例3:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(2-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹 啉-1,10-二酮甲磺酸盐
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(2-吡啶基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
在氮气下,向肼基甲酸叔丁酯(174g,1.53mole)和无水DMF(400ml)的搅拌溶液中加入三乙胺(130ml,0.94mole),随后加入2-吡啶甲基氯盐酸盐(54.0g,0.33mole)。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物1小时,然后在70℃加热3小时并让其冷却至室温。用乙酸乙酯/乙醚的1∶1混合物稀释该反应混合物并用盐水洗涤并提取。通过TCL(洗脱剂:100%乙醚)监测该水层并用乙酸乙酯(200ml)提取几次直到观察不到产物。用盐水洗涤合并的有机提取物,用Na2SO4干燥并过滤。在减压下浓缩该滤液。得到一种可结晶的琥珀色油状物(~100g)。用1∶1的乙醚/己烷研磨该物质,过滤并在减压下干燥,得到标题化合物,为灰白色固体(33.4g,45%产率).1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.38(s,9H);3.96(d,2H,J=4.0Hz),4.98(d,1H,J=4.0Hz),7.24(dd,1H,J=7.8Hz,J=7.8Hz),7.48(d,1H),7.74(dd,1H,J=7.5Hz,J=7.8Hz),8.32(s br,1H),8.47(d,1H,J=4.8Hz)。
N-[(叔丁氢基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉
基)]-N-(2-吡啶基甲基)甲酰胺
在氮气下,向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,17.5g,54.7mmol)和无水THF(900ml)的搅拌混合物中分批加入CMC(35.7g,81.2mmol)(先加入25.0g,10分钟后加入10.7g)。在搅拌该反应混合物另外1小时后,加入(叔丁氧基)-N-[(2-吡啶基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(16.5g,73.9mmol)和THF(400ml)的溶液并剧烈搅拌该混合物过夜。用TCL(10%甲醇/DCM)监测该反应并确定反应完成。为了分离沉淀的固体,过滤该反应混合物并用THF洗涤所收集的固体。合并滤液和洗液并在真空下浓缩。将该滤饼悬浮在碳酸氢盐水溶液和盐水溶液中并用DCM(3×300ml)提取。浓缩有机提取物,合并这些提取物并用碳酸氢盐、盐水(3x)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。过滤掉用Na2SO4并在减压下浓缩该滤液,获得一种残余物,通过在硅胶上快速层析纯化该残余物,用5%异丙醇/氯仿洗脱。在真空下浓缩所需流分后分离到标题化合物,为一种浅棕褐色粉末(24.3g,61%)。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(2-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-
1,10-二酮甲磺酸盐
在氮气下,向N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-(2-吡啶基甲基)甲酰胺(24.0g,0.045mol)和无水THF(800ml)的搅拌混合物中一次性加入甲磺酸(100ml,148g,1.54moles)。搅拌该混合物过夜,然后过滤以分离固体。用THF(2×100ml)和乙醚(2×100ml)顺序洗涤所收集的固体。然后将该滤饼(15.8g)悬浮在甲醇(250ml)中并超声处理所产生的混合物30分钟,然后过滤。用甲醇(2×100ml)和乙醚(100ml)洗涤所收集的固体,然后在35℃真空下干燥,获得标题化合物(12.1g,59%),为一种橙色的粉末。m.p.>300℃;1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.33(s,3H),5.35(s,2H),7.46(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.64(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.68(dd,1H,J=4.8Hz,J=6.6Hz),8.02(s,1H),8.14(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),8.19(dd,1H,J=6.6Hz,J=7.8Hz),8.73(d,1H,J=4.8Hz),10.06(s,br,1H),12.84(s,br,1H)。C17H11ClN4O3·CH3SO3H计算值:C,47.95;H,3.35;N,12.43;测得值:C,47.93;H,3.42;N,12.01。实施例4:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-苯并[d]呋喃-2-基甲基-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并 [4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮
N-(1-氮杂-2-苯并[d]呋喃-2-基乙烯基)(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺
在室温、搅拌下,向苯并呋喃-2-甲醛(5.0g,34mmol)的THF(200ml)溶液中加入肼基甲酸叔丁酯(4.5g,34mmol),随后加入浓盐酸(10滴)。搅拌反应物24小时,在真空下移去THF并且用己烷研磨所产生的固体,过滤,得到标题化合物(9g,100%),为一种白色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ11.12(br s,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.67(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.37(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.27(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.21(s,1H),1.48(s,9H).
N-[(苯并[d]呋喃-2-基甲基)氨基](叔丁氧基)甲酰胺
向N-(1-氮杂-2-苯并[d]呋喃-2-基乙烯基)(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺(4.0g,15mmol)的甲醇(75ml)溶液中加入氰基氢硼化钠(7.2g,115mmol)和乙酸(10ml)。加热该混合物到65℃ 4小时。TLC分析(1∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯)显示有原料残留,并加入另外的氰基氢硼化钠(约2g)。2小时后,没有原料残留并将该反应物冷却至室温,在真空下除去甲醇。将残余物溶解于乙酸乙酯中并用饱和的NaHCO3水溶液、水和盐水顺序洗涤,然后用Na2SO4干燥。过滤该混合物并浓缩,得到标题化合物(3.4g,13mmol,85%),为一种白色固体,未进一步纯化用于下一步骤。1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ8.36(s,1H),7.57(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.51(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.22(m,2H),6.74(s,1H),5.01(br s,1H),4.00(s,2H),1.37(s,9H).
