CN1384328A - 热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1384328A
CN1384328A CN02106873A CN02106873A CN1384328A CN 1384328 A CN1384328 A CN 1384328A CN 02106873 A CN02106873 A CN 02106873A CN 02106873 A CN02106873 A CN 02106873A CN 1384328 A CN1384328 A CN 1384328A
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heat exchange
heat exchanger
exchange mass
thermally insulated
insulated container
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CN02106873A
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CN1260540C (zh
Inventor
斯特凡·威廉
沃尔夫冈·贝德尔
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04945—Details of internal structure; insulation and housing of the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种热交换器,具有至少一个热交换块(1)和一个包围该热交换器的绝热容器,其中设置有固定装置(3,4,5,7)以将该热交换块(1)悬挂式固定在绝热容器中。根据本发明,热交换块(1)可活动地安置在绝热容器中。

Description

热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热交换器，具有至少一个热交换块和一个包围该热交换器的绝热容器，其中设置有固定装置，以将该热交换块悬挂式固定在绝热容器中，以及涉及该热交换器在低温空气分离设备中的使用。
背景技术
在低温空气分离设备中，必须将待分离的使用空气冷却至工艺温度。这通常通过使使用空气与在空气分离设备中获得的产品流进行间接热交换来实现。在加工大量空气的设备中，主热交换器通过多个并联的热交换块实现。在此，各个热交换块通常作为板式热交换器构成。
主热交换器的绝热通过将该热交换器装入一个热绝缘的绝热容器中、即所谓的冷箱中实现。为了将热交换器或者说各个热交换块固定在该绝热容器中，已经公知多种不同方法。
一种公知方法是，将这些热交换块安置在绝热箱底部上或基底上的机架上或梁上。在热交换块上，还部分地在两个相反对置的侧面上还部分地安置了成型件，这些成型件然后被安放在横穿绝热臂延伸的梁上并将热交换块固定住。同样也可以在侧面安置的成型件上安置拉杆，借助这些拉杆将热交换器悬挂在绝热室的顶部梁上。
此外，在WO 99/11990中描述道，将热交换块在热端、即在上部区域内用支承升降台固定，在冷端借助绳状元件倾斜拉紧在绝热室内。
所有这些固定方法的共同点是，热交换块刚性地固定在绝热室内。在起动设备时或在负载变化时与该热交换块连接的管道发生由温度引起的明显长度变化，其大小可达每米管长4mm。因此，为了避免例如在冷却时由于管收缩而在热交换块或管道上发生裂纹或其它损坏，迄今设置管道回弯(Leitungsschleifen)作为收缩补偿装置，或者花费成本地加强热交换块上的短管。由此增大了布管所必须的管长，提高了布管的位置需求，并且使布管复杂化。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，提供一种热交换器，它可以这样固定在绝热容器中，使得布管尽可能简单，避免或至少减小用于收缩补偿的管道回弯。
根据本发明，该任务通过一种开头所述类型的热交换器解决，其中，热交换块可活动地安置在绝热容器中。
根据本发明，这样固定热交换块，使得与热交换块连接的管道中由热引起的变化通过热交换块的位置变化被补偿。这样，例如在设备冷却时，热交换块与收缩的管道一起移动。
优选将热交换块这样固定在绝热容器中，使得热交换块的下端部在至少两个空间方向上可移动。特别优选，热交换块可自由活动地在其重心上方悬挂住。
通常，热交换块在上端部上被输送给热的使用空气，在下端部上被输送给冷的产品气。相应地，在起动时或在负载变化时，只有与热交换块的冷的下端部连接的管道发生明显的长度变化，因为在热端部上的温度变化很小。通过将热交换块悬挂在其重心上，它可以在其下端部上相对容易地偏移。因此，在与下端部连接的、由于其收缩而引起热交换块偏移的管道上只作用小的力。避免了管道上的不允许的高应力负载。
本发明特别是对于包括至少两个、优选至少四个热交换块的热交换器有效。本发明特别适合于包括八个或十个热交换块的热交换器，这些热交换块分成两列、每列四个或五个。对于由更多热交换块组成的更大的热交换器，为了将待冷却的使用空气和以反向流输送的产品流分配到各个热交换块上，必须进行复杂的布管。
迄今所必需的作为收缩长度的管道回弯额外增加了布管难度，并且特别是明显增大了为此所必需的位置需求。因此还必须设置较大的绝热容器，这进一步提高了这种设备的成本。
本发明对热交换块的固定方法简化了布管，减小了绝热容器，从而使得成本明显降低。特别是当各个热交换块具有通入一个总的集流管中的输入和/或排出管道时是这种情况。
优选设置具有铰链的固定装置，这样，热交换块可以绕铰链轴偏转。这样一种万向节式的悬挂可以在技术上不太费事地实现，在实践中证明是特别有利的。
附图说明
下面借助在附图中示出的实施例详细解释本发明及本发明其它细节。图中示出：
图1  一个本发明热交换器的悬挂示意图，
图2  图1的侧视图。
具体实施方式
附图1和2示出一个热交换块1的上端部，该热交换块1装在一个低温空气分离设备的主热交换器中。总的主热交换器由多个并联连接的这样的热交换块1组成。
热交换块1具有一个最大240mm的宽度。在热交换块1上安置了一个集流-分配器2、即所谓的集管，一个或多个未详细示出的管道从这里引出。
在热交换块1上，在两个相反对置的侧面上固定了铝板3，它们向上超过集管2伸出。一个基本呈三角形的钢板4或一个按照静力学要求设计的钢梁垂直于铝板3安置在集管2的上方，并且在两个角上通过销柱5与两个铝板3铰链式连接。钢板4可以绕通过延长两个销柱5形成的轴线6相对于热交换块1运动。
在钢板4的第三个角上有另一个铰链7。借助该铰链7，钢板4悬挂在一个工字形梁8上，该工字形梁8固定在一个未示出的冷箱中并支承热交换块1。铰链7允许发生在钢板4平面内或者说围绕垂直于钢板4的轴线9的运动。
因此，热交换块1可万向节式绕两个相互垂直的轴线6，9转动地被悬挂。两个铝板3和钢板4的安置这样选择，使得悬挂点10垂直地位于热交换块1的重心上方。
通过合适地选择铝板3与钢板4之间的距离，可以额外容许热交换块1水平运动。
铰链7这样安置，使得轴线9与特定设计要求相适应，即与在热交换块特定实施形式中所出现的或可计算出的管应力相适应。
在热交换块1的下端部上，安置了一个或多个未示出的管道，它们用于输入和排出相互进行热交换的流体流。在负载变化时或在设备加热和冷却过程中，这些管道发生由热引起的长度变化，大小为每米管长约3至4mm。通过按照本发明将热交换块1在其重心上方悬挂住，热交换块1通过作用在其下端部上的相当小的力就可偏移。热交换块1的这种偏移补偿了由于热引起的管长变化，从而可以放弃管道中用于收缩补偿的管道回弯。

