CN101304833B - 超声焊头的振幅调节 - Google Patents

超声焊头的振幅调节 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101304833B
CN101304833B CN2006800415855A CN200680041585A CN101304833B CN 101304833 B CN101304833 B CN 101304833B CN 2006800415855 A CN2006800415855 A CN 2006800415855A CN 200680041585 A CN200680041585 A CN 200680041585A CN 101304833 B CN101304833 B CN 101304833B
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China
Prior art keywords
soldering tip
gap
anvil
amplitude
signal
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2006800415855A
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English (en)
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CN101304833A (zh
Inventor
唐纳德·L·泊察尔特
塞廷德尔·K·纳亚尔
保罗·M·费蒂格
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Publication of CN101304833A publication Critical patent/CN101304833A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/06Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/085Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary sonotrode
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81261Thermal properties, e.g. thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8185General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B29C66/82421Pneumatic or hydraulic drives using an inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/87Auxiliary operations or devices
    • B29C66/874Safety measures or devices
    • B29C66/8748Safety measures or devices involving the use of warnings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9231Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/924Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9261Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92611Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
    • B29C66/92613Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools the gap being kept constant over time
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/929Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/087Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using both a rotary sonotrode and a rotary anvil
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B29C66/81812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws the welding jaws being cooled from the outside, e.g. by blowing a gas or spraying a liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9513Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/967Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes
    • B29C66/9674Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes involving special data outputs, e.g. special data display means

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
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Abstract

一种使焊头和砧之间的间隙保持基本恒定的系统和方法包括将焊头置于最接近砧的位置,以便在焊头和砧之间建立间隙的操作。交流(AC)信号被施加于与焊头相连的转换器。AC信号显示具有振幅。在焊头操作期间调节AC信号的振幅,从而使焊头和砧之间的间隙保持基本恒定。

Description

超声焊头的振幅调节
相关专利申请
本专利申请与2005年1月3日提交的、名称为“FREQUENCYBASED CONTROL OF AN ULTRASONIC WELDING SYSTEM”(基于频率的超声焊接系统控制)、序列号为60/640,978的临时申请和2005年1月3日提交的、名称为“GAP ADJUSTMENT FOR ANULTRASONIC WELDING SYSTEM”(超声焊接系统的间隙调节)、序列号为60/641,048的临时申请有关,这两个申请都以引用的方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于决定振动主体和固定点之间间隙的方法和系统,更具体地讲,涉及一种根据振动主体的共振频率确定该间隙的系统和方法。
背景技术
超声焊接(有时被称为“声焊接”或“声波焊接”)时,紧邻被称为超声“焊头”的用于传递振动能量的工具放置待连接的两个零件(通常为热塑性塑料零件)。这些零件(或“工件”)被限定在焊头和砧之间。焊头经常位于在工件和砧的垂直上方。焊头的振动频率范围通常为20,000Hz到40,000Hz,通常在压力作用下将摩擦热形式的能量传递给零件。由于摩擦热和压力的作用,至少一个零件的一部分变软或熔化,因此将零件连接在一起。
在焊接过程中,为焊头组提供交流(AC)信号,该焊头组包括:转换器、放大器和焊头。转换器(也被称为“变换器振子”)接收AC信号,并且通过压缩和扩展以与该AC信号相同的频率响应它。因此,声波通过转换器传播到放大器。由于在声波波前通过放大器传播时,它被放大,并且被焊头接收。最后,波前通过焊头传播,并且施加于工件,从而如前所述将它们焊接在一起。
另一类型的超声焊接是“连续超声焊接”。这一类型的超声焊接通常用于密封织物和薄膜,或者其它的“网状”工件,可采用大致连续的方式使这些工件通过焊接装置。在连续焊接中,超声焊头通常是固定的,并且使待焊接的零件在它的下方运动。一个类型的连续超声焊接使用旋转的位置固定的条状焊头和旋转砧。将工件在送入条状焊头与砧之间。焊头通常朝向工件纵向伸展,并且沿着焊头轴向将振动传递到工件中。在另一类型的连续超声焊接中,焊头为旋转型的,所述焊头是圆柱形的并且绕纵向轴线旋转。在焊头的轴向输入振动,而在焊头的径向输出振动。焊头设置在砧附近,该砧通常也可以旋转,使得待焊接工件以线速度在圆柱形表面之间通过,该线速度大体等于圆柱形表面的切向速度。这一类型的超声焊接系统说明见美国专利No.5,976,316,该专利以引用方式全文并入本文。