N-{N-(苯并[d]呋喃-2-基甲基)[7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢
喹啉基)]羰基氨基}(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺
向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,4.1g,13mmol)在THF(75ml)中的搅拌浆状物中加入1-环己基-3-(2-吗啉代乙基)-碳化二亚胺N-甲-对甲苯磺酸盐(10.8g,26mmol)。搅拌下,向该搅拌的淡黄色-黄色的混合物中加入N-[(苯并[d]呋喃-2-基甲基)氨基](叔丁氧基)甲酰胺(3.3g,13mmol)和N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(230mg,1.9mmol)的THF(25ml)溶液。在N2下回流该产生的混合物4小时,然后冷却并过滤。浓缩滤液,得到一种固态的黄色泡沫,在硅胶上层析(10%甲醇的CH2Cl2溶液)该黄色泡沫物,得到标题化合物,为一种浅黄色的固体。对该物质未进行特征化鉴定而用于下一步骤。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-苯并[d]呋喃-2-基甲基-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]
喹啉-1,10-二酮
在室温下,向N-{N-(苯并[d]呋喃-2-基甲基)[7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-羰基氨基}(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺(6.2g,11mmol)在THF(150ml)中的混合物中加入甲磺酸(29ml,44mmol)的THF(70ml)溶液。搅拌该溶液过夜,然后加入水(~500ml)使所述产物沉淀。收集乳白色固体并用水和乙醚冲洗。在500mTorr中,于30℃干燥所述物质过夜,得到标题化合物,为灰白色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.74(br s,1H),11.96(br s,1H),8.15(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.44(dd,J=2.0,8.9Hz,1H),7.25(m,2H),6.84(s,1H),5.27(s,2H).C20H12N3O4Cl-0.1H2O-0.3CH3SO3H计算值:C,57.45;H,3.18;N,9.90;测得值:C,57.61;H,3.20;N,9.91。实施例5:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(喹啉-4-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b] 喹啉-1,10-二酮
采用实施例4的方法,用喹啉-4-甲醛作为原料合成标题化合物。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.87(br s,1H),12.10(br s,1H),9.16(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),8.61(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.19-8.15(m,2H),8.08(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.01(dd,J=7.5,7.8Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.47(dd,J=1.8,8.7Hz,1H),5.84(s,1H)。实施例6:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b] 喹啉-1,10-二酮甲磺酸盐
2-氯甲基吡嗪
用N-氯丁二酰亚胺(4.27g,31.5mmol)和苯甲酰基过氧化物(0.26g,1.1mmol)处理在四氯化碳(80ml)中的2-甲基吡嗪(1.0ml,22mmol)。加热该混合物至回流7小时,然后冷却至室温。通过硅藻土过滤固体并用DCM洗涤。用硫代硫酸钠水溶液(饱和的,1x)、碳酸氢钠水溶液(饱和的,1x)、水(1x)和氯化钠水溶液(饱和的,1x)洗涤该滤液,用Na2SO4干燥含有5-10%a,a-二氯化物的有机层,过滤,在减压下浓缩,直接用于下一步反应。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ4.88(s,2H),8.65-8.68(m,2H),8.85(s,1H)。
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(吡嗪-2-基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
在氮气下,向2-氯甲基吡嗪(1.2g,93mmol)和无水DMF(16ml)的搅拌溶液中加入肼基甲酸叔丁酯(6.3g,48mmol)和三乙胺(2.6ml,19mmol)。然后在75℃加热该反应混合物17小时并冷却至室温。用水稀释该反应混合物并用乙醚(5x)提取。用盐水洗涤合并的醚提取物并用Na2SO4干燥。过滤掉Na2SO4并在减压下浓缩该滤液,得到一种棕色的油状物(1g)。使该油状物经快速层析(硅胶,2-5%甲醇在DCM中的梯度液),得到标题化合物,为一种蜡状的棕色固体(1.64g,79%)。1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6 TFA振摇):δ1.44(s,9H),4.53(s,2H),8.71-8.78(m,2H),8.81(s,1H)。
N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉
基)]-N-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)甲酰胺
在氮气下,向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,2.3g,7.2mmol)和无水THF(100ml)的搅拌混合物中加入CMC(4.56g,10.8mmol)。在搅拌20分钟后,用(叔丁氧基)-N-[(吡嗪-2-基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(1.6g,7.1mmol)和DMAP(46mg,0.4mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液处理该反应混合物。在回流下搅拌该反应混合物2天并冷却至室温。过滤该反应混合物并用THF洗涤该滤饼。浓缩合并的滤液和洗液。得到一种棕色的泡沫状物(4.9g)。使该泡沫状物经快速层析(硅胶,2%甲醇/DCM),得到标题化合物(3.1g,82%)。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-
1,10-二酮甲磺酸盐
在氮气下,向N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)甲酰胺(3.1g,5.9mmol)和无水THF(100ml)的搅拌混合物中加入甲磺酸(13.5ml,0.21mol)。搅拌该混合物过夜,过滤,并用THF洗涤收集的固体。用甲醇处理该固体并超声处理该混合物1小时。通过过滤再次收集固体,用甲醇洗涤并在真空下于50℃干燥,得到标题化合物(2.0g,80%),为一种白色粉末,m.p.235-245℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 2.38(CH3CO2H,s,3H),5.27(s,2H),7.44(dd,1H,J=1.8,8.7Hz),8.04(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),8.14(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),8.58(dd,2H,J=2.4,7.5Hz),8.63(s,1H)。C16H10ClN5O3·CH3SO3H·H2O计算值:C,43.46;H,3.43;N,14.90;测得值:C,43.28;H,3.34;N,15.17。实施例7:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(5-异噁唑啉基)甲基-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b] 喹啉-1,10-二酮
N′-异噁唑-5-基甲基-肼羧酸叔丁酯
在氮气氛下,将5-溴甲基-异噁唑(1.62g,10mmol)、肼基甲酸叔丁酯(5.29g,40mmol)和碳酸钠(2.76g,20mmol)在DMF(25ml)中的混合物加热到80℃ 6小时。冷却该混合物并使其在乙酸乙酯(100ml)和水(200ml)之间分配。用盐水(3×50ml)洗涤该有机层并用MgSO4干燥。通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。通过真空蒸馏(50mTorr,80℃)移去残余的DMF和过量的肼基甲酸叔丁酯。使该残余物经层析(硅胶,1/1乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物,为一种白色固体(1.01g,49%).1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.38(s,9H),4.01(s,2H),5.13(bs,1H),6.38(s,1H),8.38(s,1H),8.48(s,1H)。
N′-[7-氯-4-羟基-2-(吡咯烷基-1-羰基)喹啉基-3-羧基]-N′-异噁唑-5-
基甲基-肼羧酸叔丁酯
