CN1434066A - 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的连续生产 - Google Patents
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的连续生产 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明公开一种制备热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的连续方法。该方法在130~250℃实施,包含:至少一种聚醚二醇与至少一种有机二异氰酸酯,以及1,4-二-(2,2’-羟乙基)-氢醌在二辛酸锡作为催化剂的存在下进行反应。生成的热塑性聚氨酯的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于50℃。本发明热塑性聚氨酯适合制造注塑或挤塑制品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用芳族增链剂生产可热塑加工聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)的连续、催化方法。更具体地说,本发明TPU显示低于50℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。
热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的应用领域之所以广泛是因为它们显示优良弹性体特性并且它们能够容易地进一步热塑加工。一篇有关TPU、其特性及其应用的综述刊载于例如:《塑料》68(1978)819;《橡胶、天然生胶和塑料》35(1982)569;以及《塑料手册》G.Becker,D.Braun主编,卷7,“聚氨酯”慕尼黑,维也纳,Carl Hanser出版社1983。一篇关于生产方法的综述载于《塑料成型机》40(1989)中。
大多数TPU是由诸如聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇之类的线型多元醇、有机二异氰酸酯和作为增链剂的短链醇,优选二官能醇构成。此类TPU既可按间歇也可按连续方式生产。
一般而言,增链剂是短链二醇,大多是脂族二醇,包括例如,乙二醇、丁二醇和己二醇。利用极少使用的芳族链来增链,例如,利用氢醌的羟亚烷基醚的热塑性聚氨酯具有热稳定性特别高、弹性非常高和压缩永久变形低的特点。
一种特别适合制造柔软、不粘连薄膜的可热塑加工软弹性体描述在EP-A-0 308 683中。它是由混合聚酯(分子量1800~3600)和有机二异氰酸酯以及芳族二醇增链剂制成的。此种TPU优选按一步法在开始温度110~140℃的反应器中采用辛酸亚锡(tin)或二月桂酸锡作为催化剂在几分钟的时间内制成。
一种基于特殊芳族增链剂的玻璃化转变温度至少50℃的硬TPU公开在美国专利5,574,092中。在制造时,采用一步间歇法生产,起始温度80~100℃,采用0.02~2wt%催化剂如有机锡化合物。未公开接触时间。所制备的TPU经流延制成片材并冷却。
以上所描述的两种方法皆不适合经济地生产TPU,因为它们的接触时间过长和/或它们的操作成本高昂。
一种在两个联合操作的反应器中、高温下制造TPU的连续方法公开在美国专利5,795,948中。该方法容许经济地制造TPU。该程序要求多步骤工艺,其中第一步,多元醇与二异氰酸酯混合。在第二步中,一种异氰酸酯链端的预聚物在反应器中、大于100℃的温度下生成。在第三步中,该预聚物与分子量介于62~500的增链剂二醇混合。在第四步,反应在第二反应器中在高剪切作用下完成。聚酯在实施例中作为多元醇,丁二醇作为增链剂。特别提到采用搅拌管反应器与双螺杆挤出机的组合作为反应器。
然而,倘若芳族增链剂与该普通TPU催化剂,例如,钛催化剂,在美国专利5,795,948中公开的程序中组合使用,结果将获得一种性能低下的不均一产物。另外,在常规的熔体过滤中还常常出问题。
美国专利6,022,939公开通过二异氰酸酯与聚醚以及含取代的苯和链烷二醇的增链剂混合物在二月桂酸二丁基锡作为催化剂的存在下起反应制备TPU的方法。该产物采取间歇方式制造,接触时间大于1h。然而,在连续生产的制造条件下,又由于因第二增链剂的干扰导致结晶度的降低,结果获得一种不均一、发粘到难以除掉的产物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生产具有高热稳定性和非常高弹性的可热塑加工聚氨酯弹性体的连续和经济的方法。该目的是采用反应组分与反应参数的特殊组合实现的。
本发明涉及一种在130~250℃进行的、制备玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于50℃的可热塑加工聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)的连续方法,该方法包含使:
A)至少一种聚醚二醇,平均具有1.8~2.2个Zerewitinoff活性氢原子和450~10,000的数均分子量(Mn),
B)至少一种有机二异氰酸酯,以及
C)1,4-二-(2,2’-羟乙基)-氢醌
在10~1,000ppm,以聚醚(A)为基准,的二辛酸锡作为催化剂的存在下进行反应,条件是,A)、B)和C)的NCO/OH比值介于0.85~1.2。
