CN1327415A - 用于在超声波系统的超声焊极与构成一相对表面和形成超声波切割装置的部分的－工具之间保持恒定的平均间隙宽度的方法 - Google Patents

用于在超声波系统的超声焊极与构成一相对表面和形成超声波切割装置的部分的－工具之间保持恒定的平均间隙宽度的方法 Download PDF

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CN1327415A
CN1327415A CN00802235A CN00802235A CN1327415A CN 1327415 A CN1327415 A CN 1327415A CN 00802235 A CN00802235 A CN 00802235A CN 00802235 A CN00802235 A CN 00802235A CN 1327415 A CN1327415 A CN 1327415A
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sonotrode
constant
contact
gap
ultrasonic
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弗兰克·埃尔纳
哈拉尔德·希尔舍
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Dr Hielscher GmbH
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/086—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by vibrating, e.g. ultrasonically
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    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/086—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary anvil
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    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9515—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by measuring their vibration amplitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
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    • B29C66/9516—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration amplitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
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    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一方法,用于在一超声波系统的一超声焊极与一超声波切割装置的一工具之间保持恒定的平均间隙宽度,其中超声波切割装置被设计成一相对表面,用于切割和/或焊接各种类型的材料,例如合成薄片、含有合成物质的织物,其中采用一切割工具并利用一调节装置。本发明的任务在于提供一种与类别有关的方法,以恒定地维持一超声波切割装置的平均间隙,从而避免了已知方法和装置的缺点,并且通过控制与外部影响因素无关的一恒定和最优限定的间隙,可以确保以恒定的质量可靠和有效地焊接和/或切割不同类型的材料,例如合成薄片、含有合成物质的织物。该任务这样完成,即通过一控制系统来保持超声焊极与一接触表面23之间的接触时间恒定,从而在超声焊极2与至少一个相对表面3之间保持一恒定的间隙。

