CN1371665A - 一种在表面制造微型下凹口的方法,由此制备的外科植入物以及在骨骼上固定植入物的方法 - Google Patents
一种在表面制造微型下凹口的方法,由此制备的外科植入物以及在骨骼上固定植入物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1371665A CN1371665A CN02103283A CN02103283A CN1371665A CN 1371665 A CN1371665 A CN 1371665A CN 02103283 A CN02103283 A CN 02103283A CN 02103283 A CN02103283 A CN 02103283A CN 1371665 A CN1371665 A CN 1371665A
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- bone
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- implant
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Abstract
在物体表面制作大量微型下凹口的方法,该物体在表面下具有比在其表面更大的不规则碎片区域。该方法包括在选定的物体表面涂敷保护层,去除选定区域的保护层,以暴露出下面的确定好样式的物体表面部分,在暴露的表面部分施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以侵蚀物体的暴露部分并使腐蚀剂能够侵蚀到保留的保护层下面的部分,接着去除剩余的保护层以得到具有大量下凹口的暴露表面,即得到具有设计好样式的凹口。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求以申请日为2001.01.25，序列号为60/264084的美国临时专利申请，以及申请日为2001.08.03，序列号为60/309923的美国临时专利申请作为优先权。
发明背景
1.本发明的技术领域
本发明涉及制造医用和工业用的有织纹表面，更具体地说涉及制造表面上的微型下凹口的方法，由此制备的外科植入物，以及将植入物与骨固定的方法。
2.现有技术的描述
众所周知，在外科植入物上使用有织纹表面可提高植入物与骨的粘合性，并由此使植入物相对于骨的位置固定。例如，人造的髋部，由与患者股骨相固定的大腿骨部件和与患者髋关节相固定的髋关节部件组成，大腿骨部件中包括的人造杆即有典型的有织纹表面，髋关节部件中包括的髋臼杯也有典型的有织纹表面，有织纹表面可以促进骨的生长。
使用粗糙的、有织纹的骨啮合表面以确保外科植入物的稳定定位，这样的愿望已经在Ian Leonard的1994.03.29公开的美国专利5298115，Samuel G Steinemann的1995.10.10公开的美国专利5456723，Keith D Beaty的1997.02.18公开的美国专利5603338，Bruce A Banks的1998.12.29公开的美国专利5853561，以及Roland Baege等人的1999.10.12公开的美国专利5965006中有所认识。
要制备那样的有织纹表面，一种已知的方法是将大量的钛球真空熔融到植入物的基准面上。该方法在Robert V.Kenna的1989.05.30公开的美国专利4834756已经描述。在Kenneth R.Sump的1987.02.24公开的美国专利4644942中描述了一个相似的过程，一种可提取的组分和钛球一起浓缩作为外壳，熔融后加到植入物的基准面上，可提取的组分则随后提取。在对未处理的金属进行改进时，应用这种表面的植入器件的使用寿命便成了问题。它是否真的具有粘着力值得怀疑。确信这些球所形成的空间不足以长期营养生长的组织和/或骨。而且，由于熔融过程严重影响到植入物材料的冶金学特性，同时由于难以从熔融球的网状面中清除人造污染物如切削油，使得用这种方式的修复治疗失败。更进一步说，可以精确测定的最初的基准面因使用球外壳覆盖而消失。
通过化学研磨和/或光化学腐蚀技术获得有孔的金属薄片或薄板已经在Hans-Joachim Heinrich等人的1967.12.19公开的美国专利3359192，Anthony J.Pellegrino等人的1997.02.25公开的美国专利5606589，Anthony J.Pellegrino等人的1998.09.29公开的美国专利5814235中进行了描述。发现其中所描述的方法缺乏对粗糙度或织构化的程度和广度的精确控制。