在上述每一项超声焊接技术中,均在焊接过程中将待连接工件设置在焊头和砧之间。一种焊接方法是通过在焊头和砧之间固定间隙。焊头和砧之间的间隙产生夹紧力,在连接工件时所述夹紧力将工件保持在位。为了实现均匀、可靠的焊接操作,希望焊头和砧之间的间隙保持不变。
在操作期间,焊头组的一个或多个元件,包括焊头,本身通常经历温度上升。因此,焊头组通常发生热膨胀。随着焊头组膨胀,焊头和砧之间的间隙减小,结果是不利于实现上述提供均匀和可靠焊接操作的目标。
如上所述,现有的超声焊接方案暴露了一个缺点,即在连续焊接操作期间,焊头组和砧之间的间隙变窄。
发明内容
在这样的背景下开发了本发明。根据一个实施例,一种方法包括:将焊头定位在于砧附近,在焊头和砧之间形成间隙。为与焊头相连的转换器施加交流(AC)信号。AC信号显示具有振幅。在焊头工作期间调节AC信号的振幅,使焊头和砧之间的间隙保持基本恒定。
根据另一个实施例,一种系统包括利用支架系统保持的焊头组。通过间隙使砧与焊头组隔开。电源可操作地与焊头组相连,并且被配置成根据指示为焊头组提供给定振幅的交流(AC)信号,并且还被配置成输出指示提供给焊头组的AC信号的频率的数据。控制器可操作地与电源相连。该控制器被配置成可以从电源接收频率数据,并且指示电源递送根据所述频率数据确定的选定的振幅的AC信号。
附图说明
图1示出与能源相连的简单超声焊接焊头组的实施例。
图2示出连接到图1超声焊接焊头组的支架系统的实施例。
图3示出用于确定焊头和砧之间的间隙长度的系统的实施例。
图4A示出可用作间隙确定单元组成部分的表的示例性实施例。
图4B示出确定间隙长度的方法的示例性实施例。
图5A示出用于连续超声焊接操作的简单旋转超声焊接焊头的实施例。
图5B示出确定间隙长度的方法的示例性实施例。
图6示出用于使焊接焊头和砧之间的间隙保持基本恒定的系统的示例性实施例。
图7示出用于调节超声焊接系统焊头和砧之间间隙的系统的示例性实施例。
图8A示出用于使超声焊接系统焊头和砧之间的间隙保持基本恒定的系统的示例性实施例。
图8B示出用于使超声焊接系统焊头和砧之间的间隙保持基本恒定的系统的另一个示例性实施例。
图9A示出施力确定单元的示例性实施例。
图9B示出施力确定单元的另一个示例性实施例。
图10示出用于调节超声焊接系统焊头和砧之间的间隙的系统的示例性实施例。
图11A示出沿焊头纵向轴线传播的声波信号驱动的焊头表面。
图11B示出沿焊头纵向轴线传播的声波信号驱动的焊头表面,所述信号振幅小于图11A的声波信号振幅。
图12A示出控制焊头和砧之间的间隙的系统的示例性实施例。
图12B示出控制焊头和砧之间的间隙的系统的另一个示例性实施例。
图13示出使调节器和振幅确定模块的操作结合的方法的示例性实施例。
图14示出使调节器和振幅确定模块的操作结合的方法的另一个示例性实施例。
具体实施方式
将结合附图详细描述本发明的各种实施例,其中在所有几个视图中均用相同的附图标号表示相同零件和组件。引用的各种实施例不是本发明的限定范围,本发明仅受限于本文所附权利要求书的范围。另外,本说明书阐明的任何实例均无意于限制,而只是阐明受权利要求书保护的发明的许多可能实施例中的一部分。
图1示出与AC电源102相连的简单焊头组100的实例。如图1所示,焊头组100包括转换器104、放大器106和超声焊接焊头108。在操作期间,AC源为转换器104提供电能,该转换器通过压缩和扩展以与该AC信号相同的频率对它作出响应。因此,声波通过转换器104传输到放大器106。在声波波前通过放大器106传播时,它被放大,并且被焊接焊头108接收。(在一些实施方案中,焊头108被设计为可获得增益,不再需要放大器106)。最后,波前通过焊头108传播,于是被施加于位于焊接焊头108和砧110之间的(图1未示出的)工件。焊头组的其他实例是本领域已知的,并且适用于本文公开的以下系统、方案和方法。
焊头108与砧110间隔的距离在图1中标记为“间隙”。摩擦能施加于工件的过程使焊头组100的各个元件温度升高。由于焊头组100的元件温度升高,它们呈现热膨胀,这意味着焊头108和砧110之间的间隙尺寸可能变化,该变化取决于焊头组100的具体安装方式。
图2示出用于图1焊头组100的简化示例性安装方案。该安装方案使用刚性的、通常分为三部分的机架200。机架200包括安装有砧110的第一部分202和与焊头组100节点相邻的第二部分206。例如,图2示出的机架第二部分206连接到放大器106的中点208。机架200的第三部分204伸展在第一部分202和第二部分206之间。
