CN1379710A - 牙刷头和柄的激光连接 - Google Patents

牙刷头和柄的激光连接 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1379710A
CN1379710A CN00812483A CN00812483A CN1379710A CN 1379710 A CN1379710 A CN 1379710A CN 00812483 A CN00812483 A CN 00812483A CN 00812483 A CN00812483 A CN 00812483A CN 1379710 A CN1379710 A CN 1379710A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
handle
joint
micron
energy
greatly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN00812483A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
B·M·鲁塞尔
R·A·格林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Colgate Palmolive Co
Original Assignee
Colgate Palmolive Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Colgate Palmolive Co filed Critical Colgate Palmolive Co
Publication of CN1379710A publication Critical patent/CN1379710A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D3/00—Preparing, i.e. Manufacturing brush bodies
    • A46D3/08—Parts of brush-making machines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B5/00—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware
    • A46B5/002—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware having articulations, joints or flexible portions
    • A46B5/0054—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware having articulations, joints or flexible portions designed to allow relative positioning of the head to body
    • A46B5/0062—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware having articulations, joints or flexible portions designed to allow relative positioning of the head to body being flexible or resilient during use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B5/00—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware
    • A46B5/002—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware having articulations, joints or flexible portions
    • A46B5/0054—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware having articulations, joints or flexible portions designed to allow relative positioning of the head to body
    • A46B5/0062—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware having articulations, joints or flexible portions designed to allow relative positioning of the head to body being flexible or resilient during use