在DonaldJ.Wagner等人的1993.11.02公开的美国专利5258098，Donald J.Wagner等人的1996.04.16公开的美国专利5507815，Donald J.Wagner等人的2001.02.27公开的美国专利6193762中描述了化学和电化学腐蚀方法，这样的方法用于与随机喷涂型保护层结合以形成抗侵蚀的散点状样式。重复侵蚀和去除保护层之后，复杂的样式便形成了。尽管有复杂的外观，但这样的样式难以在植入物间预定和重现，并缺少设计好的基准点。
因此，仍需要一种方法来制备用于与邻近物体如骨骼或其它生长物体相结合的可设计的有织纹表面。
发明概述
所以，本发明的目的是提供一种制备适于与邻近物体相结合的带织纹表面的方法。
本发明的进一步目的是提供一种在物体表面制造微型下凹口的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可按预先设计的样式制造上述凹口的方法，该样式是可以预定和测量的，并且该方法可以按任意选定的表面数量复制和精确地重复。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制造外科植入器件的方法，其中器件的材料在制造过程中能够保持其冶金学的特性。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制造外科植入物的有织纹表面的方法，织纹表面可以促进组织和/或骨的生长，使植入物与组织和/或骨安全地结合。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制造包含下凹口和相互连通凹口的这种表面的方法，这样的凹口能够促进并利于骨的生长并通过植入物与骨的“刮擦配合”，使骨表面位置稳固，并促使植入物与骨之间的结合过程。这种“刮擦配合”是通过在压合移植过程中植入物有织纹的表面刮擦植入部位的骨来完成的，这样在有织纹表面的空隙中形成自体移植的骨。
本发明的另一目的是提供将外科植入物与骨结合的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供植入物与骨结合过程中骨通过颗粒骨质获取和巩固外科植入物的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供制备外科植入物的方法，此植入物与骨植入部位表现出精确的配合，可以减少骨结合部位与植入物之间微小的运动。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种外科植入物，该植入物在其骨结合面上具有锋利边缘的微型下凹口。
考虑到本发明的以上及其它目的，本发明的特征是提供一种制备物体表面有大量微型下凹口的方法，由此上述物体在其表面下比在其表面上具有更大的不规则区域，该方法包括如下步骤：在基本上整个物体表面涂敷一层保护层，在选定部位去除保护层暴露出预先选定的可重复样式的物体表面部位，在暴露的下表面部位使用腐蚀剂充分侵蚀暴露的表面部位，使腐蚀剂侵蚀到保护层下面保留的部位，得到大量的下凹口，接着，去除剩余的保护层部分，获得带有大量下凹口和包含相互连通凹口的暴露状态的物体表面，即得到设计好样式的凹口。
根据本发明进一步的特征，提供一种在物体表面制造选定样式的大量微型下凹口的方法，该选定样式可以在任意数量的表面重复制造。该方法包括以下步骤：在基本上整个选定的物体表面涂敷一层保护层。用计算机控制的激光切除去除选定区域的保护层以暴露物体表面预定样式的部位。接着在暴露的下表面部位使用腐蚀剂充分侵蚀暴露的表面部位，使腐蚀剂侵蚀到保护层的下面保留的部分，得到大量的下凹口，然后将剩余的保护层去除，得到具有大量下凹口的暴露状态的选定表面。
根据本发明的进一步的特征，提供一种制备外科植入物的方法，该植入物可通过植入物与骨的结合刺激骨的生长。该方法包括以下步骤：提供一种硬质物体，在基本上整个物体的基准面上涂敷一层保护层，去除选定区域的保护层部分，以暴露出物体表面的下面部分，在暴露的下表面部位施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以侵蚀暴露的表面部分并使腐蚀剂能够侵蚀到保护层下面保留的部分，得到大量的在与基准面的交点处有锋利边缘的下凹口，接着去除剩余的保护层部分以得到暴露状态的基准面，该基准面具有用于从骨上刮擦微粒的锋利边缘，以及具有用于获取并保留骨微粒以刺激骨生长的凹口。
