CN1394602A - 用于治疗动脉粥样硬化的苯甲酸取代的苯并吡喃 - Google Patents
用于治疗动脉粥样硬化的苯甲酸取代的苯并吡喃 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1394602A CN1394602A CN02125125A CN02125125A CN1394602A CN 1394602 A CN1394602 A CN 1394602A CN 02125125 A CN02125125 A CN 02125125A CN 02125125 A CN02125125 A CN 02125125A CN 1394602 A CN1394602 A CN 1394602A
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- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- atherosclerotic
- treatment
- carboxyl
- mammal
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Abstract
一种治疗哺乳动物,包括人类,动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予上述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的一定量的下式化合物、对映体或其药用盐,其中R1、R2和R3如本文中所定义。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及通过给服有效治疗动脉粥样硬化量的LTB4拮抗剂,优选取代的苯并吡喃或其药学上可接受的盐而治疗哺乳动物,包括人类动脉粥样硬化的方法。按照本发明制备的取代的苯并吡喃在2001年6月28日提交的名称为“用于治疗动脉粥样硬化的苯甲酸取代的苯并吡喃”的美国临时专利申请60/301,712;美国专利5,552,435和6,096,906;以及PCT国际申请公开WO96/11925、WO 96/11920和WO 93/15066中提到过。前述每一美国及PCT国际专利以及专利申请全文作为参考引入本文。
动脉粥样硬化病变的形成可出现在五个相互重叠的阶段中,所述阶段如迁移,脂质堆积,炎性细胞的补充,血管平滑肌细胞的增殖以及细胞外基质沉积。其中每一步骤都可以出现在动脉粥样硬化的人和动物模型中,但是各步骤对病变相对作用以及病变的临床意义尚不清楚。
单核细胞的补充和激活为发展动脉粥样硬化病变的一个方面[参见Gerrity,R.G,Cellular Events In Early Atherogenesis In Swine,In Swine InBiomedical Research,M.E.Tumbleson,Editor.1985,Plenum Press:New York.p.1497-1509]。单核细胞的补充由细胞-特异性化学吸引剂控制,包括花生四烯酸代谢产物白细胞三烯B4(LTB4)。LTB4和B4异白三烯通过与在炎性细胞如中性白细胞、嗜酸细胞和巨噬细胞上表达的高亲合力LTB4受体(BLTR)结合而诱导产生它们的作用[参见Yokomizo T等人,Nature,1997;387:620-624]。在临症前期疾病模型如试验性的自身免疫脑心肌炎、胶原诱导的关节炎和同种移植物,BLTR拮抗剂显示能抑制中性白细胞、嗜酸细胞和巨噬细胞的补充[参见Weringer E.J.等人,Transplantation,1999;67(6):808-815;GriffithsR等人,Proc NatlAcad Sci USA,1995;92:517-521;以及Showell H.J.等人,Journal of Pharmaology and Experimental Therapeutics,1995:273:176-184]。因此,LTB4或其他与LTB4受体结合的配位体可以是前动脉粥样硬化的表现。
本发明的发明人在此说明了在数个动脉粥样硬化的鼠模型中,特定的LTB4受体拮抗剂,例如苯甲酸取代的苯并吡喃,可以延缓病变的发展。
发明概要
其中在上述式I化合物中,R3-取代的苯甲酸部分连接在苯并吡喃环的6或7碳上;
R1为-(CH2)qCHR5R6,其中q为0到4;
R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、氟、氯、(C1-C6)烷基(如甲基)、(C1-C6)烷氧基(如甲氧基)、苯亚磺酰基(phenylsulfinyl)、苯磺酰基(phenylsulfonyl)以及(C1-C6)烷基-S(O)n-,其中n为0到2;其中上述的R2和R3烷基部分无论存在于何处都可独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;并且其中上述的R2和R3苯基部分无论存在于何处都可独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;
R5为氢、(C1-C6)烷基(如甲基)或苯基;
其中所述的R5苯基任选地由一个到三个独立地选自氟、氯、(C1-C6)烷基(如甲基)、(C1-C6)烷氧基(如甲氧基)、苯亚磺酰基、苯磺酰基和(C1-C6)烷基-S(O)n-(其中所述的n为0到2,如(C1-C6)烷硫基),(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基或(C1-C6)烷磺酰基的部分取代;并且其中所述的烷基部分无论存在于上述苯基的何处都可独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;并且其中所述的苯亚磺酰基和苯磺酰基部分无论存在于上述苯基取代基的何处都可独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;
R6为氢,(C1-C6)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,苯基或5到10元杂芳基;
其中所述R6苯基任选地由一个到三个独立地选自氟,氯,(C1-C6)烷基(如甲基),(C1-C6)烷氧基(如甲氧基),苯亚磺酰基,苯磺酰基和(C1-C6)烷基-S(O)n-(其中所述n为0到2,如(C1-C6)烷硫基),(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基或(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基的部分取代;并且其中所述烷基部分无论存在于上述苯基取代基的何处都可独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;并且其中所述的苯亚磺酰基和苯磺酰基部分无论存在于上述苯基取代基的何处都可独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;以及
其中所述的5到10元杂芳基任选地由一个到两个独立地选自氟,氯,(C1-C6)烷基(如甲基),(C1-C6)烷氧基(如甲氧基),苯亚磺酰基,苯磺酰基和(C1-C6)烷基-S(O)n-(其中所述的n为0到2,如(C1-C6)烷硫基),(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基或(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基的取代基取代;其中所述的烷基部分无论存在于上述5到10元杂芳基取代基的何处都可独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;并且其中所述的苯亚磺酰基以及苯磺酰基部分无论存在于上述5到10元杂芳基取代基的何处都可独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代。
除非另外指出,本文中使用的术语“卤素”表示氟,氯,溴或碘。
除非另外指出,本文中使用的术语“烷基”包括具有直链,支链或其结合的饱和一价烃基。
本文使用的术语“烷氧基(alkyloxy)”包括O-烷基,其中“烷基”定义如上。
除非另外指出,本文中使用的术语“芳基”包括通过除去一个氢而由芳烃衍生得到的有机基团,如苯基或萘基。
除非另外指出,本文中使用的术语“环烷基”指单或二环的碳环(例如,环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基,环辛基,环壬基,环戊烯基,环己烯基,双环[2.2.1]庚基,双环[3.2.1]辛基和双环[5.2.0]壬基,等);任选地包含1或2个双键并且任选地由一个到三个定义如下的合适的取代基如氟,氯,三氟甲基,(C1-4)烷氧基,(C6-10)芳氧基,三氟甲氧基,二氟甲氧基或(C1-4)烷基,更优选氟,氯,甲基,乙基和甲氧基取代。
除非另外指出,本文中使用的术语“杂芳基”包括通过除去一个氢而由芳杂环化合物衍生得到的有机基团,如吡啶基,呋喃基,噻吩基,异喹啉基,嘧啶基以及吡嗪基。
除非另外指出,本文中使用的术语“消旋物(racemate)”包括式I化合物及其对映体的混合物,其中术语“对映体(enantiomer)”定义如上。
用于在本发明方法中的式I化合物具有手性中心并因此存在不同的对映体形式。本发明涉及式I化合物的所有旋光异构体和立体异构体及其混合物,如它们的消旋物。
术语“持续释放(sustained release)”指一种剂型设计用来将式I化合物在约3到约21天的时间范围内释放。在比较长的时间内释放也认作为本发明“持续释放”剂型。
术语“治疗(treating)”表示逆转,减轻,抑制这术语所指向的疾病或状况发展或防止该术语所指向的疾病或状况,或者是逆转、减轻、抑制或预防这样的疾病或状况的一个或多个症状。本文中使用的术语”治疗”指治疗的行为,如定义如上的“治疗”。
术语“LTB4受体拮抗剂(receptor antagonist)”指定义如上的式I化合物。
术语“动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis)”指在五个相互重叠的阶段如迁移,脂质堆积,炎性细胞的补充,血管平滑肌细胞的增殖,以及细胞外基质的沉淀中形成的动脉粥样硬化病变。
本文中使用的术语“LTB4拮抗剂(antagonist)”指任何通过标准测定(如趋化性测定或直接结合测定)得到的具有本发明要求保护的抗LTB4活性的化学或药学分子,如DNA,RNA,反义或有义低核苷酸,单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体或小分子。
本文中使用的术语“小分子(small moleculars)”指分子量低于2000克/摩尔,优选低于500克/摩尔的非-DNA,非-RNA,非-多肽和非-单克隆抗体分子。优选的小分子包含芳环(如芳基或杂芳基)。更优选的小分子包含苯基或苯并吡喃基。最优选的小分子为吩噻嗪-3-酮类化合物包括Merck的L-651,392;脒基化合物类包括Novartis的CGS-25019;苯并恶唑胺类(benzoxaolamines)如ontazolast;benzenecarboximidamides类如Boehringer的BIIL 284/260;2-(取代的)-N-羟基-N-烷基肉桂酰胺如Lilly的LY-233,569;包含ebselen的化合物类;包含linazolast的化合物类;包含Bayer的Bay-x-1005的化合物类;包含Leo Denmark的ETH-615的化合物类;包含Merck的MAFP的化合物类;包含类Terumo的TMK-688的化合物类;包含Tanabe的T-0757的化合物类;包含Lilly的LY-213024,LY-210073,LY-223982,LY-233469,LY-255283,LY-293111,LY-264086和LY292728的化合物类;包含ONO的ONO-LB457,ONO-4057和ONO-LB448的化合物类;包含hionogi的S-2474的化合物类;包含骨化三醇的化合物类;包含Searle的SC-53228,SC-41930,SC-50605和SC-51146的化合物类;包含Warner Lambert的BPC-15的化合物类;包含SmithKline Beecham的SB-209247的化合物类;或者包含SK&F的SKF-104493的化合物类。
本文中使用的术语“病变(lesion)”在Ross,R.The Pathogenesis ofAtherosclerosis in Heart Disease 1106-1124(E.Braunwald ed.,W.B.SaundersCompany 1992)中所述,该文献作为参考引入。
本文中使用的术语“斑(plague)”或“斑稳定性”如Ross,R.ThePathogenesis ofAtherosclerosis in Heart Disease 1106-1124(E.Braunwald ed.,W.B.Saunders Company 1992)所述,该文献作为参考引入。
本文中使用的术语“LTB4的IC50小于约20nM,优选小于约10nM,通过趋化性测定得到的”如Doherty等在The In Vitro and In Vivo PharmacologicActivity of the Potent and Selective Leukotriene B4 receptor AntagonistCP-105,696,J.Pharm.andExp.Ther,273:176-184(1995);以及Showell等在Characterization of The Pharmacological Profile of The Potent LTB4 AntagonistCP-105,696 on Murine LTB4 Receptors In Vitro,Br.J.Pharmacol.,117:1127-1132(1996)所述,上述文献作为参考引入。
本文中使用的术语“药学上可接受的”指载体,稀释剂,赋形剂和/或盐,它们必须与组合物的其他成分兼容,并且不对它们的接受者有害。
在发明的优选方案中,式I化合物抑制脂质病变(lipid lesion)的发展。如在下文中所例举说明的,苯甲酸取代的苯并吡喃抑制哺乳动物中脂质病变的发展。
本发明的优选方案中,所述式I化合物中的R1为苄基,4-氟苄基,4-苯基苄基,4-(4-氟苯基)苄基或苯乙基。
在本发明优选方案中,所述式I化合物中的R2为氢或氟。
在本发明优选方案中,所述的式I化合物中的R3-取代的苯甲酸部分连接在苯并吡喃环的碳7位;并且其中所述的R3-取代的苯甲酸部分为2-羧基苯基,2-羧基-5-氯苯基,2-羧基-4-氯苯基,2-羧基-3-氟苯基,2-羧基-5-氟苯基,2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基,2-羧基-4-氟苯基,2-羧基-6-氟苯基或3-羧基苯基。
在本发明优选方案中,式I化合物中的R1为苄基,R2为氢,并且R3-取代的苯甲酸部分为2-羧基-5-氟苯基。
在本发明优选方案中,式I化合物中的R1为4-苯基苄基,R2为氢,并且R3-取代的苯甲酸部分为2-羧基-5-氟苯基或2-羧基-4-氯苯基。
在本发明特别优选的方案中,所述式I化合物选自
(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃;
(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-氯苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃;
(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-4-氯苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃;
(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-3-氟苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃;
(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-4-氟苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃;
(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-氟苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃;
(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃;和
(3S,4R)-7-(3-羧基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃。
在本发明最优选的方案中,式I化合物为(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃。
在上述的一个具体方案中,式I化合物的量为0.5到1000毫克/天。
在上述的一个具体方案中,式I化合物口服给药。
在上述的另外的具体方案中,式I化合物浸渗(impregnated)在斯坦特印模(stent),如血管内的斯坦特印模,它可以是金属,塑料或可生物降解的聚合物。对于可用于形成它们的植入装置和生物材料的一般讨论,参见H.Kambic等人的,“Biomaterials in Artificial Organs”,Chem.Eng.News,30(1986),该文献作为参考引入。
在上述的另外的具体方案中,式I化合物浸渗在斯坦特印模如血管内斯坦特印模中的为(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃。
用于本发明的斯坦特印模可以包括生物可降解的涂层或多孔的不能生物降解的涂层,其中分散有持续释放的剂型。在一个选择性的具体方案中,生物可降解的斯坦特印模也可具有浸渗在其中(即斯坦特印模基质)的式I化合物。应用其中渗浸有式I化合物的生物可降解斯坦特印模后还可以再涂覆可生物降解涂层或者多孔的非生物可降解的涂层,其中也可以分散有持续释放的剂型。本发明的这个具体方案将提供不同的式I化合物的释放速率,即从该涂层较快地释放式I化合物,接着通过斯坦特印模基质的降解而延迟释放浸渗在斯坦特印模基质中的式I化合物。
在上述的另外的具体方案中,式I化合物浸渗在所述的斯坦特印模如血管内斯坦特印模中,其中所述斯坦特印模进一步涂有生物可降解的涂层或涂有多孔的不能生物降解的涂层,该涂层具有分散于其中的为持续释放剂型的式I化合物。
本发明也涉及治疗具有动脉粥样硬化病变的哺乳动物主体(mammaliansubject)的动脉粥样硬化的方法,其中包括给予所述主体治疗有效量的LTB4拮抗剂,优选小分子,更优选含有苯基或苯并吡喃基的小分子,它们可有效减缓上述病变的发展。
