CN1387548A - 生产发泡聚合材料的方法和实施该方法的挤出机 - Google Patents

生产发泡聚合材料的方法和实施该方法的挤出机 Download PDF

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CN1387548A
CN1387548A CN00815464A CN00815464A CN1387548A CN 1387548 A CN1387548 A CN 1387548A CN 00815464 A CN00815464 A CN 00815464A CN 00815464 A CN00815464 A CN 00815464A CN 1387548 A CN1387548 A CN 1387548A
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R·卡拉那
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Lmp Impianti Srl
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/305Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/54Screws with additional forward-feeding elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/55Screws having reverse-feeding elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/67Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion

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Abstract

本方法涉及通过添加物理发泡剂对聚合材料挤出生产导热系数低于40mW/°K·m,密度在50千克/立方米以下的发泡聚烯烃材料的方法。挤出在具有同向旋转、互穿的螺杆(12)的双螺杆挤出机中完成,轴向间距(I)与直径(D)之间的比例为0.7-0.8,长/径比(L/D)为22-30,和其中所述螺杆(12)具有多个混合区(返混)(18a-c)及多个交替泵送区(16a-d),混合区(18a-c)和泵送区(16a-d)之间的长度比为65-75%。在挤出过程中,螺杆以50转/分的速度旋转。

