CN1417499A - 耐磨涂层和涂有该涂层的无声链 - Google Patents

耐磨涂层和涂有该涂层的无声链 Download PDF

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CN1417499A
CN1417499A CN02150255A CN02150255A CN1417499A CN 1417499 A CN1417499 A CN 1417499A CN 02150255 A CN02150255 A CN 02150255A CN 02150255 A CN02150255 A CN 02150255A CN 1417499 A CN1417499 A CN 1417499A
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coating
inorganic material
silent chain
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CN1297689C (zh
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永井淳一
永尾宪一
岩本计政
小野田昌弘
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Tsubakimoto Chain Co
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Abstract

一种能够给予无声链出色耐磨性的耐磨涂层，其包括一包括硬无机材料的基体涂层，其中分散有包括不同于该基体涂层的无机材料的硬无机材料的颗粒。分散的颗粒的一部分暴露于所述涂层的表面上。由于在该颗粒和该基体涂层之间的界面处形成有间隙，该涂层具有出色的油保持性能，并且该出色的油保持性能有助于该涂层的耐磨性。

Description

耐磨涂层和涂有该涂层的无声链
技术领域
本发明涉及适于用作无声链的表面涂层的耐磨涂层，该无声链用作汽车、摩托车或类似物中的传动链。
背景技术
近年来，无声链已经用来在高速和高负载条件下的传递动力。在典型的无声链中，多个链条板P布置在由连接销Q相互连接的交替层中，每个链条板分叉以便在一侧提供一对齿，如图3所示。在每个链条板P的分叉部分上，两个外齿侧表面R1用作外齿侧啮合无声链中的啮合表面，或两个齿侧表面R2用作内齿侧啮合无声链的啮合表面。在任一情况下，啮合表面与链轮啮合并将动力从链条传递到链轮或从链轮传递到链条。即使链条的节距加长，也保持了链条板和链轮之间的紧密接触。由此，这些无声链产生小的噪声，并适用于高速操作和需要无噪声操作的应用中。
由于这些无声链在高速和高负载条件下使用，为了改进耐磨性，通过CVD工艺、PVD工艺、喷涂、扩散涂层或类似方法在链条的滑动表面上设置例如碳化钛(TiC)、碳化钒(VC)或类似物的硬的无机材料涂层。
为改善耐磨性，已经提出在无声链的表面上形成具有扩散的碳化铬颗粒的铬铁合金，使得该表面在保持韧性的同时具有增强的硬度。
然而，在无声链的表面上设置所述硬的无机材料涂层会遇到许多问题。涂层表面上的负载和滑动速度极大，并当由于在涂层表面上长时间使用润滑剂增加了例如磨下的粉末和类似物的外部物质时，涂层表面用作分界层，造成温度升高。造成涂层表面氧化，并且不能获得充分的耐磨性。
如日本公开专利公告号Sho.57-85967中描述的，当通过该表面经过铬化处理使得带有扩散的碳化铬颗粒的铬铁合金层形成在无声链的表面上，该表面的硬度通过碳化铬的颗粒改进。然而，由于形成基体涂层的铬铁合金层是金属，该层不具有充分耐磨性。另外，近年来，由于需要高速操作和长的使用寿命，使用在发动机中的无声链需要改进的耐磨性。
由此，本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术的问题，提供具有出色润滑油保持性能的耐磨涂层，并提供具有出色耐磨性的涂层无声链。
发明内容
对于无声链具有特殊用途的本发明的耐磨涂层，其包括由硬无机材料组成的基体涂层，其中分散有由不同于基体无机材料的硬无机材料组成的颗粒，并且其中分散颗粒的一部分暴露于该涂层表面上。最好是，该基体涂层的硬无机材料是碳化钒，并且该分散的颗粒是氧化铝。
当涂层施加在用于无声链的连接销的表面上时，可抑止由该无声链弯曲造成的连接销和链条板之间的磨损，并同样降低链条老化磨损拉长的量。因此，改善了该链条的使用寿命。
在本发明中，可使用多于两种无机材料作为分散的颗粒，只要该分散颗粒的无机材料不同于用作基体涂层的硬无机材料即可。
如果涂层形成其上的母体或基体材料是通常使用在无声链中的例如钢或类似物的金属时，该涂层可没有问题地施加。然而，该基体材料可同样施加在工程塑料或陶瓷上。
本发明的耐磨涂层当其如上所述施加在无声链上时显示出特别有益的效果。然而，其用途不局限于无声链，该涂层可施加在例如滚子链、用于木材加工的刀片链和类似物的链条上。