根据本发明的进一步的特征，提供一种生产外科植入物有织纹表面的方法。该方法包括如下步骤：在基本上整个植入物的基准面上涂敷一层保护层，去除选定区域的保护层部分，以暴露出植入物基准面的下面部分，在暴露的基准表面部分施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以侵蚀暴露的表面部分并使腐蚀剂能够腐蚀到保护层下面保留的部分，得到大量的在与基准面的交点上有锋利边缘的下凹口，接着去除剩余的保护层部分以得到暴露状态的基准面，该基准面具有用于从骨上刮擦微粒的锋利边缘，以及具有用于获取并保留骨微粒以刺激骨生长的凹口。
根据本发明的进一步的特征，提供一种结合外科植入物和骨的方法。该方法包括如下步骤：提供具有基准表面的外科植入物，基准面上有大量的微型凹口及骨研磨结构，使基准面与骨表面压合在一起，使植入物沿骨表面从骨上研磨形成颗粒骨质，而凹口获取并保留这些颗粒骨质以刺激骨的生长。
根据本发明的进一步的特征，提供一种结合外科植入物和骨的方法。该方法包括如下步骤：提供具有基准表面的外科植入物，基准面上有大量的微型下凹口，该植入物在基准表面下具有比在基准表面更大的不规则区域，基准面与凹口的交点形成锋利边缘，使基准面与骨表面压合在一起，使植入物沿骨表面以便锋锐边缘从骨上刮擦形成微粒骨质，而凹口获取并保留这些骨微粒以刺激骨的生长。
根据本发明的进一步的特征，提供一种骨在与植入物的结合过程中通过微粒骨质获取和巩固外科植入物的方法。该方法包括以下步骤，提供具有与骨表面相结合的表面的外科植入物，该植入物包含大量的微型下凹口并在其表面有骨研磨结构，沿着骨移动植入物，该研磨结构便从骨上磨出微粒骨质，这些骨质落入微型凹口中并保留以刺激骨在下凹口中生长。
根据本发明的进一步的特征，提供一种制造外科植入物的方法，其中该植入物具有通常按预定距离彼此隔开的相对的基准面，每个基准面均适于与骨表面相结合，该方法包括以下步骤：提供具有分别与第一和第二骨表面相结合的第一和第二基准面部位的物体，其中基准面部位按预定的距离彼此隔开，该距离基本与第一和第二骨表面之间的距离相等，在每一个基准面上涂敷基本上完整的保护层，去除选定区域的保护层，以暴露出确定好样式的基准面下端部分，在暴露的下基准面部分施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以侵蚀基准面的暴露部分并使腐蚀剂能够腐蚀到保护层下面保留的部分，得到下凹口，接着去除剩余的保护层以得到具有大量下凹口的暴露状态的相对基准面，其中基准面没有从中突出的结构。
根据本发明的进一步的特征，提供一种外科植入物，该植入物包含具有用于与骨邻近结合的基准面的物体，基准面上有大量的微型下凹口，该物体在表面下具有比在其表面更大的不规则碎片区域。基准面和凹口形成的交点成为适合刮擦骨并形成骨微粒的锋利边缘。凹口适于获取并保留这些被此边缘从骨上切下来的骨微粒以刺激骨在凹口中生长。
本发明的以上及其它特征，包括各种新的具体的成分和方法步骤，将参考附图更详细地说明并在权利要求中指明。应该理解本发明所具体描述的方法和物体只是用于举例说明并描述本发明的，但不限定于这些。在各种各样的具体实施方案中可以采用本发明的原则和特征而不背离本发明的范围。
附图说明
用参考附图来显示本发明的示范具体实施方案，这样使新的特征和优点更加显而易见。
附图中：
图1.是具有所希望提供大量微型下凹口的表面的物体的剖面图；
图2.描述前述图1的物体表面上沉积的一层保护材料；
图3.图2的部分保护层被去除后的物体；
图4.类似于图3，表示腐蚀掉物体未被保护层覆盖的部分而得到的下切及相通的凹口；
图5.类似于图4，但剩余的保护层被去除；
图6-10.逐步显示物体与骨由相邻近到相结合的剖面图；和
图11.按图2-10所述方法处理的多个表面的外科植入物的剖面图。
优选实施方案的详细说明
在以上所涉及的现有技术的化学、电化学和光化学研磨的实例中，称之“下切”的效果，被认为有严重的缺点并受到化学研磨工艺的清晰度和精确度的技术限制。下切是在化学腐蚀剂腐蚀保护层或阻滞层以外的金属时发生的。通常，这样的下切限制了需要多道工序的诸如制造电子产品、凹板影印及其它精密部件的良好的清晰度。然而，考虑到下切对用化学方法获得的样式区域的深度扩展作用，下切可以被开发出来并用于制作新的有用的三维立体几何形态的产品，这样所得到的处理层是设计好的下切凹口的样式。在需要的时候可以提供尖的几何形状并比用其它方法可以制作出更大的空间和更大的不规则碎片。而且，它允许保留原始表面的预定区域以提供设计好的可重复的“基准面”，或者是下切表面与另一个相毗邻物体结合的表面。有复杂样式的金属由于其在物体内形成，且没有应用上述熔融金属球，其与被处理物体的金属基材是一样和相近的。
尽管本文所述的方法用来制造有织纹的金属表面，且希望该方法可用于金属物体，且该方法在金属上制造较深的织纹表面，如钛、锆、不锈钢及它们的合金、钽、耐火金属材料、金属碳化物以及钴/铬，但该方法可以容易地用于其它材料的物体上也就可以想到了，这些材料包括含铁及不含铁的金属以及它们的合金，还有陶瓷、塑料和玻璃、以及金属、陶瓷、塑料和玻璃的复合物。
