CN1331572A - 用于骨头的固定系统 - Google Patents

用于骨头的固定系统 Download PDF

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CN1331572A
CN1331572A CN99814755A CN99814755A CN1331572A CN 1331572 A CN1331572 A CN 1331572A CN 99814755 A CN99814755 A CN 99814755A CN 99814755 A CN99814755 A CN 99814755A CN 1331572 A CN1331572 A CN 1331572A
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    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8004Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with means for distracting or compressing the bone or bones
    • A61B17/8014Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with means for distracting or compressing the bone or bones the extension or compression force being caused by interaction of the plate hole and the screws

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Abstract

用于骨头的固定系统,它有一具有至少一个通孔的连接支架,有至少一个插在通孔中的骨螺钉,有使之有可能在不同角度下相互对齐的连接支架和骨螺钉的支撑表面,和用于按一定的角度将骨螺钉固定在连接支架上的工具,其中,用于固定的工具有一在骨螺钉和连接支架的支撑表面的下面的螺纹连接,该螺纹连接通过将骨螺钉按一定的角度拧入,由一预成形的螺纹在至少一个支撑表面下面通过变形形成。

Description

用于骨头的固定系统
本发明涉及用于骨头的固定系统,它具有一连接支架和至少一个骨螺钉或至少一个锁定螺栓。
这种固定系统用在接骨中,其中,骨螺钉与骨头的端部连接,而连接支架则跨接断口。连接支架可以特别是一个骨板、一骨髓钉或一固定器。此处希望骨螺钉能适应要连接的骨头部分的情况,以不同的角度装在连接支架上,以便最佳地与碎片对齐或补偿目标误差。
为此,在一已知的固定系统中,骨螺钉有具有大致为半球形支撑表面的头部,与该支撑表面相配的是一骨板的通孔中的一个支撑面。当例如在胫骨断裂,两个骨块要互相连接时,要在接上的骨块上放置金属骨板。以后,要如此将螺钉拧入,以便螺钉头与板孔的支撑表面彼此相靠并将板压靠在骨头上。由此得到一骨头部分、骨板和骨螺钉的连接。不过,已经证明,可能产生骨螺钉与骨板连接的松动。其原因在于骨螺钉与骨板的角度连接的稳定性不够,而这种稳定性是通过螺钉头与板孔之间的摩擦力来保证的。
另一方面,骨螺钉与骨板的角度稳定的连接导致整个装配组件获得稳定性。已经知道有各种用于达到这种稳定的连接的解决方案。按照EP-A-10201024,这例如可如此实现,即有一压力板与该骨板相配,该压力板可用螺钉头上紧并按一所选择的角度位置被固定。这种具有压力板的昂贵的固定系统由于其比较大的体积而在应用可能性方面受到限制。
按照Wo/8904150,另一种解决方案在于,在一槽区用一膨胀螺钉扩大螺钉头部并由此将其压入板孔中。此时,螺钉头或包围该头的插入件以及板孔都有球形的支撑表面,该表面使之能在不同的角度下都对齐。此固定系统同样在制造和应用方面是昂贵的。