在一个具体方案中,本发明涉及治疗哺乳动物主体,优选人主体中动脉粥样硬化的方法,其中包括给予所述具有动脉粥样硬化病变的主体治疗有效量的LTB4拮抗剂,优选小分子,更优选包含苯基或苯并吡喃基的小分子,它们可通过提高斑稳定性而有效地提高斑的稳定性。
在另一个具体方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗哺乳动物主体,优选人主体动脉粥样硬化的方法,其中包括给予所述具有动脉粥样硬化病变的主体治疗有效量的LTB4拮抗剂,其中所述的拮抗剂选自LTB4受体的抗体和LTB4基因的反义核酸(antisense)。
在另一个具体方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗哺乳动物主体,优选人主体动脉粥样硬化的方法,其中包括给予所述具有动脉粥样硬化病变的主体治疗有效量的LTB4拮抗剂,其中按照趋化性测定,所述的拮抗剂LTB4的IC50值小于约20nM,优选小于约10nM。
在又一个具体方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗哺乳动物主体,优选人主体动脉粥样硬化的方法,其中包括给予所述具有动脉粥样硬化病变的主体治疗有效量的小分子,其中按照趋化性测定,所述小分子的LTB4的IC50值小于约20nM,优选小于约10nM。
在又一个具体方案中,本发明涉及用于治疗具有动脉粥样硬化病变的哺乳动物主体,优选人的动脉粥样硬化的药物组合物,其中包括有效降低所述病变发展形成的一定量的LTB4拮抗剂和药学上可接受的载体。
在上述的另外的具体方案中,式I化合物,优选(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃),与选自下列的一种或多种成分结合给药:(a)白细胞三烯生物合成抑制剂:5-脂氧合酶(5-LO)抑制剂和5-脂氧合酶活化蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂,选自弃白通(zileuton);ABT-761;fenleuton;替波沙林(tepoxalin);Abbott-79 175;Abbott-85761;N-(5-取代的)噻吩-2-烷基磺酰基胺;2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚腙;甲氧基四氢吡喃类,包括Zeneca ZD-2138;化合物SB-210661和该类化合物;包括L-739,010的吡啶基取代的2-氰基萘化合物类;包括L-746,530的2-氰基喹啉化合物类;包括MK-591,MK-886,和BAY×1005的吲哚和喹啉化合物类;(b)白细胞三烯LTB4,LTC4,LTD4和LTE4的受体拮抗剂,选自包括L-651,392的吩噻嗪-3-酮类化合物;包括CGS-25019的脒基化合物类;包括ontazolast的苯并恶唑胺类;包括BIIL 284/260的苯甲酰亚胺酰胺类;以及包括zafirlukast,ablukast,montelukast,pranlukast,verlukast(MK-679),RG-12525,Ro-245913,iralukast(CGP 45715A)和BAY×7195的化合物类;(c)PDE4抑制剂,包括异构体PDE4D的抑制剂;(d)5-脂氧合酶(5-LO)抑制剂或5-脂氧合酶活化蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂;(e)5-脂氧合酶(5-LO)的二重抑制剂和血小板活化因子(PAF)的拮抗剂;(f)白细胞三烯拮抗剂(LTRAs),包括LTB4,LTC4,LTD4和LTE4的拮抗剂;(g)抗组胺H1受体拮抗剂,包括西替立嗪(cetirizine),氟雷他定(loratadine),desloratadine,fexofenadine,阿司咪唑(astemizole),氮卓斯丁(azelastine)和扑尔敏(chlorpheniramine);(h)胃保护性H2受体拮抗剂;(i)用于减轻充血用的口服或局部给药的α1-和α2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂血管收缩拟交感神经剂,包括环己丙甲胺(propylhexedrine),去氧肾上腺素(phenylephrine),苯丙醇胺,假麻黄碱,盐酸萘甲唑啉,盐酸氧甲唑林(oxymetazoline hydrochloride),酸盐四氢唑啉,盐酸丁苄唑啉和盐酸乙基去甲肾上腺素;(j)与5-脂氧合酶(5-LO)抑制剂结合的α1-和α2-肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂;(k)抗胆碱能药剂,包括异丙托溴铵;tiotropium bromide;溴乙东莨菪碱(oxitropium bromide);哌仑西平(pirenzepine)和替伦折平(telenzepine);(1)β1-到β4-肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂,包括异丙喘宁(metaproterenol),异丙肾上腺素(lisoproterend),舒喘宁(albuterol),沙丁胺醇,福莫特罗(formoterol),杀美特罗(salmeterol),叔丁喘宁(terbutaline),间羟异丙肾上腺素(orciprenaline),比托特罗甲磺酸盐(bitolterol mesylate)和吡布特罗(pirbuterol);(m)methylxanthanines,包括茶碱和氨茶碱;(n)色甘酸钠;(o)毒蕈碱受体(M1,M2和M3)拮抗剂;(p)COX-1抑制剂(NSAIDs);COX-2选择性的抑制剂,包括rofecoxib和氧化氮NSAIDs;(q)胰岛素样生长因子I型(IGF-1)模拟物;(r)ciclesonide;(s)具有降低全身性副作用的吸入糖皮质激素,包括强的松,氢化泼尼松,氟尼缩松,丙酮缩去炎松,二丙酸倍氯米松,布地缩松(budesonide),丙酸氟地松(fluticasone propionate)和糠酸毛他松(mometasone furoate);(t)类胰蛋白酶抑制剂;(u)血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;(v)抗内源炎症性实体的单克隆抗体;(w)IPL 576;(x)抗癌坏疽因子(TNFα),包括Etanercept,Infliximab和D2E7;(y)DMARDs,包括Leflunomide;(z)TCR肽;(aa)白细胞介素转换酶(ICE)抑制剂;(bb)IMPDH抑制剂;(cc)粘着分子抑制剂,包括VLA-4拮抗剂;(dd)组织蛋白酶;(ee)MAP激酶抑制剂;(ff)葡萄糖-6磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂;(gg)激肽-B1-和B2-受体拮抗剂;(hh)具有各种亲水基团的金硫形式的金;(ii)免疫抑制剂,例如环孢菌素,硫唑嘌呤和甲氨蝶呤;(jj)抗痛风剂,例如秋水仙素;(kk)黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,例如别嘌醇;(ll)促尿酸尿药,例如丙磺舒,磺吡酮和苯溴马隆;(mm)抗肿瘤剂,特别是抗有丝分裂药,包括长春花生物碱(Vinca alkaloids)如长春花碱(vinblastine)和长春新碱(vincristine);(nn)生长激素促泌剂;(oo)基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)抑制剂,即溶基质素(stromelysin),胶原酶和明胶酶,以及aggrecanase;特别是胶原酶-1(MMP-1),胶原酶-2(MMP-8),胶原酶-3(MMP-13),溶基质素-1(MMP-3),溶基质素-2(MMP-10)和溶基质素-3(MMP-11);(pp)转化生长因子(TGFβ);(qq)血小板衍生的生长因子(PDGF);(rr)成纤维细胞生长因子,例如碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF);(ss)粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF);(tt)辣椒素乳剂;(uu)选自NKP-608C;SB-233412(talnetant)和D-4418的速激肽NK1和NK3受体拮抗剂;(vv)选自UT-77和ZD-0892的弹性蛋白酶抑制剂;(ww)HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂如洛弗斯特丁(Lovastatin);(xx)Lipitor;(yy)Fibric酸如环丙贝特(ciprofibrate)和氯苯丁酯(clofibrate);(zz)胆汁酸结合剂,如消胆胺和降脂树脂II号;(aaa)烟酸;以及(bbb)亲脂性的抗氧化剂如丙丁酚(Probucol)。
在上述中的又一具体方案中,式I化合物以式I化合物的形式给药前体药物。具有游离的氨基,酰胺基,羟基或羧基的式I化合物可以转变为前体药物。前体药物包括其中氨基酸残基或两个或更多(例如二、三或四个)氨基酸残基的多肽链通过肽键的化合物,其中氨基酸残基通过肽键与式I化合物的游离氨基,羟基或羧基共价连接。氨基酸残基包括通常通过三个字母符号表示的20种天然存在的氨基酸,并且还包括4-羟脯氨酸,羟基赖氨酸,锁链素(demosine),异锁链素,3-甲基组氨酸,正缬氨酸,β-丙氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸,瓜氨酸,高半胱氨酸,高丝氨酸,鸟氨酸以及甲硫氨酸砜。前体药物也包括通过前体药物侧链羰基碳以共价键连接到上述式I化合物取代基的化合物,包括碳酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,酰胺以及烷基酯。
发明详述
对于按照本发明的治疗动脉粥样硬化的方法而给予哺乳动物,包括人LTB4受体拮抗剂,特别是苯甲酸取代的苯并吡喃而言,可以使用各种常规途径给药。合适的途径包括口服,肠胃外(例如,静脉内,肌内,腹膜内或皮下注射),颊,直肠,鼻腔内以及透皮给药。一般说来,本发明化合物(下文亦称活性物质)的给药剂量可以在约0.5到1000毫克/天之间。
活性物质优选口服给药。可是,剂量取决于被治疗的主体的症状而需要改变。无论如何,负责给药的人必须确定用于个体主体的合适的剂量。
活性物质可以多种不同的剂型给药,一般说来,在这样的剂型中的本发明化合物的有效量为约5.0%到约70%重量比的浓度范围。
本发明的化合物,异构体,前体药物以及药学上可接受的盐可以与药学上可接受的载体(carrier),赋形剂(vehicle)或稀释剂结合,提供可用于治疗哺乳动物,更优选人类,患者动脉粥样硬化的药物组合物。用于这些药物组合物的具体的载体,赋形剂或稀释剂可以为各式各样的形式,取决于所需的给药类型,例如静脉内,口服,局部,栓剂或肠胃外,优选口服给药。同样,本发明的化合物,异构体,前体药物及其盐可以在任何常规剂型,如口服,肠胃外,直肠或透皮剂型中分别地或共同地给药。
对于口服给药,包含各种赋形剂如微晶纤维素,柠檬酸钠,碳酸钙,磷酸二钙和甘氨酸的片剂可以与各种崩解剂如淀粉(优选玉米,马铃薯或木薯淀粉),藻酸和某些硅酸盐配合物,以及粒化粘合剂(granulation binders)如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,蔗糖,凝胶和阿拉伯胶一起使用。另外,脱模剂(lubricaring agent)如硬脂酸镁,十二烷基硫酸钠和滑石常常用于压片目的。相似类型的固体组分也可作为填料在明胶胶囊中使用;在这方面优选的原料也包括乳糖(lactose)或奶糖(milk sugar)以及高分子量聚乙二醇。当口服给药希望使用水悬剂和/或酏剂时,活性成分也可以结合有各种甜味剂或矫味剂,着色物质或染料,以及根据需要加入的乳化剂和/或悬浮剂,与稀释剂如水,乙醇,丙二醇,甘油和它们的各种相似组合一起使用。对于动物,它们可方便地包含于动物饲料或饮用水中,浓度为5-5000ppm,优选25到500ppm。
对于肠胃外给药(静脉内,肌内,腹膜内或皮下使用)而言,通常制备出活性成分的无菌的可注射溶液。可以使用本发明化合物在芝麻油或花生油或在含水聚乙二醇中的溶液。根据需要,该水溶液应该适当地调整并且缓冲,优选到pH大于8,并且液体稀释剂首先应当是等渗的。这些含水溶液适于静脉注射目的。含油的溶液适于静脉内、肌内以及皮下注射。所有这些在无菌条件下的溶液可通过本领域技术人员已知的标准的药物技术,易于制备。对于动物,化合物可肌内或皮下给药,剂量水平为约0.1到50mg/kg/天,优选0.2到10mg/kg/天,可单剂量给药,也可以至多3次的分剂量给药。
对于颊给药(buccal administration),组合物可为以常规方式配制的片剂或锭剂。
对于直肠给药,本发明的活性物质也可配制为直肠组合物如栓剂或停留灌肠剂,例如包含常规的栓剂基质如可可脂或其他甘油酯的形式。
对于鼻腔内给药或吸入给药,本发明的活性物质以溶液或悬浮液形式从泵喷雾容器方便地释放,该容器通过患者挤压或抽吸,或者将活性物质作为气雾剂的形式,通过使用合适的推进剂,例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其他合适的气体,从加压容器或喷雾器中释放。对于加压气雾剂,剂量单位可以通过提供阀以释放计量量而确定。加压容器或喷雾器可以包含活性化合物的溶液或悬浮液。用于吸入器或吹入器中的胶囊和药筒(例如由凝胶制造)可以配制为包含本发明的化合物和合适的粉末基质如乳糖或淀粉的粉末混合物。
对于透皮给药,可以按照众所周知的给药技术制备透皮贴片,并且将其用于被治疗的哺乳动物,优选人类或狗的皮肤上,随后活性剂凭着它的配制溶解性特征,穿过表皮,迁移进入皮肤层(dennal layer),在此进入总循环,最终在所需的持续时间内提供全身分布的活性成分。同时也包括植入物,其放置在皮肤的表皮层之下,即在被治疗的患者皮肤的表皮和真皮之间。这样一个植入物可按照众所周知的用于这种给药技术的原理和材料配制,并且可以制备成控制、持续和/或延迟释放活性成分到患者的系统循环中的形式。这样的表皮下(角质层下)植入物提供了与透皮贴片相同的安装和输送功效,但是没有由于暴露于患者皮肤顶层而产生的降解,损伤或意外移动的限制。
以下实施例部分将详细地陈述旨在确定式I化合物,优选(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃对哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化,特别是鼠上的效果的试验。
本发明也将涉及将LTB4受体拮抗剂持续释放到靶细胞的方法和剂型。适当地,靶细胞为血管平滑肌细胞,癌细胞,需要调节改善疾病状态的体细胞以及可易受该剂型局部给药影响的免疫系统介导的疾病中的细胞。因此,本发明这方面的方法和剂型可用于抑制哺乳动物宿主中的血管平滑肌细胞,使用抑制该细胞活性(例如迁移,增殖,脂质增殖性病变的形成,收缩,等等)但是不杀死该细胞并且任选的血管平滑肌细胞结合蛋白的LTB4受体拮抗剂。持续释放剂型也可用于该方法的实施。
为药学活性物质体内控制释放而使用的制剂包括用成膜聚合物,蜡,脂肪,硅胶(silica)等等涂层或压片的活性成分的固体颗粒。这些物质用来抑制体内活性成分的溶解,分散或吸收。羟丙基甲基纤维素为可以提供活性成分缓慢或控制释放的成分的一个实施例。该化合物还可以经用于透皮释放的贴片,皮下植入物,灌流泵释放或经植入的持续释放剂型释放。
本发明方法的另一个具体方案涉及由血管内装置,如斯坦特印模,的表面持续释放的方法,该装置使用可以在一周到两年或更长周期内释放本发明LTB4受体拮抗剂的赋形剂基质。产品的表面涂层和注入形式可以为生物可降解的或非生物降解的聚合物或陶瓷材料,它们可以抑制纤维肌细胞的增殖和/或抑制可损害该装置功能的脂质堆积的剂量速率慢慢地释放本发明LTB4受体拮抗剂。纤维肌性细胞以及它们的相关基质,与包含泡沫细胞的脂质一起的堆积,可以减小斯坦特印模的(内)腔区域从而显著影响了血流以及该装置功能衰退的程度。抑制这些增殖可以延长斯坦特印模临床功能的寿命,有利于病人。
本发明这个具体方案的持续释放剂型需要对该装置表面靠近的暴露的细胞释放足够的抗增殖的适当抑制细胞生长的剂量,以治疗动脉粥样硬化。它必须抑制纤维肌细胞和泡沫细胞的细胞附着、迁移和增殖。通过血管内植入具有可变量的本发明LTB4受体拮抗剂的具体装置和聚合物赋形剂的调节物,两者都影响要求达到抑制细胞生长剂量的药物释放的速率和持续时间。斯坦特印模被认为是永久植入装置;可是,它可能不一定具有连续地从该装置释放的活性剂。最初的观察可以发现,如果过度的增殖被防止直到斯坦特印模由静止组织围绕并且由完整的内皮覆盖,则LTB4受体拮抗剂的继续释放可以是不必要的。
本发明持续释放剂型适当地或者为不可降解的微颗粒(microparticulates)或纳米颗粒(nanoparticulates),或者为生物可降解的微颗粒或纳米颗粒。更适当地,该微颗粒或纳米颗粒由包含通过随机的、无酶催化的、水解分裂的生物降解的基质的聚合物形成。合适的结构由热塑性聚酯(例如聚乳酸酯(lactide)或聚羟基乙酸酯(polyglycolide))或乳酸酯和羟基乙酸酯组分的共聚物的混合形成。乳酸酯/羟基乙酸酯结构具有生物降解后形成两个哺乳动物正常的代谢产物:乳酸和羟基乙酸的额外的优点。
本发明持续释放剂型显示在持续时段内向靶细胞释放LTB4受体拮抗剂的性能。本发明这样的剂型可以是任何一种适于该目的的构型。合适的持续释放剂型显示下列特征中的一个或多个:
1.微颗粒(例如,直径为约0.5微米到约100微米,适宜地为约0.5到约2微米)或纳米颗粒(例如,直径为约1.0纳米到约1000纳米,适宜地为约50到约250纳米),自由流动的粉末结构;
2.设计能在从约3到约180天,适宜地为约10到约21天的时期内的生物降解的生物可降解的结构,或者在从约3到约180天,优选从约10到约21天之间的时期允许LTB4受体拮抗剂扩散而出现的非生物降解的结构;
3.正在给药的剂型的局部生理环境与靶组织之间的生物相容性,包括生物相容的生物降解产物;
4.促进稳定和可再现的分散其中的LTB4受体拮抗剂以适当地形成LTB4受体拮抗剂-聚合物基质,而LTB4受体拮抗剂通过一个或两个下列途径释放:(1)通过剂型而扩散LTB4受体拮抗剂(当LTB4受体拮抗剂溶于聚合物或聚合物混合物形成剂型时);或(2)因剂型生物降解而释放LTB4受体拮抗剂;以及能与一种或多种细胞和/或间隙基质表位结合的能力,适当地为约1到约10,000结合蛋白/肽-剂型结合,更适当地为每150平方埃的颗粒表面积最多为约1个结合肽-剂型的结合。结合的总数取决于使用的粒子大小。如本文所述,结合蛋白或肽能够与微粒剂型通过共价配位体夹入两层中间或非共价的形式联系在一起。