参见图1，首先提供一个用上述提到的材料或相似的材料所制成的物体10。物体10上有基准面12，其上需要提供大量的下凹口。
如图2所示，在基本上整个基准面12上沉积完整的保护材料层14。保护层材料常用丙烯酸，环氧化物，或聚酯保护层，或其它类似物。保护层14可以采用的涂敷方法有浸渍、喷涂或电镀等，保护层的厚度大约是0.001-0.010英寸。图2的涂布后的物体优选在200°F(±10°F)烘烤约15-17分钟。柯达薄膜保护层(Kodak Thin FilmResist)是非常适宜的保护层。在柯达保护层中加入2％重量的色素碳黑，或其它以下所描述的色素。
将适当的色素或染料分散在保护层中可以使保护层容易接受激光。保护层的选择基于激光或任何预先选定的光源的波长，用来获得基准面12上的保护层14的选定样式。在使用红外线激光的情况下，吸收激光能量而产生的局部加热可导致选择性地去除保护层14上的微小部分，这样可暴露出将使用腐蚀剂的物体的金属基准面12。根据以上所说，优选的保护层是加入了2％色素碳黑或其它更适宜接受激光波长的色素的柯达保护层。色素是在高速剪切搅拌机内分散到保护层材料中直到完全分散，或直到达到15-20℃的温度升高。制得的保护层是通过浸渍或喷涂、旋涂、刷涂以及静电沉积等方法涂敷在被处理的表面上。
接着保护层14的选定区域16被去除得到基准面12的暴露部分18。用计算机控制的直接激光切除法可以产生设定好样式的保护层，用这种方式使得获取不规则成形产品、具有复杂曲线或半径的表面的零部件成为可能。这些形状在常规的医用移植部件中经常遇到，如牙齿植入物，髋关节组件以及修复上颌骨的部件等。
为了在可接受激光的保护层上产生选定影象，排列凹口，或不规则样式，应用计算机控制激光直接去除保护层或侵蚀保护层的选定部位是优选的。
在一个优选的方法实施方案中，保护层的去除是用掺有金属钕的波长为1.06微米的YAG激光直接完成的，保护层中所加的碳黑作为激光接收物。所选的样式是具有最佳下切效果的。所选的样式储存为标记图像文件格式(TIFF)或作为图形文件(PLT)，用于指挥激光发射器。
可以使用Electrox，Scriba钕：YAG激光器，样式是以数字文件格式储存的。在激光的作用下，保护层吸收激光束，其下的表面区域18便暴露出来了。
这些用激光切除得到的样式可以预先设定，并能精确地在植入物中复制和重复。尽管发现上述的YAG激光是有效的，但也有CO2激光、二极管泵激光、绿色激光。对于任何能够烧融或是热汽化的激光，都可以运用以上描述的方法在保护层上形成需要样式的暴露表面。
这些样式可以通过使用各种可兼容的文件类型在计算机辅助设计(CAD)系统中完成，或是用图象照片工具得到。这些样式可以通过对图画、印刷品、相片等进行扫描，再转换成可以兼容激光系统的任何形式的文件类型得到。
另外一种制作方法是使用感光材料的保护层，按以上所述方法应用于物体上，或作为干燥的在表面叠层放置的膜来使用。使用适当波长的光源使保护层暴露(典型的波长是280-550纳米)。在暴露过程中保护层部分与表面交联和/或结合(在负性感光胶的情况下)。其它保护层部分在显影过程中溶解或洗去，显影过程使用合适的显影剂，如碳酸钾或碳酸钠、干洗溶剂汽油，这样便暴露出其下的材料。
表面12上的暴露部分18被腐蚀，优选在100°F的喷涂温度和10 lbs/in2的喷涂压力下使用喷涂腐蚀剂，使用硝酸和氢氟酸溶液，用时约20分钟。足够的“新鲜”的腐蚀剂不停侵蚀使侵蚀面18扩大，同时也垂直侵蚀。可以理解不同的腐蚀方法，如超声浸渍和电解腐蚀，能够得到相似的结果。腐蚀可得到下切的凹口20，如图4所示，部分凹口相互连通，如22。采用这种方式腐蚀金属以有意形成下切口的样式，并允许部分凹口连接、结合、或“贯通”形成特定的复杂的网状结构，包括相互连接的样式，其中在表面12上的大多数凹口口径小于物体10中的表面12下的平面距离。凹口20，起码在一部分例子中，可在表面12及附近相互连通，如图4中22所示，提供扩大的表面凹口20a(图5)。
在金属表面12的腐蚀是在一个步骤中完成的，这与以上引用的现有技术所提出的重复腐蚀相反。在这一个步骤的腐蚀过程中，制造出预先设计好大小和深度的非球形的椭圆形凹口，这些尺寸在植入物之间是可重复的。
保护层的剩余部分是在浴温约180F用大约10分钟时间将物体表面放入NU/Phase 23剥离器中去除的。另外，如图5所示，保护层是通过溶剂化作用或乳化作用去除的。如果需要，物体10也可以被轻微再腐蚀。