    • A46B5/0066—Flexible resilience by elastic deformation of the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D3/00—Preparing, i.e. Manufacturing brush bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02245—Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B29C66/5261—Joining bars for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the bars to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
    • A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
    • A46B2200/1066—Toothbrush for cleaning the teeth or dentures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
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    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种使用一种激光束熔接预制牙刷头(14)和柄(18)的方法,其中激光束的波长为大约在0.7到2.0微米,或大约在4.0到6.0微米。

Description

牙刷头和柄的激光连接
发明领域
本发明涉及牙刷，特别是涉及一种制造牙刷体的方法，其中，将预制的牙刷头和柄连接在一起以形成完整的牙刷体。
发明背景
传统的牙刷体包括一个细长的杆，该杆用作一个柄，并被连接到一个颈部分上，该颈部分通常可以是直的或是弯曲的，并被连接到一个头部分上，该头部分具有一个被弄平的部分，刷毛的毛束被固定在该部分上。这种牙刷体一般由一次注塑制造而成；其中，将一种熔化的热塑性材料在高压下注入一个钢模中。在塑料凝固之后，打开模子，取出完全成形的牙刷体。这种由一种材料制成的传统的牙刷体，与具有分别由不同材料制成的牙刷头和体的牙刷体相比，缺少要求的可能的不同颜色和物理特性。例如，我们希望该牙刷具有一个刚性柄，以操纵带有一个更柔韧的，也就是刚性较低的头部分的牙刷，该头部分将弯曲，从而能够减少与使用者的过大的刷牙压力有关的齿龈伤害。
美国专利2,445,657公开了一些将牙刷头固定在刚性柄上的牙刷体，这些牙刷头由弹性材料，例如硫化橡胶制成。这些牙刷体经过多步工序制造而成，其中，头和柄被分别制造，随后再粘结在一起。这种粘结，或者通常的粘结剂粘合，需要大量的表面预加工以提供一种足够的/有力的密封，并且需要一个相当长的时间间隔以使粘结剂固化，否则就凝固不了，这对大量生产的经济性造成了不良影响。
美国专利5,121,520公开了一种牙刷，该牙刷具有两个相同的并排的牙刷头，这两个牙刷头以一个预定的角度固定在牙刷柄上。通过胶粘，也就是粘合剂粘合，或者通过熔接，也就是将头/柄的连接表面加热到一种软化的热塑性塑料状态，再使它们紧密接触，并保持该接触，从而在冷却时形成一个接头的方法，将这两个牙刷头连接到柄上。熔接与胶粘的方法不同，不需要表面预加工，也不需要长的凝固时间；然而，对于熔接而言，除非对头/柄的两个连接表面均进行精确的加热，否则就可能造成塑料牙刷材料质量的降低、塑料的过度软化和变形，以及过度熔化。
在牙刷制造技术中，需要在其大量生产的可接受的时间间隔内，将不同材料预制成的牙刷头和柄接合在一起，而不会有任何质量下降、变形、过度熔化或其它消费者不可接受的影响的一种方式，这些不同的材料具有不同的物理特性和/或颜色。
发明概述
本发明包括一种方法，该方法通过使用两种特定波长范围的激光束连接预制的牙刷头和柄组件；其中，这些激光束穿透典型的热塑性牙刷材料以加热内部的接头，将接头熔接到一起，而不会被该被穿透的材料大量吸收和加热该被穿透的材料。
这种特定波长范围的激光穿过结构的典型的热塑性牙刷材料传输，而不被吸收，在下文被称作“窗口效应”，这种传输对于本发明的牙刷组件的内部熔接是必需的。该窗口效应可由每种这样的特定的热塑性塑料的光谱示出。每种热塑性塑料的光谱是一定范围的波长(例如特定激光器的波长)穿过热塑性塑料的传输能力的度量。The Atlas ofPolymer and Plastic Analysis，Vol.l，Polymers：Structures andSpectra，2nd Edition(“聚合物图谱集和塑性分析”，卷1，聚合物：结构和光谱，第二版)，由Dieter O.Hummel所著，Carl Hanser出版社出版，德国，1982，(以下简称“图谱集”)，包括这样的光谱：对于聚合物而言，波长范围从红外线底限的2.5微米到进入微波范围的50微米。如“图谱集”所示，对于典型的聚丙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的牙刷热塑性塑料而言，其穿透和吸收的主要波段如下表1中所示。
             表1聚丙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的穿透/吸收波长