例如,使用1)n-溶剂乳化-蒸发技术或者2)乳化-沉淀技术,可由可生物降解的聚合物包括聚(D,L-乳酸)PLA,聚(D,L-乳酸-共-乙醇酸)PLGA,甲基丙烯酸共聚物,聚(ε-己内酯)制备包含式I化合物的纳米颗粒。这些步骤涉及聚合物在有或者没有共溶剂,典型地为二氯甲烷,的存在下在有机溶剂(例如,丙酮或苯甲醇)中的分散。式I化合物包含在有机溶剂中。在某些情况下,将溶剂混合,然后在机械搅拌或超声处理下,滴入含稳定的水状胶质[例如,聚(乙烯醇)或凝胶](即,水包油型)的水溶液中。形成稳定的乳液后,通过蒸发搅拌的乳剂除去氯化溶剂,得到纳米颗粒,然后通过切向过滤或通过离心作用/再悬浮重复洗涤物可以除去有机溶剂。所得含水悬浮剂在有或没有糖类或其他防冻剂的情况下冷冻以及冷冻干燥,得到能够随简单的搅动或超声处理重悬浮在生理食盐溶液中的纳米颗粒。
或者,可在搅动或超声处理下将水溶液加入没有氯化溶剂的有机相(即,油包水乳剂)中,接着进一步加入含水溶液到达到相转化,沉淀出纳米颗粒。或者,可以通过在水溶剂中加入盐析剂而增加沉淀。典型地,对于乳化-蒸发技术,750mg PLGA可以溶于30ml二氯甲烷中。适当地,加入含75mg式I化合物的5ml二氯甲烷。使用15-55瓦输出的超声波仪超声处理,将该有机相滴加入180ml 2.5%聚(乙烯醇,PVP)(20-70 kD mol Wt.)含水溶液中,持续大约10分钟后,得到溶解的乳剂。在不超过15℃的温度下在冰浴中进行超声处理。然后,将该乳剂在室温下进一步搅拌24小时,蒸发氯化溶剂。使用具有100mm孔隙的聚烯烃筒式过滤器的过滤装置进一步纯化所得纳米颗粒。对于乳化-沉淀技术,在1200-5000rpm的机械搅拌下,将10μl含水PMP(10-30%w/w)加入5mL含10-15%w/w聚合物PLA或PLGA以及10-15w/w式I化合物的苯甲醇中,在5分钟内形成水包油型乳状液。然后加入水(160mL)引起相转化,在随后的10分钟内,导致有机溶剂扩散进入水中,伴随沉淀出为固体纳米颗粒的聚合物。
动脉粥样硬化病变的形成可以出现在五个阶段中:
1.迁移(migration)。在一个健康的血管(vessel)中,大部分或全部平滑肌细胞(SMC)都含于血管中层中。在病变形成期间,膨大的内膜(enlarged intima)中出现SMC,因此需要SMC从该中层迁移到血管的内膜。抑制该SMC迁移将显著地改变病变的性质,并且可以改善与病变形成有关的病理。
2.脂质堆积(lipid accumulation)。在健康的血管壁中内侧的SMC不显著地堆积脂质。可是,内膜SMC具有增加脂质摄取以及存储的能力。当处于循环脂质(特别是低密度脂蛋白;LDL)量增加的条件下时,SMC可以被含脂肪脂质饱和并且死亡。脂质的堆积是病变发展到临床意义所必需的,因为它形成病变的血栓坏死核心。抑制SMC中的脂质堆积可降低或防止病变发展,从而降低或防止动脉粥样硬化以及由此产生的心肌梗死。
3.炎性细胞的补充(recruitment of inflammatory cells)。人类病变包含许多巨噬细胞-衍生的细胞。该补充步骤、这些细胞的功能以及它们对病理的影响尚不清楚。一个过于简化的机制显示巨噬细胞被吸引到在病变中堆积的脂质上,以从血管壁除去脂质。虽然对巨噬细胞衍生的细胞补充进行抑制,可能降低病变病理,但是同时它也可以加速发展至脂质填充的易于破裂的状态。
4.增殖(proliferation)。在很多情况下,内膜SMC堆积伴随有内侧薄化。因此,在该病变位点SMC总数不会显著地增加。此外,动脉粥样硬化的慢性性质使得难以检测出这些病变中的增殖的刺激作用。
5.细胞外基质沉积(extracellular matrix deposition)。动脉粥样硬化病变也富含有细胞外基质(ECM),特别是胶原纤维。ECM合成增加可以增加斑稳定性。早期的斑破裂,可导致心肌梗死,与低ECM沉积和所得的覆盖病变的坏死的富含脂质核心的纤维帽(fibrous cap)的削弱有关。
因此,动脉粥样硬化涉及各过程的复杂的相互作用,然而其中有一些可以是未经确认的。目标为一个单一过程的努力治疗动脉粥样硬化取决于对各过程对已证明病理学的相对贡献的认识。为此,适宜采取协作的策略。一个典型的策略涉及抑制SMC迁移、脂质堆积以及增殖,可能的有益效果是增加ECM沉积。
用于治疗动脉粥样硬化本发明方法中的式I化合物可以按照下文流程中说明的方法制备。除非另外指出,下面的流程以及随后的论述中的R1,R2,R3,R5和R6定义如上。下列流程以及随后的描述了式I-XIX化合物的制备。下列流程以及随后的描述也适用于式I-XIX化合物的对映体。流程1 流程1(续) 流程2 流程3 流程4
总的说来,流程1中的合成过程涉及将手性辅助基团Xc与包含R1的化合物I的连接(步骤1),与醛III的不对称羟醛缩合(步骤2或2′),从羟醛IV还原除去手性辅助基团(步骤3),碱介导环化二醇V(步骤4),锂化和硼化卤代苯并吡喃醇VI(步骤5),将硼酸VII与芳卤烃或磺酸酯VIII偶联(步骤6),以及水解酯IX(步骤7)。
流程1的步骤1演示了在大约-80到0℃,优选-78到-55℃的温度下,在约20分钟到一小时的时间内,在非质子溶剂如醚溶剂,优选四氢呋喃(THF)中,通过用适当的强碱,如烷基锂碱,优选丁基锂处理,将手性辅助基团HXc转化成相应的阴离子。取代基Xc为在不对称羟醛缩合反应中适合于控制相对和绝对立体化学的手性辅助基团。HXc的例子包括(R)-4-苄基-2-恶唑烷酮,(S)-4-苄基-2-恶唑烷酮,(4R,5S)-4-甲基-5-苯基-恶唑烷-2-酮和(4S,5R)-4-甲基-5-苯基-恶唑烷-2-酮。在相同的溶剂中,在大约-80到0℃,优选约-75℃的温度下,在约一小时内,将所得的阴离子用酰化剂I处理,其中基团W为卤素,优选氯,而R1定义如上,然后温热至大约-20到20℃,优选约0℃,之后用水溶液、优选用碳酸氢钠水溶液处理,得到酰化了的手性辅助试剂II。
流程1的步骤2演示了“Evans羟醛”反应,其条件类似于Evans,D.A.;Bartroli,J.;Shih,T.L,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1981,103,2127以及Gage,J.R.;Evans,D.A.,Org.Syn.1989,68,83所述,其中两者都作为参考文献引入本申请。特别是,在流程1的步骤2中,用路易斯酸、碱以及取代的苯甲醛III处理酰化的手性辅助试剂II,得到具有高度立体选择性的醇IV。苯甲醛III上取代有邻位取代基Y,该取代基在环化步骤4中用作离去基团,基团X(对于流程2而言为X′,特别是在流程2的偶合步骤4中)在偶联步骤6中被芳基侧链取代,取代基R2定义如上。取代基X(对于流程2而言为X′)连接在苯甲醛III的苯基部分的4或5位上。离去基团Y典型地为卤素或硝基,X是卤素(并且对于流程2而言,X′为卤素或C1-C4全氟烷基磺酸根)。为了制备羟醛产物IV,在约-78至约40℃、优选-5℃的温度下,在约20分钟的时间内,在非质子溶剂如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯或二乙醚中,将酰化的手性辅助剂II用硼卤化物或磺酸化物如二烷基硼磺酸盐、优选三氟甲磺酸二丁基硼处理,接下来再在约-78至约40℃、优选-5至5℃的温度下,在约1小时的时间内,用叔胺碱如三乙胺或二异丙基胺,优选三乙胺处理。在约-100到0℃,优选约70℃的温度下,在约30分钟内,将该混合物用取代的苯甲醛III处理。在约1小时的时间内,将该混合物温热至约-20到25℃,优选约-10℃,然后在低于约15℃的温度下,用质子氧化猝灭,优选通过连续加入pH7缓冲溶液、甲醇以及过氧化氢水溶液而进行,最后得到醇IV。
流程1的步骤2’演示了选择性的并且是优选的使用含钛路易斯酸提供醇IV的方法。在流程1的步骤2′中,在约-80至0℃,优选-80至-70℃的温度下,在约30分钟内,在非质子溶剂如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷或甲苯,优选二氯甲烷中,用卤化钛(IV)、优选四氯化钛处理酰化的手性辅助试剂II,然后再搅拌约30分钟,接着在约-80至0℃,优选-80至-65℃的温度下,在约30分钟内,用叔胺或叔二胺碱、如三乙胺或N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺、优选N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺处理。接下来,任选地并优选地,在约-80至0℃,优选-80至-65℃的温度下,用供电子配位体如1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、1,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2(1H)-嘧啶酮、磷酸三乙酯或2,2′-联吡啶,优选1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮处理,接着搅拌约30分钟。将该混合物在约-100至0℃,优选-80至-65℃的温度下,在约30分钟内,用取代的苯甲醛III处理,并且在约1至24小时,优选约4小时内,使其温热至-30至30℃,优选0至25℃。在-30至30℃,优选0至25℃的温度下,用质子溶剂猝灭处理,优选含水氯化铵猝灭该混合物,得到醇IV。在用供电子配位体处理时,在某些情况下,提供的醇IV为与给体配位体的结晶溶剂化物。在约20℃的温度下,搅拌具有固体载体如硅藻土(Celite)的猝灭反应混合物约12小时,改进反应混合物的过滤,除去钛副产物。
流程1的步骤2′的钛羟醛条件是优选的,并且比流程1的步骤2的硼羟醛条件操作上更简单,因为它们避免了在制备路易斯酸二丁基硼三氟磺酸盐时使用自燃的试剂三丁基硼、腐蚀性试剂三氟磺酸以及它们的放热组合。
此外,与文献如Evans,D.A.;Rieger,D.L;Bilodeau,M.T.;Urpi,F.的J.Am.Chem.Soc.(1991,113,1047),流程1步骤2′的钛羟醛条件提供小于两当量醛III的高选择性。优选地,该步骤中使用约一当量的醛III。本申请用于醛III或式R11C(O)H(权利要求中所述)时使用的短语“约一当量”表示该化合物小于1.5当量。在上述Evans等人的文章中,据报道在类似于流程1步骤2′的钛羟醛反应中需要使用两当量的醛。
除在制备式X化合物中具有实用性之外,流程1的步骤2′的钛羟醛条件也可用于制备英国专利申请2,270,914(公开于1994年3月30日)以及B.D.Dorsey等在Tetrahedron Letters(1993,34(12),1851)中描述的HIV蛋白酶抑制剂化合物。流程4的反应可用于制备上述英国专利申请描述的HIV蛋白酶抑制剂化合物,其中R11是C1-C9烷基或C2-C9烯基,优选3-环己基丙烯基。特别地,流程4说明了其中R11为C1-C9烷基、C2-C9烯基或在2位由Y取代的苯基,在4或5位的X,以及苯基其余位置的R2(其中Y,X和R2定义如上)的醛XVIII的钛羟醛反应的应用。流程4的反应条件与对上面流程1步骤2′描述的相同。醛XVIII包含流程1的醛III,而醇XIX包含流程1的醇IV。
以下表1说明流程1步骤2′的产物(或流程4的产物)如何取决于所使用的反应条件而变化,特别是怎样通过将TMEDA的量从1.2增加到3当量以及通过加入2当量NMP而增加非对映异构选择性。参见表1,1.0当量的醛RCHO用于各反应中,x和y分别表示碱和NMP的当量,NMP表示1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,TMEDA表示N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺,NEtiPr2表示二异丙基乙胺,非对映体的比率由HPLC测定。羟醛异构体按照类似于Van Draanen,N.A.;Arseniyadis,S.;Crimmins,M.T.;Heathcock,C.H.等在J.Org.Chem.(1991,56,2499)和Gage,J.R.;Evans,D.A.等在Org.Syn.(1989,68,83)中描述的方法,用LiOH/H2O2水解而分离和转化为羧酸异构体来鉴别。所需的异构体以黑体指示。 表1
流程1的步骤3演示了按照类似于Penning,T.D.;Djuric,S.W.;Haack,R.A.;Kalish,V.J.;Miyashiro,J.M.;Rowell,B.W.;Yu,S.S.在Syn.Commun.(1990,20,307)(该文献作为参考引入本文)中描述的方法除去手性辅助基团Xc(其可任选地再次用于步骤1中),以及将式IV化合物(酸量)还原至所需的醇V的过程。在该过程中,在醚溶剂如THF、二异丙基醚或四基叔丁基醚,优选THF中,其中通常包含质子溶剂如水、乙醇或异丙醇,在约-78℃至回流温度,优选0℃至室温(20-25℃)的温度下,用氢化物还原剂如硼氢化锂、氢化锂铝、氢化硼钠、氢硼化钙,优选硼氢化锂处理醇IV。在1至24小时,通常为12小时后,用水以及任选加入的过氧化氢猝灭反应。通过在有机溶剂如二异丙基醚或乙酸乙酯和己烷的混合物中将二醇V的溶液选择性沉淀或萃取HXc进入酸、优选盐酸的水溶液中而恢复使用手性辅助剂HXc,接下来用碱中和酸性提取物水溶液,并将HXc萃取进入有机溶剂中。
流程1的步骤4演示了分子内的芳族取代,其中二醇V中的伯羟基置换邻位的离去基团Y产生式VI的苯并吡喃环状系。特别地,在非质子溶剂如THF、二甲亚砜或1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,优选THF中,任选地在外加铜盐的存在下,在室温到130℃,优选约70℃的温度下,在1至24小时,通常为约4小时内,将其中离去基团Y为卤素或硝基,优选为氟基的二醇V用碱如叔丁醇钾、双(三甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺钠、双(三甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺钾、碳酸铯或氢化钠,优选叔丁醇钾处理,得到苯并吡喃醇VI。在苯并吡喃醇VI中,取代基X(或者对于流程2为X′)连接在苯并吡喃环的6或7位。
流程1的步骤5演示了苯并吡喃醇VI中的取代基X转化为锂,然后转化为硼酸根的过程。对于锂化,优选首先用甲基锂处理苯并吡喃醇VI,形成烃氧基锂,接着用丁基锂处理,形成芳基锂。在该过程中,在醚溶剂,优选四氢呋喃中,在-78至0℃,优选-70至-65℃的温度下,在约1小时内,将其中X是卤素优选溴或碘的苯并吡喃醇VI用两当量烷基锂,优选首先用一当量甲基锂,接着用一当量丁基锂处理,接着在-78至0℃,优选-70至-65℃的温度下,在约30分钟内,用硼化试剂如甲硼烷-四氢呋喃复合体、三异丙基硼酸酯或硼酸三甲酯,优选甲硼烷-THF复合体,处理所得产物,然后在约-65℃至室温,优选在大约0℃的温度下,用水或者任选的酸水溶液猝灭,得到硼酸VII,其中硼酸部分连接在苯并吡喃环的6或7位。
流程1的步骤6演示了硼酸VII和化合物VIII之间的Suzuki偶联以形成化合物IX的联芳基键的过程。在化合物VIII中,Z为卤化物或磺酸根,优选为溴化物、碘化物或三氟甲烷磺酸根,R4为C1-C6烷基,R3定义如上。该过程类似于Miyaura,N.;Suzuki,A.在Chem.Rev.(1995,95,2457)描述的方法,该文献作为参考引入本文。由于难于大规模地制备有机锌以及有机锡化合物的毒性,该过程优选用于锌或锡的偶合。在该过程中,将硼酸VII、芳烃VIII、钯催化剂如四(三苯基膦)钯(O)、二氯二(三苯基膦)钯(II)、醋酸钯(II)、烯丙基钯氯化物二聚物、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(O)或10%钯-碳,优选10%钯-碳,以及碱或氟化物盐类如碳酸钠、三乙胺、碳酸氢钠、碳酸铯、磷酸三钾、氟化钾、氟化铯或四丁基氟化铵,优选氟化钾,在任选含水的溶剂如乙醇、二甲氧基乙烷或甲苯,优选乙醇中的混合物,在室温到130℃,优选回流温度的温度下搅拌约1至约24小时,优选约三个小时,得到联芳基IX,其中苄基酯部分连接在苯并吡喃环的6或7位。
流程1的步骤7演示了在醇溶剂如异丙醇中,在40℃到回流温度,优选回流温度的温度下,在约1至约24小时,优选约6小时内,用含水氢氧化物碱如含水氢氧化钠处理酯IX的过程。将该反应混合物冷却至室温,在含水碱和有机溶剂如己烷和异丙基醚的混合物之间进行分配。将该水溶液酸化,将最终化合物X萃取进入有机溶剂如乙酸乙酯中。用有机溶剂萃取化合物X的方法除去了中性杂质,它对该合成的最后步骤特别有利。
其中R1、R2、R3、R5和R6定义如上。在溶剂如乙酸乙酯、甲苯或二氯甲烷,优选乙酸乙酯中,在0℃至室温的温度下,用酸的水溶液如盐酸或硫酸,优选盐酸的水溶液处理甲酸铵XVII30分钟至3小时,优选1小时,提供羧酸X。
流程2演示了可代替流程1步骤5和6的偶合过程。流程2的过程为优选的。流程2的步骤1中是用醇R4OH(其中R3和R4定义如上)酯化羧酸XI,生成酯XII。在该步骤中,在溶剂如甲苯、二氯甲烷或二氯乙烷,优选甲苯中,在0℃至回流温度,优选回流温度的温度下,在1至24小时,通常为4小时内,用醇R4OH,优选伯醇或仲醇如2,2-二甲基丙醇和酸如硫酸、盐酸、甲磺酸、甲苯磺酸或樟脑磺酸,优选硫酸,处理羧酸XI,得到酯XII。
流程2的步骤2演示了用碱处理酯XII,用三烷基硼酸酯截留所得邻位金属化物,得到硼酸酯XIII的过程。在流程2的步骤3中,按照本领域技术人员已知的方法水解硼酸酯XIII,得到相应的硼酸XIV。在流程2的步骤2和3中,在三(C1-C4烷基)硼酸酯如三异丙基硼酸酯、三乙基硼酸酯或硼酸三甲酯,优选三异丙基硼酸酯的存在下,在醚溶剂如THF、二异丙醚、二恶烷或甲基叔丁基醚,优选THF中,在约78℃至室温(20-25℃),优选0℃的温度下,用金属酰氨化物(amide)碱如二异丙基酰氨化锂、二乙基氨化锂、2,2,6,6-哌啶锂或(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)镁,优选二异丙基酰氨化锂处理酯XII。10分钟至5小时,通常为1小时之后,用酸的水溶液猝灭反应,得到硼酸XIV。
为了便于在流程2的步骤4之前处理硼酸XIV,可将硼酸XIV与流程3中说明的氨基二醇起反应。在流程3中,在0℃至回流温度,优选室温的温度下,在溶剂如异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、己烷、甲苯或上述溶剂的结合,优选异丙醇中,将硼酸XIV与氨基二醇XV(其中R8、m和n定义如上)反应15分钟至10小时,优选10小时,得到胺配合物XVI。为了进行流程2的步骤4,按照本领域技术人员已知的方法将胺配合物XV水解为硼酸XIV。这样的方法包括使用酸的水溶液,如盐酸。
流程2的步骤4演示了在硼酸XIV和苯并吡喃醇VI之间进行Suzuki偶联以形成IX的联芳基键的过程。在该过程中,制备包含下列的混合物:硼酸XIV,苯并吡喃醇VI,钯催化剂如四(三苯基膦)钯(O)、二氯二(三苯基膦)钯(II)、醋酸钯(II)、烯丙基钯氯化物二聚物、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(O)或10%钯-碳,优选四(三苯基膦)钯(O),碱或氟化物盐类如碳酸钠、三乙胺、碳酸氢钠、碳酸铯、磷酸三钾、氟化钾、氟化铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡或四丁铵氟化物,优选碳酸钠,以及溶剂如任选含水的甲苯、乙醇、乙二醇二甲醚,优选含水甲苯。在按照流程1制备的苯并吡喃醇VI中,连接在苯并吡喃环6或7位的X′表示卤素或C1-C4全氟烷基磺酸根,优选溴化物、碘化物、三氟甲烷磺酸根。将该混合物在室温到回流温度,优选回流温度的温度下搅拌约10分钟至约6小时,优选1小时,得到联芳基IX。