此外,早就知道,在螺钉头部上设置外螺纹,并在板孔中设置内螺纹。如果这时将螺钉拧入骨头中,则可通过螺纹连接得到板与螺钉的角度稳定的对齐。不过,这种解决方案有严重的缺点,即螺钉不仅不能以任意的角度,而且只能按通过螺纹轴线预先给定的取向装在板孔中。
此缺点可按照DE 4343117 A1按这样的方式克服,即用于将骨螺钉按一定的角度固定在骨板上的工具有一骨板和骨螺钉的支撑表面的螺纹连接,该螺纹连接通过将骨螺钉按一定的角度拧入,由一预成形的螺纹在至少一个支撑表面上形成。此时,骨螺钉的支撑表面和骨板的支撑面都有预成形的螺纹。在拧入骨螺钉时,通过至少一个螺纹产生材料在支撑表面上的变形,从而沿各自的拧入方向形成螺纹联接。
不过,这一解决方案特别是在采用较厚的板时有明显的缺点,即用于使材料变形的力相当大,而且这个力在内部操作上常常是不能无困难地得到的。为了使此事有可能,故在DE 19629011 A1中给出一附加的销形预成形器,以用于在骨孔中与外螺纹对齐,该外螺纹用于在连接支架的通孔中预成形螺纹。不过,螺纹的这种预成形有这样的缺点,即它要求有一额外的加工过程并导致从通孔的壁部区产生磨粒和切削粒。研究证明,在采用纯钛时,在胫骨板的通孔中产生每个通孔0.0001g的切屑。即使在传统的金属板中也产生类似的量。由于相容性,以及由于这样的事实,即此处涉及的是异物,因此这可以判定为是有缺点的。
由此出发,本发明的目的在于,即提供一种用于骨头的固定系统,其中,易于按不同的角度位置将骨螺钉拧入连接支架中,以致能得到骨螺钉在其相对于连接支架的角度位置上的稳定的固定,此时,在形成螺纹连接时,大大避免磨粒与切屑的产生。
此目的将通过具有权利要求1的特征的固定系统和具有 25的特征的固定系统来实现。固定系统的有利的发展在从属 中给出。
在按照权利要求1的固定系统中,用于固定至少一个骨螺钉的工具有一在骨螺钉和连接支架的支撑表面下面的螺纹连接,该螺纹连接通过将骨螺钉按一定的角度拧入,由一预成形的螺纹在骨螺钉和连接支架的至少一个支撑表面的下面形成。由此,螺纹连接不仅在支撑表面上,而且在支撑表面下面在至少一个预成形的螺纹的参与下通过变形形成,从而使连接的受变形影响的区域大大减小。因此,使骨螺钉易于拧入,而借助专门的螺纹成形器的螺纹成形的中间步骤则成为多余的。此外,磨粒与切屑材料的产生可减少至一微不足道的程度。尽管如此,仍然通过支撑表面和螺纹连接得到一角度稳定的、具有所要求的强度的螺钉连接。这可以通过由于变形而在螺纹连接中产生的力闭锁(Kraftschluss)(摩擦闭锁)和/或材料闭锁(摩擦焊接)来保证。
该预成形的螺纹可位于两个支撑表面的下面或只在两个支撑表面的一个的下面,以使在至少一个预成形的螺纹或一无螺纹区变形的情况下在一支撑表面下面形成螺纹连接。最好是,螺纹连接由一个支撑表面下面的预成形的螺纹,和至少一个由一个在另一支撑表面下面的至少是部分环绕的突起形成,该突起易于通过预成形的螺纹的拧入而变形。此时,突起可以有这样的结构,例如构造成飞翅形或唇形,该结构使之易于借助预成形的螺纹使其变形。突起也可(与按螺旋线形环绕的螺纹不同)绕孔的轴线沿一圆形线对称地布置,由此,可减少突起的空间要求,并减少拧入力与相对于孔的轴线的拧入轴线位置的关系。
最好是,支撑表面是球形的或锥形的,由此,有利于骨螺钉按不同的角度位置在连接支架中的拧入和安置。
此外,最好是,一个支撑表面在骨螺钉的螺钉头部的下侧形成。这时,螺纹连接可用螺钉头部的一段在一支撑表面的下面形成,该段可为此而有预成形的螺纹。这样,就形成了支撑表面和用于节省地方地固定在骨螺钉上的工具。
按照另一优选的结构,在连接支架的通孔中形成另一支撑表面。此时,螺纹连接可用通孔的一段在另一支撑表面的下面形成。最好是,此段在另一支撑表面下面有至少一个可变形的突起。由此,也可在连接支架中节省地方地容纳另一支撑表面和用于固定的工具。采用骨螺钉和连接支架的前述结构,可以形成例如具有几个毫米的厚度的骨板,而不使螺钉头越过骨板的表面的上侧突出。