如此制备的TPU可任选地包含为达到各自技术上公认的功能而加入的辅助剂或助剂。脂族、环脂族、芳脂族、芳族和杂环二异氰酸酯或者这些二异氰酸酯的任意混合物均可用作有机二异氰酸酯(B)(合适的二异氰酸酯公开在HOUBEN-WEYL《有机化学方法》卷E2-“大分子物质”,Georg Thieme出版社,斯图加特,纽约1987,pp.1587~1593;和《Justus Liebigs Anomalies of Chemistry》562页,75~136页,在此将这两篇一并收作参考)。
例子包括脂族二异氰酸酯如二异氰酸亚乙基酯、二异氰酸1,4-亚丁基酯、二异氰酸1,6-亚己基酯、1,12-十二烷二异氰酸酯;环脂族二异氰酸酯如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、1-甲基-2,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯和1-甲基-2,6-环己烷二异氰酸酯,乃至对应异构混合物,4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,乃至对应异构混合物;另外,合适的有芳族二异氰酸酯如2,4-甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯,2,4-甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯与2,6-甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯的混合物、4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、氨基甲酸乙酯改性的液态4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二异氰酸根合二苯乙烷-(1,2)和1,5-萘二异氰酸酯。优选的异氰酸酯是1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的异构混合物,其中4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯含量大于96wt%,尤其是4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和1,5-萘二异氰酸酯。所给出的二异氰酸酯既可以单独也可以彼此的混合物形式使用。它们还可与最高15mol%(按总二异氰酸酯为基准计)多异氰酸酯一起使用,但最多仅有这么多的多异氰酸酯可以加入,以便所获得的产物依然可热塑加工。多异氰酸酯的例子是三苯甲烷-4,4’,4”-三异氰酸酯和多苯基-多亚甲基多异氰酸酯。
反应物(A)包括至少一种聚醚二醇,它平均具有1.8~2.2个Zerewitinoff活性氢原子和450~10,000的数均分子量(Mn)。
合适的聚醚二醇可通过烯(或亚烷基)残基中具有2~4个碳原子的一种或多种氧化烯,与包含两个活性氢原子的启动分子之间的反应来制备。氧化烯,作为例子可举出的有:环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷、表氯醇和1,2-环氧丁烷以及2,3-环氧丁烷。环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷,以及1,2-环氧丙烷与环氧乙烷的混合物是优选使用的。氧化烯可分别使用也可以彼此的混合物形式使用。启动分子的例子包括水、氨基醇如N-烷基二乙醇胺,例如,N-甲基-二乙醇胺,和诸如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇和1,6-己二醇之类的二醇。任选地,也可使用启动分子的混合物。
其他合适的聚醚二醇是含羟基基团的四氢呋喃的聚合产物。也可使用0~30wt%,以二官能聚醚二醇为基准计,的三官能聚醚三醇,然而,其最高用量以保证所生成的产物仍然可热塑加工为度。优选的是平均具有1.8~2.2个Zerewitinoff活性氢原子和450~6,000的数均分子量(Mn)的基本线型聚醚二醇。它们既可分别使用也可以彼此的混合物形式使用或者以与聚酯二醇的混合物形式使用。聚酯二醇替代聚醚二醇也是一种选择。
单官能化合物可用作所谓链终止剂,其用量最高为2wt%,相对于TPU而言。例如,合适的那些是单胺,如丁基和二丁基胺、辛基胺、十八烷基胺、N-甲基十八烷基胺、吡咯烷、哌啶或环己胺,一元醇如丁醇、2-乙基己醇、辛醇、十二烷醇、十八烷醇、各种戊基醇、环己醇和乙二醇单甲醚。
化合物(A)和(C)的相对数量选择为使(B)中的总异氰酸酯基团数目与(A)和(C)中的总异氰酸酯活性氢原子数目之间的比值介于0.85∶1~1.2∶1,更优选0.95∶1~1.1∶1。
二辛酸锡被用作催化剂,其用量介于10~1,000ppm,优选50~300ppm,相对于聚醚(A)而言。
本发明热塑性聚氨酯弹性体可包含那些其在TPU中的功能已知的辅助物质或助剂,用量最高20wt%,相对于TPU总重量而言。典型的辅助物质或助剂包是染料、颜料、耐焰剂、增强剂、抗老化影响(例如,抗水解、光照、热和变色)的稳定剂和各种元素、柔软剂、抗粘连剂、抑制剂、润滑剂和脱模剂、具有杀真菌和抑菌作用的物质以及无机和/或有机填料及其混合物。
润滑剂的例子是脂肪酸酯、其金属皂、脂肪酸酰胺、脂族酯酰胺和硅氧烷化合物。增强剂尤其是纤维增强材料,如,无机纤维,任选地以润滑剥离剂加以处理过。有关上面提到的任选辅助物质和助剂的更详细信息可参见技术文献,例如,收作参考的专著:J.H.Saunders和K.C.Frisch的,题为《高聚合物》卷XVI,“聚氨酯”部分1和2,国际科学出版社,分别于1962和1964出版;R.Gaechter和H.Mueller的《塑料添加剂袖珍手册》(Hanser出版社,慕尼黑1990);以及DEA29 01 774。