流程2的步骤5说明了酯IX水解得到如流程1的步骤7所述的羧酸X的过程。
式I化合物的盐可以常规方式,通过与碱如碱金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠,或碱土金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化镁反应而制备。
实施例
通过参考下列具体实施例将更好地理解本发明。
小鼠细胞系衍生。用于本发明研究的遗传修饰的载脂蛋白E-缺陷型(ApoE-/-)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体-缺陷型(LDLr-/-)以及单核细胞化学引诱物蛋白-1-缺陷型(MCP-1-/-)的小鼠先前已经描述并且鉴定[参见Rutledge,B.J.等人,J.Immunol.,1995;155:4838-4843;以及Nakashima Y.等人,Arterioscler.Thromb.,1994;14(1):133-140]。为了得到apoE和MCP-1(ScyA2)无效等位基因纯合小鼠,使雄性C57B/6背景(C57E-/-)的ApoE-/-小鼠与杂合的雌性C57B/6背景的MCP-1-/-小鼠交配。通过Southern印迹分析鉴定所得ApoE-/-x MCP-1-/+子代,并将其近亲交配产生ApoE-/-x MCP-1-/-(C57E-/-xMCP-1-/-)和对照的ApoE-/-x MCP-1+/+(C57E-/-)小鼠。混合遗传背景12901a xC57B/6(129E-/-)的ApoE-/-小鼠内部繁殖,来源于兄弟姐妹交配。所有的小鼠在21天断奶,保持12小时光照/避光周期,喂服食物或西方型饮食[参见,Bourassa,P.K.等人,Proc Nail Acad.Sci.USA,1996;93:10022-10027]。
化合物给药。使用35天治疗流程评价式I化合物,优选(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃)对年龄配比组小鼠(15至30周龄时处死)病变发展的影响。在较短时间7-14天内用(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃)处理小鼠亚群,评价如表和图例指出的组织基因表达方面的急剧变化。在所有研究组中,化合物通过每日一次的强饲法口服给药,化合物处于由PBS中的0.6%Tween 80+0.25%甲基纤维素组成的赋形剂中。小鼠或者单独接受30mg/kg/天的赋形剂,或者接受100mg/kg/天的式I化合物。
CD11b FACs 分析。处理期后,将小鼠用酮胺(ketamine):xylazine:PBS(1∶1∶2)麻醉,使用含7.5%EDTA的真空容器从腹主动脉收集全血样品。按照先前的描述进行血液单核细胞CD11b表达测定[参见Showell H. J.等人,Journal of Pharmacoloty and Experimental Therapeutics,1995;273:176-184]。将细胞通过温和的离心作用(1200rpm,2分钟)沉淀,在室温下用50μg/ml结合荧光素的大鼠抗小鼠CD11b IgG(Pharmingen)培养30分钟。对于非特异性结合的对照组,用50μg/ml荧光素共轭的大鼠IgG培养副份样品。培养30分钟后,用一毫升HiFAZ缓冲液洗涤细胞,并沉淀,并且在室温下用裂解缓冲液(Becton Dickinson,Mountain View,CA)裂解红血细胞10分钟。然后冲洗细胞两次,再悬浮于HiFAZ缓冲液中,使用FACs流动血细胞计数器测定荧光度。以列表方式收集数据,通过比较前向散射与侧向散射斑点印迹定义巨噬细胞栅(macrophage gates)。
血浆脂蛋白和脂质。按照以前的描述[参见Bourassa,P K.等人,Proc Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1996;93:10022-10027],使用快速蛋白质液相层析(FPLC,Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology,Inc.,Piscatawy,NJ)分离血浆脂蛋白。用市场上可买到的胆固醇/HP(Boehringer-Mannheim)和甘油三酯G(Wako Chemical)试剂盒,使用比色法测量总的血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯。
主动脉树分析。在某些实验中,用4%多聚甲醛灌注-固定小鼠,除去全部主动脉树,包括头臂区域和颈动脉,锁骨和股骨分枝。去除组织外膜,展铺在一块聚苯乙烯上,使用安装在拷贝台上的CCD摄像机得到数字图象。除去颈动脉和锁骨分枝,分离头臂区域用于另外的步骤。按照先前描述[参见Bourassa,P K.等人,Proc Natl Acad.Sci.USA,1996;93:10022-10027]使用En face制剂测定主动脉树其余部分中的病变覆盖的主动脉的表面百分率。通过单枪三束彩色显象管监视器上的直射影像俘获和显示评价病变区域的各主动脉。使用ImagePro 3.1图像分析(Image Processing Solutions,Wobum,MA)测定未染色组织中的病变区域。比较半透明的非病变区域,清除掉外膜的主动脉中的动脉粥样硬化斑点区域出现浅黄色-白色不透明区。根据黑色(背景),灰色(正常的组织)和白色(病变区域)的渐变,通过人工置位阈定量该区域。
病变分析。为了测定截面的病变区域,按照先前描述[参见Borgeat P.等人,J.Biol.Chem.,1979:254:2643-2646]将心脏在4%多聚甲醛中灌注固定,在4℃用30%树胶蔗糖渗透24小时,在-18℃,包埋在OCT化合物中并且切片10μm,切片用油红O染色(Polyscientific,Bay Shore NY),用GillIII苏木精(Sigma,St.Louis MO)复染色。通过将安装Leitz Laborlux(Leica)光学显微镜的RGB照相机直接俘获影像并显示在单枪三束彩色显象管RGB监视器上评价主动脉瓣各个切片。按照先前描述[参见Bourassa,P.K.等人,Proc Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1996:93:10022-10027]使用ImagePro 3.1′软件进行图像分析。结果用每个切片病变大小平均数或用油红O染色的血管壁截面总数的百分率来表示。对于各个动物测定12-16切片的病变面积平均数,数据用病变大小或病变面积平均百分比±S.D来表示。
巨噬细胞免疫组织化学的染色。对于使用针对MOMA-2(BioSource)和CD11b(Pharmingen)的大鼠单克隆抗体(1gG2b)的巨噬细胞,连续的多聚甲醛固定的,OCT包埋的主动脉瓣切片被免疫染色。通过用抗生物素蛋白/生物素溶液(Vector Laboratories),1%牛血清中的0.3%H2O2分别培养各个切片,阻断内源的生物素和过氧化物酶的活性。所使用的大鼠-抗小鼠MOMA-2的浓度为25/ml,而大鼠-抗小鼠CD11b的浓度为(5μg/ml)。用初级抗体培养,接着生物素化的辅助抗大鼠次级抗体IgG(1.4μg/ml,Jackson ImmunoResearch),并且用辣根过氧化酶共轭的抗生蛋白链菌素(1∶500)培养。非特异性的大鼠1gG2b抗体(Pharmingen)用作阴性对照。用DAB(Vector Laboratories)检验抗体结合,所有切片Gill III苏木精复染色。结果用DAB染色的血管壁总截面积(正常的+患病的区域/切片,排除空腔)的百分率来表示。
腹膜巨噬细胞趋化性测定。在研究终点,用一毫升无菌的6%酪蛋白腹膜下注射来自各组的小鼠亚群,四天后通过用Hanks Balanced Salt SolutionsHBSS(Life Technologies)洗涤腹膜腔收获腹腔渗出细胞,补充1%胎牛血清(FBS)。然后用添加0.1%牛血清清蛋白BSA的RPMI-1640将腹壁细胞洗涤三次。对于趋化性,将细胞悬浮在浓度为2×106细胞/ml的趋化性缓冲液(补充0.1%BSA的RPMI-1640和20mM HEPES(pH 7.4))。细胞悬液装入48孔微趋向室的上室。将鼠科动物MCP-1(10nM或LTB4(10nM)加入下室,下室通过5-μm聚碳酸酯膜与上室分离。将附着于膜的下面的腹膜巨噬细胞固定并使用Diff-Quick染色试剂盒(stain set)(Dade Behring Inc,Switzerland)并且染色。结果用在三份重复样品中的四高功率场迁移的平均细胞数表示。
统计学。通过不成对的斯氏t检验法使用StatView统计程序(AbacusConcepts,Inc.,Berkeley,CA)测定统计显著性。结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。
式I化合物,特别是(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃)的抗动脉粥样硬化活性如下面表2-4所示:
表2.动脉粥样硬化小鼠中对病变的LTB4拮抗作用的效果。
株 N 性别 年龄 体重 剂量 TPC TG 窦 瓣膜
(wks) wt(gm) (mg/kg) (mg/dl) (mg/dl) (%病变) (%病变)
129E-/- 10 F 15 25±1 0 739±59 72±13 22.5±4 24.9±3
10 26±2 30 584±58 83±40 19.6±2 21.6±2
5 25±2 50 675±181 59±17 14.7±2* 16.3±2*
10 25±1 100 858±166 36±13 7.9±1** 8.0±2**
10 F 20 27±1 0 795±57 120±15 34.6±2. 41.0±3
10 29±1 30 780±51 138±21 24.4±3 25.9±3*
5 F 24 30±1 0 513±42 59±12 43.5±3 49.5±3
5 31±1 100 579±37 102±9 30.0±1 34.0±1
C57E-/- 8 M 16 29±1 0 807±83 189±73 22.9±4 24.7±4
8 29±1 100 801±71 169±57 10.4±3* 7.8±2*
12 F 22 30± 0 494±51 66±5 50.3±3 56.9±2
9 30± 100 640±41 116±6 38.8±3 39±2
LDLr-/- 10 M 18 34±2 0 1342±315 778±210 14.8±2 15.9±3
9 31±2 30 798±300 532±205 5.6±2* 6.5±3*
*p<.05显著性差异来自赋形剂处理组。
关于表2,在35天内,以指示剂量用(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃)处理(口服给药)载脂蛋白E缺陷型的1291o/B6(129E-/-)或C57BI/6背景(C57E-/-)混合的小鼠,低密度脂蛋白受体缺陷型小鼠LDLR-/-小鼠纯合的小鼠。LDLR-/-喂服Western饮食;所有其他品系喂服饮食(chow)。计算主动脉窦和瓣膜区域10μ切片中的病变面积平均百分比,接着油红O染色,以平均值±SD表示。术语“ND”定义为未测定。术语“TPC”定义为总的血浆胆固醇。术语“TG”定义为甘油三酯。术语“窦”定义为主动脉瓣区域;从心脏底部向上移;从主动脉瓣尖端的第一个开始,分裂内腔成为三个明显的区域。在窦中,主动脉壁为膨胀的和不规则的。术语“瓣膜”定义为从窦区域末端开始的主动脉瓣区域;瓣膜区域从瓣膜尖端不再分裂内腔和主动脉壁显得更圆,更明显为起点。瓣膜尖端不再明显和壁非常圆为瓣膜区域末端。
表3.动脉粥样硬化病变中对CD11b的LTB4拮抗作用的效果。
株 病变大小μM %CD11b
129E-/- 188175±19110 12.6±1.1
经处理后 10650±12133 3.5±1.0*
LDLr-/- 59009±12734 25.1±2.0
经处理后 19955±7278 3.5±2.5*
*与对照组明显不同(P<01)。
关于表3,雌性载脂蛋白-E-缺陷型小鼠(129-/-)保持饮食,雄性的LDL受体(LDLr-/-)缺陷型小鼠保持Western型饮食,将它们用(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃)(30mg/kg/天)口服给药处理35天。数据按照CD11b阳性染色确定的病变面积和病变平均百分率以平均值±SD的形式表示(N=8/组)。术语“CD11b”定义为当与另一个细胞蛋白质,CD-18联合时形成MAC的细胞内部发现的蛋白质;MAC-1为涉及粘合的单核细胞表面上的受体。
表4.MCP-1缺陷型小鼠中对动脉粥样硬化病变的LTB4拮抗作用的效果。
N 性别 年龄 体重 剂量 TPC TG 窦 瓣膜
(wks) wt(gm) (mg/kg) (mg/dl) (mg/dl) (%病变) (%病变)
8 M 15 29±1 0 390±20 85±11 7.6±2 5.8±1
7 29±1 30 345±15 82±12 13.3±2 12.8±2
7 29±1 100 354±20 79±15 9.8±1 9.7±1
14 M 30 32±1 0 505±20 45±1 44.1±4 49.6±5
8 31±1 30 565±22 ND 41.4±5 54.2±7
7 26±1 100 576±21 47±2 43.1±5 50.0±4
赋形剂和处理组之间没有显著性差异(P<.05)。
关于表4,在35天内,以0,30或100mg/kg的指示剂量,用(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃)处理(口服给药)C57bl/6背景(C57E-/-)单核细胞化学引诱物蛋白-1(MCP-1-/-)和载脂蛋白E(ApoE-/-)的无效等位基因纯合的小鼠。计算主动脉窦和瓣膜区域10μ切片中的病变面积平均百分比,接着油红O染色,以平均值±SD表示。术语“ND”定义为未测定。术语“TPC”定义为总的血浆胆固醇。术语“TG”定义为甘油三酯。术语“窦”定义为主动脉瓣区域;从心脏底部向上移;从主动脉瓣尖端的第一个开始,分裂内腔成为三个明显的区域。在窦中,主动脉壁为膨胀的和不规则的。术语“瓣膜”定义为从窦区域末端开始的主动脉瓣区域;瓣膜区域从当瓣膜尖端不再分裂内腔和主动脉壁显得更圆,更明显时为起点。瓣膜尖端不再明显和壁非常圆为瓣膜区域末端。
用于本发明方法的式I化合物可以按照下列制备例的说明合成,但是本发明并不局限于它们的细节。在下列制备例中,术语“室温”表示约20℃至约25℃范围内的温度。
制备例1
(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸
将(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基苯甲酸乙酯(897g,1.93mol)和10%氢氧化钠水溶液(980mL,2.72mol)在异丙醇(9L)中的混合物加热回流6小时,冷却至室温,并且搅拌12小时。将反应混合物用水(13.5L)、己烷(9L)以及异丙基醚(4.5L)稀释。将水层分离并且用己烷(9L)和异丙基醚(4.5L)萃取,用2N盐酸水溶液调节pH至2,并且用乙酸乙酯(8L和4L)萃取。将合并的乙酸乙酯萃取液用水(6L)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,将得到的深琥珀色油用甲苯(2L)稀释,再浓缩成油状物。将该油状物在60℃溶于甲苯(4.2L),以保持温度大于50℃的速度加入己烷(8.8L)。用数个小时慢慢地冷却至室温,沉淀出黄褐色固体,将其过滤,并且用2∶1己烷/甲苯(2L)洗涤。将这些固体在60℃溶于甲苯(5L)中,用DarcoG-60处理,过滤,用甲苯洗涤,真空浓缩至大约4.0L。将该混合物加热至50-60℃,滴入己烷(8.6L),冷却,并且在5℃粒化1至2小时。将所得固体过滤,用2∶1己烷/甲苯(2L)洗涤,并且将湿滤饼用己烷(4L)搅拌回流30分钟。将该混合物冷却至室温,粒化1小时,过滤,并且将所得固体真空干燥过夜,得到450g(55%)米白色固体状(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基苯甲酸:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.99(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.66(dd,J=1.1,8.1Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.15-7.32(m,6H),6.89(dd,J=1.7,7.9Hz,1H),6.85(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),6.1(bs,2H),4.50(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),4.18(dd,J=2.7,11.2Hz,1H),3.94(dd,J=4.6,11.0Hz,1H),2.74(dd,J=6.1,13.8Hz,1H),2.51(dd,J=9.4,13.9Hz,1H),2.22(m,1H);IR3454,3218(br),1699,1431,1337,1299,1275,1258,1191,1178,1135,1123,700cm-1;mp142℃。
用于制备例1的原料(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸乙酯制备如下:
A.(R)-4-苄基-3-(3-苯基-丙酰基)-恶唑烷-2-酮
在-78℃下,在30分钟内,将2.5 M BuLi在己烷中的溶液(2.03L,5.14mol)加入(R)-(+)-4-苄基-2-恶唑烷酮(910g,5.14mol)和作为指示剂的500mg 2,2′-联吡啶的四氢呋喃(9L)的溶液中。加入期间反应混合物温度维持在低于-55℃的水准上。将反应混合物冷却至-75℃,5分钟内加入氢化肉挂酰基氯(950g,5.63mol)。使反应混合物温热至0℃,通过薄层色谱法(己烷/乙酸乙酯,2∶1)判断反应混合物反应完成。加入10%碳酸氢钠水溶液(3.6L)和水(3.6L)猝灭反应。分离水相并且用乙酸乙酯(3L)萃取。将合并的有机层用5%碳酸钠水溶液(3.6L)和氯化钠饱和水溶液(2L)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩得到大约2L粘稠的黄色悬浮液。将该淤浆溶于乙酸乙酯(3L)中,浓缩至固体,在50℃溶于乙酸乙酯中。加入己烷(10.7L),将该混合物慢慢地冷却至10℃,得到固体沉淀,将其在10℃搅拌30分钟。将该固体过滤收集,用己烷洗涤,在室温下空气干燥,得到1.4kg(88%)浅黄色针状(R)-4-苄基-3-(3-苯基丙酰基)-恶唑烷-2-酮:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.14-7.33(m,10H),4.66(m,1H),4.17(t,J=3.4Hz,2H),3.26(m,3H),3.03(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.75(dd,J=9.5,13.4Hz,1H);IR1787,1761,1699,1390,1375,1308,1208,1203,746,699cm-1;mp102-104℃。