支架系统200在砧110的工件支承表面210和焊头组100的一部分之间保持基本固定的距离。在这种情况下,支架系统200在砧110的上表面210和放大器106的中点/节点208之间保持基本固定的距离。因此,如果在操作期间焊头组100发生膨胀,焊头组100就会,如图2中标有“膨胀”的箭头所示,沿着焊头组100的纵向轴线,从放大器106的中点208向外膨胀。应该理解的是,其他各种支架系统也可以在砧110上表面210和焊头组100的一部分之间保持基本固定的距离,其他这些支架系统属于本专利申请的范围。
在图2的安装布置中,转换器104和放大器106上部的热膨胀对间隙长度无影响(因为这些元件与200和焊头组100的连接点208的相对位置,这些元件是向上,即在远离砧110的方向,自由膨胀的)。另一方面,在放大器106下部和焊头108膨胀时,它们朝向砧110膨胀,和间隙缩小,因此所述间隙长度受放大器106下部膨胀和焊头108膨胀的影响。
根据一个实施例,转换器104和放大器106保持基本不变的温度。例如,可以通过诸如将相对冷的空气循环到转换器104和放大器106表面的一个或多个风扇之类的冷却系统冷却转换器104和放大器106,从而实质上保持它们的温度,和因此实质上抑制它们的热膨胀。所以,根据这样的实施例,焊头组100的任何长度变化均可以看作基本上是由焊接焊头108的膨胀造成的。
此外,根据一些实施例,在操作期间通过冷却系统冷却焊头108,从而抑制或降低温度升高倾向。一般来讲,这样的方案不能完全消除焊头108的热膨胀,这意味着它仍旧会呈现出一定程度的热膨胀,如果需要使间隙长度保持基本恒定,就应当考虑热膨胀。
已知,给定主体的长度与给定主体的共振频率成反比。换句话说,当主体长度增加时,它呈现较低的共振频率。因此,当焊头组100长度,例如,由于热膨胀,增加时,它呈现出较低的共振频率。具体地讲,利用以下公式,使主体长度l与其共振频率f相关:
l ≈ E / p 2 f ,
其中,E表示物体的弹性模量,ρ表示物体的密度。如果物体是组合物(例如,由多个零件组成或包括由不同材料制成的多个部分,等等),鉴于材料的多个部分,可以为E和ρ指定表示材料性状的值(例如,可以是加权平均数,等等)。
根据一些实施例,为了产生与那里的频率相等的AC信号,电源102检测焊头组100的共振频率f。例如,电源102可以将呈现特定峰间电压(或者均方根值电压)的正弦波信号发送给焊头组100。在保持正弦波信号的峰间(或者RMS)电压不变的同时,电源102调节信号的频率,并且搜寻出焊头组100消耗最小电流时的频率,这个频率就是焊头组100的共振频率。因此,根据此类实施例,可以通过电源102获得焊头组100的共振频率。根据其他实施例,可以用利用检测器观测焊头组100的方法检测焊头组100的共振频率。
在获得焊头组100的共振频率时,可以通过利用与上述物理原理类似的方式使共振频率和焊头组长度关联的方法获得焊头组100的全长。由于冷却转换器104和放大器106,从而基本抑制其热膨胀效应,所以焊头组100的长度可以与间隙长度相关。例如,根据图2的方案,利用以下公式表示间隙长度和焊头108长度l的关系:
间隙长度≈D-1,
其中D是近似常数值,它表示焊头108的顶部和砧110的工件支承表面210之间的长度。
图3示出用于确定焊接焊头108和砧110工件支承表面210之间的间隙长度的系统。图3的系统包括:将声波信号发送到焊头(和放大器)302的超声电源300(例如,将AC信号发送到转换器的电源,所述转换器继而将所述信号转换为声波)。利用诸如与存储了控制超声电源300操作的固件/软件的存储器进行数据通信的处理器之类的控制电路控制超声电源300。作为另外一种选择,控制器电路可以具体化为基于硬件的控制回路。在任何一种情况下,超声电源300的控制器均识别焊头组的共振频率,并且指示其中的电源信号发生电路与转换器协作,产生等于其频率的声波信号。位于电源300内的控制器可以与间隙确定单元304接口。
间隙确定单元304接收焊头组的共振频率,并且生成与间隙长度具有已知关系的量。根据一个实施例,间隙确定单元304是在与存储器单元相连的处理器上运行的软件模块。间隙确定单元304可以与控制超声电源300的固件在同一处理器上运行。作为另外一种选择,它可以在不同的、与其进行数据通信的处理器上运行。在任何一种情况下,间隙确定单元304运行的软件/固件均可以根据(下面的)方案工作,将结合图4A-5B讨论该方案。
