CN1379362A - 用于自动文档验证的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于自动文档验证的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1379362A
CN1379362A CN02102796A CN02102796A CN1379362A CN 1379362 A CN1379362 A CN 1379362A CN 02102796 A CN02102796 A CN 02102796A CN 02102796 A CN02102796 A CN 02102796A CN 1379362 A CN1379362 A CN 1379362A
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document
image
printer
printed
fingerprint
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J·L·布尔奎斯特
D·波克霍尔德特
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HP Inc
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Abstract

一种验证打印文档的系统及方法。通常实现该系统以自动比较第一和第二图像并提供有关输出。系统包括用于提供文档第一电子图像的计算机(14)。打印机(17)连到计算机(14)并被驱动打印文档。随后扫描文档以提供该文档第二电子图像。将扫描图像与原始图像比较(20)以提供对打印输出的验证。对基于文本的文档,可用传统OCR软件将第一和第二图像转换为文本以便比较。另外,提供一种装置来检测文件表征,由此对要打印的文档数量加以限制。如文档被限制,则禁止超出限制的成功打印输出。另外,包含第二装置以允许指纹打印在限制文档上。扫描时,指纹提供打印机(17)和扫描仪(19)可操作性的指示。如未检测到指纹,则禁用打印机(17)。

Description

用于自动文档验证的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制作文档的系统和方法，例如打印机、扫描仪以及其它这样的系统。具体地说，本发明涉及用于验证准确及可靠的文档制作的系统和方法。
背景技术
对于许多应用，打印文档的准确验证是必需的。目前，一般通过直观地检察文档用手工来执行验证。对于某些应用，需要用于实现文档验证的自动系统。一种这样的应用就是“付款打印”应用。
以前，如果要购买邮票、书籍、某一事项的票券(具有内在价值的任何种类的硬拷贝输出)，通常必须去商店购买物品。现在，则可以通过因特网订购所述物品，销售商则将该物品发送到购买者的地址。将来，人们可能希望能够在家中/办公室打印这些有价文档，以便简化购买过程。销售商可能希望允许这种销售选择，并降低与其产品的销售、购买有关的成本和劳动强度。
如果是这样，销售商可能希望有一种方法来确保购买者不会打印产品的多个拷贝。顾客将需要一种方法来确保打印机顺利地打印所购物品，使其达到预期目的。例如，对所购地图的模糊不清的打印输出不能满足顾客的要求，可是他们被制止打印另一份拷贝。对于新的小说、邮票或歌剧票也有同样的情况。
另一种可能的应用是文档扫描的应用。目前，许多文档被扫描以使相关的存储费用降到最低。每个扫描图像应该与原文档比较用于验证。由于每项作业中通常扫描大量的文档，所以如果是手工执行每个文档的验证过程的话，则通常是极为繁重、费时且昂贵。
因此，技术上需要一种用于自动文档验证的系统和方法。具体地说，技术上需要一种用于自动验证打印及扫描文档的系统和方法。
发明内容
本发明的用于验证打印文档的系统和方法针对于上述技术上的需要。通常实现该系统来自动比较第一和第二图像并提供有关输出。
在一个说明性实施例中，本发明的系统包括用于提供文档的第一电子图像的计算机。该图像可以通过诸如因特网的网络来提供。打印机连接到计算机并被驱动打印文档。然后文档被扫描以提供文档的第二电子图像。扫描图像则与原始图像进行比较，以便提供打印输出的验证。
对于基于文本的文档，可以使用传统的光学字符识别软件来把第一和第二图像转换成文本，以利于比较。
在本示教的改进中，提供一种装置(mechanism)来检测文件表征(file characterization)，由此对要被打印的文档的数量加以限制。如果文档被限制，则禁止超出限制的成功打印输出。
作为进一步改进，包含第二装置以允许在限制文档上打印指纹。扫描时，指纹提供打印机和扫描仪可操作性的指示。如果没有检测到指纹，则打印机被禁用。所述装置在“付款打印”应用中是有用的，它阻止禁用扫描仪并从而使打印机输出未授权打印输出的欺骗行为。
附图说明
图1是方框图，说明本发明的验证系统的说明性实现。
图2是流程图，说明本发明的验证方法。
图3是本发明的验证系统和方法采用的说明性指纹的视图。
具体实施方式
虽然在这里参考特定的说明性实施例对本发明进行说明，但应当知道，本发明并不限于此。本领域的普通技术人员及阅读本文所提供的示教的人员将认识到其范围内的其它修改、应用、实施例以及本发明能够有效运用的其它领域。
图1是说明本发明的验证系统的说明性实现的方框图。系统10适合接收来自提供者的电子文档12。文档提供第一图像，并可以通过诸如因特网的网络被接收。实际上，文档可以是限制(如“付款打印”)文档，诸如邮票、某一事项的票券、书籍或者其它任何有价文档。也就是说，通过因特网或以任何其它形式远程购买的材料可以进行发送，同时带有附于该文件的专用“打印一次及放弃/禁用”命令。