    材料     穿透波段(微米)     吸收波段(微米) 具有此波长的可适用激光器(微米)
聚丙烯1 2.5到3.22  N/A
 3.22到4.0  N/A
 4.0到6.45  CO，5到6
 6.45和6.45以上  CO2，10.6
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯2 2.5到3.125  N/A
 3.125到3.6  N/A
 3.6到6.0  CO，5到6
 5和5以上  CO2，10.6
注：1.“图谱集”，第6页，光谱16，全同立构聚丙烯。
2.“图谱集”，第232页，光谱694。
为了便于比较，在表1中同样示出了具有特定光谱范围内的波长的激光器，在表1所示的波长范围内这些激光器或者传输能量或者吸收能量。因此，根据本发明，从表1所示的数据可以看出，一个CO激光器能够将能量穿过这种热塑性塑料传输至该塑料中的一个内部熔接部分上，而CO2激光器则不行。
意外地发现有两种特定的波长范围可用来提供这种“窗口效应”，这两种波长范围包括：近红外线范围内的大约在0.7到2.0微米的波长和红外线(IR)光谱范围内的大约在4.0到6.0微米的波长。该方法包括：选择一个第一热塑性塑料牙刷组件，其不含有任何例如一种颜料或染料的能够吸收窗口效应的波长的材料，而选择另一个热塑性塑料牙刷组件，其含有一种例如一种颜料或染料的能够吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的激光能的材料；对齐这两个组件，使之成一种紧密抵靠的关系，以形成一个接头；将该接头暴露于一个激光器下，该激光器生成这样的波长激光束，其穿透第一热塑性塑料组件，从而熔化含有激光吸收材料的组件在接头处的表面层；由于第一组件的抵靠表面层同时发生熔化，从而当被熔化的两个表面层冷却时，在这两个组件之间就形成了一个熔接头。
在本发明的方法的一个替代实施例中，紧靠的牙刷头和柄这两个组件均不含有任何能够吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的激光能的材料。在该实施例中，人们惊奇地发现，在将这两个组件暴露于一种具有大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米的波长的激光束下以前，将一种相对很少量的吸收上述波长的材料涂敷在这两个组件当中的一个组件的整个紧靠的表面上时，只需将这两个组件在这种激光束下暴露很短的时间，就能将两个组件熔接在一起。这种相对很少量的吸收上述波长的材料的使用在这两个组件中提供了一个接头，其中该接头不容易被消费者注意。
附图简述
图1是一个纵向透视图，表示了本发明的一个沿其纵轴A-A的牙刷。
图2是图1中一个部分的放大视图，详细表示了牙刷头和柄之间的楔面接头；其中，该楔面接头相对于纵轴A-A呈大约30度的角度。
发明详述
下面参见图1，一个牙刷10的透视图，该牙刷10由本发明的方法制造而成，具有一个纵轴A-A，其中，牙刷10具有一个牙刷头14，该牙刷头14从一个颈部16延伸出来，而该颈部16又从一个柄18延伸出来。根据本发明，该牙刷头14通过接头20被连接到柄18上，在本文中，该接头20是指一个楔面接头，该接头位于颈部16中。如图2所示，图2是图1中的一个部分即颈部16的放大视图，楔面接头20通过配合斜切的或切去一角的两端部形成，即一个端部在牙刷头14上，另一个端部在柄18上。该斜切角或楔面角22对牙刷纵轴A-A呈15到70度的角度。优选该楔面角为15到30度，以便使楔面接头20的表面积最大，从而增加有效熔接表面积，以提供加强的连接强度，并减少纵轴的横向应力集中，该应力集中可能会对牙刷颈部16的要求的柔性产生不良影响。
一个平的刷毛毛束结构24，如图所示，从牙刷头14延伸出来；然而，本发明并不局限于任何特殊的刷毛毛束结构。此外，尽管在将牙刷头14连接到柄18上之前，可将刷毛本身插入牙刷头14中；但是，最好还是在将牙刷头连接到柄上之后再插入刷毛，以便于在激光熔接过程中容易操作，并将牙刷头14定位和夹持在与柄18紧密抵靠的位置上。
本发明包括预制热塑性塑料牙刷头14和柄18，在该两个组件中，一个组件不含任何例如一种颜料或染料的能够吸收近红外线范围内大约在0.7到大约2.0微米或者红外线波长范围内大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的激光能的材料。通过定位楔面接头表面20将这些组件粘结在一起，并使用传统方式使其粘结成一种牢固的紧密贴靠的关系，在此之后将该接头置于一束激光束中，暴露约大约1秒或更短的时间，该激光束穿过不含任何吸收这种激光的材料的组件；该激光束具有大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米的波长。此外，激光束的功率应该为大约50到大约400瓦，优选为大约90到大约250瓦，最优选为大约95到大约120瓦。该激光束的能量优选以一系列短脉冲的形式被传递，该脉冲的脉宽大约在0.5到1.5毫秒、频率为每秒大约在50到150脉冲(Hz)。每一脉冲中含有的能量可以是大约0.5到大约3焦耳，也可以根据被熔接的具体的热塑性塑料来改变；例如，当熔接聚丙烯时，就最好使用大约1毫秒、大约100Hz的脉冲。此外，在本文所定义的限制范围内，每一脉冲含有的能量可与熔接表面在激光中的暴露时间成反比地改变；用于最小化熔接时间间隔，同时避免了过多的能量，过多的能量将降低被熔接的热塑性塑料的质量，并且可能导致接头过度软化，同样也可以引起使用者不可接受的熔化。