根据可供选择的实施例,间隙确定单元304可以从非超声电源300的源接收焊头组的共振频率。例如,这样的系统可以包括观察焊头组、测量其共振频率以及将共振频率传递给间隙确定单元304的检测器306。在随后的论述中,仅用作实例,假定共振频率来自超声电源300。
图4A示出一种方案,间隙确定单元304可以通过该方案运转。间隙确定单元304可以包括储存在存储器中的表400。根据共振频率编制表400,并且该表使间隙长度G和共振频率f关联。因此,在接收共振频率f时,间隙确定单元304使用该共振频率访问表400,和确定对应于该共振频率f的间隙长度G。例如,假定间隙确定单元304接收输入频率f2,单元304作出响应,方法是访问表400,确定对应于频率f2的行。在确定行时,返回输入其中的间隙长度G2。可选地,可以访问表400,确定焊头组100的长度L,或确定其他任何与间隙长度的已知关系的量。假定间隙确定单元304接收输入值fx,并且假定fx位于在连续的表条目之间(即fi<fx<fi+1),间隙确定单元304就可以访问表400,获得间隙长度值Gi和Gi+1,并且可以在两个值之间执行内插,获得对应于共振频率fx的间隙长度。
可以通过探索过程生成表400中的各种条目,在探索过程中,f在表400内记录用于每一个频率f的焊头组100长度和间隙长度。作为另外一种选择,可以用类似于上文所述方式的理论计算生成表400的各种条目。
图4B示出另一个方案,其中间隙确定单元304可以进行理论计算。例如,如操作402所示,间隙确定单元304可以在接收焊头组100共振频率f时开始其运算。其后,单元304作出响应,方法是诸如利用基于物理原理的公式的,主要是操作404示出公式的,根据该共振频率的焊头108长度L计算。最后,如操作406所示,根据已知的所用安装方案产生的具体几何约束,单元304可以使操作404确定的长度L与间隙长度关联。例如,在图2的安装方案的情况下,可以按照下式确定间隙长度:
间隙长度=D-L,
其中D表示焊头108顶部与砧110工件支承表面210之间的距离,并且L表示焊头的长度。
图5A示出用于连续超声焊接的焊接焊头500实例。其中焊头500包括焊头500可以围绕其旋转的纵向轴线502。利用(图5A未示出的)支架系统限制焊头500,从而在焊头和砧504之间保持间隙。焊头组可以安装在所述系统的任意节点处。焊头的纵向轴线502大体平行于砧504工件支承表面506。
上述依据焊头组共振频率确定焊头和砧之间的间隙长度的原理可用于图5的焊头500。在材料热膨胀时,它们在所有方向都是等比例膨胀的。因此,图5B描述的以下技术可用于确定焊头和砧之间的间隙长度。
首先,如操作508所示,接收焊头组的共振频率。其后,以与上文所述类似的方式(操作510)根据该频率确定焊头502的长度L。与以前一样,冷却图5A的焊头组,使(图5A未示出的)转换器和(图5A未示出的)放大器在操作期间保持基本不变的温度,因此抑制它们的热膨胀和对该系统共振频率的影响。
因为焊头500的所有尺寸都按比例膨胀,所以它的长度L和半径B之间的比率保持不变。因此,计算焊头502的长度后,如操作512所示,使所述长度与上述比率B相乘可以得出它的半径。最后,如操作514所示,可以从焊头500纵向轴线和砧504工件支承表面506之间的距离D中减去所述半径,确定间隙长度。
应该指出的是,如结合图4A的描述,可以将利用相对于图5B描述的方法得到的结果存入表格。因此,可以通过存取这样的表,根据所述焊头组的共振频率获得间隙长度或与其已知关系的值。
图6示出用于根据观测的焊头组共振频率使焊头和砧之间的间隙保持基本恒定的控制系统。该系统包括焊头组600和与其相连的电源602。根据一个实施例,如上所述,电源602确定焊头600的共振频率。
位置调节器606与焊头组相连。在输入信号的控制下,位置调节器606调节焊头组600,使之要么移向,要么移离砧。发送到调节器606的输入信号和调节器对其的响应之间存在已知关系。位置调节器606与控制信号发生器604进行数据通信。控制信号发生器604接收用作输入值的焊头组共振频率,并且产生发送给位置调节器606的控制信号。根据焊头组600的共振频率以及位置调节器606的响应与其输入信号之间的关系,控制信号发生器604产生用于使砧和焊头之间的间隙保持基本恒定的控制信号。
