CN1388965A - 音频信号压缩 - Google Patents
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Abstract
估计在压缩给定的音频信号中可获得的压缩增益,包括提取给定音频信号在选定频带上的信号功率,以及通过与提取信号功率的相关性获取该压缩增益的估计。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及音频信号压缩。
背景技术
国际专利申请WO98/16014公布了一种用于数据压缩音频信号的数据压缩装置。该数据压缩装置包括用于接收音频信号的输入终端,用于模/数(A/D)转换音频信号以获得比特流信号的一比特模/数转换器,用于对比特流信号实施无损数据压缩步骤以获得数据压缩的比特流信号的无损编码器,以及用于提供数据压缩的比特流信号的输出终端。另外,还公布了包括数据压缩装置的记录装置和传送装置。此外,还公布了用于对该数据压缩装置提供的数据压缩的比特流信号进行数据扩展的数据扩展装置,以及包括该数据扩展装置的复制装置和接收装置。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是在音频压缩中提供优化的压缩增益估计。为了该目的,本发明提供了如独立权利要求中所定义的用于估计压缩增益的方法和装置,记录装置和发送器。在从属权利要求中定义的优选的实施例。
压缩增益估计可以用于创作和/或编辑例如乐曲的音频信号序列。它也可以用于控制信号处理参数,例如通过压缩编码的压缩比例的自适应控制,从而,通过对存储或记录在存储或记录媒体上的数据量的快速估计,来允许在诸如超级音频致密光盘(SACD)这样的最大存储内容有限的记录媒体中记录像乐曲这样的内容。
理论上,预计通过使用对像乐曲这样的音频信号序列的一个小片断的平均实际压缩比例或编码增益作为整个序列的压缩比例的指示,从而产生这样一个估计。然而,这种方法的问题是,乐曲形式的典型音频信号序列的压缩比例变化大或编码增益变化有明显的短时间相关性,从而必须使用该信号序列的极少部分来获得具有所需精确度和准确度的压缩比例估计。由于计算需要时间,这样的解决方案不适用。
根据本发明的第一方案,提取包括在音频信号的一个选定的频带中的信号功率可获得良好的压缩增益估计,并用该提取的信号功率的相关性获得所述估计。本发明的该方案是基于洞察到使用在音频信号的信号功率和压缩增益之间的相关性可以得到该压缩比例或编码增益的快速估计。该方案在例如直接流数字格式这样的无损压缩一比特比特流信号中特别有益。
注意,在标准脉冲编码调制(PCM)编码中,众所周知可获得编码增益与在该信号功率中的结构的等级(平直度)直接相关。但是,在本发明的所述方案中,使用了信号功率自身,而不是它的结构。
附图说明
后面,参考附图将进一步解释本发明,其中,
图1是一个描述在音频信号的选定频带中压缩增益和信号功率的关系曲线图。
图2是根据本发明的信号处理装置的实施例的数字式音频信号记录或发送链的简化方框图,并且
图3是在图2的方框图中的信号处理器中使用的一个第五级西革马—德尔塔调制器的简化拓仆图。
具体实施方式
尽管对无损编码器的研究已经证明,在音频信号频带自身中,例如0到20KHz,压缩比例作为信号功率的函数存在一个相对平坦的响应曲线,在音频信号频带外的一个信号频带,例如图1所说明的从20kHz到50kHz的信号频带,得到压缩增益cg与信号功率sp的关系曲线中有一个非常陡峭的响应。
在图2的方框图中描述的信号处理装置中,这个独特的相关性被用于通过无损编码得到的压缩比例或编码增益的估计。一个可以是模拟或数字式信号的输入音频信号提供给信号处理器1,根据由参数控制装置2确定的至少一个可变处理参数处理在信号处理器1中的输入音频信号。在说明例中,由控制装置2产生的控制信号控制自适应西革马—德尔塔调制器3的适应性,该西革马—德尔塔调制器3产生例如一比特比特流信号的所谓的DSD(直接流数字式)格式的数据流信号作为从信号处理器1提供到无损编码器4的输出信号。改变用于控制信号处理器1的可变参数对从编码器4中获得的压缩增益有显著的影响,其结果是,大大影响记录在如图2所描述的数字视频磁盘5(DVD)的超级音频致密光盘(SACD)的记录媒体所记录或存储的数据量。参见与同本申请有相同优先权日的相同申请人的标题为"音频信号处理"的待审查专利申请。