B.[4R-[3(2R,3R)]]-4-苄基-3-[2-苄基-3-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-3-羟基丙酰
基]-恶唑烷-2-酮
在-5℃,在20分钟内,将二丁基硼三氟磺酸盐(1133g,4.13mol)加入(R)-4-苄基-3-(3-苯基丙酰基)-恶唑烷-2-酮(1064g,3.44mol)的二氯甲烷(5.6L)溶液中,接着在保持反应温度低于5℃的情况下加入三乙胺(719mL,5.16mol)。将该混合物冷却至-70℃,在30分钟内,加入4-溴-2-氟-苯甲醛(699g,3.44mol)在二氯甲烷(2L)中的溶液。在1小时内使该混合物温热至-1 0℃,通过薄层色谱法(己烷/乙酸乙酯,2∶1)判断反应完成。在保持反应温度小于15℃的情况下,通过在30分钟内加入磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠pH7缓冲液(3.5L),接着在1.5小时内加入甲醇(1.8L)和35%过氧化氢水溶液(1.8L)猝灭反应。将有机层分离,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(6.7L)洗涤,用无水乙醇(4L)和25%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液稀释。将有机层分离,用水(4L)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,得到1818g(103%-粗品重量)非常粘稠的琥珀色油状[4R-[3(2R,3R)]]-4-苄基-3-[2-苄基-3-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-3-羟基丙酰基]-恶唑烷-2-酮:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.16-7.32(m,10H),6.94-6.96(m,2H),5.35(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),4.92-5.29(m,1H),4.45-4.51(m,1H),3.92(m,2H),3.01-3.14(m,3H),2.83(dd,J=3.1,13.6Hz,1H),2.05(dd,J=10.0,13.5Hz,1H);IR3460(br),1780,1696,1483,1388,1350,1209,1106,1068,877,760,747,701,583,512,486cm-1。
C[4R-[3(2R,3R)]]-4-苄基-3-[2-苄基-3-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-3-羟基丙酰基]-
恶唑烷-2-酮,1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶剂化物
在-70℃至-80℃下,在30分钟内,将四氯化钛(8.8kg,46.6mol)加入(R)-4-苄基-3-(3-苯基丙酰基)-恶唑烷-2-酮(12.0kg,38.8mol)在二氯甲烷(180L)中的溶液中,得到浓的悬浮液,将其在-70℃至80℃再搅拌30分钟。在30分钟内,加入N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(17.6L,116.4mol)得到更多液体反应混合物。在保持低于-65℃的反应温度的情况下,加入1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(7.6kg,77.6mol),并将反应混合物搅拌30分钟。在保持反应温度小于或等于-68℃的情况下,在30分钟内,加入4-溴-2-氟苯甲醛(7.9kg,38.8mol)在二氯甲烷(38L)中的溶液。在8小时内,使反应混合物温热至20℃,然后将其冷却至10℃,用5.0kg氯化铵在11L水中的溶液猝灭,得到白色沉淀,温度升高至28℃。加入Celite(12kg),将该反应混合物在20℃搅拌12小时。将反应混合物过滤,常压浓缩至油状物,用己烷(120L)处理,浓缩至大约50L,慢慢地冷却至0℃,粒化24小时。将24.3kg粗产品通过过滤分离,合并从110L二氯甲烷中的两个相似的反应得到的粗产品,用320L己烷处理,常压浓缩至最终容积大约250L(蒸馏物温度65℃),加入可信产物作为种子,慢慢地冷却,在20℃粒化18小时。过滤得到67.4kg(94%)淡黄褐色粒状[4R-[3(2R,3R)]]-4-苄基-3-[2-苄基-3-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-3-羟基丙酰基]-恶唑烷-2-酮,1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶剂化物:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.15-7.29(m,10H),6.94(dd,J=1.9,7.2Hz,2H),5.34(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.91-4.96(m,1H),4.44-4.49(m,1H),3.90-3.95(m,2H),3.55(bs,1H),3.37(dd,J=7.2,7.2Hz,2H),3.00-3.13(m,2H),2.83(s,3H),2.82(dd,J=3.3,13.3Hz,1H),2.36(dd,J=8.2,8.2Hz,2H),1.97-2.06(m,3H);IR3150(br),1776,1695,1652,1600,1221,1050,996,953,875cm-1;mp80-83℃。
D.(1R,2S)-2-苄基-1-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二醇
将2M硼氢化锂在四氢呋喃(1.7L,3.4mol)中的溶液用四氢呋喃(1.7L)稀释,在15分钟内慎重地用水(61mL,3.4mol)处理。在室温下搅拌该混合物直到氢气停止放出(0.5至1小时),然后在0℃下,在30分钟内,将其加入[4R-[3(2R,3R)]]-4-苄基-3-[2-苄基-3-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-3-羟基丙酰基]-恶唑烷-2-酮(1.75kg,3.4mol)在四氢呋喃(8.75L)中的溶液中。在12小时内使所得乳白色悬浮液温热至室温,此时通过薄层色谱法(己烷/乙酸乙酯,2∶1)判断反应完成。在15分钟内,将反应混合物冷却至15℃,用水(5.25L)猝灭,再搅拌10分钟,然后在20分钟内,加入35%过氧化氢水溶液(2.6L)。将反应混合物搅拌15分钟,然后用乙酸乙酯(5.3L)和水(4L)稀释。将有机层分离,用水(5.3L)、5%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液(5.25L)和50%氯化钠饱和水溶液(7.5L)洗涤。检测有机层中的过氧化物,如果有再用5%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液(5L)和50%氯化钠饱和水溶液(6L)洗涤。将有机层真空浓缩得到油状物,用乙酸乙酯(4L)和己烷(13L)稀释,用1N盐酸水溶液(6次17L)洗涤以除去(R)-(+)-4-苄基-2-恶唑烷酮。将有机层用碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液(5.3L)洗涤,用甲苯(2L)稀释,真空浓缩,得到1138g(98%)油状(1R,2S)-2-苄基-1-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二醇:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47-7.51(m,1H),7.33(dd,J=1.9,8.3Hz,1H),7.15-7.25(m,4H),7.04-7.06(m,2H),5.39(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),3.77(dd,J=3.0,10.7Hz,1H),3.64(dd,J=5.0,10.8Hz,1H),3.44(bs,1H),2.68(dd,J=11.0,13.8Hz,1H),2.59(dd,J=4.1,13.9Hz,1H),2.15-2.20(m,1H),2.01(bs,1H);IR3370(br),3269(br),1485,1406,1213,1033,1021,870,700cm-1。
E1.(3 S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴-苯并吡喃-4-醇
在室温下,在20分钟内,将1M二(三甲基甲硅烷基)酰氨化钠在四氢呋喃(6.55L,6.55mol)中的溶液加入(1R,2S)-2-苄基-1-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-丙烷-1,3二醇(1975g,5.82mol)在二甲亚砜(9.88L)中的溶液中。将该混合物在抽真空下慢慢地加热到60℃以从反应混合物中置换出四氢呋喃,然后在抽真空下在60℃至65℃加热5小时,此时按照薄层色谱法(己烷/乙酸乙酯,2∶1)判断反应的完成。将反应混合物冷却至室温,通过加入水(10L)接着加入1N盐酸水溶液(10L)猝灭。将所得黄褐色悬浮液过滤,用水(2L)洗涤,溶于乙酸乙酯(12L)中。将该溶液用水洗涤(两次12L),浓缩至小体积,溶于异丙醚(4L)中,在常压下在50至60℃浓缩至1.0L,这时固体开始沉淀。将所得悬浮液冷却至室温,搅拌12小时,浓缩至一半体积,冷却至0至5℃,过滤得到916g(49%)白色固体状(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇。将该滤液浓缩至深色油状物(906g),回流溶于异丙醚(1.5L)中,冷却至室温,搅拌,过滤得到另外的82g固体。将滤液浓缩,通过硅胶层析(60-230目),用3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱。将富含产物的馏分浓缩,用异丙基醚重结晶,得到另外的82g固体。(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇的总产量为1080g(58%):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.29-7.33(m,2H),7.21-7.25(m,1H),7.15-7.19(m,3H),7.06-7.09(m,2H),4.44(bs,1H),4.21(dd,J=2.6,11.3Hz,1H),3.97(dd,J=4.5,11.3Hz,1H),2.68(dd,J=6.5,13.8Hz,1H),2.51(dd,J=9.1,13.8Hz,1H),2.18-2.23(m,1H),1.85(d,J=4.3Hz,1H);IR3274(br),3181(br),1598,1573,1493,1480,1410,1219,1070,1052,1023,859,700cm-1;mp 143.5-144.0℃。
E2.(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴-苯并吡喃-4-醇
或者,上述化合物可以如下制备:将12.9kg(115mol)叔丁醇钾加入(由33.5kg(54.8mol)[4R-[3(2R,3R)]]-4-苄基-3-[2-苄基-3-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-3-羟基丙酰基]-恶唑烷-2-酮,1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶剂化物不经分离制备的)(1R,2S)-2-苄基-1-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二醇在185L四氢呋喃中的溶液中。使将反应混合物加热回流4小时,此时通过薄层色谱法(己烷/乙酸乙酯,3∶1)判断反应完成。将反应混合物冷却至室温,用170L水猝灭,用83L乙酸乙酯稀释,用7.5L浓盐酸酸化至pH5.3(水层)。将有机层真空浓缩为大约38L的淤浆,用76L异丙基醚稀释,温热至固体溶解,慢慢地冷却至0℃,在0℃粒化12小时。通过过滤分离5.1kg白色固体状(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇。将母液用4L氯化钠饱和水溶液洗涤,浓缩至57L的最终体积,在0℃粒化12小时,得到4.3kg第二批(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇。
如上所述,将第二批相同的反应混合物猝灭,用乙酸乙酯稀释,酸化。将有机层用10kg硫酸镁干燥,大气压下浓缩成大约30L淤浆,用38L异丙基醚稀释,浓缩至大约57L,慢慢地冷却,在0至10℃粒化12小时。过滤分离(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇,8.7kg。将该母液与来自第一个反应的第二批母液合并,浓缩为油状物,冷却固化,在6L异丙基醚中在20℃粒化12小时,在0℃粒化2小时,过滤,用冷异丙醚洗涤后得到6.3kg(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇。合并两个反应的产物,干燥,得到20.8kg(59%)(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇。
F.(3S,4R)-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-硼酸
在保持温度低于-65℃的情况下,在45分钟内,将1.48M甲基锂在乙醚(1.6L,2.37mol)中的溶液加入-75℃的(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇(377g,1.18mol)在四氢呋喃(5.6L)中的溶液中。在低于-65℃的温度下,将反应混合物搅拌1小时,接着在15分钟内加入2.5M丁基锂在己烷(440mL,1.3mol)中的溶液。在低于-65℃的温度下,将反应混合物搅拌1小时,接着在30分钟内加入1.0M硼-四氢呋喃配合物在四氢呋喃(5.9L,5.9mol)中的溶液。将反应混合物温热至0℃,通过加入水(4.4L)猝灭,用1N盐酸水溶液(4L)调节pH至2,用异丙基醚(4L)萃取。将水层用异丙醚(4L)萃取,将合并的有机层用0.5N氢氧化钠水溶液(7.2L)洗涤。用1N盐酸水溶液(5.5L)将水层pH调节为3,用乙酸乙酯(5.4L和2.7L)萃取。将合并的乙酸乙酯层用硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,得到304.5g(91%)黄色泡沫状(3S,4R)-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-硼酸:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35-7.00(m,8H),4.42(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),4.19(d,J=11Hz,1H),3.90(m,1H),2.68(dd,J=6.2,13.8Hz,1H),2.47(m,1H),2.15(m,1H);IR3330(br),1413,1348,1320,1211,1025,749,730,700cm-1。
G.(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸乙酯
将2-碘-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸乙酯(723g,mol),(3S,4R)-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-硼酸(627g,2.2mol)、氟化钾(366g,6.3mol)、10%钯-碳(157g,50%水润湿的)和无水乙醇(6.27L)的混合物加热回流3小时,此时通过薄层色谱法(甲苯/乙酸,5∶1)指示反应完成。将反应混合物用异丙醚(8L)稀释,用硅藻土过滤,用10%碳酸氢钠水溶液(1.5L)洗涤。分离水层并且用异丙基醚(3L)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(6L)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,在室温下用DarcoG-60(1.0kg)和硅胶(1kg,70-230目)处理。将该混合物通过硅胶垫(70-230目)过滤,真空浓缩至922g深色油状物。将该油状物用乙酸乙酯(1L)稀释,通过硅胶柱(2kg)过滤,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到淡琥珀色溶液,将其浓缩,得到897g(92%)淡琥珀色油状(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸乙酯,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.89(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.63-7.67(m,2H),7.18-7.38(m,6H),6.91(dd,J=1.8,7.8Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),4.55(bs,1H),4.25(dd,J=2.7,11.2Hz,1H),4.17(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.00(ddd,J=1.0,4.5,11.2Hz,1H),2.75(dd,J=6.4,13.9Hz,1H),2.56(dd,J=9.3,13.8Hz,1H),2.26(m,1H),1.93(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),1.09(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);IR3307(br),3216(br),1734,1339,1298,1247,1191,1175,1118,1097,1050cm-1。