控制信号发生器604可以具体化为,诸如与存储符合上述原理的固件/软件的存储器进行数据通信的处理器之类的,控制器电路。作为另外一种选择,也可以具体化为用于产生上述控制信号,保持基本恒定间隙的ASIC。在本发明的随后部分,将公开位置调节器的具体实施例。本发明的实践无需使用以下公开的位置调节器。本说明书的前述部分也将注意力集中于根据焊头组共振频率确定焊头长度或间隙长度的具体方法。根据其他实施例,可以通过测量焊头组或它的各种组件的温度得到这样的确定。
图7示出用于调节焊头和砧之间的间隙的系统的示例性实施例。其中所述系统包括定位于砧704工件支承表面702上方的焊头700。焊头700刚性地连接到机架706上。机架706包括与接收器710啮合的滑块708,从而使机架706与焊头700可以垂直平移。
机架706还包括受力板712,它通过一对构件714连接到机架706上。通过(图7未示出的)施力器将力施加于受力板712。所述力向砧704推动焊头700。利用箭头713指示所述力的方向。所述力的作用是使接触表面716与弹性变形障碍物718邻接。施加于弹性变形障碍物718的力使障碍物718变形,并且因此呈现向下挠曲(即在砧704方向的挠曲)。一般来讲,施加于板712的力越大,障碍物718呈现的向下挠曲就越大。障碍物718呈现的向下挠曲越大,焊头700和砧704之间的间隙就越小。
为了使焊头700和砧704之间的间隙保持恒定,可以采用以下方案。在焊头700温度未升高时,对板712施加一个初始力,在焊头700和砧704之间建立“理想”长度的间隙。在操作期间,随着焊头700热膨胀,间隙变小。为了抵消此影响,减小施加于板712的力,使障碍物718呈现较小挠曲,这意味着焊头700和机架向上平移(即,移离砧)。因此,可以通过控制施加于板712的力使焊头700和砧704之间的间隙保持基本恒定。为了确保这个方案的功效,施加于板712的初始力应该足以使障碍物718呈现的挠曲至少与预期需要抵消的热膨胀量值相当。
可变形障碍物714是弹性的,并且优选具有较高的弹性模量。通过选择较高弹性模量的材料,建立起一个环境,其中,挠曲障碍物714所需的力与处理力(亦即,焊头施加于工件的力)相比大得多。这样的布置方式为控制设计提供便利。根据一个实施例,可以利用钢,或另一种合适的材料制成障碍物714。根据一个实施例,施加于障碍物714的力不会使其中的材料超出它的弹性范围(亦即,在撤除该力时障碍物714将恢复其初始形状)。此外,根据一个实施例,障碍物714呈现的挠曲与作用其上的力成正比,亦即,施加于障碍物714的力与因此呈现的挠曲量值存在线性关系。
图8A示出与图7的示例性调节系统连用的控制系统实例。(下面论述的图8A的各种单元804-810可以具体化为存储在计算机可读媒体中并且由处理器执行的软件模块,或者具体化为诸如一种或多种应用专用集成电路或者现场可编程门阵列之类的专用硬件。此外,作为设计选择,单元804-810可以组合或分开。)如图8A所示,该系统包括与超声电源802相连的焊头800。间隙确定单元804确定焊头800和(图8未示出的)砧之间的间隙。根据一个实施例,间隙确定单元804从电源802获得焊头组的共振频率,并且根据共振频率确定间隙。根据另一个实施例,间隙确定单元804通过观测焊头800检测其共振频率。根据另一个实施例,间隙确定单元804得出间隙长度的方法是通过测量焊头的温度,从中推断焊头长度,并且根据焊头长度得出间隙长度。
将间隙确定单元获得的间隙长度提供给力确定单元806。为了使所述间隙保持基本上恒定的长度,力确定单元806确定施加于机架(例如,图7的板712)的力。将间隙确定单元806得出的力提供给控制信号发生器808。控制信号发生器808产生控制信号,并且将所述控制信号传送给施力器810。施力器810呈现已接收控制信号与它施加的力之间的已知关系。
因此,控制信号发生器808按照所述已知关系产生控制信号。
图8B示出间隙确定单元804和力确定单元806的示例性实施例。(与图8A的单元情况类似,下面讨论的图8B的不同单元,可以具体化为存储在计算机可读媒体中和由处理器执行的软件模块,或者具体化为诸如一种或多种特定应用的集成电路或者是现场可编程门阵列之类的专用硬件。此外,作为设计选择,图8B的单元可以组合或分开。)如图8B所示,间隙确定单元804包括长度确定单元812和间隙查找单元814。长度确定单元812接收焊头组的共振频率,和利用结合图4A和4B描述的方法之一查找焊头长度。其后,间隙查找单元814接收所述焊头长度。根据已知的焊头长度以及安装方案产生的具体几何形状(例如,间隙长度可以等于焊头顶部到工件支承表面之间的长度和焊头长度的差,间隙=D-L),间隙查找单元814得出所述间隙长度。