这里提供一种制作复杂的至少部分相通的样式，或者处理类似三维空间表面以增强植入物表面与生物体的结合，或其它物体间相互结合的能力的方法，植入物表面是通过对表面选择性腐蚀和下切以形成至少部分凹口相通的网络状。该样式的形成是用控制的激光切除抗腐蚀层或保护层，以获得具有复杂或曲面几何形状的有织纹表面。这些样式储存在CAD或其它控制保护层烧融的计算机系统中，是预先设计并用于重复制作的。物体用化学方法腐蚀以获得复杂的样式。这些物体材料的冶金学特性受热时不会改变，并在整个处理过程中基本上保持一致。软组织或骨骼可在制得的表面生长，形成相互贯通的网状物，提供优良的机械粘附力和抗降解性能。进一步说，这些下凹口与原始基准面的交点处的锋利边缘促进骨和植入物表面之间的“刮擦配合”。
在制作外科植入物的有织纹表面时，下切及至少部分相通的凹口的选定样式主要影响外科植入物的表面(图5)。在移植时植入物表面12压合在骨骼B上，(图6)凹口上的锋利边缘24影响对骨骼B的“刮擦配合”，包括刮擦或研磨，骨骼B上的骨微粒b进入椭圆型凹口20内，其中在适当时候骨微粒b刺激骨骼B的生长(图7)并且安全的将骨骼B与植入物锁定在一起(图8)。
这样，刮擦配合安全地将骨骼B与植入物10结合在一起，并防止或最大限度地减小了骨骼B与物体10之间的微小运动。存在这样的运动不利于骨在植入物上的生长，进而不利于骨与植入物的长期结合。
进一步说，骨和植入物之间的刮擦配合获取的骨微粒落入表面凹口中，并被凹口所保留以刺激并促进骨在凹口中的生长。由于凹口是椭圆形的，这比圆形凹口具有更大的下表面碎片区域，因而具有更大的骨材料与植入物的结合面积。
在图11中可以看到，为使骨B与具有多个基准面12(包括相对表面12a和12b)的植入物10结合，基准面的精确定位是最关键的，因为在基准面上植入物材料的任何隆起都会导致植入物不能与骨B结合。在表面下方对表面12进行织构化均不能增加表面。但是，在表面上方对表面12进行织构化能够增大相对骨表面与植入物之间的结合空间并导致植入物的排斥。已知的增加表面的织构化方法缺少精确的控制以确定附加材料突起的偏差。而本发明的方法则有利于准确并精确确定外科植入物基准面的位置。
这样的锐化表面在工业和制造业上的其它应用是显而易见的，包括牙钻、外科用锉刀、医用锉和磨石以及常用的切割工具等。
应该理解许多在这里用于描述和说明本发明的细节、材料、步骤和部件排列的种种变化，都是本领域普通技术人员能够依据本发明的原则和范围而得出的。例如，当凹口具有垂直于基准面中心轴线时，显然凹口轴线可以“倾斜”以提供非对称的下切口。当以一定的角度施用腐蚀剂时，就会出现倾斜的锯齿状结构(本文没有出现)。这样的结构可相对容易的插入骨槽内，但是会引起强烈的抗拉伸作用，迫使植入物移位。
Claims (46)
1.一种在物体表面制作大量微型下凹口的方法，该物体在表面下具有比在其表面更大的不规则碎片区域，该方法包括：
在基本上整个物体表面涂敷一层完整的保护层；
去除选定区域的保护层部分，以暴露出下面的确定好样式的物体表面部分；
在暴露的下部表面部分施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以侵蚀暴露的表面部分并使腐蚀剂能够腐蚀到保护层下面保留的部分，得到大量的下凹口；接着
去除剩余的保护层部分以得到具有大量下凹口并包括连通凹口的暴露状态的物体表面，即得到具有设计好样式的凹口。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述物体材料选自金属、陶瓷、塑料、玻璃材料以及它们的复合物。
3.权利要求2的方法，其中金属物体包括选自含铁的金属、不含铁的金属以及它们的合金的一种金属。
4.权利要求2的方法，其中金属物体包括选自钛、锆、不锈钢、钽、耐火金属、金属碳化物以及钴/铬合金的一种金属。
5.权利要求1的方法，其中保护层包含选自丙烯酸、环氧化物以及聚酯的材料。
6.权利要求5的方法，其中保护层进一步包含一种染料和色素。
7.权利要求6的方法，其中色素包括碳黑。
8.权利要求1的方法，其中保护层包含抗腐蚀聚合物。
9.权利要求1的方法，其中保护层的厚度为约0.001-0.010英寸。
10.权利要求9的方法，进一步包括将保护层在200°F(±10°F)下烘烤约15-17分钟。
11.权利要求6的方法，进一步包括将色素在高速剪切搅拌器内分散到保护层材料中，然后在此将色素和保护层材料混合直到混合物的温度升高15℃-20℃。
12.权利要求1的方法，其中保护层在物体表面的涂敷采用的方法选自浸渍、喷涂、旋涂、刷涂以及静电沉积等方法。
13.权利要求1的方法，其中去除保护层是用激光切除进行的。
14.权利要求13的方法，其中激光切除是由计算机控制的。
15.权利要求14的方法，其中凹口样式是通过激光投影样式选择性去除保护层而形成的。