按照另一种结构,离开可变形的突起一段距离,在另一支撑表面的下面布置至少另一个至少部分环绕的突起,该突起可通过拧入预成形的螺纹而变形。以后,骨螺钉在拧入之后就固着在多个可变形的突起中,由此,角度连接进一步得到稳定。为了进一步稳定角度连接,还可在通孔中的另一个支撑表面上方布置至少还有另一个至少部分环绕的突起,该突起可通过拧入骨螺钉而变形。此突起可与螺钉头共同起作用。由此通孔的壁可以给出一(在横截面中)燕尾形结构,该结构得到一有利的螺钉头与孔壁的接触,由此,通过骨螺钉的稳定性在其角度位置可进一步得到稳定。
在较薄的连接支架如骨板中,如同它们在踝关节、颈椎柱或远离躯干的下肢的范围内优先使用的那样,连接支架在通孔周围可有一材料加厚部,该骨板例如可有一1~2mm的厚度。此材料加厚部可以在采用骨螺钉(或螺纹变形)以前已经存在或在拧入骨螺钉时通过材料挤出而产生。最好是,材料加厚部在连接支架的下侧形成。不过,此外,或作为代替,它们也可以在连接支架的上侧形成。在连接支架下侧的材料加厚部可保证在连接支架与骨头之间有一点状接触,以致在非接触区可以改善骨头表面的血管供应从而改善治疗过程。此外,通过材料加厚部可使螺钉头易于埋入连接支架中,以使螺钉头部的伸出较少。
尤其是,骨螺钉有一具有圆柄螺纹(Schaftgewinde)的杆部,以拧入骨头中。该圆柄螺纹可以是自攻螺纹,以致可以不用专门的工具攻螺纹。预成形螺纹的螺距可略小于骨螺钉的圆柄螺纹,以便除去角度稳定性以外,还能得到连接支架对骨头表面的压紧力。这在整个连接中是一个附加的重要的稳定性收益。
此外,骨螺钉可以有一钻尖,以使可以省掉在骨头中预先钻孔。为了能轻快地拧入,螺钉头部可以有一工具作用处,例如一内六角。此外,在螺钉头的表面上布置锥形沟是有益的,这是因为,这使之能接纳变形后的材料因而易于将骨螺钉拧入连接支架的通孔中。
按照另一种结构,通孔有一长的形状,而且通孔的上缘从一端的最高水平面朝另一端的最低水平面倾斜,此时,通孔的宽度从一端至另一端减小,以使在一端附近插入的骨螺钉用螺钉头部座落在倾斜的边缘上,并在移动连接支架的情况下拧入时,用头部下侧在倾斜的上缘上滑动,直至在靠近另一端时,预成形的螺纹形成一螺纹连接为止。此时,在另一端附近的边缘可在位于其下的支撑表面的下面形成可变形的突起。由此,通过拧入骨螺钉,可以做到移动连接支架并得到随之而来的断骨端部的补充压紧。已经知道,通过两个断骨的这种压紧,同样可提高稳定性。通过这一过程,首先还可避免必须由骨科治疗时跨接的有害的间隙。
另一种改进为在连接支架中在要跨接的骨折的不同侧倾斜地布置通孔。此远端的和近端的通孔的彼此倾斜的位置使之有可能使骨螺钉在拧入时发散,也就是说,使其螺钉头比其“脚”部(或在该处设有钻尖的地方)更相互靠近。通过相对于连接支架和骨头的轴线的发散的螺钉位置,可在通过连接支架和骨头受载时得到提高的稳定性和改进的力流。
在连接支架中,可特别涉及一骨板,涉及一骨髓钉或一固定器。
最好是,预成形螺纹由比被其变形的区域硬特别是比可变形的突起硬的材料组成。为此,骨螺钉或其外壳可用比连接支架或其要变形的区域硬的材料制造。由此,螺纹连接的制造进一步简化,其强度进一步改进。
如权利要求25的固定系统有一至少有一个通孔的用于跨接骨折的骨髓钉和至少一用于拧入该通孔和断骨中,以使断骨与骨髓钉连接的锁销。此外,通孔有一内螺纹,以用于在锁销上成型螺纹。反之,锁销有一外壳区,该区域使之易于通过该内螺纹按不同的角度成型一螺纹,减少磨粒与切屑的产生并保证固着在成型的螺纹中。该外壳区是没有螺纹的并且(为了提高按不同角度的拧入能力是锥形的,并且有比锁销的芯部区小的硬度,该芯部区保证通过锁销传递较大的力。为了进一步促进螺纹的形成和螺纹的防松,锁销的外壳区可有一比骨髓钉小的硬度,至少在内螺纹区。此外,最好是,锁销在锥形外壳区的两侧做有具有不同外径的螺纹,以拧入骨头中。此时,较大的外径布置在具有较大外径的锥形外壳区的侧面上,以便使之能够或有利于将锁销拧入骨头和骨髓钉中。