得出间隙长度后,将这个值提供给力确定单元806。为了使所述间隙保持基本恒定,力确定单元806获得将施加于机架的力。其中,所得的力是障碍物的长度,L障碍物、障碍物弹性模量E、障碍物的横截面积A、初始间隙长度和间隙确定单元804获得间隙长度之间的差值Δ以及已装配系统挠曲的函数。
图9A示出力确定单元806可以操作的方案。力确定单元806包括储存在存储器装置中的表900。根据共振间隙长度G编制表900,并且该表使力F和间隙长度G关联。因此,在接收间隙长度G时,力确定单元806利用间隙长度访问表900,确定对应于所述间隙长度G的力F。例如,假定力确定单元806接收作为输入值的间隙长度G2,单元806就作出响应,方法是访问表900,确定对应于间隙长度G2的行。在识别所述行时,返回输入其中的力F2。可选地,可以访问表900,确定控制信号C,将其发送给施力器810,或者确定与待施加于机架的力的已知关系的其他任何量。假定力确定单元806接收输入值Gx,并且假定Gx位于连续的表条目之间(即Gi<Gx<Gi+1),力确定单元806就可以访问表900,获得力值Fi和Fi+1,并且可以在两值之间执行内插,获得对应于间隙长度Gx的力。
可以通过探索过程生成表900的各种条目,在探索过程中,可以使用实验方法为表900内的每一间隙长度G其对应的将要施加于机架的力及控制信号。作为另外一种选择,可以类似于下文结合图9B描述的方式,通过理论计算生成表900的各种条目。
图9B示出另一个方案,力确定单元806可以利用该方案操作,进行理论计算。例如,如操作902所示,力确定单元806可以在接收间隙确定单元804计算的间隙长度时开始操作。其后,单元806作出响应,方法是,如操作904所示,计算初始间隙IG和已计算间隙CG之间的差值。这个差值Δ表示为了使间隙恢复初始长度,障碍物挠曲必须减小的量。因此,在操作906中,可以用利用操作906示出公式求解F的方法,获得待施加于机架的新的力F
图10示出用于调节焊头和砧之间的间隙的系统的另一个示例性实施例。焊接系统1010包括一个固定在支承表面1017的焊接系统1030和一个固定在支承表面1018的砧1021。焊接系统1030包括由焊头支柱1020支承和可相对于表面1017移动的焊头1032、相对于表面1017固定的具有支承板1056的固定障碍物1055和可膨胀气囊1061。
气囊1061用于施加使焊头支柱1020和焊头1032移向砧1021的力;用调节气囊1061中空气压力的方法控制所述力。当表面1025接触固定障碍物1055时,支承板1056在施加力的作用下发生轻微挠曲。
在一个具体实例中,焊接所需产品允许的最小力为600磅(约272kg),气囊1061中空气压力30-psig(约207kPa)产生此力。所需固定间隙为0.0020英寸(约0.05mm)。
在使用钛焊头操作时,确定将从室温提高的最大温度为50℉(约27.7℃),这个温度将使焊头长度增加0.0010英寸(约0.025mm)。结果是,如果不作出补偿,焊头1032和砧1021之间的间隙会减小达0.0010英寸(约0.025m)。已知支承板156的挠曲为每675磅力(约306kg-力)0.0010英寸(约0.025mm)。因此,室温的幅杆施加的力必须至少是1125磅(约510kg)或60psig(约414kPa)。随着焊头操作和长度的增加,施加的空气压力从60psig(约414kPa)减小到30psig(约207kPa),使焊头和砧之间的间隙保持恒定。
一种焊接装置通常被构造为利用可变形障碍物组件控制砧和焊头之间的距离,所述焊接装置包括带有固定障碍物的砧、焊头和安装的施力器,从而能够施加力,将焊头压向固定障碍物,使固定障碍物的弹性变形对焊头和砧之间的间隙提供精细控制。该装置可以包括传感系统,以便监视焊头的具体特性并控制施加于焊头的力,从而将焊头和砧之间的间隙保持在一固定值,而与所述具体特性改变无关。监视的特性可以是,例如,焊头的温度、长度或振动频率。
可变形,然而固定的障碍物的用途是补偿热膨胀导致的焊头长度增加,所述用途可以与旋转砧、固定砧、旋转焊头、固定焊头或它们的任何组合连用。
在使用中,待连接的工件被置于焊头和砧之间,为焊头供电和焊头被激励,并且对焊头施力,将焊头推向固定障碍物,使固定障碍物的弹性变形对焊头和砧之间间隙提供精细控制。
利用上面讨论的方法,人们可以确定用于系统的数据,然后将它代入可以在用于具体单元的所述控制系统中使用的公式。申请人已将以下方法用于上面描述的系统,但这个方法也可用于其他不同配置的系统。可以利用工程原理或者利用来自各个系统的测量数据推导所述公式。