16.权利要求1的方法，其中向物体暴露表面部分涂敷腐蚀剂是通过喷洒刻蚀器完成的。
17.权利要求16的方法，其中喷洒刻蚀器的操作是在100°F的温度，10 lbs/in2的喷洒压力下进行的，内装硝酸氢氟酸溶液，操作时间约为20分钟。
18.权利要求1的方法，其中剩余保护层部分的去除是在NU/Phase 23剥离器中浴温180°F下浸泡表面约10分钟后完成的。
19.权利要求14的方法，其中控制计算机连接CAD系统操作，该系统可方便地存储数字格式的样式或可将上述数据传递给摄像工具。
20.权利要求13的方法，其中进行激光切除的激光选自一种YAG激光，CO2激光，绿色激光以及其它可以提供与保护层吸收波长接近的波长值的激光。
21.权利要求1的方法，其中所述的下凹口具有非球形形状。
22.权利要求21的方法，其中所述的形状基本上为椭圆形。
23.一种在物体表面制作选定样式的大量微型下凹口并且可以在任意选择的数量的物体表面重复制作的方法，该方法包括：
在物体的整个选定表面涂敷一层完整的保护层；
在计算机控制下用激光去除选定区域的保护层部分，以暴露出下面的确定好样式的物体表面部分；
在暴露的下部表面部分施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以侵蚀暴露的表面部分并使腐蚀剂能够腐蚀到保护层下面保留的部分，得到大量下凹口；接着
去除剩余的保护层部分以得到具有大量下凹口的暴露状态的选定表面。
24.权利要求23的方法，其中所述激光切除是用添加钕的YAG激光进行的，波长约为1.06微米。
25.权利要求23的方法，其中所述激光切除是用选自CO2激光，二极管泵激光和绿色激光之一进行的。
26.权利要求23的方法，其中选定的格式储存为标记图像文件格式和绘图图形文件之一。
27.权利要求23的方法，其中所述的下凹口是非球形形状。
28.权利要求27的方法，其中的形状基本上是椭圆形。
29.一种制作外科植入物的方法，该植入物通过与骨的结合可刺激骨的生长，该方法包括：
提供一种硬质的物体；
在物体的整个基准面上涂敷一层完整的保护层；
去除选定区域的保护层部分，以暴露出下面的物体基准面部分；
在暴露的基准面部分施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以使腐蚀剂能够腐蚀到保护层下面的保留部分，得到大量的在与基准面交点处具有锋利边缘的下凹口；接着
去除剩余部分的保护层以得到具有锋利边缘，可以从骨上刮擦微小物质的暴露状态的基准面，同时凹口获取和保留这些骨的微小物质以刺激骨的生长。
30.一种制作外科植入物的有织纹表面的方法，该方法包括：
在植入物的整个基准面上涂敷一层完整的保护层；
去除选定区域的保护层部分，以暴露出植入物的基准面的下面部分；
在暴露的基准面部分施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以侵蚀暴露的表面部分并使腐蚀剂能够腐蚀到保护层下面保留的部分，得到大量的在与基准面交点处具有锋利边缘的下凹口；接着
去除剩余部分的保护层以得到具有锋利边缘，可以从骨上刮擦微小物质的暴露状态的基准面，同时凹口获取和保留这些骨的微小物质以刺激骨的生长。
31.一种将外科植入物与骨骼相结合的方法，该方法包括：
提供具有基准面以及在基准面上有大量微型下凹口的外科植入物，该植入物在其基准面下具有比在其基准面上更大的不规则碎片区域，在其基准面与凹口的交点处形成锋利边缘；
将该基准面与骨表面压在一起；接着
使植入物沿着滑表面，使上述锋利边缘可以从骨上刮擦微小的骨质。
其中凹口获取并保留微小骨质以刺激骨的生长。
32.一种将外科植入物与骨骼相结合的方法，该方法包括：
提供具有基准面，在基准面上有大量微型凹口以及基准面上的骨研磨结构的外科植入物；
将该基准面与骨表面压在一起；接着
使植入物沿着滑表面以从骨上研磨微小的骨质；
其中凹口适于获取并保留微小骨质以刺激骨的生长。
33.权利要求32的方法，其中下凹口具有非球形形状。
34.权利要求33的方法，其中形状基本上是椭圆形。
35.一种在骨与植入物结合过程中骨用微小骨质获取并固定外科植入物的方法，该方法包括：
提供具有能与骨表面相结合的表面的外科植入物，该植入物在其表面具有大量的微型下凹口和骨研磨结构；和
沿着骨移动植入物，骨研磨结构使微小的骨质离开骨，骨质进入微型凹口中并保留以刺激骨在下凹口内生长。
36.权利要求35的方法，其中下凹口具有非球形形状。
37.权利要求36的方法，其中形状基本上是椭圆形。
38.一种制造外科植入物的方法，其中该植入物具有通常按预定的距离彼此隔开的相对的基准面，每个基准面均适于与骨表面相结合，该方法包括以下步骤：