为了进一步减少拧入转矩和减少磨粒和切屑的产生,通孔可在壁厚减小的骨髓钉的区域形成。另外,由此,锁销的有可能角度对齐的区域可朝骨髓钉加大。此外,为此目的,通孔中的螺钉可只有不多的整圈螺纹,特别是只有1~4圈整个环绕的螺纹。此外,为此,在通孔的最好做成球形的做有螺纹的区域上,至少在骨髓钉的一侧,连接以通孔的向外扩大的球形或锥形区。为了防止锁销在其角度位置松劲,锁销可另外在外壳区有一肩部,该肩部作为支撑表面与通孔的同样形成一支撑表面的球形区或锥形区相互作用。但是,由此也可以通过外壳区的锥形结构和必要时的骨螺纹的形成做到锁销的防松。该防松使通过将销钉头支承在骨头表面上的防松多少成为多余的。如果锁销有一具有工具作用处的头部,而该工具作用处则不许越过骨头伸出,则为了放置锁销总是有益的。
按照本发明的改进,连接支架有一用于确定由连接支架在骨头端部之间所传递的力的传感器(例如一伸长测量条(“DMS”)),和一用于远距离传送测量结果的发送器。传感器和/或发送器可在连接支架的空腔中做成一体。由此,使之有可能作骨头载荷的监控因而是治疗过程的检查,并易于调整病人的情况。
骨螺钉、锁销和/或连接支架最好用钛制造,此时,对于骨螺钉、锁销和连接支架或此系统组件的零件可采用具有不同材料性能的钛。
为了改善骨螺钉在拧入骨头中时的对中,可在连接支架的支撑表面上放置一固定系统的钻规,它具有可与支撑表面互补的轮廓。于是,通过钻规的钻孔可在骨头中预先钻出一孔。由此,在螺钉拧入骨头的通孔中时,可保证骨螺钉的支撑表面的基本中心位置。
本发明的其它细节和优点可由优选的实施形式的附图的下列描述得到。在图中:
图1用正视图示出一骨螺钉;
图2a至2i用通过连接支架的局部剖视图示出各种成型的通孔;
图3用连接支架的一部分的俯规图示出长的通孔;
图4用通过连接支架的局部纵向剖视图示出长的通孔;
图5用通过连接支架的局部纵向剖视图按两个移动位置示出该带插入的骨螺钉的长孔;
图6用示意的纵向剖视图示出在一管状骨听中的带锁销的骨髓钉;
图7用局剖视图示出在外壳区、在骨髓钉的通孔中、在一支撑表面上带肩部的锁销。
按照图1的骨螺钉1有一螺钉头2,该头部在上部有一内六角3,在下部有一球形支撑表面4,在其下面有一短的预成形的螺纹5。在其下面连接一螺钉杆6。杆上做有骨螺纹7和一螺钉尖8,此时,螺钉尖8也可作为钻尖形成,以使它能对骨头自钻孔,而骨螺纹可做成自攻螺纹。
图2a至2i示出通孔9在连接支架10中的不同结构,该支架各自作为骨板形成。
按照图2a,在锥形支撑表面11的下方在通孔9的大致中部,布置一圆环形突起(或飞边)12。在其下方,通孔9重新有一锥形扩大部分13。
按照图2b,在通孔9中,在上部形成一锥形支撑表面,它在通孔9的大致中部过渡至一环绕的圆环形突起。在其下方,通孔9有一球形扩大部分13。
图2c和图2d示出通孔9,在其底部设置一突起12。此时,突起12在下面界定一锥形支撑表面11(图2c)或一球形支撑表面11(图2d)。
按照图2e,通孔9在下端由突起12界定,在上端则由另一突起14界定。突起12在下端形成一向下收缩的下支撑表面11′,而上突起14则在上端形成一向上收缩的上支撑表面11″。由此,在横截面中,通孔9在连接支架10中有一“燕尾”形。
按照图2f,也可在锥形支撑表面11的下面有两个突起12′、12″,其中一个突起12′同时为支撑表面的端部,而另一个突起12″则布置成离开最初提到的突起12′一段距离。
由此,按照图2g的通孔9的区别只在于,支撑表面11在两个突起12′、12″的上方做成球形。
在按照图2h的实施结构中,通孔9与按照图2f的实施的区别为有一鼓形的材料加厚部15,它布置在连接支架10的下侧。在此实施中,同样在一向下缩小的锥形支撑表面11的下面有一界定它的突起12′和另一在其下面的一段距离的突起12″。
在按照图2i的实施形式中,与按照图2g的实施的区别同样是在通孔9的周围布置一鼓形的材料加厚部,它布置在连接支架10的下侧。此处同样由一突起12′界定一球形支撑表面11,并在其下离开一段距离有另一突起12″。
骨螺钉1可相对于按照图2a至2i的一个连接支架10的实施的通孔9的轴线按不同的角度位置拧入。此时,预成形的螺纹5使突起12或12′和12″变形,以使在骨螺钉1与通孔9之间形成一螺纹连接,该连接准确地沿拧入轴线取向。在变形时,突起12的材料填满预成形的螺纹5的空穴或突起12的旁边,以致得到一承载截面积扩大的螺纹连接。最后,球形头部2的下侧的支撑表面4座合在一种结构的支撑表面11上并按各自的拧入角度由其支承。于是,螺钉头2不会越过连接支架10的上侧的水平面伸出。此外,在所达到的最终位置,保证骨螺钉1通过与各自的连接支架10的力闭锁连接或摩擦闭锁连接在突起12(或突起12′、12″)的范围内不松动。