Description

用于在超声波系统的超声焊极与构成一相对表面和形成超声波切割装置 的部分的一工具之间保持恒定的平均间隙宽度的方法
根据权利要求1的前序部分，本发明涉及一方法，用于在一超声波系统的一超声焊极与一超声波切割装置的一工具之间保持恒定的平均间隙宽度，其中超声波切割装置被设计成一相对(counter)表面，用于切割和/或焊接各种类型的材料，例如合成薄片、含有合成物质的织物。
为了产生超声波并将其以所需的工作频率作用到一介质上，原则上使用一超声波转换器(λ/2发生器)、一超声焊极和/或一导条，其中超声波转换器将所施加的电能转换成机械振动。
超声焊极(sonotrode)被当作一工具，由此将超声功率传递到作用位置。
根据现有技术，材料流或彼此叠置的材料流被引导于一相对工具例如一切割工具与超声波装置之间。
传递给材料流的纵向振动造成材料加热和/或材料裂开，并且然后产生焊接和/或切割作用。
为了获得一恒定的和最优的焊接和切割质量，并且获得使切割工具的磨损最小的效果，在超声焊极与工具之间设定一最优和恒定的平均焊接和/或切割间隙宽度是尤其重要的。
在DE4439284A1中，描述了用于连续地超声波处理一材料流的一装置，其中超声焊极与相对工具之间的间隙是可调节的。超声波转换器装置通过一温度控制的调节装置而与机器支柱刚性地连接。通过温度控制的调节装置，可以补偿超声波速度中与温度有关的长度变化，从而焊接和切割间隙保持一恒定的大小。
其缺点是仅记录和补偿了与温度有关的长度变化，但因材料弹性和工具磨损而造成的有关元件的长度变化不能被记录和补偿，该长度变化在例如通过一材料流之后，会达到几个μm。
因此，本发明的任务在于提供一种与类别有关的方法，以恒定地维持一超声波切割装置的平均间隙宽度，从而避免了已知方法和装置的缺点，并且通过控制与外部影响因素无关的一恒定和最优限定的间隙宽度，可以确保以恒定的质量可靠和有效地焊接和/或切割不同类型的材料，特别是合成薄板。
根据本发明，该任务通过权利要求1中的特征来完成。相应地，通过一控制系统来保持超声焊极与一接触表面之间的接触时间恒定，从而在超声焊极与至少一个相对表面之间保持一恒定的间隙。根据本发明的一优选的实施例，如权利要求2所述，控制系统包括连接在一起的两个控制回路。其中采用带有电子装置的一第一快速控制回路，连续地校正振动系统(超声波系统)的幅度，并且然后接触时间以快速的周期负荷保持恒定。采用第二和较慢的控制回路，但其控制时间快于系统的温度变化，并且借助于一个致动元件，可补偿切割工具与超声焊极之间与热有关和与磨损有关的间隙变化，而上述变化由于其预期的大小而不再由幅度控制补偿，从而预定的接触时间保持恒定。
按此方式，分别保护了实际间隙与实际间隙宽度。设定点的偏离会自动地补偿，而不受其它因素的影响。确保了恒定良好和可重复的焊接及切割结果，以及切割工具和超声焊极的一最小的磨损。
根据本发明的一实施例，并且通过一合适的杠杆机构，可保持两个或几个恒定的平均间隙宽度，然后，当例如在一切割点磨损后，需要进行重新调整。接下来阶段的间隙宽度都小于或等于前一阶段的间隙宽度。用此方式，例如，可确保在切割过程中用一磨损补偿来进行焊接和切割。焊接和切割的几何特性彼此独立。因此，例如可以在一大的尺寸比例下焊接而用一锐角进行切割。
对于独立的和两阶段的焊接和切割，分别可以显著增大处理速度而不会降低边缘质量，因为在焊接操作过程中，在材料还尚未在第一次处理过程中分离时，更多的能量可作用到材料上。
可以用多种方式来布置和使用所应用的工具。例如，非接触工具可以通过耳轴来安装，并且可具有一轮廓表面。
工具的布置可以是这样的，以致于一个工具可振动，而另一个工具的位置固定。
根据权利要求1的本发明的有利的实施例由进一步的从属权利要求限定。
基于一切割装置的一实施例的附图，可以更好地理解本发明。图中：
图1是一超声波切割装置的示意图；
图2是控制结构的一示意图；和
图3是另一实施例的示意图。
如图1所示，超声波切割装置包括一超声波系统1；一超声焊极2，其通过一无振动的凸缘8而与一固定板4连接；一连接元件7，在该连接元件上固定一切割工具3，此处的切割工具3为一焊接和切割板；一调节螺钉5，此处的调节螺钉5为一微调螺钉，借此可以机械地调节超声焊极2与切割工具3之间的间隙9；和一热致动元件及杠杆系统6，此处为一致动器，用于补偿超声焊极2与切割工具3之间的与热有关的和与磨损有关的间隙变化(间隙9)。
超声波功率通过超声波系统1的超声焊极2传递给切割工具3，其中超声焊极2用作一幅度变换器。通过超声焊极2，其受到纵向的超声波振动，就以这样的方式进行一焊接和/或切割操作，即在振动周期的一很短的部分内，要切割的材料与切割工具3就处于一可靠的锁止啮合状态。如果还焊接所要切割的材料的话，则通过相应地形成超声焊极和相对工具以及按照材料的性质，也以这样的一程度来按压材料，即为焊接材料而获得一足够高的温度。根据图2的控制系统包括2个控制回路。第一控制回路为一快速控制回路，在电流接通时，永久地测量超声焊极2与切割工具3的接触时间，并且利用振动系统1的振幅的变化，用这样的方式来校正该接触时间，即切割工具3与超声焊极2之间的预定接触时间保持恒定。
接触时间的基准值和/或预定设定值是通过一微调螺钉5由预定的间隙9导出的。在此，间隙9的机械设定是以这样的方式实现的，即接触时间很短，即接近于零的值(图1)。
接触时间的设定值12也可以用其它的调节装置来设定，机械地和/或电子地，以及光电地，手动或自动地，例如通过压电元件。当在较长时间确保了恒定的维持时，则可能需要一自动的重新调节，这也可能是因为考虑到超声焊极磨损的缘故。
接触时间在一测量单元10(图2)中电子地测量并且传递到一评测单元11中。
在此考虑一快速周期负荷，例如当材料流进入间隙9内时，超声焊极2与切割工具3之间的刚性配置的少量弹性变形就被消除了、即在几毫秒内被补偿了，从而幅度迅速增大，直到再次获得接触时间的预定设定值。当材料流从间隙9输出时，进行相反的控制，其中减小振动的幅度。
通过接触时间的测量，获得作为信号13的一脉冲持续值，其正比于接触时间，在评测单元11中将该信号与固定地预设的脉冲持续值(设定值)12进行比较，并且获得脉冲持续值的一校正信号14，将该信号传导给一幅度致动元件15，该幅度致动元件通过幅度校正信号17会造成振幅的增大或减小。
一第二和较慢的控制回路与第一控制回路相连，借此，通过一热致动元件6(图1中的致动器)和一杠杆系统，就可平衡切割工具3与焊极2之间的与热有关和与磨损有关的间隙变化。所有与热有关的间隙变化都被补偿。
用于起动或停止热致动元件6以及用于幅度调节的校正信号17的固定预设基准值18、19被导入一开/关型温度开关20中，其输出信号21被传导给热致动元件6。
通过对接触时间的一最优工作范围的约束，就限定了极限值信号，其用于机械综合系统的机械式基本设定。
幅度校正信号17作用在一限定的信号范围内；当离开该范围时就进行热致动元件6的起动或停止。
图3所示的实施例，用杠杆机构22和调节装置24，两间隙范围9可保持恒定。
与图1所示实施例相反，其中此处的接触表面等同于相对表面，在该实施例中，接触表面23形成在一超声焊极凹口16与一可调节舌部24之间。此处的相对表面为焊接工具3，其通过杠杆机构22而与超声焊极2形成一恒定的间隙9。在此情形中不进行分离。也可采用一切割工具，其部分地切割一材料。
此处不会产生材料磨损，这种磨损一般是因工具3与超声焊极2直接接触而产生的，因此不必进行重新调节。但是，在该情形中，两个平均间隙宽度，即接触表面23的和相对表面3的，都保持恒定。
一未示出的变型例表示了2个相对表面，其中之一由一接触表面形式，例如在此可进行焊接和接下来的分离。在此情形中，重新调节切割工具的磨损，并且焊接间隙不会改变。
附图标记列表1    超声波系统2    超声焊极3    切割工具4    固定板5    调节螺钉6    致动元件(致动器)7    连接元件8    凸缘9    间隙10   测量回路11   评测回路12   设定的脉冲持续值信号13   脉冲持续值信号14   校正信号15   幅度致动元件16   超声焊极凹口17   幅度校正元件18   基准值19   基准值20   开/关型温度开关21   输出开关22   杠杆机构23   接触表面24   致动元件(可调节舌部)