根据本发明的一个实施例,如图1所描述的在直接流数字式(DSD)格式信号中的比特流信号的信号功率同压缩增益之间的相关性用于提供编码增益的快速而准确的估计。如图所示,该信号功率可以用连接到信号处理器1输出的一个提取与相关装置6从该比特流信号中提取,并提供压缩比例或编码增益估计作为到参数控制装置2的输入控制信号。
如图所示,该信号处理器1的参数控制组件通常是自适应西革马—德尔塔调制器3,并且可以使用几种方式来适应或修改该西革马—德尔塔调制器的结构,例如在不同级数的西革马—德尔塔调制器结构之间或者在调制器的高频噪声中建立的结构之间漂移。
这样,通过在第3级、第5级或第7级调制器结构之间的漂移就可以获得的压缩比范围从第3级结构的3.7到第7级结构的2.3或更低,并且该压缩比例可以被用于对从编码器4出来的压缩比特流信号中的数据量整形,以适合如DVD5这样的记录媒体的有限的记录或存储容量。
图3的框图显示了一个在图2中的信号处理器1使用的第五级西革马—德尔塔调制器的优选拓仆图。该图示的拓仆图是基于一个多谐振器结构,其中在谐振器R1,R2,…R5的反馈回路的系数c1,c2,…c5确定该回路滤波器的极点(或者噪声转移函数的零点)。尽管该图示的拓仆图是用于5级调制器,增加另一个谐振器结构,同样的拓仆图可以被用于7级调制器。
在这样的一个西革马—德尔塔调制器的普通设计中,极点通常位于音频频带内,但是根据本发明推荐在音频频带外有至少一个极点,以在该西革马—德尔塔频谱的高频部分产生附加结构,否则该西革马—德尔塔频谱的高频部分几乎是平的。
这样,尽管在西革马—德尔塔调制器的标准设计中极点通常位于8.7,15.7和19.5kHz,根据本发明,最后一个极点推荐从20kHz区域漂移到一个更高频率区域,例如300kHz以上,这样将导致压缩比例的显著增加。虽然这样做可能伴随有信/噪比性能的轻微减小,但是由于额外的噪声引入到人耳敏感性差的频带的高端,因此,它通常是可以接受的。
将极点位置从20kHz区域漂移到更高频率可以由在现有调制器结构中增加单独的额外的带通滤波器实现,例如与低通回路滤波器并联。在这样的并联滤波器中使用一个二级巴特沃兹(Butter-Worth)带通滤波器,可以使压缩增益显著增加,修改后的调制器对大输入保持稳定,并且,与未修改的调制器相比,在音频频带的信/噪比性能几乎保持不变。
考虑到在不同的西革马—德尔塔调制器结构之间漂移可能引起在比特流信号的特定频带的信号功率和压缩比例或编码增益之间对应关系的变化,从而可能影响到用于作为估计压缩比例的基础的相关性这样的事实,使用一个初始校准过程来固定该相关性可能有益。
为了这一目的,可以如图2中用虚线显示的框7所示加入一个固定的西革马—德尔塔调制器作为一个在无损编码器4前的最终处理装置。这样,该信号功率最好从固定的西革马—德尔塔调制器7提供给无损编码器4的信号中提取。
尽管上面描述并在图2显示的信号处理器实施例中使用了一个自适应西革马—德尔塔调制器,它根据从比特流信号的信号功率获取的相关性来适应或修改压缩比例或编码增益,也可以单独或组合使用其他方法,例如在信号处理器中的自适应或固定西革马—德尔塔调制器之前加入一个有限带宽低通滤波器,以减少信号电平。
而且,实现根据本发明的实施例的方法的一个信号处理装置自身不必包括压缩编码装置,因为压缩比例估计从随后的压缩编码可以获得,可以单独使用,例如在录音室环境中纯粹为了评价,格式化,创作和/或编辑一个音频信号序列。
注意,上面提及的实施例只是为了说明发明而非限定本发明,并且本领域普通技术人员能够没有脱离本发明的权利要求限定的发明范围设计许多其他实施例。在权利要求中,任何置于括号内的参考符号不应该被解释为对本发明的限制。单词"包括"不是不包括那些在权利要求书中没列出的其他元素或步骤。本发明可以由包括几个独立元件的硬件实现,也可以由合适的编程的计算机实现。权利要求所列举的几种方式的装置中,可用一个相同的硬件单元来实施这些方式中的几种,只有在少数情况下,不同从属权利要求中所述的某些方法不表明不能有利地用这些方法的组合。
Claims (11)
1.估计在压缩给定的音频信号中可获得的压缩增益的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
在给定的音频信号的选定频带内提取信号功率,并且