制备例2
(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸
将(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基苯甲酸2,2-二甲基丙酯(2.34g,4.69mmol)在异丙醇(23mL)中的溶液用10%氢氧化钠水溶液(2.3mL,6.4mmol)处理,加热回流3小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,倒入水(34mL)中,用己烷(23mL)和异丙基醚(13mL)萃取。将水层分离并且用己烷(23毫升)和异丙醚(13毫升)萃取,用6N盐酸水溶液调节pH至2,并且用乙酸乙酯(两次40毫升)萃取。将合并的乙酸乙酯萃取液用盐水(40mL)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,用甲苯/己烷重结晶,得到白色泡沫状物。将所得固体过滤,用己烷洗涤,将湿滤饼与己烷(20mL)搅拌1小时。将该混合物过滤,并且将所得固体真空干燥,得到1.01g(50%产率)白色固体状(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.00(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.64(s,1H),7.18-7.36(m,6H),6.91(dd,J=7.9,1.7Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),4.53(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),4.24(dd,J=11.2,2.7Hz,1H),3.97(dd,J=11.0,4.0HZ,1H),2.76(dd,J=13.9,6.4Hz,1H),2.53(dd,J=13.7,9.3Hz,1H),2.24-2.26(m,1H)。
用于制备例2的原料(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二甲基丙酯制备如下:
A.4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二甲基丙酯
将浓硫酸(3.0mL)加入4-三氟甲基苯甲酸(75.0g,394mmol)和2,2-二甲基-丙醇(70.5g,800mmol)在甲苯(500mL)中的悬浮液中。将该混合物搅拌回流4小时,冷却至室温,倒入碳酸钠饱和水溶液(250mL),分层。将有机层用碳酸钠饱和水溶液(250mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤,浓缩,得到黄色液体状4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸,2,2-二甲基-丙酯(102g,99%产率):Rf:0.66(乙酸乙酯/己烷25/75);IR 2932,1727,1327,1280,1133,1066,862,775,704cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.16(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.70(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.04(s,2H),1.04(s,9);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ26.51,31.61,74.72,123,63(q,J=272.7HZ),125.4,129.9,133,7,134.35(q,J=31.7Hz),165.35。
B.2-(2,2-二甲基-丙氧羰基)-5-三氟甲基-苯甲酸
将三异丙基硼酸酯(9.00mL,39.0mmol)加入4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二甲基-丙酯(4.225g,16.23mmol)在四氢呋喃(40mL)中的溶液中。将该溶液冷却至-78℃,在5分钟内滴入二异丙基酰氨化锂(12.0mL,2.0M在四氢呋喃/庚烷中的溶液,24.0mmol)。将该红色溶液搅拌30分钟,温热至0℃,通过缓慢的加入1N盐酸(50mL)猝灭。将该混合物温热至室温,搅拌30分钟,加入己烷(200mL)中。分层,将有机层依次用2N盐酸(两次,100mL)、水(100mL)和盐水(50mL)洗涤。将有机萃取液用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到油状物。将粗产品用庚烷(40mL)结晶,得到白色固体状2-(2,2-二甲基-丙氧羰基)-5-三氟甲基-苯硼酸(3.037g,62%产率):mp=159-160℃;IR 3377(br),2963,1703,1371,1308,1171,1131,794,709cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO D2O)δ8.05(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.66(s,1H),3.94(s,2H),0.95(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO/D2O)δ26.69,31.69,74.91,125.29,125.75,128.30,129.62,131.98(q,J=31.8Hz),136.28,142.68,166.90。
C.(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二
甲基丙酯
将2-(2,2-二甲基丙氧羰基)-5-三氟甲基苯硼酸(1.72g,5.66mmol)、(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇(1.80g,5.63mmol)、碳酸钠(1.82g,17.2mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(12mg,0.19mol%)在甲苯(15mL)和水(9mL)中的两相溶液搅拌回流100分钟。将反应混合物冷却至室温,倒入水(40mL)中,用二异丙基醚(75mL)萃取。将有机萃取液用盐水(50mL)洗涤,用DarcoG-60处理,用硫酸镁干燥,用硅藻土过滤并且浓缩。通过硅胶层析法(乙酸乙酯/己烷20/80)纯化粗产品,得到白色泡沫状(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二甲基丙基酯(2.35g,84%产率):Rf:0.32(乙酸乙酯/己烷25/75);IR 3407(br),2961,1721,1336,1292,1252,1172,1134,1110,1022,848,749cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.90(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.19-7.37(m,6H),6.88-6.93(m,2H),4.53(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.22(dd,J=11.2,2.5Hz,1H),3.99(dd,J=11.2,3.3Hz,1H),3.78(s,2H),2.73(dd,J=13.8,6.3Hz,1H),2.54(dd,J=13.6,9.4Hz,1H),2.20-2.80(m,1H),1.81(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),0.74(s,9H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ26.64,30.96,34.62,41.53,64.76,67.42,75.33,116.77,121.07,122.97,124.13,126.44,127.50,127.54,128.45,128.60,128.92,129.11,130.25,130.31,139.08,141.69,142.03,154.44,168.14。
制备例3
(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸
将(3S,4R)-二环己基铵-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸盐(2.37g,3.89mmol)的乙酸乙酯(25mL)溶液和1N盐酸(25mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。将该混合物倒入乙酸乙酯(20mL)中,除去水层。将有机层用水(六次,50mL)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩得到(3S,4R)-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基苯甲酸(1.66g,100%产率):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.00(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.64(s,1H),7.18-7.36(m,6H),6.91(dd,J=7.9,1.7Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),4.53(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),4.24(dd,J=11.2,2.7Hz,1H),3.97(dd,J=11.0,4.0Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=13.9,6.4Hz,1H),2.53(dd,J=13.7,9.3Hz,1H),2.24-2.26(m,1H)。
制备例3的原料(3S,4R)-二环己基铵-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸盐制备如下:
A.2-[1,3,6,2]Dioxazaborocan-2-基-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二甲丙基酯
将三异丙基硼酸酯(73.0mL,316mmol)加入4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二甲基-丙酯(35.8g,138mmol)在四氢呋喃(250mL)中的溶液中。将该溶液冷却至0℃,在20分钟内滴入二异丙基酰氨化锂(73.0mL,2.0M四氢呋喃/庚烷中的溶液,146.0mmol),将所得红色溶液搅拌另外的30分钟。加入己烷(200mL),接着加入1N盐酸(200mL)。将该混合物搅拌10分钟,倒入己烷(200mL)中。将有机层用1N盐酸(两次,150mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤。将有机萃取液用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩至约200毫升。加入异丙醇(100mL)和二乙醇胺(15.95g,151.7mmol),将该混合物在室温下搅拌10小时。将所得固体过滤,用异丙醇(15mL)和己烷(30mL)的混合物洗涤,得到白色固体状2-[1,3,6,2]dioxazaborocan-2-基-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二甲基丙基酯(37.83g,74%产率),mp=233-234℃;IR 3077,2963,2862,1722,1480,1467,1371,1331,1298,1290,1279,1254,1161,1117,1108,1087,1074,995,952,862,cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.23(s,1H),7.72(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.52(dd,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),6.33(brs,1H),4.08-4.14(m,2H),3.98(s,2H),3.93-3.98(m,2H),3.42-3.50(m,2H),2.88-2.94(m,2H),1.02(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)26.51,31.69,50.92,63.33,74.72,123.94,128.59,132.06,139.61,171.56。
B.(3S,4R)-二环己基铵-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯
甲酸盐
将2-[1,3,6,2]dioxazaborocan-2-基-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸2,2-二甲基丙酯(7.04g,18.9mmol)在甲苯(45mL)和1.5N盐酸(45mL)中的混合物在室温下搅拌45分钟。除去水层,加入碳酸钠(2.73g,25.8mmol)、(3S,4R)-3-苄基-7-溴苯并吡喃-4-醇(5.47g,17.1mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(O)(24.0mg,20.8mmol)和水(20mL)。将所得两相溶液搅拌回流100分钟,冷却至室温,倒入水(50mL)中。分层,将有机层用DarcoG-60处理,过滤,浓缩。将所得粗品酯溶于异丙醇(80mL)中,加入10%氢氧化钠水溶液(8.0mL)。将该溶液加热在回流3小时,冷却至室温,倒入水(120mL)中,用己烷(80mL)和异丙基醚(40mL)萃取。将水层用己烷(80毫升)和异丙醚(40毫升)洗涤,用6N盐酸调节pH至2,并且用甲基叔丁基醚(两次75毫升)萃取。将有机萃取液用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩。将所得粗产品溶于甲基叔丁基醚(40mL),加入二环己基胺(4.10mL,20.6mmol)。将该混合物搅拌过夜,并且将所得固体过滤,用甲基叔丁基醚(20mL)洗涤,得到(3S,4R)-二环己基铵-2-(3-苄基-4-羟基-苯并吡喃-7-基)-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸盐(7.32g,70%产率);mp=209-210℃;IR 3307,3025,2939,2858,1626,1564,1429,1398,1388,1333,1168,1119,903,875,846,838cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.52(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.17-7.31(m,6H),7.08(dd,J=7.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.00(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),4.48(d,J-4.4Hz,1H),4.17(dd,J=11.0,2.6Hz,1H),3.90(dd,J=11.0,5.0HzlH),2.742.79(m,3H),2.50(dd,J=13.8,9.4Hz,1H),1.80-1.82(m,4H),2.20(brslH),1.68-1.70(m,4H),1.56(d,J=12.2Hz,2H),1.00-1.26(m,10H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ24.70,24.73,25.03,28.94,29.09,34.75,41.75,52.64,65.00,67.57,116.50,121.42,122.59,123.77,126.38,126.73,128.03,128.55,129.06,129.45,138.95,139.16,142.51,144.20,154.04,173.85。
制备例4
3S,4R-7-(3-羧基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苯基甲基-2H-1-苯并吡喃
皂化:将10mL 2M NaOH溶液加入搅拌着的极性较小的4R,3S N-α-叔丁氧羰基-L-色氨酸-7-[(3-羰基(carbo)甲氧基苯基)-3-苯基甲基]-苯并吡喃-4-基]-酯(840mg,1.08mmol)在10mL甲醇中的溶液中。将该混合物回流8小时,冷却并用1M HCl酸化至pH为4。将浑浊的乳液用20mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥。过滤,真空除去溶剂,得到黄色泡沫状物。层析纯化(硅胶-乙酸乙酯∶己烷∶乙酸-35∶75∶1),得到210mg产物。1H NMR(300MHz,CD3CN):8.22(1H,t,1.7Hz),7,97(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.87(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.55(1H,t,J=7.8Hz),7.42(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.157.36(6H,m),7.10(1H,d,J=1.8Hz),4.44(1H,d,J=4.9Hz),4.19(1H,dd,J=9.1,2.5Hz),3.97(1H,dd,J=9.1,5.4Hz),2.72(1H,dd,J=13.7,6.2Hz),2.51(1H,dd,J=13.7,9.1Hz),2.04-2.20(3H,m)。[α]D25=+11.1在C=1.00,甲醇中。M.P.=210-212℃。极性较高的3R,4S色氨酸-酯(700mg)如上述皂化,得到3R,4S对映体,1H NMR(300MHz,CD3CN):8.22(1H,t,1.7Hz),7.97(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.87(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.55(1H,t,J=7.8Hz),7.42(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.157.36(6H,m),7.10(1H,d,J=1.8Hz),4.44(1H,d,J=4.9Hz),4.19(1H,dd,J=9.1,2.5Hz),3.97(1H,dd,J=9.1,5.4Hz),2.72(1H,dd,J=13.7,6.2Hz),2.51(1H,dd,J=13.7,9.1Hz),2.04-2.20(3H,m)。[α]D25=-11.0,在C=1.01,甲醇中。M.P=209-211℃。