向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,1.51g,4.7mmol)在THF(50ml)中的搅拌浆状物中加入CMC(4.24g,10mmol)并搅拌该反应物5分钟。向该混合物中加入N′-异噁唑-5-基甲基-肼羧酸叔丁酯(1.0g,4.7mmol)和DMAP(0.06g,0.5mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液。加热所述混合物至回流1.5小时,然后在室温下放置16小时。过滤掉所述固体并用DCM(2×50ml)洗涤。用旋转蒸发器蒸发合并的滤液至干。使该残余的固体进行层析(硅胶,1/9甲醇/DCM),得到标题化合物,为灰白色固体(2.09g,86%),MS(Cl)m/z:514/516。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(5-异噁唑啉基)甲基-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹
啉-1,10-二酮
向N′-[7-氯-4-羟基-2-(吡咯烷-1-羰基)-喹啉-3-羧基]-N′-异噁唑-5-基甲基-肼羧酸叔丁酯(1.0g,1.94mmol)的THF(50ml)溶液中加入甲磺酸(5.2ml)。在18小时后通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂并通过加入水(100ml)使所述产物沉淀。通过真空过滤收集所述固体并用水(2×50ml)洗涤,然后在真空(50mTorr,30℃)下干燥16小时。将所述固体悬浮在乙醚(45ml)和甲醇(5ml)中并超声10分钟。通过真空过滤收集固体,用乙醚(2×30ml)洗涤,并在真空(500mTorr,30℃)下干燥18小时。得到标题化合物,为一种黄色的固体(0.54g,81%)。1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ5.27(s,2H),6.44(s,1H),7.45(dd,1H,Jo=8.7Hz,Jm=1.8Hz),8.03(d,1H,Jm=1.8Hz),8.15(d,1H,Jo=8.7Hz),8.53(s,1H,Jm=1.8Hz),11.99(s,1H),12.82(s,1H)。C15H9ClN4O4·0.4H2O计算值:C,51.20;H,2.81;N,15.92;测得值:C,51.48-51.33;H,2.79-2.77;N,15.60-15.57。实施例8:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(嘧啶-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b] 喹啉-1,10-二酮
用按照Barnes,J.H.,等,Eur.J.Med.Chem.Chim.Ther.1988,23,211-216所述制备的4-氯甲基嘧啶作为原料,通过实施例7的方法合成标题化合物。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.77(br s,1H),9.12(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.74(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.45(dd,J=2.1,8.7Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),5.20(s,2H)。
实施例9:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(呋喃-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并 [4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮
N-1-氮杂-2-(2-呋喃基)乙烯基)(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺
向肼基甲酸叔丁酯(131.5g,0.99mol)在己烷(1000ml)中的搅拌浆中加入2-糠醛(91.9g,0.95mol)。回流所述浆状物2.5小时,然后冷却至室温。过滤所产生的棕色固体,干燥,无须进一步纯化而用于下一步反应(200g,99%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.52(s,9H),6.45(dd,1H,J=3.3,1.2Hz),6.71(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),7.47(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),7.91(s,1H)。
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(2-呋喃基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
在一个一升、三颈圆底烧瓶上装配一个附加漏斗、氮气入口和一个顶部机械搅拌器。在真空下干燥该设备并用稳定的氮气流冲洗。将氢化锂铝(7.75g,0.20mol)和THF(30ml)装入该烧瓶中。将N-1-氮杂-2-(2-呋喃基)乙烯基)(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺(20g,0.095mol)溶解于THF(250ml),然后用30分钟缓慢地将其加入到搅拌的氢化锂铝悬浮液中。通过用THF(2×30ml)冲洗将在附加漏斗中的任何残余的物质洗入该烧瓶中。搅拌该反应物过夜,用冰浴冷却,然后用饱和的Na2SO4水溶液小心地猝灭。过滤产生的混合物并用THF洗涤所收集的固体。浓缩合并的滤液和洗液至一种油状物,用己烷(约600ml)搅拌该油状物18小时。过滤产生的混合物并浓缩滤液,得到所需物质,为一种黄色的油状物(10.0g,50%).1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.46(s,9H),3.99(d,2H,J=4.9Hz),4.21(br s,1H),6.17(br s,1H),6.24(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.32(dd,1H,J=3.0,1.2Hz),7.38(d,1H,J=1.2Hz)。
(+/-)-N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢
喹啉基)]-N-(2-呋喃基甲基)甲酰胺
向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,26.99g,84.3mmol)在THF(1300ml)中的搅拌浆状物中加入二异丙基碳化二亚胺(13.94g,110mmol)并搅拌该反应物10分钟。向该混合物中滴加(叔丁氧基)-N-[(2-呋喃基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(22.9g,103mmol)的THF(200ml)溶液。在搅拌该反应物18小时后,在真空下浓缩为一种棕色的焦油,用氯仿研磨该焦油,过滤所产生的混合物,用氯仿洗涤并干燥。所述物质未经纯化用于下一步反应(质量约30g)。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(2-呋喃基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-
1,10-二酮
向(+/-)-N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-(2-呋喃基甲基)甲酰胺(29.00g,56.3mmol)的THF(1000ml)搅拌溶液中加入甲磺酸(118ml)并在室温下搅拌该反应物18小时。将该反应混合物倾入到3升冰水上并过滤所产生的混合物,得到一种灰白色固体。将该物质溶解于热THF(约1升)中,然后浓缩到原体积的一半。将产生的浆状物倾入到冰水(2升)上,20分钟后过滤该混合物。干燥所收集的物质,得到标题化合物,为一种白色固体(14.4g,74%,m.p.>265℃).1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ5.08(s,2H),6.37(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.42(dd,1H,J=3.0,1.5Hz),7.43(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.54(s,1H),8.00(d,1H,J=1.5Hz),8.14(d,1H,J=8.7Hz)。C16H10ClN3O4计算值:C,55.91;H,2.93;N,12.23;测得值:C,56.10;H,2.98;N,12.03。实施例10:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(呋喃-3-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b] 喹啉-1,10-二酮
N-1-氮杂-2-(3-呋喃基)乙烯基)(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺
向呋喃-3-甲醛(2.0g,21mmol)的THF(100ml)溶液中加入肼基甲酸叔丁酯(2.8g,21mmol)和浓HCl(5滴)。搅拌该溶液6小时并浓缩。用己烷研磨所产生的固体,得到标题化合物(4.2g,20mmol,97%),为一种桃色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.77(br s,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.71(dd,J=1.5,1.5Hz,1H),6.77(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),1.45(s,9H).
