CN1380851A - 使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器及其制造方法 - Google Patents

使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1380851A
CN1380851A CN01801230A CN01801230A CN1380851A CN 1380851 A CN1380851 A CN 1380851A CN 01801230 A CN01801230 A CN 01801230A CN 01801230 A CN01801230 A CN 01801230A CN 1380851 A CN1380851 A CN 1380851A
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glass
white wool
glass white
vacuum
wool
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丁炯镇
金龟大
朴鲁景
申容圭
尹成镐
李圣揆
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Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST
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Abstract

按本发明的真空隔绝器包括密度在0.1－0.5g/cm3并热导率小于0.0023Kcal/mh℃的玻璃白棉体部,,还包括一个包围所述体部的非渗透性容器,其中的压力在10－6－10－1乇之间。该真空隔绝器是通过堆积玻璃白棉、对堆积的玻璃白棉进行热压以形成一个密度为0.1－0.5g/cm3的体部而制成的,其中在0.007－1.5kg/cm3的压力和20℃下加压超过10分钟,并将体部放入一个非渗透性的容器中,以及在该容器中形成一个真空。

Description

使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可以用在隔绝的或者绝热的冷冻/冷藏运输装置和其他各种工业设备中的真空隔绝器，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器和其制造方法，即对不包含有机或者无机的粘合剂的玻璃白棉进行压力成形并且在一个非渗透性的容器中对玻璃白棉进行抽真空。
技术背景
隔绝器中通常主要使用用HCFC例如氟里昂(Feron)进行发泡的聚氨酯泡沫，但是，最近要求一种新的绝热系统，这是因为经过长时间的使用之后绝热效果会变差，并且由于环境问题HCFC的使用也越来越受到限制。另外，正在研究一种真空绝热系统，以改善产品例如冰箱或者冷冻机的热绝缘性能。
真空隔绝系统是一种通过保持系统内部为真空而使得热传递最小化以及保持热绝缘的系统。为了在一个板的状态下保持真空，重要的因素是主体的强度和气孔的状态以及可以由此可承受大气压力的热绝缘效果。
用在真空绝热系统中的主体可以使用无机材料如二氧化硅粉末、玻璃纤维、硅酸钙的模制体制成，也可以使用有机材料如具有细微的开口孔结构的聚氨酯和聚苯乙烯泡沫。
在美国专利4 195 395，4 425 413和4 681 788中公开了使用二氧化硅粉末来作为真空隔绝器的主体的方法，在美国专利4 668 555中公开了一种使用具有开口孔结构的聚氨酯泡沫的方法，在朝鲜专利申请95-48619中公开了一种使用聚苯乙烯泡沫的方法。另外，在韩国专利公开文本1999-010954中公开了一种通过将聚氨酯或者聚苯乙烯泡沫的气孔结构变为一种非均质的结构来提高绝热效果的方法。由上述的隔绝主体制造的真空隔绝器的绝热性能为0.004-0.007Kcal/mh℃，这比传统的冰箱中的聚氨酯泡沫的0.02Kcal/mh℃要好，但是，它要比使用玻璃纤维制造的真空隔绝器的0.002-0.003Kcal/mh℃的绝热性能要差。
在美国专利5 090 981和5 094 899及5 330 816中公开了使用玻璃纤维的真空隔绝器。
根据上述的美国专利，玻璃纤维应该被模制成为一个特定的形状以被用作真空隔绝器，因此在使用的方法中使用少量的有机或者无机的粘合剂，或者使用不包含粘合剂的加压热硬化玻璃纤维。在使用有机或者无机的粘合剂时，粘合剂可能会进入玻璃纤维的气孔层或者产生状况的恶化，从而降低了真空隔绝效果，并且由于增加的工艺和材料使得制造成本提高。按照热硬化的方法，玻璃纤维在一个高于构成玻璃纤维的玻璃的应变点和低于其软化点之间的温度区域受到压力作用，并且保持一段稳定的时间，由此得到一玻璃纤维板。不过，根据该方法，玻璃纤维应该被加热到高于构成玻璃纤维的玻璃的应变点的温度，并且当抽真空排气时，真空腔中应该进行密封，因此要求许多的工艺和能耗，从而会提高制造成本。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的在于提供一种真空隔绝器，其可以减少制造成本和工艺，但是可以保持和使用传统玻璃纤维的常规技术相同的隔热性能，从而提高了生产率。
为了实现本发明的目的，提供了一种使用玻璃白棉(glass white wool)的真空隔绝器，它包括一个玻璃白棉体部，其密度为0.1-0.5g/cm3，且热传导率为小于0.0023Kcal/mh℃，还包括一个围绕该体部的非渗透性的容器，其中的真空压力为10-6-10-1乇。
而且，通过堆积不含有机的或者无机的粘合剂的玻璃白棉来制造这种真空隔绝器，对堆积的玻璃白棉进行热压以形成一个密度为0.1-0.5g/cm3的体部，并且其中在0.007-1.5kg/cm3和在玻璃白棉的应变点之上20度内进行加压超过10分钟，并将体部放入到非渗透性的容器中并且在该容器中形成一个真空。
附图说明