其他可加入到TPU中的添加剂是热塑性塑料,例如,聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯-三元共聚物,特别是ABS。其他弹性体如橡胶、乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物和苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物乃至其他TPU也同样可以使用。
本发明的连续生产程序在130~250℃的温度实施。在该程序中,反应开始前,原料聚醚A)和二醇C)被加热到130~230℃,有机二异氰酸酯加热到50~150℃。反应终点,由于是放热反应,将达到180~250℃。
本发明的TPU可按照传统混合头/皮带程序或所谓挤出机程序来制造。在挤出机程序中,例如,在多轴挤出机中,组分A)、B)和C)的喂入可同时进行,就是说在一步法程序中,或者一个接一个地,就是说按照一种预聚物程序。按此方式,预聚物既可间歇地也可连续地制备。在连续预聚物方法中,预聚物是在挤出机的第一部分中或者在单独的位于前面呈串连的预聚物单元(aggregate)中制造的。此种预聚物单元可以是搅拌管式反应器或一个或多个顺序排列的静态混合器。
按照连续预聚物程序制造的TPU是优选的,而尤其优选的是在挤出机中进行的预聚物程序。
从反应开始到其完成并获得TPU熔体的总反应时间介于0.3~3min,优选0.5~2min。
制备的TPU熔体优选在挤出机的出口端利用网眼尺寸30~300μm的过滤筛进行过滤。
本发明的TPU可进一步加工,例如,聚合物可以条或块状形式进行调和,在粉碎机或磨中粉碎或造粒,脱气乃至趁熔融状态造粒。优选的是,聚合物被引导通过一个连续脱气和线料成形的单元(aggregate)。作为此种单元(aggregate),可以是仅配备少数几个捏合要素(kneader)的,任选地根本没有捏合作用的多轴挤出机。
本发明的高温、短停留时间连续制造程序能够生产出具有特殊综合特性的这样一类TPU。
按照本发明程序制造的TPU非常均一,具有非常好的机械和弹性性能并以其高热稳定性为特征。按照本发明制造的TPU可用于注塑制品和挤塑中。如此制造的注塑片材质地均一并具有非常好的机械性能。
本发明将通过下面的实施例进一步说明,但不限于此,其中所有份数和百分数均指重量而言,除非另行指出。
具体实施方式
配方1(实例1、3~5)
62.1重量份(pbw)聚环氧丁烷(数均分子量约1000)与0.1重量份季戊四醇的四(3(3,5-to-1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯和相应催化剂(参见表格)一起加热到各自的开始温度,产生一种混合物。该混合物连续地喂入到3个串连的在线静态混合器(Sulzer DN50)中。与此同时,28.4重量份4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(60℃)被泵送到该静态混合器中。
获得的预聚物喂入到挤出机(Werner & Pfleiderer;ZSK 120)的第一进料口中,同时9.4重量份1,4-二-(2,2’-羟乙基)-氢醌通过进料口3连续地加入。螺杆的旋转速度是240rpm。
在挤出机的出料端,熔体接受网眼尺寸200μm的插入式金属筛的过滤,以线料形式挤出,在水浴中冷却并造粒。
配方2(实例2)
进入挤出机(ZSK 120)的另外的进料流是:A)通过挤出机的进料口1的混合物(A):
61.9重量份 聚环氧丁烷(数均分子量约1000)
0.1重量份 季戊四醇的四(3(3,5-to-1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-
羟苯基)丙酸酯
0.2重量份 己二醇
催化剂(参见表格)B)加入挤出机的进料口1
9.4重量份 1,4-二(2,2’-羟乙基)氢醌C)加入挤出机的进料口3
28.4重量份 4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。
配方3(实例6和7)
按照与配方1配合采用的程序,但采用如下原料喂入:42.1重量份 聚环氧丁烷(数均分子量约1000)0.1重量份 季戊四醇的四(2(3,5-to-1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-
羟苯基)丙酸酯
催化剂(参见表格)37.5重量份 4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯20.3重量份 1,4-二(2,2’-羟乙基)-氢醌
试样由粒料在注塑机(螺杆直径28cm-Kloeckner)中制成。硬度测定按照DIN 53505,抗张性能测定按照DIN 53504。
结果总括在下表中。产品的均一性和明显延长的滤网操作寿命是采用本发明程序的突出优点。参见表格:TAC代表乙酰丙酮酸钛,SND代表二辛酸锡。
在涉及TPU的连续生产的实施方案中,非均相杂质通过,例如,熔体过滤网(例如,在挤出机出口)而滤除。熔体过滤网前的压力随时间而升高。一旦达到最大允许压力,就需更换滤网。(更换前经过的时间代表滤网操作寿命)。采用本发明程序,生成的非均相物相当少,因此滤网操作寿命大大长于实施已知程序时。
按照本发明程序制造的产品非常均一并显示与采用已知程序制造的产品相比改进的机械性能数值(最终抗张强度/伸长)。
表1总括了TPU制备中采用的条件,包括本发明的TPU(实例3、4、5和7)以及不属于本发明范围的那些(1、2和6)。
表1
HNH-代表高度不均一,H代表均一,NH代表不均一*对比例,不按照本发明TAC-乙酰丙酮酸氧钛SND-二辛酸锡表2总括了产品的性能表2