按照本发明，由硬的无机材料组成的基体涂层具有不同于该基体涂层的无机材料的硬无机材料的分散颗粒，并且分散颗粒的一部分暴露于该涂层的表面上，各自的硬无机材料相互互补。
由于该基体涂层材料和分散在该基体涂层材料中的颗粒两者由硬无机材料构成，在该基体涂层材料和分散的无机颗粒之间的界面处形成有微小间隙。该微小间隙增强了该涂层的液体保持性能。因此，润滑油或类似物可渗透进入这些微小间隙中，并有助于降低该涂层表面的磨损。
由于该基体涂层的硬无机材料是碳化钒，并且该分散的颗粒是氧化铝，碳化钒的高硬度和氧化铝的抗氧化性能相互作用以便产生耐磨性的显著改进。
当此耐磨涂层形成在无声链表面至少一部分上时，即使在例如高温和氧化环境(例如空气)的恶劣的传动环境下，可长时间保持耐磨性，并因此该涂层有助于该链条的使用寿命延长。
特别是，当无声链在使用中连续由润滑油湿润时，由于该耐磨涂层的液体保持性能，显示出在其他表面涂层材料中未发现的出色的耐磨性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的耐磨涂层的截面示意图；
图2是本发明的耐磨涂层的磨损测试结果的条形图；以及
图3是表示无声链结构的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1中本发明的耐磨涂层10形成在例如无声链的连接销的母体11上，该母体与材料12相对并与之滑动接触，该材料可以是该链条的链条板。基体涂层10a由例如碳化钒的硬无机材料组成。例如氧化铝颗粒的颗粒10b分散在该基体涂层中。图1的上部和下部看到的箭头表示母体11相对于相对的材料12的滑动方向。
如图1清楚所示，由于耐磨涂层10在碳化钒的基体涂层10a中具有分散的氧化铝颗粒10b，分散的颗粒10b的一部分暴露于涂层表面上。
涂层10可通过粉末装填方法在扩散涂层工艺中将氧化铝颗粒添加在粉末中来形成。然而，在母体11表面上形成耐磨涂层10的方法不特别作出限制。
为调查该耐磨涂层的磨损性能，如下描述进行磨损测试。在本发明的实例中，厚度为15：m的碳化钒形成在母体上。在该涂层中，每个颗粒直径为1：m或更小的球形氧化铝颗粒均匀分散。作为比较实例，厚度为15：m的碳化钒的单层涂层形成在相同材料的母体上。
形成有该涂层的母体设置在往复摩擦测试机上，并测量在负载重量为637N和滑动速度为0.6m/s条件下大约20小时的往复所产生磨损量。
如图2所示的测试结果所示，与单层碳化钒涂层显示的磨损相比涂有分散的氧化铝颗粒的碳化钒显示出显著更小的磨损量。
因此形成在无声链的表面上的耐磨涂层10形成具有油保持性能的微小间隙。这种间隙不可能存在于硬无机材料颗粒分散在由常规金属材料组成的基体涂层中的耐磨涂层中。因此，该微小间隙改善了该涂层的液体保持性能，并且例如润滑油的润滑剂可渗透进入该间隙中，以实现出色的耐磨性。
在上述本发明的实例中，球形氧化铝颗粒分散在碳化钒基体涂层中。然而，即使这些材料是优选的，用作该基体涂层材料的硬无机材料与分散在该基体涂层中的颗粒的结合不分别局限于碳化钒和球形氧化铝颗粒。例如，碳化铬、碳化钛和类似物可用作取代碳化钒的基体涂层材料。同样，该分散的颗粒可选自例如氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化铬和类似物的无机材料。可以使用多于两种的无机材料，只要该分散的颗粒是不同于用作该基体涂层材料的一种或多种硬无机材料的一种或多种硬无机材料即可。该分散的颗粒可采用除球形之外的任何不同形状，例如板形、多边颗粒形状、纤维形状或类似物。
该耐磨涂层和涂有所述耐磨涂层的无声链显示出多个有益效果，如下所述。
当由硬无机材料组成的基体涂层在其中分散有由不同于该基体涂层的无机材料的硬无机材料组成的颗粒，并且该分散颗粒的一部分暴露于该涂层表面上时，各自硬无机材料的性能互补，并与使用硬无机材料本身的情况相比显著改善了耐磨性。另外，由于例如润滑油的润滑剂渗透进入形成在该基体涂层材料和该分散硬无机颗粒之间的界面处的微小间隙，改善了该涂层的液体保持性能，并且显著抑止该涂层的磨损。
当形成该基体涂层的硬无机材料时碳化钒时，并且分散在该基体涂层中的硬无机颗粒是氧化铝时，碳化钒的高硬度和氧化铝的抗氧化性能相互作用，使得该涂层的耐磨性进一步改善。
在具有上述耐磨涂层的无声链中，可长时间保持耐磨性，并且该无声链的使用寿命显著改善。特别是，在使用中由润滑油湿润的无声链中，可通过将湿润与该涂层的液体保持性能相结合实现优于其他表面涂层材料的耐磨性的出色的耐磨性。

Claims (4)

1.一种耐磨涂层，其包括一包括硬无机材料的基体涂层，其中分散有包括不同于该基体涂层的所述无机材料的硬无机材料的颗粒，并且其中所述分散的颗粒的一部分暴露于所述涂层的表面上。
2.一种涂有如权利要求1所述的耐磨涂层的无声链。
3.如权利要求1所述的耐磨涂层，其特征在于，所述基体涂层的所述硬无机材料是碳化钒，并且所述分散的颗粒是氧化铝。
4.一种涂有如权利要求3所述的耐磨涂层的无声链。
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