在任何情况下，图像12由计算机14来接收。计算机14可以是网络中的服务器或客户机、或独立的个人计算机。图像12通过打印缓冲器16传送给打印机/扫描仪18。缓冲器16可以在打印机/扫描仪18的个人计算机14中实现。
在最佳模式中，打印机/扫描仪18是能够进行打印和扫描两种操作的多功能设备。按照本示教，在文档被打印之后，对于需要进行验证的文档，通过手工或机械地重新插入、或者通过在退出打印机17后通过扫描仪19，媒体被扫描。(也可以通过给标准打印机添加便宜的扫描设备(内部或外部)来实现本示教。)对文档的扫描生成其第二电子图像。
下面更详细的进行说明，按照本示教，软件20最好是驻留在打印机/扫描仪18的计算机14中，它比较第一和第二电子图像，以便验证打印机实际以某一打印质量水准打印了所需文档以致输出达到预期目的。如果两者在可接受的误差窗中相互关联，则购买的文件被删除，以防止多次打印。如果两者相互不关联，则打印机将假定某种误差，通知打印机用户并允许重新打印文档。一旦最终顺利打印文档，购买的文件就被自动删除。
图2是说明本发明的验证方法的流程图。在最佳模式中，该方法以软件20来实现。在步骤24，用户购买文档。在最佳模式中，通过网络传送文档，并且在步骤26，将文档储存在计算机26中(图1)。本领域的技术人员知道，本示教不限制于所述的文档传送方式。文档可以在本地产生，或者通过诸如CD ROM、软盘、硬盘、内存卡等的存储媒体来提供。
在步骤28，当用户选择打印文档时，软件20进行检查以便确定该文档是否被限制(步骤30)。如果文档未被限制，则在步骤34进行打印。但是，如果文档被限制，则在步骤32，指纹被添加给文档文件，以便允许后打印比较。指纹可以是一个n×m行与列的随机矩阵，诸如图3所示。
图3是本发明的验证系统和方法采用的说明性指纹的视图。注意，在指纹33中，几个随机选择的像素37是接通的(turned on)，而剩下的几个像素39是断开的(off)。
再来看图2，在步骤34，如果文档被限制，则在步骤38，文档被发送给扫描仪19(图1)。在步骤39，作为扫描的结果，建立第二电子图像。当由第一图像获得了第二图像时，本系统及方法实现对打印第一图像的文档的打印质量的比较。
按照本示教，在步骤40，比较第一和第二图像。对于基于文本的文档，可以通过对两个图像执行光学字符识别(OCR)及比较作为结果的文本文件来实现比较。OCR软件在技术上是众所周知的，是用于比较两个文本文件的软件。但是，在图像不是基于文本的情况下，必须使用更为复杂的图像比较软件。为此，人们可以采用广泛地用于诸如导航、目标识别等的其它应用中的图像处理技术。本示教不限于所述比较图像的方式。
再来看图2，如果，在步骤40，未发现所述图像是相同的(在可变用户定义阈值内)，则在步骤22，过程从步骤28开始重复。如果发现所述两个图像是在阈值范围内进行比较，则在步骤42，从存储器中删除第一图像文件，或者改变第一图像文件，以便防止重新打印。扫描比较可以仅对一页中总的像素进行总计，并确定输出总计是否在原始文件的某个容许范围内。这种比较可以更为准确并集中在输出的某些区域，以便确保输出中的图案符合输入文件中的图案。这种方法甚至可用作打印质量检测器。
为了简化大作业的验证过程，打印机可以仅对第一页和最后一页的输出进行验证。这将限制要扫描和处理的页数。
这样，参考特定应用的特定实施例对本发明进行了说明。本领域的普通技术人员及阅读本示教的人员将认识到其范围内的其它修改、应用及实施例。例如，本示教可以用来验证电子扫描及储存的文档的准确性。实际上，打印步骤被消除。在扫描并传送文档之后，可以进行随后扫描并自动比较图像，以便确定已经适当扫描了每一份文档。
此外，扫描仪还可以用来确保输入传真的接收和打印。目前，打印机制造商在存储器中存储大量的作业来防止出现劣质打印的可能性。这样，如果打印输出不可接受，用户则可以重新调用作业。对用于所述目的的扫描仪的使用将会极大地减少打印机上所需的存储量，因之也降低了打印机的成本。
本示教也可应用于保密打印的领域内。在将文档传送给保密输出箱/邮箱之前，打印机可以使用板上扫描仪来检查输出。如果确定打印失败，则打印机会给用户发出告警，然后清除输出。
因此，后附权利要求书旨在涵盖本发明范围内的各种这样的应用、修改及实施例。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于验证文档的系统(10)，其特征在于：
第一装置(mechanism)(16)，用于提供文档的第一电子图像；
第二装置(18)，用于提供文档的第二电子图像；以及
第三装置(20)，用于比较所述第一和第二电子图像并对此作出响应来提供输出。
2.如权利要求1所述的发明，其特征在于所述第二图像是从所述第一图像得到的。
3.如权利要求1所述的发明，其特征在于所述第二装置(18)包括扫描仪(19)。
4.如权利要求3所述的发明，其特征在于所述第二装置(18)包括打印机(17)。
5.如权利要求4所述的发明，其特征在于安装所述扫描仪(19)来扫描由所述打印机(17)打印的文档，以便提供所述第二图像。
6.如权利要求1所述的发明，其特征在于所述第三装置(20)包括用于将所述第一图像转换为文本的装置。
7.如权利要求6所述的发明，其特征在于所述第三装置(20)包括用于将所述第二图像转换为文本的装置。
8.如权利要求7所述的发明，其特征在于所述第三装置(20)包括用于将表示所述第一图像的所述文本与表示所述第二图像的所述文本进行比较的装置。
CN02102796A 2001-04-05 2002-02-05 用于自动文档验证的系统和方法 Pending CN1379362A (zh)

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