Description

生产发泡聚合材料的方法和实施 该方法的挤出机
本发明涉及一种通过添加物理发泡剂对聚合物进行挤出,生产具有闭孔结构的低密度聚烯烃发泡聚合材料的方法,并涉及一种用于实施该方法的挤出机。
在低密度聚烯烃泡沫体的生产中,最通常使用的发泡剂为包括氟烃的有机化合物,尤其是饱和氯氟烃(CFC)和氢氯氟烃(HCFC)及其它卤代烃。但是,这种氯氟烃,由于其对环境的负面影响,尤其因为它们被怀疑对地球大气的保护臭氧层有破坏作用,而被认为是不理想的,并因此正逐渐被停止使用。采用其它对臭氧层没有损害的卤代烃,但用它们作为发泡剂却存在其它问题,因为它们非常易燃。
例如,已有建议采用诸如二氧化碳、氮、氩气及水的无机发泡剂来替代CFC和HCFC,它们不易燃而且对环境几乎没有影响。但是,作为单一发泡剂单独使用这些剂本身时,一般不可能获得诸如利用常规发泡剂所达到的所需密度的泡沫体。因此,在本领域的研究已转向利用基于几种发泡剂组合的专门发泡体系,趋向于选择具有特殊物理特性的聚合材料,并趋向于使用一些添加剂。
USP 5 244 927描述了利用由二氧化碳、低级醇及水的组合所构成的一种发泡体系,来制造低密度聚苯乙烯泡沫体。
USP 5 554 661描述了利用具有特定熔融指数及熔融张力特征的乙烯聚合物和以二氧化碳及/或氩气作为发泡剂,制得闭孔发泡的密度低于150千克/立方米的乙烯聚合物材料。
本发明另一方面涉及一种生产具有所需低密度及低导热系数特征的发泡聚烯烃材料的方法,甚至使用了如二氧化碳、惰性气体或水作为单一发泡剂,也涉及使用具备独特物理和机械特性的挤出方法。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种通过添加物理发泡剂对聚合材料进行挤出来生产导热系数在40mW/°K·m以下、密度小于50千克/立方米的发泡聚烯烃材料的方法,其特征在于:挤出是在具有同向旋转和互穿的(interpenetrating)螺杆的双螺杆挤出机中完成的,在此轴向间距和直径之间的比例为0.7-0.8,螺杆长/径比(L/D)为22-30,而且其中两个同向旋转螺杆具有多个混合区(返混)和多个交替泵送区(输送),其混合区和泵送区之间的总长比为65-75%,其中所述螺杆以50转/分以下的转速旋转。
本发明方法中所用的聚烯烃聚合物包括诸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯的聚烯烃和它们的共聚物和芳族链烯基聚合物。后者包括芳族链烯基化合物诸如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、乙烯基苯、乙烯基甲苯、氯代苯乙烯和溴代苯的聚合物。可用的聚合物包括少量的不饱和单烯键化合物,诸如可与芳族链烯基化合物共聚合的C2-C6烷基酸类(alkylylic acids)或C4-C6二烯,诸如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯腈、马来酐、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和醋酸乙烯酯。但是,这些共聚物的使用并不特别理想,因为它大大增加了原料费用。
本发明方法利用发泡剂诸如二氧化碳、氮、氩气和氦时特别有利;但是,本发明范围也扩展至使用脂族化合物,诸如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷和正戊烷和具有1-3个碳原子的脂族醇。此外,在本发明范围内也包括利用常规CFC和HCFC的方法。该聚合材料也可包括通常用于发泡材料挤出中的添加剂,诸如成核剂、阻燃剂和着色剂。用于控制泡沫体内泡孔尺寸的成核剂,包括尤其是滑石、氧化镁、硅酸钙、硬脂酸钙和柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠的混合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种用于实施如上所述方法的挤出机,包括两个同向旋转、互穿的螺杆,其特征在于其轴向间距(I)和直径(D)之间的比例为0.7-0.8,而长/径比(L/D)为22-30,该螺杆具有多个混合区(返混)和多个交替泵送区,其混合和泵送区之间的长度比为65-75%。
通过随后的详细说明并参考附图所表明的非限制性实施例的具体实施方案,本发明另外的特征和优点会显得更清楚,其中:
图1为说明实施本发明的一种挤出装置的一系列部件的剖面示意图。
图2为设置在图1的挤出设备部件下游的口模的断面侧视图。
图3和4分别为取自图2中线III-III和IV-IV线处的断面图。
图5是图2的口模的正视图。
图6是取自图2中线VI-VI的断面图,和
图7是实施本发明的挤出装置的一种螺杆的侧视图。
参照图1,管式挤出机主体10一般显示有被设置在其内腔中的两个同向旋转、互穿的螺杆12,其特征如上所述。通过未被说明的给料设备,沿该螺杆的初始运送区14将聚合材料注入挤出机的该空腔中。该螺杆12包括(参见图7)被三个返混区18a、b及c隔开的四个泵送区16a、b、c及d。
在第一泵送区16a的下游(参见附图标记17),该螺杆12优选芯杆直径增大7-14%,外径减小4-8%,在最后混合区18c的下游(参见附图标记19),芯杆直径增大2-5%,外径减小1-3%。由于附图比例和它们都比较小,图1-7没有显现出这些变化。
该材料在初始给料器区14和输送区16a内被熔化;发泡剂优选经由未示出的注射器沿流动区16b被引入至挤出机主体最接近第一返混区18a的下游处。
挤出机头的压力为200-280巴,优选为240-280巴。显然,挤出机内温度与所用聚合物的特定特征相关,由操作者来控制。
在离开最后流动/泵送区16d后,熔化的聚合材料被注入静态混合器/均质器单元20中。这个单元可以是一种已知类型的并优选由本申请人的USP A-4 222 729中所描述的设备组成。
总之,在利用本发明方法时,优选的是静态混合器单元要具有其产生的压力降在30-80巴的特征。
在离开静态混合器20后,物料最后在一般压力为100-200巴下被注入口模22中(参见图2至6)。
口模22有一主体24,主体上有一用于流过材料的内通道26,其第一部分28的横断面(参见图4、5及6)从圆截面30逐渐变为基本矩形的截面32,其中一对侧面34比另一对侧面36明显更长。
通道26有第二部分38,其被设置在第一部分28的下游,其横断面(参见图3)是逐渐变化的,侧面34进一步伸长,而侧面36进一步缩短。
最后,两个相对模唇40(参见图2)被装配在流出通道26的外出口,它使得通道28的流通截面减小。
实施例I
采用了同向旋转的双螺杆挤出机,螺杆具有前已描述的特征,其长径比(L/D)为24。螺杆的进一步特征如下:
轴向间距I:100毫米;
螺杆直径D:132毫米;
有效功率:75千瓦。
所用聚合材料是聚苯乙烯,其熔融指数为1.7-1.8克/10分钟,维卡点在100℃以上。
所用材料还包括作为成核剂的0.5-1.5重量%的滑石,4-5%的阻燃剂及着色剂。采用纯二氧化碳作为发泡剂,在试验期间所用发泡剂的百分比不同,范围在100份固体物料2-5%之间。
在试验过程中螺杆的旋转速度为18-25转/分。
挤出机头压力维持在200-280巴,口模内压力为100-200巴。
获得的发泡材料板具有:
-宽度变化为600-800毫米;
-厚度为20-60毫米;
-密度变化为35-50千克/立方米;
-泡孔大小变化为0.150-0.250毫米。
得到的导热系数在挤出之后立即变化,其数值为26.5-28.2mW/°K·m。
这些变化均是由所用发泡剂和成核剂的不同百分比造成的。
按ASTM D 2856-A的方法测定,所得发泡板的闭孔结构占至少95%。
生产率比率(有效功率/千克产品)为0.4-0.6千瓦/千克。
实施例II
采用一种同向旋转的双螺杆挤出机,其螺杆与以上所用的类型相同,其另外的特征如下:
-轴向间距I:66毫米;
-螺杆直径D:82毫米;
-有效功率18千瓦。
采用与实施例I相同的聚合材料,同时发泡剂量也在2-5%之间变化。
挤出机头压力在200-280巴之间变化,而口模压力为100-120巴。
获得的发泡材料板具有:
-宽度为200-450毫米;
-厚度为10-25毫米;
-密度为35-50千克/立方米;
-泡孔大小为0.150-0.250毫米。