*玻璃化转变温度TG,来自动态机械分析(DMA)
实例 | 配方 | 催化剂/用量(ppm) | 开始温度,多元醇(℃) | ZSK温度(℃) | 滤网操作寿命(hours) | 注塑试样质量 |
1* | 1 | TAC/10 | 180 | 180-220 | 0.3 | HNH |
2* | 2 | TAC/10 | 195 | 180 | 0.3 | NH |
3 | 1 | SND/110 | 215 | 200-240 | 2 | H |
4 | 1 | SND/110 | 154 | 180-210 | 2 | H |
5 | 1 | SND/110 | 138 | 150-200 | 4 | H |
6* | 3 | TAC/10 | 180 | 160-180 | 0.3 | NH |
7 | 3 | SND/110 | 160 | 160-180 | 2 | H |
实例 | 玻璃化转变温度*(℃) | 肖氏硬度 | 拉伸速率,抗张试验[mm/min] | 100%-模量[MPa] | 抗张强度[MPa] | 断裂伸长[%] |
1* | -46 | 84A | 50 | 6.4 | 38 | 400 |
2* | -45 | 87A | 50 | 6.9 | 34 | 400 |
3 | -46 | 87A | 50 | 6.8 | 47 | 438 |
4 | -46 | 88A | 50 | 6.8 | 51 | 458 |
5 | -46 | 86A | 50 | 6.6 | 51 | 480 |
6* | -19 | 63D | 500 | 23 | 36 | 347 |
7 | -19 | 60D | 500 | 27 | 39 | 393 |
虽然上面为说明的目的已对本发明做了详细描述,但要知道,这些细节仅为此目的而已,本领域技术人员在不偏离本发明精神和范围的条件下可从中做出各种变换方案,所不同的是本发明范围可以唯一地由权利要求书限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种在130~250℃制备热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的连续方法,该方法包含:使,
A)至少一种聚醚二醇,平均具有1.8~2.2个Zerewitinoff活性氢原子和450~10,000的数均分子量(Mn);与
B)至少一种有机二异氰酸酯,以及
C)1,4-二-(2,2’-羟乙基)-氢醌,
在10~1,000ppm,以(A)为基准,的二辛酸锡作为催化剂的存在下进行反应,
条件是,反应物A)、B)和C)的NCO/OH比值介于0.85~1.2,所述热塑性聚氨酯的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于50℃。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中制备在挤出机中进行。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中制备按预聚物方法实施。
4.权利要求2的方法,其中制备按预聚物方法实施。
5.按照权利要求1的方法制备的聚氨酯弹性体。
6.权利要求5的聚氨酯弹性体,其还含有至少一种选自辅助物质和助剂的组分。
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CN101111353B (zh) | 2004-06-24 | 2011-09-28 | 世纪-博得美国公司 | 用于三维泡沫产品的连续成型设备 |
US7794224B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2010-09-14 | Woodbridge Corporation | Apparatus for the continuous production of plastic composites |
CA2646735A1 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-10-04 | Century-Board Usa, Llc | Extrusion of polyurethane composite materials |
US9481759B2 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2016-11-01 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Polyurethanes derived from highly reactive reactants and coal ash |
US8846776B2 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2014-09-30 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Filled polyurethane composites and methods of making same |
EP2763847A4 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2015-08-19 | Boral Ip Holdings Australia Pty Ltd | INORGANIC POLYMER / ORGANIC POLYMER COMPOSITES AND METHODS FOR PREPARING THE SAME |