提供具有分别适于与第一和第二骨表面相结合的第一和第二基准面部分的物体，其中基准面部分按预定的距离彼此隔开，该距离基本与第一和第二骨表面之间的距离相等；
在每一个基准面的全部涂敷一层完整的保护层；
去除选定区域的保护层，以暴露出下面的确定好样式的基准面部分；
在暴露的基准面部分施用腐蚀剂并保持足够的时间以侵蚀暴露部分的基准面并使腐蚀剂能够腐蚀到保护层下面保留的部分，得到下凹口；接着
去除剩余的保护层以得到具有大量下凹口的相对的暴露状态的基准面。
其中基准面没有从中突出的结构。
39.一种外科植入物，包括：
具有与骨相结合的基准面的物体；
在基准面上有大量的微型下凹口，所述物体在表面下具有比在其基准表面更大的不规则碎片区域；
所述凹口与基准面的交点所形成的锋利边缘适于刮擦骨表面形成骨微粒；
所述凹口适于获取并保留用锋利边缘从骨上刮擦下的骨微粒，刺激骨在上述凹口内生长。
40.权利要求39的外科植入物，其中所述物体材料选自金属、陶瓷、塑料、玻璃材料以及它们的复合物。
41.权利要求40的外科植入物，其中金属是一种选自含铁的金属、不含铁的金属以及它们的合金的金属。
42.权利要求40的外科植入物，其中金属物体是选自钛、锆、不锈钢、钽、耐火金属、金属碳化物以及钴/铬合金之一的金属。
43.权利要求39的外科植入物，其中所述的下凹口具有非球形形状。
44.权利要求43的外科植入物，其中形状基本上是椭圆形。
45.权利要求1的方法，其中腐蚀剂是按照如下的角度施用于暴露表面的，选自(i)垂直于暴露表面；(ii)与暴露表面形成锐角。
46.权利要求39的外科植入物，其中每个微型凹口都有一个中轴线，该中轴线选自(i)垂直于基准面，和(ii)与基准面形成锐角之一。
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| US26408401P | 2001-01-25 | 2001-01-25 | |
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| US30992301P | 2001-08-03 | 2001-08-03 | |
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| CN02103283A Pending CN1371665A (zh) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-01-25 | 一种在表面制造微型下凹口的方法,由此制备的外科植入物以及在骨骼上固定植入物的方法 |
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| US (2) | US6599322B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1229147A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2002301091A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20030081397A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1371665A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2435914A1 (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ20032016A3 (zh) |
| HK (1) | HK1048651A1 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUP0501183A2 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL156968A0 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03006697A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL364717A1 (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK9652003A3 (zh) |
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-