Claims (9)

1、一种通过添加物理发泡剂对聚合材料进行挤出生产具有导热系数低于40mW/°K·m及密度在50千克/立方米以下的发泡聚烯烃材料的方法,其特征在于:在具有同向旋转和互穿的螺杆(12)的双螺杆挤出机中完成挤出,轴向间距(I)与直径(D)间的比例为0.7-0.8,长/径比(L/D)为22-30,和其中所述螺杆(12)具有多个混合区(返混)(18a-c)及多个交替泵送区(16a-d),混合区(18a-c)和泵送区(16a-d)之间的长度比为65-75%,而且其中所述螺杆(12)以低于50转/分的速度旋转。
2、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,第一泵送区(16a)下游,所述螺杆(12)的芯杆直径增加7-14%,同时外径减小4-8%。
3、按照前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于,最后混合区(18c)的下游,所述螺杆(12)的芯杆直径增加2-5%,同时外径减小1-3%。
4、按照前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于,口模(22)被设置在挤出机下游,该挤出机有一主体(24),主体上有一用于流过材料的内通道(26),其第一部分(28)的断面从圆截面(30)变化为基本矩形的截面(32),其中一对侧面(34)比另一对侧面(36)明显更长。
5、按照权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,所述通道(26)有一第二部分(38),其被设置在第一部分(28)的下游,其断面进一步地变化使侧面(34)更长,而侧面(36)更短。
6、按照前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于,在输送通道(26)出口处构成限制所述通道(26)的流通截面的两个相对模唇(40)。
7、一种用于实施按照前述权利要求中任一项的方法的挤出机,它包括两个同向旋转、互穿的螺杆(12),所述挤出机的特征在于所述螺杆(12)的轴向间距(I)与直径(D)间的比例为0.7-0.8,长/径比(L/D)为22-30,且所述螺杆具有多个混合区(返混)(18a-c)及多个交替泵送区(16a-d),混合区(18a-c)和泵送区(16a-d)之间的长度比为65-75%。
8、按照权利要求7的挤出机,其特征在于,第一泵送区(16a)下游,所述螺杆(12)的芯杆直径增加7-14%,同时外径减小4-8%。
9、按照权利要求7或8的挤出机,其特征在于,在最后混合区(18c)下游,所述螺杆(12)的芯杆直径增加2-5%,同时外径减小1-3%。
CN00815464A 1999-11-09 2000-11-03 生产发泡聚合材料的方法和实施该方法的挤出机 Pending CN1387548A (zh)

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CN114424359A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2022-04-29 法国原子能源和替代能源委员会 制造包括捕获电解质的聚合物基质的电极的方法
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