图3至5示出一骨板10′的通孔9′的长形结构,它具有角度稳定的骨螺钉-骨板连接。该通孔9′沿骨板10′的主轴方向有一纵向的延伸部。它从一端9″朝另一端9缩小。此外,它有一上缘16,该上缘从一端9″朝另一端9倾斜。上缘16的侧面形成一基本为球形的支撑表面11′,该表面在端部9周围是完整地形成的。在该处,边缘16至V的范围内过渡成一可容易变形的突起12,该突起同时在下面界定通孔9′。
按照图5,插在通孔9′中的具有其螺钉头2的支撑表面4的螺钉在向下拧入一断骨块17′中时在边缘16或包围它的支撑表面11′上滑动,由此,产生骨板10′沿R方向的相对于骨头的移动,而断骨块17′则压向相邻的断骨块17″。当螺钉头2座合在支撑表面11′上并全部被包含在通孔9′中时,预成形的螺纹5通过突起12的变形形成一角度稳定的螺钉连接。在以后达到的压缩位置,断骨块17′、17″保持成互相压紧。
按照图6,在一管状骨18中插入一骨髓钉19,该管状骨在未示出的位置有一断口。该管状骨在断口的两侧至少有一通孔20。该通孔20在两侧有按球形向外扩大的区域20′、20″并在中部有一做有螺纹的区域20。该做有螺纹的区域20朝通孔20的中间轴线向外凸出地弯曲或倒圆。其螺纹21差不多有三个整圈环绕的螺纹,整个骨髓钉19可用比较硬的钛组成。
在通孔20中,在断口的两侧插入锁销22。锁销22有一整个为锥形的中间段23,它在外部的锥形芯部区23″上有一外部的锥形外壳区23′。在锥形中间段23的两侧,锁销22有用于拧入骨头中的螺纹24、25,此时,在具有较大的外径的中段23的端部,螺纹24有一比另一侧上的螺纹25大的外径。螺纹24、25的外径各自至少要与邻接的锥形中段23的外径一样大。
在螺纹24的另一端,锁销22有一头部26,其中形成一其形状为内六角27的工具作用处。
锁销22同样全部用钛制造。此时,芯部区22″、骨螺纹24、25和头部26由比外壳区23′硬的钛材料组成。
如果骨髓钉19已经放入并且骨头18的断块已经对齐,就用X光设备确定通孔20的位置,并在该处沿横向在各自的通孔20中通过管状骨18做出钻孔28。以后,就将锁销22拧入,此时,锁销可借助螺纹24、25在骨头18中自己攻出螺纹。此外,螺纹21在外壳区23′形成一螺纹,此时,此螺纹连接的强度由于外壳区23′的锥形而随着螺钉的前进不断提高。附加的防松可通过螺纹24、25的基本的锥形而达到,并可通过锁销22的头部26支承在骨头18的外侧而达到。锁销22的各种角度对齐可通过形成通孔20和中段23来补偿,该角度对齐可例如在做出钻孔28时由于目标误差而产生。
按照图7,锁销22′可在具有较大直径的螺纹24′的下方有一肩部29,该肩部形成一支撑表面,该表面靠在通孔20的球形区20′上,该区域同样形成一支撑表面。由此,可以做到进一步改善锁销22′在骨头18与骨髓钉19中的座合。

Claims (36)

1.用于骨头的固定系统,它有一具有至少一个通孔(9)的连接支架(10),有至少一个插在通孔(9)中的骨螺钉(1),有使之有可能在不同角度下相互对齐的连接支架(10)和骨螺钉(1)的支撑表面(4、11),和用于按一定的角度将骨螺钉(1)固定在连接支架(10)上的结构(5、12),其特征为,用于固定的结构(5、12)有一在骨螺钉(1)和连接支架(10)的支撑表面(4、11)的下面的螺纹连接,该螺纹连接通过将骨螺钉(1)按一定的角度拧入,由一预成形的螺纹(5)在至少一个支撑表面(4)下面通过变形形成。
2.如权利要求1的固定系统,其特征为,螺纹连接由一个支撑表面(4)的下面的预成形的螺纹(5)和至少一个由在另一个支承表面下面的至少部分环绕的突起(12)形成,该突起可通过预成形的螺纹(5)的拧入而变形。
3.如权利要求1或2的固定系统,其特征为,支撑表面(4、11)是球形的或锥形的。