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(3-呋喃基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
向N-1-氮杂-2-(3-呋喃基乙烯基)(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺(2.0g,9.5mmol)的甲醇(50ml)溶液中加入氰基氢硼化钠(3.0g,48mmol)和乙酸(6ml)。加热该溶液到65℃ 1小时,然后冷却该混合物到室温,用水猝灭并在真空下除去甲醇。用乙酸乙酯吸收该残余物并用饱和的碳酸氢钠、水和盐水冲洗,然后用Na2SO4干燥。过滤并浓缩,用硅胶层析(4∶1己烷∶乙酸乙酯)纯化该残余物,得到标题化合物(930mg,4.4mmol,46%),为一种澄清的油状物。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ8.26(br s,1H),7.58(dd,J=1.5,1.5Hz,1H),7.53(s,1H),6.42(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),4.64(brs,1H),3.69(s,2H),1.39(s,9H).
(叔丁氧基)-N-[[7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-3-
(呋喃基甲基)羰基氨基}甲酰胺
向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,1.4g,4.4mmol)在THF(25ml)中的搅拌浆状物中加入CMC(3.7g,8.8mmol)。搅拌下,向该搅拌的淡黄色混合物中加入(叔丁氧基)-N-[(3-呋喃基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(930mg,4.4mmol)和N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(80mg,660μmol)的THF(20ml)溶液。在N2下回流所产生的混合物3小时,然后冷却并过滤。浓缩滤液,得到一种固态的黄色泡沫,在硅胶上层析(10%甲醇-CH2Cl2)该黄色泡沫,得到标题化合物(2.1g,4.1mmol,93%),为一种浅黄色固体。将该物质直接用于下一步骤。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(呋喃-3-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-
1,10-二酮
在室温下,向(叔丁氧基)-N-{[7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-3-(呋喃基甲基)羰基氨基}甲酰胺(1.4g,2.8mmol)在THF(30ml)中的混合物中加入甲磺酸(7.2ml,110mmol)的THF(25ml)溶液。搅拌该溶液过夜,此时加入水使所述产物沉淀。收集该固体,用水和乙醚冲洗并在50ml 10%甲醇的乙醚溶液中超声15分钟。收集所产生的黄色固体,用乙醚冲洗并在30℃和50mTorr中干燥3小时,得到标题化合物(750mg,2.1mmol,75%),为一种浅黄色的固体。1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.63(br s,1H),11.91(s,1H),8.13(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.61(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.43(dd,J=1.8,8.7Hz,1H),6.46(s,1H),4.92(s,2H).C16H10N3O4Cl·0.1H2O计算值:C,55.62;H,2.98;N,12.16;测得值:C,55.67;H,3.15;N,11.77。实施例11:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(噻吩-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b] 喹啉-1,10-二酮
用噻吩-2-甲醛作为原料,通过实施例4的方法合成标题化合物。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.71(bs,1H),11.91(s,1H),8.14(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.42-7.45(m,2H),7.10(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.98(dd,J=3.6,5.1Hz,1H),5.23(s,2H)。实施例12:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(噻吩-3-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b] 喹啉-1,10-二酮
用噻吩-3-甲醛作为原料,通过实施例4的方法合成标题化合物。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.64(br s,1H),11.92(br s,1H),8.14(d,J=8.7,1H),8.02(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.48-7.54(m,1H),7.43(dd,J=1.2,8.7,1H),7.37(s,1H),7.08(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),5.08(s,2H)。实施例13:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并 [4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮
苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲醛
在-78℃,向苯并[b]噻吩(10g,74.5mmol)的无水THF(12ml)溶液中加入65ml 1.6M在己烷中的正丁基锂。10分钟后,加入DMF(23ml,298mmol)。将该反应物温热至室温,然后回流3小时。蒸发THF并将残余物倾入1N HCl和冰中。用乙醚(2x)提取该酸性溶液。用1N HCl(3x)、饱和的NaHCO3(1x)、盐水(1x)洗涤合并的乙醚提取物,然后用MgSO4干燥。过滤掉MgSO4并浓缩滤液至油状物,用NaHSO3处理该油状物。收集形成的固体,用NaHCO3水溶液处理,然后用DCM提取。用MgSO4干燥该DCM溶液并蒸发,得到标题化合物,为一种黄色的油状物(3.2g,26%产率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.44(dd,1H,J=6.9,7.2Hz),7.51(dd,1H,J=6.9,8.1Hz),7.91(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.95(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),8.04(s,1H),10.12(s,1H).