附图1a-1d是工艺流程图，示出了使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器的制造过程。附图1a示出了一个在一压力机的下压板上堆积玻璃白棉的过程，附图1b示出了一个堆积的玻璃白棉的加压过程，附图1d示出了一个在一非渗透性的容器中对玻璃白棉进行抽真空的过程。
附图2示出了当堆积的玻璃白棉在0.007kg/cm2的压力下加压30分钟时在保持玻璃白棉体时该堆积的玻璃白棉的厚度变化曲线图；和
附图3为表示时间变化的曲线图，当玻璃白棉在0.007kg/cm3的压力和400℃温度加压时可以保持体部的厚度。
具体的实施方式
以下将参照附图对本发明进行描述。
本发明的发明人注意到了这样一个事实，即不包含粘合剂的白棉形态的玻璃直径为10μm或者更小，并且发现玻璃在小于具有和玻璃相同的组成的玻璃纤维的应变点的温度加压时会产生变形。
以下将参考附图对根据本发明的真空隔绝器的制造方法进行描述。附图1a-1d是表示制造按照本发明的使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器的工艺流程图。参照附图，通过一个在上压板1和下压板4上的加热单元2的加热使得温度被保持在玻璃白棉的应变点之上20℃以内。然后，将不包含有机或者无机粘合剂的一定形状的玻璃白棉3a堆积在下压板4上(附图1)。堆积的玻璃白棉3a通过抬起下压板4被加压(附图2)。在那时，压制温度、压制时间和模制压力是很重要的，其合适的范围将在下面描述。当模制过程结束后，降低下压板4并且使玻璃白棉体3b在压力机外面进行冷却(附图1c)。之后，将玻璃白棉3b放进一个由不锈钢薄板5和6制成的非透渗透性容器中并且通过真空排气(图1d)而进行减压，以改善玻璃白棉体3d的绝热效果。该非渗透性的容器由厚度小于120μm的不锈钢薄板制成。通过上述的减压过程，玻璃白棉体3d的内部结构被改变成一种具有较好的绝热效果的结构。在玻璃白棉体被放进容器中之前，它可以被边缘切割或者被加工成合适的尺寸。为了进行真空排气，一根小管子7和非渗透性的容器的一侧相连并且通过该管子7来进行真空排气，由此在容器内的玻璃白棉体3d变成真空状态。之后，通过压紧管子7而使容器密封。希望该非渗透性容器中的压力在10-6-10-1乇之间，并且管子由一定的力压紧。
在一定的压力下改变加压温度和加压时间时对玻璃白棉的厚度进行研究，以确定一个最佳的温度和时间的范围。
附图2示出了当堆积的玻璃白棉在0.007kg/cm3的压力下加压30分钟并且保持体态时其厚度的变化。如从附图2可以看出，若在一定的压力之下温度不到达一定的值可以形成用于保持体部(形态)的厚度。在此情况下，它可被用作真空隔绝器的主体部件。能够保持体部厚度的温度应该在玻璃白棉应变点之下110℃即400℃或更高。因此，最低的模制温度应高于应变点以下110℃。不过，考虑到玻璃白棉的变形，所希望的最高模制温度是应变点之上20℃。
附图3示出了当在400℃的温度和0.007kg/cm3的压力下压制堆积的玻璃白棉时模制体所保持的厚度随时间变化的曲线图。若加热时间小于10分钟，则不能得到作为模制体的厚度，因为然后，该模制体又会膨胀从而不适合作为主体部分。因此，加压的时间应该大于10分钟。
按上述结果，保持玻璃白棉的模制条件是温度要高于400℃，即构成玻璃白棉的玻璃的应变点之下110℃左右，压力为0.007-1.5kg/cm2，并且玻璃白棉应该被加压大于10分钟。若压力大于上述的最低压力，则可以进行压力模制成形。若压力大于上述的最高压力，在玻璃白棉中的纤维会过多地断裂，因此当它被用作真空隔绝器的主体部分时，即使厚度被保持时仍然可能会降低绝热性能。
按本发明所制造的真空隔绝器的热导率在0.002Kcal/mh℃左右，这比使用有机的或者无机的材料和硅酸钙体部的真空隔绝器要好得多。
以下将参照本发明的实施例对本发明作详细的说明，但是，本发明并不局限于所述的实施例，而是可以作各种变化和修改。
实施例1
使用平均直径为8-12μm的玻璃白棉，它不含有机或无机的粘合剂。在玻璃白棉中还包括含有4-5％重量百分比的B2O3的硼硅酸盐，该玻璃白棉的应变点是510℃，并且玻璃白棉的一个退火温度是550℃。将上述200克的玻璃白棉进行切割使其宽度和长度为20-30cm，并将其堆积在压力机的下压板上。使在上、下压板上的加热单元的温度保持在400℃左右—低于应变点100℃。这个温度是玻璃白棉体态可以被保持的最低温度。通过使用450kg的力抬起下压板而对该玻璃白棉进行压制使其厚度到达2cm左右，并将该过程保持30分钟。之后，通过降低下压板使得玻璃白棉在压机外进行冷却。这样制成模制体使其宽度和长度分别为20cm左右，并将其放入一个由80μm厚度的不锈钢薄板制成的非渗透性容器中，并且通过安放在容器侧面的管子7对其进行抽真空到5.6×10-5乇。之后，通过一个250kg的力将管子压紧并且使其粘附固定，这样，就制出了一个真空隔绝板。在平均温度为20℃时用导热率检测器(Rapid-K型，DYNATECH R/DCO.)测量时，该真空隔绝板的热导率为0.0023Kcal/mh℃。
实施例2
用与实施例1大致相同的方法制出一个真空隔绝板，不同之处在于在模制玻璃白棉时所加的压力为200kg。
实施例3
用与实施例1大致相同的方法制出一个真空隔绝板，不同之处在于在模制玻璃白棉时所加的压力为300kg。
使用按实施例1到3所制造的玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器的热导率示出在下表1中。
             表1  本发明的真空隔绝板的热导率
  实施例 热导率(Kcal/mh℃)     压力(乇)
    1     0.0023     5.6×10-5
    2     0.0022     5.6×10-5
    3     0.0022     5.6×10-5
工业应用性
如上所述，按本发明的使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝板及其制造方法比传统的使用有机材料，无机材料粉末，和硅酸钙体部的真空隔绝板具有高的绝热性能，并且由此可以降低通常使用玻璃纤维作为主体的真空隔绝板的有缺点的高的制造成本，因此可以显著提高生产率。