2001
- 2001-10-12 US US09/976,722 patent/US6599322B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-01-23 EP EP02001558A patent/EP1229147A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-01-25 WO PCT/US2002/002066 patent/WO2002071918A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-25 CA CA002435914A patent/CA2435914A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-01-25 PL PL02364717A patent/PL364717A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-25 KR KR10-2003-7009820A patent/KR20030081397A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-25 SK SK965-2003A patent/SK9652003A3/sk unknown
- 2002-01-25 MX MXPA03006697A patent/MXPA03006697A/es unknown
- 2002-01-25 HU HU0501183A patent/HUP0501183A2/hu unknown
- 2002-01-25 CZ CZ20032016A patent/CZ20032016A3/cs unknown
- 2002-01-25 IL IL15696802A patent/IL156968A0/xx unknown
- 2002-01-25 CN CN02103283A patent/CN1371665A/zh active Pending
- 2002-01-25 JP JP2002016937A patent/JP2002301091A/ja active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-01-30 HK HK03100766.9A patent/HK1048651A1/zh unknown
- 2003-04-22 US US10/420,330 patent/US20030194869A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002071918A3 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
| SK9652003A3 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
| MXPA03006697A (es) | 2004-10-15 |
| HK1048651A1 (zh) | 2003-04-11 |
| PL364717A1 (en) | 2004-12-13 |
| CZ20032016A3 (cs) | 2004-04-14 |
| HUP0501183A2 (en) | 2006-04-28 |
| KR20030081397A (ko) | 2003-10-17 |
| CA2435914A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
| WO2002071918A2 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
| IL156968A0 (en) | 2004-02-08 |
| US6599322B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 |
| JP2002301091A (ja) | 2002-10-15 |
| EP1229147A1 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
| US20030194869A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
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