反式-3-苄基-4-羟基-7-(3-羧基苯基)2H-1-苯并吡喃
反式环异构体如上所述皂化,得到相应的酸。1H NMR(300MHz,CD3CN):8.22(1H,t,1.7Hz),7.97(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.87(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.55(1H,t,J=7.8Hz),7.42(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.15-7.36(6H,m),7.10(1H,d,J=1.8Hz),4.44(1H,d,J=4.9Hz),4.19(1H,dd,J=9.1,2.5Hz),3.97(1H,dd,J=9.1,5.4Hz),2.72(1H,dd,J=13.7,6.2Hz),2.51(1H,dd,J=13.7,9.1Hz),2.04-2.20(3H,m)。M.P=210-212℃。
用于制备例4的原料N-α-叔丁氧羰基-L-色氨酸-7-[(3-羰基甲氧基苯基)-3-苄基]苯并吡喃-4-基]-酯制备如下:
A.2,4-二羟基-3-氯苯基·乙基酮
将三氟甲磺酸(1kg)一次加入搅拌的间苯二酚(200g,1.82mol)和3-氯丙酸(200g,1.84mol)的混合物中。45分钟内将该溶液慢慢地加热至80℃,然后在15分钟内冷却至室温并倒入氯仿(4.0L)中。将有机部分慢慢地倒入水(4.0L)中,分层。水层用氯仿(2次,2.0L)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,并且过滤。真空浓缩,得到橙色半固体(244.1g),该粗品用于下一步骤。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):12.56(1H,s),7.63(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),6.37-6.46(2H,m),3.92(2H,t,J=6.3Hz),3.41(2H,t,J=6.3Hz)。
B.7-羟基苯并吡喃-4-酮
将步骤A的化合物(244.1g)一次加入冷却的(5℃)2N氢氧化钠溶液(10.0L)中。在2小时内使用温水浴将该溶液温热至室温,然后再冷却至50℃,用6M硫酸(1.2L)调节pH至2。将该混合物用3.0L的乙酸乙酯萃取3次,用盐水(2.0L,1次)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,然后过滤。真空浓缩,得到黄褐色固体。用己烷研制,过滤,得到173.7g(58%产率)标题化合物。M.P136℃-137℃。
C.7-[(三氟甲基磺酰基)氧基]-苯并吡喃-4-酮
在-78℃下,将三乙胺(320g,3.16摩尔)和二甲基氨基吡啶(2.5g)加入搅拌着的7-羟基苯并吡喃-4-酮(173.7g,1.05摩尔)在二氯甲烷(3.0L)中的溶液中。全部溶解后,在20分钟内,滴加三氟甲烷磺酸酐(327g,1.16摩尔),将该物质在-78℃搅拌30分钟,然后在2小时内温热至室温。将反应混合物倒入饱和氯化铵溶液(2.5L)中,分层。将水层用二氯甲烷(2次,2.0L)萃取。将合并的有机部份用水(1次,1.0L)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,并且过滤。真空浓缩,得到红色油。通过硅胶(1kg)层析,用(8∶1)己烷∶乙酸乙酯洗脱,除去溶剂后得到211.1g(69%产率)标题产物。mp.43-44℃。
D.7-[(三氟甲基磺酰基)氧基]-3-苯基甲基苯并吡喃-4-酮
在搅拌着的7-[(三氟甲基磺酰基)氧基]-苯并吡喃-4-酮(27g,91.2毫摩尔)在183mL甲醇中的溶液中加入苯甲醛(11.1mL,109mmol),接着加入四氢化吡咯(9.1mL,109毫摩尔)。将该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,冷却至0℃,并且过滤。将该固体用50mL冰冷的甲醇洗涤一次,然后真空干燥;得到35.2g(75%产率)标题产物,mp.133-135℃。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):8.11(1H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.91(1H,bs),7.40-7.51(2H,m),7.24-7.38(3H,m),6.97(1H,dd,J=8.7Hz,2.4Hz),6.91(1H,d,J=2.4Hz),5.40(1H,bs)。
E.7-[(三氟甲基磺酰基)氧基]-3-苯基甲基-苯并吡喃-4-酮
在500mL Parr摇动器烧瓶中,将10%钯-碳催化剂(1.3g)加入7-[(三氟甲基磺酰基)氧基]-3-苯基甲基-苯并吡喃-4-酮(26.6g,69.2毫摩尔)在250mL乙酸乙酯中的溶液中。将该混合物在40psi的压力下氢化,直到氢气吸收停止(约3小时以后)。将混合物用Celite过滤,除去钯催化剂,通过硅胶层析纯化(己烷-醚),得到25.1g(94%产率)标题产物,mp.56-58℃。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):8.01(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.20-7.35(5H.sub.,m),6.981-6.96(2H,m),4.42(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.4Hz),4.22(1H,dd,J=11.6Hz,8.7Hz),3.26(1H,dd,J=14.0,4.4Hz),2.90-3.05(1H,m),2.70(1H,dd,J=14.0,8.7Hz)。
F.7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3-苯基甲基苯并吡喃-4-酮
将氯化锂(3.20,75.0毫摩尔)、Pd(PPh3)、(1.15g,1.0毫摩尔)、丁基化羟基甲苯的3晶体(3 crystals)和六甲基二锡烷(hexamethyltin)(9.0g,27.5毫摩尔)加入搅拌着的74(三氟甲基磺酰基)氧基]-3-苯基甲基苯并吡喃-4-酮(9.20g,25.0毫摩尔)在200mL二氧六环中的溶液中。将该混合物加热回流1.5小时,冷却至室温,倒入150mL氯化铵饱和水溶液。将混合物用150mL乙醚萃取3次,将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,然后过滤。真空蒸发,得到黄色半固体,通过硅胶层析(5∶1己烷∶醚),得到8.90g(89%产率)标题产物,mp.84℃-86℃。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.85(1H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.18-7.37(5H,m),7.14(1H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.11(1H.s),4.38(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.5Hz),4.17(1H,dd,J=11.6Hz,8.4Hz),3.28(1H.dd,J=14.0,4.4Hz),2.84-2.95(1H.m),2.71(1H.dd,J=I14Hz,J=11.0Hz),0.31(9H,s)。
G.7-(3-羰基甲氧基苯基)-3-)苯基甲基苯并吡喃-4-酮
将Pd(PPh3)2Cl2(490mg,0.7毫摩尔),BHT的3晶体和甲基-3-碘苯甲酸酯(5.0g,19.1mmole)加入搅拌着的7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3-苯基甲基苯并吡喃-4-酮(7.0g,17.5mmole)在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)(35mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物搅拌回流1.5小时,冷却至室温,倒入150mL氯化铵饱和水溶液中。将该混合物用150mL乙醚萃取3次,将合并的萃取液用100mL水洗涤2次,然后用盐水洗涤。将该溶液用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空蒸发,得到黄色油。经硅胶层析(4∶1己烷∶乙醚洗脱液),得到6.51g粘性油状标题化合物。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):8.29(1H,t,J=1.6Hz),8.06(1H,dd,J=7.6,1.6Hz),8.00(1H,d,J=8.2Hz),7.79(1H,dd,J=7.6Hz,1.6Hz),7.53(1H,t,J=7.6Hz),7.22-7.36(7H,m),4.41(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.5Hz),4,21(1H,dd,J=11.6,8.5Hz),3.94(3H,s),3.31(1H,dd,J=14.0,4.4Hz),2.91-2.99(1H,m),2.73(1H,dd,J=14.0,11.1Hz)
H.7-(3-羰基甲氢基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苯基甲基苯并吡喃
在室温下,将硼氢化钠(940mg,26.0mmol)一次加入搅拌着的7-(3-羰基甲氧基苯基)-3-)苯基甲基苯并吡喃-4-酮(6.50g,17.5mmol)在35mL甲醇中的溶液中。将深色混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后倒入氯化铵饱和水溶液(75mL)中,用75mL乙醚萃取3次。将合并的萃取液用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到淡黄色油。通过硅胶层析,用4∶1己烷∶乙醚洗脱,首先得到3.26g标题化合物的顺式环异构体,然后得到1.98g标题化合物的反式异构体,为粘稠的油,总收率81%。顺式环异构体1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):8.26(1H,t,J=1.7Hz),8.02(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.76(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.50(H,t,J=7.8Hz),7.41(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.31(1H,d,7.3Hz),7.14-7.25(6H,m),4.58(1H,t,J=7.2Hz),4.28(1H,dd,J=9.1,2.5Hz),4.03(1H,dd,J=9.1,5.4Hz),3.93(3H,s),2.78(IH),2.77(1H,dd,J=13.7,6.2Hz),2.58(1H,dd,J=13.7,9.1Hz),2.20-2.29(1H,m),1.83(1H,d,J=7.2Hz)。
反式环异构体1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):8.23(1H,t,J=1.7Hz),7.98(1H,dt,J=7.8Hz),7.74(1H,dt,J=7.8,1.7Hz),7.48(H,t,J=7.8Hz),7.20-7.36(6H,m),7.15(1H,dd,J=8.0,1.8Hz),7.09(1H,d,J=1.8Hz),4.56(1H,dt,J=4.7,3.8Hz),4.12-4.19(2H,m),3.92(3H,s),2.90(1H,dd,J=13.6,8.4.Hz),2.70(1H,dd,J=13.6,7.2Hz),2.36-2.39(1H,m),1.75(1H,d,J=4.7Hz)。
I.N-α-叔丁氧羰基-L-色氨酸-7-[(3-羰基甲氧基苯基)-3-苯基甲基]-苯并
吡喃-4-基]-酯
将DMAP(897mg,7.34mmol,1.1当量)、DCC(1.51g,7.34mmol,1.1当量)和N-t-Boc-L-色氨酸(2.4g,8.01mmol,1.2当量)加入搅拌着的7-(3-羰基甲氧基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基苯并吡喃(2.5g,6.7mmol)在70ml的二氯甲烷中的溶液中。将该混合物在室温下搅拌12小时,过滤,并用1M HCl和盐水洗涤。有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。层析纯化(硅胶-3∶1-环己烷∶乙醚),得到860mg极性较小的非对映体(Rf=0.3)和极性较大的移动(moving)非对映体(Rf=0.2)。极性较小的产物(3S,4R):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3);8.29(1H,s),8.03(2H,d,J=7.8Hz),7.77-7.83(2H,m),7.52(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),7.02-7.33(5H,m),6.64(1H,s),5.65(1H,s),5.06(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.58-4.62(1H,m),3.95(3H.s),3.73-3.85(2H,m),3.18-3.28(2H,m),2.45-2.61(2H,m),2.09-2.15(1H,brds),1.39(9H,s)。极性较大的产物(3R,4S);1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):8.25(1H,s),8.01(1H.d,J=7.8Hz),7.94(1H,brds),7.74(1H,d,J=8.2Hz),7.54(1H,d,J=11.9Hz),7.48(1H,t,J=7.8Hz),7.09-7.38(H,m),6.95(1H,s),5.61(1H,s),5.08(1H,d,J=8.2Hz),4.55-4.60(1H,m),3.94(3H,s),3.73-3.76(2H,m),3.22-3.35(2H,m),2.42-2.60(2H,m),1.90-1.96(1H,m),1.39(9H,s)。
制备例5
按照上面制备例4描述的方法,通过皂化制备下列表5中的化合物。
表5
R1 | R3 | 产物 |
4-苯基苄基 | 5-Cl | 1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSOd6):7.61-7.67(4H,m),7.29-7.46(6H,m),6.93(1H,brd d,J=7.9Hz),6.80(1H,br.s.),4.38(1H,d,J=4.9Hz),4.16(1H,brd.d,J=11.0Hz),4.02(1H,dd,J=11.0,5.6Hz),2.96(1H,m),2.56(1H,m),2.26(1H,m). |
苄基 | 5-OCH3 | (cis)1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.96(1H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.24-7.38(5H,m),7.16(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.88(1H,dd,J=8.7,2.6Hz),6.75-6.83(3H,m),4.51(1H,d,J=2.9Hz),4.06-4.15(2H,m),3.84(3H,s),2.90(1H,dd,J=13.6,8.2Hz),2.70(1H,dd,J=13.6,7.2Hz),2.27-2.39(1H,m). |
苄基 | 5-OCH3 | (trans)1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.97(1H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.17- |
7.31(6H,m),6.85(2H,dt,J=14.3,2.8Hz),6.81-6.85(2H,m),4.50(1H,d,J=4.1Hz),4.20(1H,dd,J=11.2,2.6Hz),3.94(1H,dd,J=11.2,4.8Hz),3.86(3H,s),2.76(1H,dd,J=13.8,6.2Hz),2.52(1H,dd,J=13.2,9.4Hz),2.22-2.30(1H,m). | ||
苄基 | 5-Cl | (cis)1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.83(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),7.16-7.38(7H,m),7.09(1H,d,J=89.1Hz),6.72-6.84(2H,m),4.47(1H,d,J=2.8Hz),4.02-4.12(2H,m),2.85(1H,dd,J=13.6,8.1Hz),2.62(1H,13.6,7.4Hz),2.22-2.38(1H,m). |