与一种穿过熔接区域的扫描模式不同，最好以一个固定的、静态熔接模式进行激光操作；以产生均匀的热量、缩短生产时间，并简化整个生产系统。因此，考虑到由于楔面接头的角度而增加的面积，激光束优选应该覆盖整个熔接带，对于一个直径大约为5mm的典型的牙刷颈部而言，该熔接带的面积小于1cm2。
如上所述，人们已经发现，特定的激光，即具有近红外线范围内的大约在0.7到2.0微米的或者红外线波长范围内的大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的激光，能穿透典型的热塑性塑料牙刷的材料，而不会被该材料大量吸收或加热该材料。这种波长的激光束将被包含在牙刷热塑性塑料中的任何一种吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或者大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的材料吸收，该吸收材料包括传统的颜料或染料，特别是炭黑。用于本发明的发射这种近红外线波长激光束的激光器包括固态掺杂有钕的钇铝石榴石激光器(下文简称YAG激光器)、铒玻璃和半导体铝砷化镓二极管激光器(下文简称二极管激光器)。用于本发明的发射这种红外线波长激光束的激光器包括一氧化碳(CO)激光器，该激光器发射波长大约为5到大约6微米的激光。
在本发明中特别有用的激光器是YAG激光器和二极管激光器，YAG激光器发射波长大约为1.06微米的激光，而二极管激光器发射的激光的波长范围为大约0.8到大约0.95微米。这种二极管激光器可从在Danbury，CT 10810-7589的Hughes Danbury Optical Systems购得，或在St.Charles，MO 63301的Industrial Microphotonics购得。这种YAG激光器可从在Livonia，MI 48152-1010的Lumonics公司工业产品部购得，其商品牌号为JK700。
由于激态原子激光器易于使热聚合物交联，并增加热聚合物的脆度，所以不被推荐用于本发明，该激态原子激光器具有刚刚低于近红外线范围的波长，大约在0.193到0.351微米。这种交联造成的老化将引起变形阻力的增加，影响牙刷在刷牙过程中弯曲的能力，并可能导致牙刷在使用过程中断裂。
用于本发明牙刷结构的典型热塑性材料传输具有大约在0.7到2.0微米和/或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的激光能，而不会从中吸收大量的能量；这种典型热塑性材料包括：具有大约100,000到大约350,000psi(磅/平方英寸)的抗弯模量的普通刚性热塑性塑料，该材料不含有吸收这种波长能量的异体材料。
牙刷头14优选由各种刚性较低的热塑性材料模塑而成，以减少与使用者的过大刷牙压力有关的齿龈伤害，该材料具有大约100,000到大约200,000psi的抗弯模量。一种优选的刚性较低的聚丙烯可从Huntsman公司购得，该公司在Longview，德克萨斯州，75603，商品牌号为P5M5K-047，该材料具有大约170,000psi的抗弯模量。另一种用于该牙刷头14的刚性较低的、更柔软的材料包括热塑性弹性体(TPE)、热塑性聚氨脂(TPU)和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)。一种优选的基本上为纯色的TPE可从Teknor Apex公司购得，该公司在Pawtucket，Phode Island，02861，销售的商品牌号为96-E0807A-03NT WAT CLR。
牙刷柄18优选由各种柔韧的、弹性的材料模塑而成，该材料比选择用于牙刷头14的材料具有更高的刚性。一种合适的聚丙烯可从Huntsman公司购得，该公司在Longview，德克萨斯州，75603，商品牌号为Huntsman聚丙烯P4G3Z-039，这种聚丙烯具有用ASTM(美国材料试验标准)测试方法D790测得的大约216,000psi的抗弯模量。另一种合适的聚丙烯可从Amomo聚合物有限公司购得，该公司在Alpharetta，乔治亚州30202-3914，商品牌号为7635，这种聚丙烯具有大约275,000psi的抗弯模量。这种抗弯模量大约为216,000到275,000psi的牙刷柄将具有增强的刚性，从而允许使用者在刷牙过程中能够更好地控制和操纵牙刷头的位置。
另一种“透光的”热塑性塑料或者被用在牙刷头14中，或者被用在柄18中，这种热塑性塑料包括：纯色的聚酯，例如，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯；或者一种共聚酯，例如，酸改性聚亚环己基对苯二甲酸二甲酯(PCTA)；或者苯乙烯丙烯腈(SAN)；丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)；聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)；或者纤维素塑料，例如，醋酸丙酸纤维素(CAP)。传输上述这种波长激光能的“透光的”热塑性塑料是纯色的或自然色的，或者可以含有对于这种波长也是“透光的”的颜料或染料，例如粉红色、绿色或半透光的红色。