4.如权利要求1至3的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,一个支撑表面(4)在骨螺钉(1)的螺钉头(2)的下侧形成。
5.如权利要求1至4的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,螺纹连接用螺钉头部(2)的一段在一支撑表面(4)下面形成。
6.如权利要求5的固定系统,其特征为,螺纹连接用在螺钉头部(2)上在一个支承表面(4)的下面的预成形的螺纹(5)形成。
7.如权利要求1至6的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,另一支承表面(11)在连接支架(10)的通孔(9)中形成。
8.如权利要求1至7的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,螺纹连接用通孔(9)的一段(12)在另一个支撑表面(11)的下面形成。
9.如权利要求8的固定系统,其特征为,螺纹连接用通孔(9)中的一个可变形的突起(12)在另一支撑表面(11)的下面形成。
10.如权利要求9的固定系统,其特征为,离开可变形的突起(12′)一段距离,在另一支撑表面(11)下面布置至少另一个至少部分环绕的突起(12″),该突起可通过拧入预成形的螺纹而变形。
11.如权利要求7至10的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,在通孔(9)中的另一个支撑表面(11′)的上方,布置至少还有另一个至少部分环绕的突起(14),该突起可通过拧入骨螺钉而变形。
12.如权利要求1至11的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,连接支架(10)在通孔(9)的周围有一材料加厚部(15)。
13.如权利要求12的固定系统,其特征为,材料加厚部(15)在连接支架(10)的下侧和/或上侧形成。
14.如权利要求1至13的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,骨螺钉(1)有一具有圆柄螺纹(7)的杆部(6)。
15.如权利要求1至4的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,圆柄螺纹(7)为自攻螺纹。
16.如权利要求14或15的固定系统,其特征为,预成形螺纹(5)的螺距略小于骨螺钉(1)的圆柄螺纹(7)的螺距。
17.如权利要求1至16的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,骨螺钉(1)有一钻尖(8)。
18.如权利要求1至17的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,螺钉头部(2)有一工具作用处(3)。
19.如权利要求1至18的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,螺钉头(2)在下侧有锥形沟,用于接纳变形后的材料。
20.如权利要求1至19的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,通孔(9′)有一长的形状,而且通孔(9′)的上缘(16)从一端(9″)的最高水平面朝另一端(9)的最低水平面倾斜,此时,通孔(9′)的宽度从一端至另一端减小,以使在一端(9″)附近插入的骨螺钉(1)用螺钉头部(2)座落在倾斜的边缘(16)上,并在连接支架(10′)移动的情况下拧入时用头部下侧在倾斜的边缘(16)上滑动,直至在靠近另一端(9″)时,预成形的螺纹(5)与可变形的突起(12′)形成一螺纹连接为止。
21.如权利要求1至20的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,连接支架(10)的远端的通孔(9)的轴线要如此朝其近端的通孔(9)的轴线倾斜,以使远端和近端的骨螺钉(1)用其螺钉头(2)相互靠近,近于用其“脚”部。