苄基 | 5-Cl | (trans)1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.86(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),7.14-7.42(8H,m),6.76-6.84(2H,m),4.48(1H,d,J=4.2Hz),4.12(1H,dd,J=11.7,2.6Hz),3.92(1H,dd,J=11.7,4.4Hz),2.73(1H,dd,J=13.7,6.1Hz),2.50(1H,dd,J=13.7,9.5Hz),2.14-2.26(1H,m). |
R1 | R3 | 产物 |
苄基 | 5-H | (cis)1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.88(1H,dd,J=7.7,1.2Hz),7.49(1H,t,J=7.7Hz),7.11-7.39(8H,m),6.82-6.89(2H,m),4.49(1H,d,J=3.0Hz),4.06-4.11(2H,m),2.87(1H,dd,J=13.6,8.0Hz),2.63(1H,dd,J=13.6,7.4Hz),2.28-2.38(1H,m). |
苄基 | 5-H | (trans)1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.88(1H,dd,J=7.7,1.2Hz),7.52(1H,t,J=7.7Hz),7.10-7.41(8H,m),6.83-6.90(2H,m),4.43(1H,d,J=4.2Hz),4.12(1H,dd,J=11.2,2.9Hz),3.88(1H,dd,J=11.2,4.5Hz),2.75(1H,dd,J=13.7,5.8Hz),2.51(1H,dd,J=13.7,9.5Hz),2.14-2.25(1H,m),mp.82-84℃. |
4-苯基苄基 | 5-F | 1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSOd6):7.8(1H,dd),7.01-7.67(3H,m),7.29-7.46(6H m),6.93(HH,brd,d),6.80(1H,d)4.38(1H,d)4.16(1H,brd d),4.01(1H,dd),2.96(1H,m),2.54(1H,m),2.22(1H,m). |
制备例6
按照制备例4,通过皂化相应的酯,得到7-(4-羟基-3-羧基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苯基甲基-2H-1-苯并吡喃,熔点158-160℃(顺式)和173-175℃(反式)。
尽管已经参考某些具体的实施方案对本发明进行了描述和演示,但是本领域普通技术人员应该理解,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的条件下,可以对本发明的过程和方案进行各种调整、改变、改动、替代、删除或添加。因此,本发明所限定的定义范围为权利要求书的范围,该权利要求应该被合理地宽地进行解释。
Claims (15)
1.治疗哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的量的下式化合物、其对映体或药学上可接受的盐:
在上述式I化合物中,R3-取代的苯甲酸部分连接在苯并吡喃环的6或7碳上;
R1为-(CH2)qCHR5R6,其中q为0到4;
R2和R3各自独立地选自氢,氟,氯,(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C6)烷氧基,苯基亚磺酰基,苯基磺酰基以及(C1-C6)烷基-S(O)n-,其中n为0到2;其中上述的R2和R3烷基部分无论存在于何处都独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;并且上述的R2和R3苯基部分无论存在于何处都独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;
R5为氢,(C1-C6)烷基或苯基;
其中所述R5苯基任选地被氟,氯,(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C6)烷氧基,苯基亚磺酰基,苯基磺酰基或(C1-C6)烷基-S(O)n-取代,其中n为0到2;并且其中所述的烷基部分无论存在于上述苯基取代基的何处都独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;并且其中所述苯基部分无论存在于上述苯基的何处都独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;
R6为氢,(C1-C6)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,苯基或5到10元杂芳基;
其中所述R6苯基任选地由氟,氯,(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C6)烷氧基,苯基亚磺酰基,苯基磺酰基或(C1-C6)烷基-S(O)n-取代,其中所述n为0到2;并且其中所述烷基部分无论存在于上述苯基的何处都独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;并且其中所述的苯基部分无论存在于上述苯基的何处都独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;以及
其中所述的5至10元杂芳基任选地由1或2个独立地选自氟,氯,(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C6)烷氧基,苯基亚磺酰基,苯基磺酰基或(C1-C6)烷基-S(O)n-的取代基取代,其中n为0到2;并且其中所述的烷基部分无论存在于上述5到10元杂芳基的何处都独立地任选由一个到三个氟基取代;并且其中所述的苯基部分无论存在于上述5到10元杂芳基的何处都独立地任选由一个到三个氟任选取代。
2.治疗哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的量的权利要求1化合物,其中R1为苄基、4-氟苄基、4-苯基苄基、4-(4-氟苯基)苄基或苯乙基。
3.治疗哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的量的权利要求1化合物,其中R2为氢或氟。
4.治疗哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的量的权利要求1化合物,其中所述的R3-取代的苯甲酸部分连接在苯并吡喃环的碳7位并且其中所述的R3-取代的苯甲酸部分为2-羧基苯基、2-羧基-5-氯苯基、2-羧基-4-氯苯基、2-羧基-3-氟苯基、2-羧基-5-氟苯基、2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基、2-羧基-4-氟苯基、2-羧基-6-氟苯基或3-羧基苯基。
5.治疗哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的量的权利要求1化合物,其中R1为苄基,R2为氢,并且所述的R3-取代的苯甲酸部分为2-羧基-5-氟苯基。
6.治疗哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的量的权利要求1化合物,其中R1为4-苯基苄基,R2为氢,并且所述的R3-取代的苯甲酸部分为2-羧基-5-氟苯基或2-羧基-4-氯苯基。
7.治疗哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的量的权利要求1化合物,其中所述的化合物为(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃。
8.治疗哺乳动物动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述哺乳动物有效治疗动脉粥样硬化的量的权利要求1化合物,其中所述的式I化合物被浸渗在斯坦特印模中。
9.按照权利要求8的治疗动脉粥样硬化的方法,其中所述的化合物为(3S,4R)-7-(2-羧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-羟基-3-苄基-2H-1-苯并吡喃。
10.治疗哺乳动物主体中动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述主体治疗有效量的LTB4拮抗剂。
11.按照权利要求10的方法,其中所述的LTB4拮抗剂选自LTB4受体的抗体和LTB4基因的反义核酸。
12.按照权利要求10的方法,其中所述LTB4拮抗剂按照趋化性测定得到的LTB4的IC50小于约20nM。
13.治疗具有动脉粥样硬化病变的哺乳动物主体中动脉粥样硬化的方法,包括给予所述主体有效降低上述病变形成的发展的有效量的小分子。
14.按照权利要求13的方法,其中所述LTB4拮抗剂按照趋化性测定得到的LTB4的IC50小于约20nM。
15.用于治疗具有动脉粥样硬化病变的哺乳动物主体中动脉粥样硬化的药物组合物,其中包括有效降低所述病变形成的发展的量的LTB4拮抗剂和药学上可接受的载体。
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BRPI0513695A (pt) * | 2004-07-22 | 2008-05-13 | Pharmacia Corp | composições para o tratamento de inflamação e dor que empregam uma combinação de um inibidor seletivo de cox-2 e um antagonista de receptor ltb4 |
MX2007015577A (es) * | 2005-06-09 | 2008-02-25 | Biolipox Ab | Metodo y composiciones para el tratamiento de trastornos inflamatorios. |
WO2017095722A1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Aryl acylsulfonamides as blt1 antagonists |
US10370368B2 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2019-08-06 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Aryl acylsulfonamides as BLT1 antagonists |
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DE3720493A1 (de) * | 1987-06-20 | 1989-01-26 | Nattermann A & Cie | Arzneizubereitungen mit mikronisierten ebselen-kristallen |
MX9300312A (es) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-07-31 | Pfizer | Antagonistas benzopiranicos y relacionado de ltb. |
DE4228200A1 (de) * | 1992-08-25 | 1994-03-03 | Schering Ag | Neue Pyridin-Derivate mit Leukotrien-B¶4¶-antagonistischer Wirkung |
KR100232340B1 (ko) * | 1994-10-13 | 1999-12-01 | 디. 제이. 우드, 스피겔 알렌 제이 | 류코트리엔 b4(ltb4) 길항물질로서의 벤조피란 및 벤조-축합된 화합물 |
MX9702731A (es) * | 1994-10-13 | 1997-06-28 | Pfizer | Compuestos de benzopirano y benzo fusionados, composiciones que los contienen y uso de los mismos. |
US6342510B1 (en) * | 1995-06-12 | 2002-01-29 | G. D. Searle & Co. | Treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders with a combination of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist |
DE19636689A1 (de) * | 1996-09-10 | 1998-03-12 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Neue Benzamidinderivate |
DK0925292T3 (da) * | 1996-09-16 | 2004-01-12 | Pfizer | Fremgangsmåder og mellemprodukter til fremstilling af substituerede chromanolderivater |
EP0963755A3 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2001-03-14 | Pfizer Products Inc. | Use of benzopyranes for preventing allograft rejection |
WO2000010552A2 (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-03-02 | Global Vascular Concepts, Inc. | Use of anti-angiogenic agents for inhibiting vessel wall injury |
JP2003225088A (ja) * | 1999-09-10 | 2003-08-12 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd | ヒト・ロイコトリエンb4第二受容体及びそれをコードするdna |
US20040091863A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2004-05-13 | Shyam Ramakrishnan | Regulation of human leukotriene b4-like g protein-coupled receptor |
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2002
- 2002-05-20 AU AU42393/02A patent/AU4239302A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-13 CZ CZ20022076A patent/CZ20022076A3/cs unknown
- 2002-06-17 SK SK868-2002A patent/SK8682002A3/sk not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-19 EP EP02254274A patent/EP1270000A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-20 IL IL15034002A patent/IL150340A0/xx unknown
- 2002-06-25 CA CA002391205A patent/CA2391205A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-26 JP JP2002185853A patent/JP2003034638A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-27 HU HU0202114A patent/HUP0202114A3/hu unknown
- 2002-06-27 KR KR1020020036449A patent/KR20030015828A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-27 PL PL02354770A patent/PL354770A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-28 CN CN02125125A patent/CN1394602A/zh active Pending
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2003
- 2003-03-17 HK HK03101939.9A patent/HK1049795A1/zh unknown
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HK1049795A1 (zh) | 2003-05-30 |
SK8682002A3 (en) | 2004-08-03 |
HUP0202114A2 (hu) | 2003-01-28 |
PL354770A1 (en) | 2002-12-30 |
AU4239302A (en) | 2003-01-02 |
CA2391205A1 (en) | 2002-12-28 |
KR20030015828A (ko) | 2003-02-25 |
CZ20022076A3 (cs) | 2004-05-12 |
HUP0202114A3 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
EP1270000A3 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
HU0202114D0 (zh) | 2002-09-28 |
EP1270000A2 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
IL150340A0 (en) | 2002-12-01 |
JP2003034638A (ja) | 2003-02-07 |
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