在本发明的一个替代实施例中，如上所述，预制的热塑性塑料牙刷头14和柄18，这两个被熔接的组件均不含有任何能够吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的激光能的材料；然而，一层或一涂层能够吸收这种波长的激光能的材料被穿过楔面接头20涂敷在两个组件中的一个上；这样，具有大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的激光束将穿透该热塑性塑料，并被该涂层吸收，使该涂层的温度升高，通过传导和辐射加热楔面接头20的紧靠表面，使该表面熔化，形成一个熔接头。人们已经发现，在涂敷吸收的激光涂层之前，用非常细的砂纸，例如，1200粒度，打光楔面接头20的紧靠表面将使两接头具有一个更干净的外观。此外，人们还发现，形成该涂层的吸收激光的材料的量少得令人吃惊，约0.5到3.0微克的炭黑，优选为大约1.5到2.0微克的炭黑，这些炭黑优选是悬浮在一种溶剂，例如甲醇或乙酸乙酯中。在熔接过程完成之后，如此少量的炭黑将不容易被消费者明显察觉。用于本发明的一种特定的炭黑可从俄亥俄州44005的Plasticolors of Ashtabula公司购得，商品牌号为Arilux NewMoon炭黑。
在本发明的方法中，在熔接过程中，优选使用一个夹具将头14和柄18夹持在一起以牢固地保持楔面接头20的两个表面相互对齐和紧密接触。这种夹具优选具有至少一个被暴露的侧面，该侧面由一种可透过大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长激光能的材料，例如PFA特氟隆制成；这样，在熔接过程中，各牙刷组件能够被牢固地固定在各个侧面上，而激光束进入牙刷组件，以最小的能量损失穿过该暴露的“透光”侧面。夹具施加的用于对齐和保持楔面接头20两个表面紧密接触的压力范围为大约40到大约70kPa。
为了缩短将牙刷头14熔接到柄18上的时间间隔，并得到较好的过程控制；在本发明的激光熔接过程中，固定头14和柄18的夹具可以被加热。这种加热有助于楔面接头20具有一个光滑的表面抛光，即最小化其附近的任何熔化。为了便于这种加热，夹具不是在材料可透过大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长激光能的那一侧，可由易于导热的、同时具有良好尺寸稳定性的金属制成。这种金属优选是钢，钢可以通过传统的电加热装置被加热。夹具的温度可以在室温到大约95摄氏度之间变化，这取决于被熔接在一起的牙刷头14和柄18的具体的热塑性材料。对于聚丙烯牙刷头和柄而言，温度优选为大约85到大约95摄氏度；而对于聚酯牙刷头和柄而言，根据具体的聚酯，温度范围优选为在室温到大约60摄氏度之间变化。
牙刷头14和柄18，即本发明的两个组件，能够通过传统的注塑技术预制，该技术在本领域中是众所周知的。例如，根据本发明，牙刷头14和柄18均能够在单一步骤中注塑成型。
在牙刷头被连接到柄上之前，或者在牙刷头被连接到柄上之后，通过使用典型的钩环固定技术，或者通过使用更现代的，如美国专利4,635,313、4,637,660、4,954,305、5,045,267、5,609,890、5,390,984、5,533,791和5,823,633中所公开的非钩环固定技术，可将牙刷毛嵌入牙刷头14中。这种非钩环固定技术涉及这些过程，其中，通过同时加热牙刷头14和刷毛毛束24，然后在一个熔接过程中将牙刷头14和刷毛毛束24结合在一起，该刷毛束24便被熔接在牙刷头14上了；或者，在另一种非钩环固定技术过程中，其中，在注入牙刷材料之前，先将刷毛毛束24的端部预置在注塑模中，随后围绕刷毛毛束24的端部注入牙刷材料，从而将刷毛毛束24锁定在牙刷头14中适当的位置上。

Claims (22)

1.一种熔接一个预制热塑性塑料牙刷头和一个预制热塑性塑料牙刷柄的方法，该方法包括：(a)选择一种牙刷头，该牙刷头不含有任何能够吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的能量的材料；(b)选择一种牙刷柄，该牙刷柄含有一种能够吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的能量的材料；(c)对齐头和柄的各自端表面，使之彼此紧密接触，以形成一个接头；(d)将该接头暴露于波长为大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米的激光束中，该激光束能够穿透牙刷头并接触该接头；从而该激光束的能量被牙刷柄位于接头的表面上的可吸收能量的材料吸收，导致牙刷头和柄在该接头附近的表面熔化并熔接在一起。