US10138341B2 (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2018-11-27 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Use of evaporative coolants to manufacture filled polyurethane composites |
US9752015B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 | 2017-09-05 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Filled polymeric composites including short length fibers |
WO2016118141A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-28 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Highly filled polyurethane composites |
US10030126B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2018-07-24 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Filled polyurethane composites with lightweight fillers |
WO2017082914A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Filled polyurethane composites with size-graded fillers |
CN107383853B (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2020-02-07 | 苏州奥斯汀新材料科技有限公司 | 一种高雾度高耐磨热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法 |
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BE759829A (fr) * | 1969-12-03 | 1971-06-03 | Upjohn Co | Preparation de polyurethanes |
US3901852A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1975-08-26 | Upjohn Co | Thermoplastic polyurethanes prepared from 4,4'-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) |
DE19625987A1 (de) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-01-02 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von thermoplastisch verarbeitbaren Polyurethanen mit verbessertem Verarbeitungsverhalten |
US5959059A (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1999-09-28 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Thermoplastic polyether urethane |
US5840233A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1998-11-24 | Optimer, Inc. | Process of making melt-spun elastomeric fibers |
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- 2003-01-09 MX MXPA03000244A patent/MXPA03000244A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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US20030158365A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
KR20030060810A (ko) | 2003-07-16 |
ZA200300185B (en) | 2004-02-04 |
TW200307701A (en) | 2003-12-16 |
MXPA03000244A (es) | 2005-02-14 |
EP1327643A1 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
JP2003212953A (ja) | 2003-07-30 |
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