CN1358124A - 用于刀库的换刀装置 - Google Patents

用于刀库的换刀装置 Download PDF

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CN1358124A
CN1358124A CN01800013A CN01800013A CN1358124A CN 1358124 A CN1358124 A CN 1358124A CN 01800013 A CN01800013 A CN 01800013A CN 01800013 A CN01800013 A CN 01800013A CN 1358124 A CN1358124 A CN 1358124A
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cutter
tool
changing device
tool magazine
tool changing
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CN1153651C (zh
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托斯滕·拉施
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Deckel Maho Seebach GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155421—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers the grippers moving independently from each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
    • B23Q2003/155432—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable about different axes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
    • B23Q2003/155435—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable
    • B23Q2003/155446—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable with translation of the pivoting axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
    • Y10T483/1752—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including tool holder pivotable about axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
    • Y10T483/1752—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including tool holder pivotable about axis
    • Y10T483/1755—Plural tool holders pivotable about common axis
    • Y10T483/1757—Plural tool holders pivotable about common axis including intermediate tool changer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
    • Y10T483/1752—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including tool holder pivotable about axis
    • Y10T483/1755—Plural tool holders pivotable about common axis
    • Y10T483/1757—Plural tool holders pivotable about common axis including intermediate tool changer
    • Y10T483/176—Intermediate tool changer includes tool holder pivotable about axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
    • Y10T483/1752—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including tool holder pivotable about axis
    • Y10T483/1779—Linearly movable tool holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
    • Y10T483/1783—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including linearly translatable tool changer [e.g., shuttle, ram, etc.]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

用于具有一主轴(1)的机床的换刀装置,主轴至少可沿主轴轴线方向移动并可在一主轴交接位置将刀具(3)夹入主轴内,换刀装置具有一刀库(2),在刀库内一待更换刀具(3)在一刀库准备位置中保持在一与主轴轴线方向不同的方位。在一输送装置(4)上支承一刀夹(5),它借助于一具有月牙板导轨(6a,6b)的操作装置(6)将刀具(3)在其输送到主轴交接位置或从那里输出期间在其在刀库(2)内的准备位置上的方位和与主轴轴线方向平行的方位之间绕一回转轴(5a)回转。输送装置(4)做得用于刀库准备位置和主轴交接位置之间的整个输送行程。输送方向与装在刀库内的刀具(3)的旋转轴线(3a)同心。回转轴线(5a)垂直与一由输送方向(4f)和主轴轴线(1a)确定的平面分布。