(叔丁氧基)-N-(1-氮杂-2-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基乙烯基)甲酰胺
向苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲醛(3.2g,19.7mmol)和肼基甲酸叔丁酯(2.6g,19.7mmol)的乙醇(20ml)搅拌溶液中加入3滴浓HCl。在30分钟后过滤该混合物,用乙醚洗涤该固体并在真空下干燥,得到标题化合物(3.8g,70%产率)。1H NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3):δ1.54(s,9H),7.30-7.36(m,2H),7.40(s,1H),7.71-7.74(m,1H),7.78-7.81(m,1H),7.89(s,1H),8.31(br s,1H).
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
向(叔丁氧基)-N-(1-氮杂-2-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基乙烯基)甲酰胺(1.8g,6.5mmol)在THF(6ml)中的浆状物中加入氰基氢硼化钠(0.75g,11.9mmol)。滴加对甲苯磺酸(1.86g,9.8mmol)的THF(6ml)溶液。在搅拌过夜后,用乙酸乙酯稀释该反应物并用饱和的NaHCO3(1x)和饱和的NaCl(1x)洗涤。用K2CO3干燥该乙酸乙酯溶液。过滤掉K2CO3并在减压下浓缩滤液。用饱和的NaHCO3处理该产生的固体过夜并用DCM提取。用Na2SO4干燥该DCM溶液。过滤掉Na2SO4并浓缩滤液,得到标题化合物,为一种白色固体(1.7g,76%产率)。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.44(s,9H),4.68(s,2H),7.36-7.45(m,2H),7.45(s,1H),7.78-7.86(m,2H).
N′-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基-N′-[7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷-1-羰基)-1,4-
二氢喹啉-3-羰基]肼羧酸叔丁酯
在氮气下,向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,1.59g,5.0mmol)和无水THF(60ml)的搅拌混合物中加入CMC(3.19g,7.0mmol)。随后加入(叔丁氧基)-N-[(苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(1.37g,5.0mmol)和二甲基氨基吡啶(27.8mg,0.21mmol)的THF(15ml)溶液。在回流下加热该反应物过夜并过滤该混合物。用层析(MeOH/CH2Cl2,5/95,v/v)纯化浓缩的滤液,得到标题化合物,为一种黄色的固体(771mg,24%产率)。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]
喹啉-1,10-二酮
在0℃、氮下,向N′-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基-N′-[7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷-1-羰基)-1,4-二氢喹啉-3-羰基]肼羧酸叔丁酯(760mg,1.3mmol)和无水THF(16ml)的搅拌混合物中加入甲磺酸(3.0ml,4.44g,46.2mmol)。在搅拌过夜后,蒸发THF并在冰浴中冷却残余物。加入水并收集产生的沉淀,用甲醇超声处理并在真空下干燥,得到标题化合物,为灰白色固体(470mg,88%产率),m.p.>300℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ5.38(s,2h),7.30-7.38(m,2H),7.40(s,1H),7.44(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.90(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),7.82(d,1H,7.2Hz),8.06(s,1H),8.15(d,1H,J=8.7Hz)。C20H12ClN3O3S计算值:C,58.61;H,2.95;N,10.25;测得值:C,58.42;H,3.19;N,10.20。
实施例14:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(1,3-噻唑-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪 并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(1,3-噻唑-2-基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
向噻唑-2-甲醛(0.95g,8.42mmol)和肼基甲酸叔丁酯(1.17g,8.87mmol)的乙醇(15ml)搅拌溶液中加入1.10ml冰乙酸,随后加入氰基氢硼化钠(2.18g,34.7mmol)。在50℃加热该反应混合物并搅拌72小时。用2N NaOH(30ml)猝灭该反应并用乙酸乙酯(3×30ml)提取该产生的溶液。用盐水(40ml)洗涤合并的有机层,然后用Na2SO4干燥。过滤掉Na2SO4并通过硅胶层析(乙酸乙酯:DCM,25∶75,v∶v)纯化该滤液,得到标题化合物(0.62g,32%产率),为一种白色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.38(s,9H),4.15(d,2H,J=3.9Hz),5.34(d,1H,J=3.9Hz),7.63(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),7.70(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),8.42(br s,1H).
N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉
基)]-N-(1,3-噻唑-2-基甲基)甲酰胺
在氮气下,向7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,0.90g,2.80mmol)和无水THF(60ml)的搅拌混合物中加入CMC(1.45g,3.42mmol)。随后加入(叔丁氧基)-N-[(1,3-噻唑-2-基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(0.5g,2.20mmol)和二甲基氨基吡啶(79.1mg,0.65mmol)的THF(15ml)溶液。在回流下加热该反应物过夜,在冷却后,过滤该反应混合物。用硅胶层析(MeOH∶CH2Cl2,5∶95,v∶v)纯化该浓缩的滤液,得到标题化合物,为一种黄色固体(0.97g,83%产率)。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(1,3-噻唑-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹
啉-1,10-二酮
在0℃、氮气下,向N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-(1,3-噻唑-2-基甲基)甲酰胺(760mg,1.3mmol)和无水THF(40ml)的搅拌混合物中加入甲磺酸(5.4ml,7.99g,83.2mmol)。在搅拌过夜后,蒸发THF并在冰浴中冷却残余物。加入水并收集产生的沉淀,用甲醇超声处理。通过抽滤收集固体并在真空下干燥,得到标题化合物,为一种白色固体(648mg,78%产率),mp>300℃。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ5.38(s,2H),7.45(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.70(d,1H,J=3.3),7.76(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),8.04(s,1H),8.15(d,1H,8.7Hz)。C15H10ClN4O3S·H2O·H3CSO3H计算值:C,40.38;H,3.39;N,11.77;测得值:C,40.63;H,2.98;N,11.39。实施例15:
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(咪唑-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b] 喹啉-1,10-二酮
N-(1-氮杂-2-咪唑-2-基乙烯基)(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺
将2-咪唑甲醛(10.2g,106mmol)溶解于THF中。向该溶液中加入肼基甲酸叔丁酯,随后滴入2滴浓盐酸。搅拌该反应物过夜,浓缩并用己烷研磨,得到标题化合物,为一种白色固体(22g,99%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.47(s,9H),7.08(s,2H),7.92(s,1H),10.93(brs,1H),12.58(br s,1H).