22.如权利要求1至21的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,连接支架(10)是一骨板、一骨髓钉或一固定器。
23.如权利要求1至22的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,预成形螺纹(5)由比可变形的突起(12)硬的材料组成。
24.如权利要求1至23的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,骨螺钉(1)或其外壳用比连接支架(10)或其要变形的区域硬的材料制造。
25.用于骨头的固定系统,它有一至少有一通孔(20)的用于跨接断骨块的骨髓钉(19)和至少一用于拧入该通孔(20)和断骨中,以使断骨与骨髓钉(19)连接的锁销(22),其特征为,通孔(20)有一内螺纹(21),以用于在锁销(22)中成形螺纹,而锁销(22)则有一无螺纹的锥形外壳区(23′),该外壳区使得易于通过内螺纹(21)按不同的角度形成一螺纹,减少磨粒和切屑的释放并保证固着在成型的螺纹中,所述的外壳区有比其芯部区(23″)小的硬度,该芯部区保证传递较大的力。
26.如权利要求25的固定系统,其特征为,至少在内螺纹(21)的区域(20)锁销(22)的外壳区有一比骨髓钉(19)小的硬度。
27.如权利要求25或26的固定系统,其特征为,锁销(22)在锥形外壳区(23′)的两侧做有螺纹(24、25),其中,在具有较大直径的锥形外壳区(23′)的端部附近的螺纹(24)的外径大于具有较小直径的外壳区(23′)的端部附近的螺纹(25)的外径。
28.如权利要求25至27的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,通孔(20)在壁厚减小的骨髓钉(19)的区域形成。
29.如权利要求25至28的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,通孔(20)中的内螺纹(21)只有不多的整圈螺纹。
30.如权利要求29的固定系统,其特征为,通孔(20)中的内螺纹(21)有一至四圈整个环绕的螺纹圈。
31.如权利要求25至30的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,在通孔(20)的做有螺纹的区域(20′),至少在骨髓钉(19)的一侧,连接一通孔(20)的向外扩大的球形或锥形区(20′、20″)。
32.如权利要求31的固定系统,其特征为,锁销(22′)有一肩部(29),该肩部是一支撑表面,用于靠在通孔(20)的形成支撑表面的球形或锥形区(20′)上。
33.如权利要求25至32的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,锁销(22)有一具有一工具作用处(27)的头部(26)。
34.如权利要求1至33的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,连接支架(10)有一用于确定由连接支架在骨头端部之间所传递的力的传感器和一用于远距离传送测量结果的发送器。
35.如权利要求34的固定系统,其特征为,传感器和/或发送器在连接支架(10)的空腔中做成一体。
36.如权利要求1至35的任一项的固定系统,其特征为,骨螺钉(1)或锁销和/或连接支架(10)由钛组成。
CNB998147559A 1998-12-19 1999-11-24 用于骨头的固定系统 Expired - Lifetime CN1154441C (zh)

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DE59902241D1 (de) 2002-09-05
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