Claims (9)

1.一种使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器，包括：
一个密度为0.1-0.5g/cm3并且其热导率低于0.0023Kcal/mh℃的玻璃白棉模制体；以及
一个包围所述模制体的非渗透性容器，其中的压力在10-6-10-1乇之间。
2.一种使用玻璃白棉的真空隔绝器的制造方法，包括下列步骤：
将不含有机或无机粘合剂的玻璃白棉堆积成一定的形状；
在玻璃白棉的应变点之上20℃以内的温度和在0.007-1.5kg/cm2的压力下，对堆积的玻璃白棉进行加热和加压超过10分钟，以及
将模制玻璃白棉放入一个非渗透性的容器中，使其减压并且进行抽真空。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法，其中在模制玻璃白棉时最低的模制温度要比玻璃白棉的应变点之下110℃高。
4.按权利要求2所述的方法，其中模制玻璃白棉的密度为0.1-0.5g/cm3。
5.按权利要求2所述的方法，还包括在该玻璃白棉体放入到非渗透性容器中之前加工玻璃白棉体的边缘的步骤。
6.按权利要求2所述的方法，其中使用厚度小于120μm的不锈钢薄板来制造所述的非渗透性容器。
7.按权利要求2所述的方法，其中在所述的非渗透性容器的一个侧面上设置一根用于抽真空的管子。
8.按权利要求7所述的方法，还包括对非渗透性的容器中的玻璃白棉进行抽真空之后通过压紧来使管子密封的步骤。
9.按权利要求2所述的方法，其中在非渗透性的容器中对玻璃白棉进行抽真空时的压力为10-6-10-1乇之间。
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