(叔丁氧基)-N-[(咪唑-2-基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺
在室温下,将10%披钯碳(0.50g)和N-(1-氮杂-2-咪唑-2-基乙烯基)(叔丁氧基)甲酰胺(3.0g,14.0mmol)在甲醇(40ml)和浓盐酸(1.15ml,14.0mmol)中的混合物氢化(40psi)18小时。通过硅藻土过滤该反应物并在减压下蒸发滤液,得到一种油状物。加入氢氧化钠(5N,2.8ml)中和该油状物,然后用乙酸乙酯(80ml)稀释。用水(1×20ml)和氯化钠(饱和水溶液,1×20ml)洗涤乙酸乙酯层,然后用Na2SO4干燥。移去乙酸乙酯,得到标题化合物,为一种油状物(2.42g,80%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.36(s,9H),3.84(d,2H,J=4.2Hz),4.82(br s,1H),6.91(s,2H),8.25(br s,1H),11.84(br s,1H).
N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉
基)]-N-(咪唑-2-基甲基)甲酰胺
将7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)氢喹啉-3-羧酸(实施例1,2.42g,7.54mmol)、(叔丁氧基)-N-[(咪唑-2-基甲基)氨基]甲酰胺(2.0g,9.43mmol)和CMC(4.14g,9.80mmol)在THF(50ml,无水)中的混合物回流18小时。过滤该反应物并收集固体。用水,然后用乙醚洗涤该固体。在真空下干燥该物质,得到标题化合物,为一种白色固体(1.0g,25%)。
7-氯-4-羟基-2-(咪唑-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-
1,10-二酮
向N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基氨基][7-氯-4-氧代-2-(吡咯烷基羰基)(3-氢喹啉基)]-N-(咪唑-2-基甲基)甲酰胺(1.0g,1.94mmol)的THF(30ml)搅拌溶液中加入甲磺酸(5ml)并搅拌该反应物过夜。在真空下除去挥发物并向该残余的油状物中加入乙醚(200ml)。搅拌该混合物10分钟,然后使其分为两层,醚层和棕色的油层。倾出乙醚并向该棕色油中加入水(5ml)。短时间后,形成沉淀并通过真空过滤收集。用乙醚(3×20ml)洗涤该沉淀,然后在20ml 10/1的乙醚/甲醇中超声15分钟。过滤该物质,用乙醚洗涤并在真空下干燥,得到标题化合物(0.24g,25%)。1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.31(CH3SO3H),5.41(s,2H),7.42(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.67(s,2H),7.99(s,1H),8.15(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),12.7(br s,1H),11.98(br s),12.93(br s,1H),14.28(br s,1H)。C15H10ClN4O3·1.6CH3SO3H计算值:C,40.08;H,3.32;N,14.08;测得值:C,40.37;H,3.12;N,14.34。生物功能试验 试验A:
抑制[ 3 H]-MDL105,519的结合
化合物对NMDA受体甘氨酸点的结合可以通过测量受试化合物抑制氚化MDL105,519对带有所述受体脑膜的结合的能力进行评估。
大鼠脑膜:在本试验中使用的大鼠脑膜从Analytical BiologicalServices Inc.获得,或基本依照B.M.Baron等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.250,162(1989)的方法制备。简要地说,在0.32M蔗糖中均化来自雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠的包括脑皮层和海马的新鲜脑组织并低速离心以使细胞膜和其它的细胞成分分离。然后用去离子水洗涤所述膜3次,随后用0.04%Triton X-100处理。最后在50mM Tris柠檬酸盐缓冲液、pH 7.4中洗涤该膜6次并在-80℃冷冻直到使用。
[3H]MDL105,519(72Ci/mmol)购自Amersham。冷的MDL105,519购自Sigma/RBI。基本依照B.M.Baron等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.279,62(1996)所述如下进行结合试验。在试验的当天,在室温下解冻脑膜并将其悬浮在50mM Tris柠檬酸盐缓冲液、pH 7.4(“TAB”)中。为竞争结合,每毫升蛋白质(用BioRad染料)采用75微克。本试验使用96孔平皿进行。在室温下,在250μl的总体积中用20μl各种浓度的化合物和1.2nM[3H]MDL105,519孵育膜30分钟。用100μM的未标记的MDL105,519测定非特异性结合。将未标记的MDL105,519和化合物溶解于DMSO中作为12.5mM储备溶液。在每个孔中最终的DMSO浓度保持在1%以下,发现该浓度不会改变结合的结果。在孵育后,通过用一个Packard收集器在GF/B Unifilter板上过滤移去未结合的[3H]MDL105,519。用冰冷的TAB(总体积1.2ml缓冲液)洗涤滤器四次。在室温下干燥该板过夜并且在每孔中加入45μl MICROSCINT O后,在一个Packard TopCount上测量结合的放射活性。
人脑膜:从Analytical Biological Services Inc.获得人脑膜并按照对鼠膜的描述进行试验。
数据分析:用Microsoft Excel电子制表软件和GraphPad Prizm软件分析数据,化合物的效力表示为Ki(nM)。
试验B:
福尔马林试验
福尔马林试验为评估化合物在大鼠中抑制福尔马林诱导的感受伤害行为的能力的测试方法(D.Dubuisson,等,Pain 4,161-174(1977);H.Wheeler-Aceto等,Psychopharmacology 104,35-44(1991);T.J.Coderre,等,Pain 54,43-50(1993))。在该试验中,观察福尔马林诱导的行为的两个不同的阶段。第一阶段反应发生于0-5分钟之间,由对注射进入爪中的有害化学物质(福尔马林)的急性感受伤害引起。随后是注射后5到15分钟的静息期。在静息期后第二阶段的反应发生在15分钟后并持续最长可达60分钟,由在灰质后角的中枢神经元的致敏作用引起。脊柱中的中枢神经元的致敏作用增加有害物质的传入量并引起更强的疼痛干扰(barrage)传输到大脑。因此,抑制第二阶段反应的抑制预示药物作用的中枢机制。
福尔马林试验的步骤如下:将雄性大鼠放置在有机玻璃箱中并观察30到45分钟,以观察它们的基础活性。用媒介物或用不同剂量的试验化合物预处理动物。给予动物媒介物或试验化合物,3小时后在后爪的背侧皮肤下注射0.05ml无菌的1%福尔马林。对在第一阶段期间(0-5分钟)和第二阶段期间(20-35分钟)爪子退缩的次数(反应)打分并记录。退缩反应与盐水对照组的平均评分比较并计算抑制百分率。ED50为在第一和第二阶段反应中化合物对感受伤害反应产生50%抑制的剂量。第一阶段反应可以由作用于外围的化合物和作用与中枢的化合物所抑制。第二阶段反应由中枢活性化合物所抑制。
Student’s t检验用于统计分析以便确定化合物作用的显著性。以产生反应抑制%的剂量报告数据。试验C:
神经痛模型(慢性压缩伤害)
用慢性压缩伤害(“CCT”)模型测试化合物抗痛觉过敏的性质。本试验为一个与神经伤害有关的神经病疼痛,所述神经伤害可以由创伤和压迫直接引起,或由各种疾病如感染、癌症、代谢性疾病、毒素、营养缺乏、免疫机能障碍和肌与骨骼的改变间接引起。在该模型中通过神经结扎引起大鼠单侧外周痛觉过敏(G.J.Bennett等,Pain 33,87-107(1988))。
程序上,用戊巴比妥钠麻醉Sprague-Dawley大鼠(250-350g)并用钝器解剖法通过股二头肌在大腿中部水平暴露坐骨神经。使一段邻近坐骨三叉分支(trifucation)的神经(大约7mm)游离组织并用铬的肠缝线在四个位置结扎。在各结扎之间大约相隔1mm处使该缝合线打节。按层(in layer)缝合切口并让动物复原。用爪子退缩试验(K.Hargreaves等,Pain 32,77-88(1988))测量热痛觉过敏。为了进行该试验,使动物习惯于在一个升高的玻璃地板上。对着后爪脚底中部(坐骨神经区域)通过玻璃板安装一个辐射的热源,该热源具有一个20秒断流器(cut-off)以防损伤皮肤。记录在两个后爪中退缩反射反应的延迟时间。