Description

用于刀库的换刀装置
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分的换刀装置。
已知的优先采用的类型(DE4331064A1)的换刀装置具有一输送装置，它可沿两条水平直线导轨和沿一第三条垂直的直线导轨在一刀库交接位置和一主轴交接位置之间运动。输送装置带一具有两个夹钳的刀夹，它们可绕一垂直于垂直的进给方向和主轴轴线的轴在刀具水平布置的主轴交接位置和垂直的刀库交接位置之间回转。回转运动通过一月牙板导轨(kulissenfuehrung)从输送装置的运动中引出。因此对于刀具的输送需要三个进给轴和至少一个回转轴。进给轴必须配备一个进给驱动装置。这种类型的换刀装置复杂和昂贵。此外它需要很多空间。
另一种已知换刀装置(DE4009537C2)具有一输送装置，它可沿一唯一的直线导轨在一与刀库相邻的交接位置和一主轴交接位置之间运动。输送装置带一具有两个夹钳的刀夹，它可绕一与进给方向平行的轴在刀具水平布置的主轴交接位置和垂直的刀库交接位置之间回转。回转运动通过一月牙板导轨从输送装置的在刀库交接位置和主轴交接位置之间进行的运动中借助于一齿条传动装置引出。在这种已知装置中刀具必须在刀库和位于刀库换刀位置上的刀夹之间借助于一特殊的操作器械交换。齿条传动装置和附加的操作器械使装置明显地变贵。
从这种现有技术出发本发明的目的是，形成一种比已知的优选类型更简单、更便宜和更不容易出现故障的换刀装置。
这个目的用权利要求1的特征来实现。
此换刀装置用一个唯一的用于刀具输送的驱动装置便够了。输送方向这样地选择，使得用输送运动可以直接将刀具插入刀库内的刀套中。刀具通过输送运动一下便到达主轴交接位置。对于刀具回转到主轴轴线方向不需要传动装置。
本发明优选的结构由从属权利要求得到。
在一种优选的实施形式中换刀时间可以显著缩短，如果并排设置两个输送装置的话，其中的一个输送装置将使用中的，夹持在主轴内的加工刀具取到一主轴交接位置上，并放在刀库中一个空的贮存位置上，而另一个输送装置将从刀库中取出的、新的加工刀具在主轴交接位置随时准备好，装入主轴。
下面借助于附图详细地说明本发明的一个优选实施例。它们表示：
图1  换刀装置的示意侧视图；
图2  带按图1的换刀装置的刀库的正视图。
刀库2在一图1中未画出的、循环驱动的刀库链2b上带有许多刀套2c，刀具3以其锥柄3b装入刀套内。在刀库准备位置上设有一带一双做得镜像对称的输送装置4中的一个的换刀装置，输送装置包括两个可在一垂直分布的导轨4e上移动的滑板4a和4b。在第一滑板4a上可绕一回转轴5a回转地支承一刀夹5。在第二滑板4b上作用一做成活塞—工作缸单元的进给驱动装置4d。在第二滑板4b上支承一平衡杆4c，它离回转轴5a一段距离地与刀夹5铰接。
在刀库准备位置上用于刀夹5的操作装置6的支架6c固定设置在刀库2上。操作装置6在输送装置4在准备位置和主轴交接位置之间移动期间借助于一固定在它上面的月牙板滑块6a转动刀夹5，月牙板滑块在一设置在支架6c上的月牙板6b内移动。
在主轴交接位置未画出的机床的主轴1以其锥形刀夹1b与准备好的刀具3的锥柄3b同心地配合。在此主轴轴线1a也和刀具3的旋转轴线3a同心。
一导向板5b支承在刀夹5上，该导向板可垂直于由双箭头表示的输送装置4的输送方向4f在两个位置之间移动。在第一个位置上导向板5b抓住刀具3锥柄3b下方一楔形环形槽3c，并将刀具3不可改变地保持在其相对于刀夹5的位置上。在第二个位置上导向板5b释放刀具3，。使它可从准备位置被刀库链2b送出，或者在主轴交接位置被主轴带动到加工区域。
图2表示带有换刀装置但是不带机床的刀库2的总体视图。刀库链2b在刀库座2a上移动，刀库链由一链驱动装置2a循环驱动。刀库链2b具有许多刀套2c，它们携带刀具3。在刀库准备位置上刀库链2b具有一空的刀套2c和一备有下一次待更换的刀具3的刀套2c。
这两个刀套2c的每一个配设上述两个输送装置4中的一个。在两个位于准备位置的刀套2c之间设一支架6c，它在两侧分别带有一条导轨4e。在导轨4e上分别有输送装置4的两个滑板4a和4b以镜像对称的布局可在准备位置和主轴交接位置之间移动。
换刀按以下的运动程序进行：刀库链2b由链驱动装置2d驱动，直至下一个加工所需要的刀具3位于准备位置为止。所选择的刀具3被位于这个位置的刀夹5的导向板在其槽3c内夹住。在刀具3随后向主轴交接位置的输送运动开头刀具3的锥柄3b从刀套2c中拔出。在继续向下运动时刀夹5回转到一与主轴1a平行的、刀具3在到达主轴交接位置时所占有的方向。在这个装了新刀具3的刀夹5旁边已经有第二输送装置4的空刀夹5以同样的方位位于主轴交接位置。
主轴1沿其轴线1a方向带着待更换的刀具3移动到主轴交接位置。在那里空刀夹5的导向板5b夹住被主轴1夹紧的刀具3。主轴1一很短的后退行程使锥柄3b从锥形刀夹1b中脱出。现在输送装置把用过的刀具3送到刀库2中的空刀套2c处。同时主轴1平行于本身移向第二个刀夹5，主轴通过沿主轴轴线方向下降从刀夹中接受新的刀具3。在接受以后导向板5b从刀具3处退回。输送装置4空行程退回其起始位置，这时操作装置6使刀夹5重新转回到适合于接受下一把刀具3的角度位置。因此换刀过程结束，主轴1准备好开始一个加工过程。
换刀也可以用一个唯一的输送装置4进行。然而输送装置必须依次带着用过的刀具和新的刀具3进行。也可以采用带有一双夹钳的唯一的输送装置4，如果在刀库2内在紧靠带有下一个需要的刀具3的刀套2c的旁边分别提供一空刀套2c的话。