2.一种熔接一个预制热塑性塑料牙刷头和一个预制的热塑性塑料牙刷柄的方法，该方法包括：(a)选择一种牙刷柄，该牙刷柄不含有任何能够吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的能量的材料；(b)选择一种牙刷头，该牙刷头含有一种能够吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的能量的材料；(c)对齐头和柄的各自端表面，使之彼此紧密接触，以形成一个接头；(d)将该接头暴露于波长为大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米的激光束中，该激光束能够穿透牙刷头并接触该接头；从而该激光束的能量被牙刷头位于接头的表面上的可吸收能量的材料吸收，导致牙刷头和柄在该接头附近的表面熔化并熔接在一起。
3.一种熔接一个预制热塑性塑料牙刷头和一个预制热塑性塑料牙刷柄的方法，该方法包括：(a)同时选择一种牙刷头和柄，该牙刷头和柄均不含有任何能够吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或从大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的能量的材料；(b)在待连接的头和柄的各自端表面当中的一个端表面上涂敷一层吸收能量的材料，该材料吸收大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米波长的能量；(c)对齐头和柄的各自端表面，使之彼此紧密接触，以形成一个接头；(d)将该接头暴露于波长为大约在0.7到2.0微米或大约在4.0到6.0微米的激光束中，该激光束能够穿透头或柄并接触该涂层；(e)从而该激光束的能量被该涂层中的吸收能量材料吸收，导致牙刷头和柄在该接头附近的表面熔化并熔接在一起。
4.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在头和柄之间形成的接头相对于牙刷的纵轴斜切成一个70度到15度的楔角。
5.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在头和柄之间形成的接头相对于牙刷的纵轴斜切成一个30度到15度的楔角。
6.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束的输出功率为大约50到大约400瓦。
7.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束的输出功率为大约90到大约250瓦。
8.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，激光束的输出功率为大约95到大约120瓦。
9.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，以覆盖被熔接的接头的整个区域的静态熔接模式操作激光束。
10.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该激光器是一个掺杂有钕的钇铝石榴石激光器。
11.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该激光器是一个半导体铝砷化镓二极管激光器。
12.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该激光器是一个CO激光器。
13.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在预制的头和柄之间形成的接头在涂敷涂层之前被打光。
14.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，涂层中吸收能量材料的量为大约0.5到大约3.0微克。
15.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，吸收能量材料是一种颜料或染料。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，吸收能量材料是炭黑。
17.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，涂层中吸收能量材料被悬浮在一种溶剂中。
18.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，被粘结在一起的头和柄被夹持在一个加热的夹具中。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，该夹具被加热到大约在室温到95摄氏度之间的一个温度。
20.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，头和柄具有不同的材料，这些不同的材料具有不同的抗弯模量。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，头的抗弯模量大约为100,000到200,000psi，柄的抗弯模量大约为200,000到350,000psi。
22.如权利要求1、2或3中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，头和柄具有不同的颜色。
CN00812483A 1999-07-12 2000-07-10 牙刷头和柄的激光连接 Pending CN1379710A (zh)

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