具有结扎神经的受伤爪子与未受伤的或伪装手术的爪子相比显示更短的爪子退缩反应的延迟时间。在口服给药后的不同时间评估对试验化合物的反应,以便测定化合物作用的开始和持续时间。当进行该试验时,CCI大鼠组每天3次口服接受媒介物或试验化合物共5天。每天在第一个日剂量给药前10分钟和服药后2或3小时测量爪子退缩反应时间。化合物的效力表示为相对于媒介物处理组动物痛觉过敏减轻的平均百分率,如下计算:
用多方式比较检验(multiple means comparison test)(Dunnett’s test)进行数据分析并且表示结果,化合物的效力表示为MED(最小有效剂量),以mg/Kg/天表示,产生的痛觉过敏减轻百分率(%)在统计学上具有显著意义。
表1显示本发明的某些化合物的试验A、B和C的结果。在该表中未提供数据的地方,表示未进行该试验。
表1
试验AKi(nM) | 试验B第一阶段剂量(抑制%) | 试验B第二阶段剂量(抑制%) | 试验CMED(抑制%) | |
实施例1 | 79 | 70(52%) | 70(57%) | 30(71%) |
实施例2 | 99 | 200(74%) | 200(71%) | 30(59%) |
实施例3 | 146 | 200(56%) | 200(46%) | 30(31%) |
实施例4 | 44 | 30(44%) | ||
实施例5 | 371 | |||
实施例6 | 189 | 30(64%) | ||
实施例7 | 39 | 15(49%) | ||
实施例8 | 513 | |||
实施例9 | 61 | 200(56%) | 200(46%) | 15(77%) |
实施例10 | 24 | 30(41%) | ||
实施例11 | 29 | 15(-17%) | ||
实施例12 | 34 | 15(17%) | ||
实施例13 | 56 | 15(1%) | ||
实施例14 | 128 | 30(26%) | ||
实施例15 | 103 |
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗感受疼痛的患者的方法,该方法包括给予改善疼痛有效量的根据结构式I的任何化合物:其中:
A为(CH2)n,其中n具有选自0、1、2、3或4的值;
D选自具有1、2或3个选自氧、氮或硫的环原子的5-元或6-元杂芳基基团或其苯基衍生物,和
R1为卤代基。
2.一种根据权利要求1的方法,该方法包括给予改善疼痛有效量的根据结构式I的化合物,其中:
D选自吡啶基、喹啉基、吡嗪基、吡二嗪基、呋喃基、苯并[b]呋喃基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、苯并[b]噻吩基和噻唑基。
4.一种根据权利要求3的方法,该方法包括给予改善疼痛有效量的根据结构式II的化合物,其中:
D选自吡啶基、喹啉基、吡嗪基、吡二嗪基、呋喃基、苯并[b]呋喃基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、苯并[b]噻吩基和噻唑基。
5.一种根据权利要求3的方法,该方法包括给予改善疼痛有效量的选自以下的化合物:7-氯-4-羟基-2-(4-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮;7-氯-4-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮;7-氯-4-羟基-2-(2-吡啶基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮;7-氯-4-羟基-2-苯并[d]呋喃-2-基甲基-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(喹啉-4-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-二甲基氨基甲酰基-2-吡啶-4-基甲基-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(吡嗪-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(5-异噁唑啉基)甲基-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(嘧啶-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(呋喃-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(3-呋喃基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(噻吩-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(噻吩-3-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(1,3-噻唑-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮7-氯-4-羟基-2-(咪唑-2-基甲基)-1,2,5,10-四氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,10-二酮。
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BG (1) | BG106832A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0016646A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2394561A1 (zh) |
CO (1) | CO5271687A1 (zh) |
EE (1) | EE200200348A (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1048767A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP0300043A3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL150202A0 (zh) |
IS (1) | IS6428A (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA02006154A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20022990L (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ519389A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL355850A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2238094C2 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK8802002A3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001047523A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE327235T1 (de) * | 2000-09-29 | 2006-06-15 | Astrazeneca Ab | 1,2,5,10-tetrahydropyridazino 4,5-böchinolin-1, 0-dione und ihre anwendung in der behandlung von schmerzen |
AU2002214441A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-08 | Astrazeneca Ab | 1,2,5,10-tetrahydropyridazino(4,5-b)quinoline-1,10-diones and their use for the treatment of pain |
AU2001292500A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-08 | Astrazeneca Ab | 1,2,5,10-tetrahydropyridazino(4,5-b)quinoline-1,10-diones and their use for the treatment of pain |