Claims (9)

1.用于一机床的换刀装置，具有一至少可沿主轴轴线方向移动并在一主轴交接位置可在它里面夹紧一刀具(3)的主轴(1)，一在里面在一与主轴轴线方向不同的方位夹持一待更换的、具有一旋转轴线(3a)的刀具(3)的刀库(2)；和一输送装置(4)，它上面支承一刀夹(5)，它借助于一具有一月牙板导轨(6a、6b)的操作装置(6)使刀具(3)在其输送期间在主轴交接位置和一准备位置之间绕一回转轴(5a)回转，输送装置(4)做得用于准备位置和主轴交接位置之间的整个输送行程，回转轴线(5a)垂直于一由输送方向(4f)和主轴轴线(1a)确定的平面分布，
其特征为：
输送装置(4)做得用于在一和装在刀库内的刀具(3)的旋转轴线(3a)的方位同心的输送方向(4f)的整个输送行程。
2.按权利要求1的换刀装置，其特征为：操作装置(6)的月牙板滑块(6a)固定在可运动的刀夹(5)上，月牙板(6b)固定不动地设置。
3.按权利要求1或2的换刀装置，其特征为：月牙板(6b)设置在一与刀库(2)刚性连接的支架(6c)上。
4.按权利要求1至3之一项或几项的换刀装置，其特征为：输送装置(4)具有一滑板(4a)，它可在刀库(2)上沿输送方向(4f)移动，并且所述刀夹(5)可回转地支承在滑板上。
5.按权利要求1至3之一项或几项的换刀装置，其特征为：输送装置(4)具有两个可在一共同的导轨(4e)上移动的滑板(4a；4b)，其中第一个(4a)带有刀夹(5)，第二个滑板(4b)通过一平衡杆(4c)与刀夹(5)铰接。
6.按权利要求5的换刀装置，其特征为：用于输送装置(4)的进给驱动装置(4d)作用在第二个滑板(4b)上。
7.按权利要求1至6之一项或几项的换刀装置，其特征为：刀具(3)具有一用来将它安装在主轴(1)内的锥柄(3b)，刀具用锥柄固定在刀库(2)内；刀具(3)还具有一楔形环形槽(3b)，刀具用该环形槽夹紧在刀夹(5)内。
8.按权利要求1至7之一项或几项的换刀装置，其特征为：刀夹(5)具有一夹住楔形环形槽(3b)的导向板(5b)，它可以垂直于输送方向移动。
9.按权利要求1至8之一项或几项的换刀装置，其特征为：刀具(3)循环地固定在刀库(2)内，在刀库(2)的循环方向并排设置两个可相互独立地驱动的输送装置(4)。
CNB018000134A 2000-03-15 2001-03-07 用于机床的换刀装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1153651C (zh)

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DE10012665A1 (de) 2001-09-27
US6802801B2 (en) 2004-10-12
US20020035018A1 (en) 2002-03-21
CZ20012828A3 (cs) 2003-02-12
WO2001068316A1 (de) 2001-09-20
DE10012665C2 (de) 2003-10-09
CZ292525B6 (cs) 2003-10-15
ES2233610T3 (es) 2005-06-16
DE50105353D1 (de) 2005-03-24
JP2003526526A (ja) 2003-09-09
JP3690597B2 (ja) 2005-08-31
EP1194266A1 (de) 2002-04-10
CN1153651C (zh) 2004-06-16

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