通过与提取的信号功率的相关性获得该压缩增益的估计。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,音频信号是一比特噪声整形数字信号。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,压缩是无损的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述选定的频带高于20kHz。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述选定的频带是从20到50kHz。
6.在记录媒体上记录音频信号的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
压缩音频信号以获得一个压缩的音频信号,
在记录媒体上记录压缩的音频信号,
该方法还包括:
在音频信号的选定频带内提取信号功率来估计在压缩步骤中可获得的一个压缩增益,并且通过与提取的信号功率的相关性获得压缩增益的估计,
根据所述估计的压缩增益控制所述压缩。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述压缩步骤包括:
响应估计的压缩增益通过自适应噪音整形调制,把音频信号转换成为数字信号,
8.发送音频信号的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
压缩音频信号以获得压缩的音频信号,
通过传送媒体传送该压缩的音频信号,
该方法还包括:
通过在音频信号的选定频带内提取信号功率来估计在压缩步骤中可获得的压缩增益,并且通过与提取的信号功率的相关性获得该压缩增益的估计;
根据所述估计的压缩增益控制所述压缩。
9.用于估计在压缩给定音频信号中可获得的压缩增益的装置,该装置包括:
在给定的音频信号的选定频带内提取信号功率的装置,以及
通过与提取的信号功率的相关性获得该压缩增益的估计的装置。
10.用于在记录媒体上记录音频信号的记录装置,该记录装置包括:
压缩音频信号以获得压缩的音频信号的装置,
在记录媒体上记录该压缩的音频信号的装置,
记录装置还包括:
根据权利要求9所述的用于估计在压缩中可获得的压缩增益的装置,
根据所述估计的压缩增益控制所述压缩的装置。
11.用于传送音频信号的传送器,该传送器包括:
压缩音频信号以获得压缩的音频信号的装置,
通过传送媒体传送压缩的音频信号的装置,
该传送器还包括:
根据权利要求9所述的用于估计在压缩中可获得的压缩增益的装置,
根据所述估计的压缩增益控制所述压缩过程的装置。
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CN (2) | CN1388965A (zh) |
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EP1317754A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
WO2002021525A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
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JP4950407B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
US20020165631A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
US20020163455A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
US20040230427A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
JP2004508598A (ja) | 2004-03-18 |
CN1308949C (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
BR0107191A (pt) | 2002-07-16 |
EP1328938A1 (en) | 2003-07-23 |
JP2004508755A (ja) | 2004-03-18 |
KR20020052203A (ko) | 2002-07-02 |
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