SE0403172D0 (sv) * | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Astrazeneca Ab | Manufacturing process |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IL111266A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 2002-03-10 | Zeneca Ltd | 2-HETEROARYL OR 2-ARYLPYRIDAZINO [4,5-b] QUINOLINE - 1, 10 - DIONES, THEIR PREPARATION AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM |
AU2420201A (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-09 | Astrazeneca Ab | Compounds and methods for the treatment of pain |
EP1244664A1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2002-10-02 | AstraZeneca AB | Compounds and methods for the treatment of pain |
US6730675B2 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2004-05-04 | Astrazeneca Ab | Compounds and methods for the treatment of pain |
-
2000
- 2000-12-19 CN CN00819119A patent/CN1434714A/zh active Pending
- 2000-12-19 US US10/168,745 patent/US20030162783A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-19 HU HU0300043A patent/HUP0300043A3/hu unknown
- 2000-12-19 EE EEP200200348A patent/EE200200348A/xx unknown
- 2000-12-19 NZ NZ519389A patent/NZ519389A/en unknown
- 2000-12-19 BR BR0016646-4A patent/BR0016646A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-19 PL PL00355850A patent/PL355850A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-19 RU RU2002115273/14A patent/RU2238094C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-19 WO PCT/SE2000/002605 patent/WO2001047523A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-19 CA CA002394561A patent/CA2394561A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-19 MX MXPA02006154A patent/MXPA02006154A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-19 AU AU25660/01A patent/AU783499B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-19 SK SK880-2002A patent/SK8802002A3/sk not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-19 IL IL15020200A patent/IL150202A0/xx unknown
- 2000-12-19 KR KR1020027008040A patent/KR20020062983A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-19 EP EP00989115A patent/EP1248621A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-19 JP JP2001548117A patent/JP2003518499A/ja active Pending
- 2000-12-20 AR ARP000106798A patent/AR027038A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-21 CO CO00097101A patent/CO5271687A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2002
- 2002-06-18 BG BG106832A patent/BG106832A/bg unknown
- 2002-06-19 IS IS6428A patent/IS6428A/is unknown
- 2002-06-20 NO NO20022990A patent/NO20022990L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2003
- 2003-02-10 HK HK03100969.4A patent/HK1048767A1/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20020062983A (ko) | 2002-07-31 |
WO2001047523A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
PL355850A1 (en) | 2004-05-31 |
NO20022990D0 (no) | 2002-06-20 |
BR0016646A (pt) | 2002-10-08 |
US20030162783A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
AR027038A1 (es) | 2003-03-12 |
JP2003518499A (ja) | 2003-06-10 |
NO20022990L (no) | 2002-08-20 |
BG106832A (bg) | 2003-03-31 |
NZ519389A (en) | 2004-05-28 |
RU2238094C2 (ru) | 2004-10-20 |
EE200200348A (et) | 2003-08-15 |
HK1048767A1 (zh) | 2003-04-17 |
AU2566001A (en) | 2001-07-09 |
CO5271687A1 (es) | 2003-04-30 |
HUP0300043A3 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
SK8802002A3 (en) | 2003-06-03 |
EP1248621A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 |
HUP0300043A2 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
MXPA02006154A (es) | 2002-12-05 |
IL150202A0 (en) | 2002-12-01 |
IS6428A (is) | 2002-06-19 |
AU783499B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
CA2394561A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
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