Claims (9)

1.用于在一超声波系统(1)的一超声焊极(2)与一超声波切割装置的一工具(3)之间保持恒定的平均间隙的方法，其中超声波切割装置被设计成一相对表面，用于切割和/或焊接各种类型的材料，例如合成薄片、含有合成物质的织物，该方法使用一调节装置，其特征是：
通过一控制系统来保持超声焊极(2)与一接触表面(23)之间的接触时间恒定，从而在超声焊极(2)与至少一个相对表面(3)之间保持一恒定的间隙。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是：
接触时间保持恒定，其中采用带有电子装置的一第一快速控制回路，连续地校正超声波系统(1)的幅度，并且然后接触时间以快速的周期负荷保持恒定，并且采用第二和较慢的控制回路，但其控制时间快于系统(1)的温度变化，通过至少一个致动元件(6)来补偿切割工具(3)与超声焊极(2)之间的与热有关和与磨损有关的间隙变化，从而预定的接触时间保持恒定。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是：
作为用于补偿与磨损有关的间隙变化的一致动元件(6)，设置一杠杆机构(22)，借此可保持至少两个预定的平均间隙宽度，其中在每一情形中接下来阶段的间隙宽度小于或等于前一阶段的间隙宽度。
4.如权利要求1～3所述的方法，其特征是：
设置平行的相对表面(3)，每一表面具有其自己的调节装置，其中也是平行的接触表面(23)以一连续的次序周期地监测。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是：
根据其效率来调节两个控制回路，其中至少一个致动元件(6)的起动/停止是用幅度校正信号(17)的限定的信号范围来控制的。
6.如权利要求1～5所述的方法，其特征是：
用这样的一方法来进行用于超声焊极(2)与接触表面(23)之间的接触时间的设定值(12)的预设，即采用例如一微调螺钉、压电元件、致动器之类的一调节装置(5)，从而所测量的接触时间很小并接近于零。
7.如权利要求2～6所述的方法，其特征是：
作为用于补偿与热有关和与磨损有关的间隙变化的一致动元件(6)，设置至少一个可查验的铝元件。
8.如权利要求1～7所述的方法，其特征是：
在间歇的操作中进行切割和/或焊接。
9.如权利要求1～8所述的方法，其特征是：
工具(3)被作用到振动超声焊极(2)上，并且在该工具(3)与其相互作用的相对的支承面之间形成平均间隙宽度。
CN00802235A 1999-01-15 2000-01-15 用于在超声波系统的超声焊极与构成一相对表面和形成超声波切割装置的部分的－工具之间保持恒定的平均间隙宽度的方法 Pending CN1327415A (zh)

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