Claims (9)

1.热交换器，具有至少一个热交换块和一个包围该热交换器的绝热容器，其中设置有固定装置，以将该热交换块悬挂式固定在绝热容器中，其特征在于，热交换块(1)可活动地安置在绝热容器中。
2.按权利要求1所述的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换块(1)的下端部在至少两个空间方向上可活动。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换块(1)可自由活动地在其重心上方悬挂住。
4.按权利要求1至3之一所述的热交换器，其特征在于，该热交换器包括至少两个、优选至少三个热交换块(1)。
5.按权利要求4所述的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换块(1)具有输入和/或排出管道，它们通入一个总的集流管。
6.按权利要求1至5之一所述的热交换器，其特征在于，固定装置具有铰链(5，7)。
7.按权利要求6所述的热交换器，其特征在于，固定装置具有两个相互垂直的回转轴线(6，9)。
8.按权利要求1至7之一所述的热交换器，其特征在于，固定装置具有一个与热交换块(1)固定连接的第一元件(3)和一个与该第一元件(3)铰链式连接的第二元件(4)，其中，第二元件(4)铰链式固定在绝热容器中。
9.按权利要求1至8之一所述的热交换器使用于低温空气分离设备中，特别是作为低温空气分离设备的主热交换器。
CNB021068739A 2001-03-06 2002-03-06 热交换器 Expired - Fee Related CN1260540C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10110704A DE10110704A1 (de) 2001-03-06 2001-03-06 Wärmetauscher
DE10110704.8 2001-03-06

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CN1384328A true CN1384328A (zh) 2002-12-11
CN1260540C CN1260540C (zh) 2006-06-21

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US (1) US7325594B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1239254B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3978353B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100876039B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1260540C (zh)
AT (1) ATE325998T1 (zh)
BR (1) BR0200654B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2375794C (zh)
DE (2) DE10110704A1 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA02002000A (zh)
TW (1) TW514717B (zh)

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CA2375794A1 (en) 2002-09-06
TW514717B (en) 2002-12-21
EP1239254A3 (de) 2002-12-04
BR0200654A (pt) 2002-12-10
JP3978353B2 (ja) 2007-09-19
CN1260540C (zh) 2006-06-21
BR0200654B1 (pt) 2010-11-16
US7325594B2 (en) 2008-02-05
DE50206714D1 (de) 2006-06-14
EP1239254A2 (de) 2002-09-11
MXPA02002000A (es) 2004-04-21
JP2002303497A (ja) 2002-10-18
ATE325998T1 (de) 2006-06-15
KR20020071732A (ko) 2002-09-13
KR100876039B1 (ko) 2008-12-26
DE10110704A1 (de) 2002-09-12
EP1239254B1 (de) 2006-05-10
US20020124998A1 (en) 2002-09-12
CA2375794C (en) 2012-07-03

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