公式2-5最适合有两个变量的线性系统。通过系统测量数据的最佳配合,根据经验确定公式的斜率和截距。测量变量间的关系同样可以获得任何具体系统的斜率和截距。优选的是系统在操作范围内具有线性性状,但如果系统是非线性的,就可以使用第二阶或更高阶的公式。
申请人已经开发并使用了下面描述的、用于在超声焊接期间控制间隙的方法。
首先,对于上述旋转超声系统,确定了以下参数。
(1)焊头直径=6.880”
(2)环境温度(℉)=65℉。
(3)环境温度下的频率=19.986KHz
(4)设定间隙时的压力=72.5psig。
(5)用于该方法的间隙设定点=2密耳(1密耳=0.001英寸)。
另外,焊头的材料特性已知,
(6)热膨胀系数α
α=5.4×10-6度(F)/英寸/英寸
α=5.4×10-5度(F)/英寸/英寸
系统通电和运行时,焊头的温度将升高。于是下一步,人们确定在连续焊接时无间隙(即2.0密耳的间隙变为零,例如,焊头与砧之间相互接触)的最终温度T最终。通过求解公式1的方法获得这一温度:
(公式1)
Figure S2006800415855D00171
在公式1中,T最终是间隙消失温度,IG是系统已设置并且未操作时设置和测量的初始间隙(单位:密耳),D为旋转焊头外径,以及α为焊头材料的热膨胀系数。利用上述用于铝焊头的输入值求解公式1,获得温度172.7℉,依据操作期间焊头的升温在该温度下间隙将变为零。因此,如果焊头被加热到172.67℉,就将无间隙。因此,有一个温度上限。将公式1用于旋转系统,可以获得任何指定系统的上限。本领域的普通技术人员也将意识到,也可以为其他几何形状推导出类似的公式,并且可以确定操作温度上限值,避免间隙消失。
由于很难测量动态共振状态的焊头温度,申请人开发了间接的,但精确的温度测量替代方法。不是直接测量温度,而是通过测量操作期间焊头频率的方法确定焊头的频率,然后利用下面的公式2确定温度:
(公式2)    λ最小=-0.0017*T最终+20.096
在公式2中,λ最小为间隙变为零之前焊头可以操作的最小频率,并且已经通过实验根据经验确定线性公式的系数。利用输入参数求解公式2,当焊头频率降到19,802赫兹之下时,间隙将为零。因为焊头频率是本领域一般技术人员可以利用常规标准设备方便测量的参数,所以人们可以使用公式1和2确定将防止间隙闭合的旋转系统最小操作频率,间隙闭合可能导致产品损坏,并且还因为接触使焊头和/或砧损坏。
使用公式1和2,人们现在能够使间隙和温度以及温度和频率关联。从而,人们可以使间隙和频率关联。在正常操作期间,当材料处于间隙(或辊隙)中时,很难测量该间隙,但是使用上述原理,可以利用频率确定所述间隙。可以使用以下公式3确定焊头频率和焊头与砧之间的间隙的关系(所述公式可以根据频率获得间隙,反之亦然):
(公式3)           λ=0.0965*间隙+19.7925
在公式3中,λ是焊头频率,并且以密耳(1密耳=0.001英寸)为单位测量间隙。当间隙为1密耳时,求解公式3得到频率19,889赫兹。应该说明的是,现在有一种方法可以确定作为频率函数的间隙变化。因此,使用利用公式1-3确定的信息,可以控制施加于焊头/砧结构的力,从而在焊接组件操作期间在焊头的温度和频率变化时,使操作间隙保持恒定。
为了控制间隙并将其保持在一恒定的操作值,控制施加于系统的力,从而在操作期间当焊头变热时,补偿其热膨胀。重新参考上面的实例,当所述间隙减小到1密耳时,人们需要降低施加于系统的压力,使系统可以保持或者恢复原先的间隙设定值2密耳。从而,为了补偿热膨胀,将降低压力,使间隙恢复为2密耳。
为了适当减小压力,人们首先需要确定如下面的公式4所示的压力与频率之间的关系:
(公式4)    P补偿=-367.3404*λ+7412.7731-P设定点
其中P补偿为施加于系统的压力减小值(单位:磅/平方英寸),λ为利用公式3确定的频率,以及P设定点为初始间隙设定点时的压力。
例如,使用上面的参数,人们可以确定当焊头因为热膨胀伸长1密耳时为了恢复初始的2密耳间隙必需减小的压力值。
实例:如果间隙变为1密耳,必需的压力补偿就是多少?
首先,利用公式(3)计算间隙为1密耳时的频率(如先前所确定的,值为19.889kHz)。然后,将值代入公式4,获得,
P补偿=-367.3404(19.889)+7412.7731-72.5=106.7399-72.5
P补偿=34.24磅/平方英寸(操作压力减小值)
确定了用于热膨胀补偿的压力后,可以核实所述压力补偿下的间隙值。这个间隙应当大致等于初始间隙与因为热膨胀产生的间隙变化值的和。核实时,首先利用下面的公式5确定压力和间隙之间的关系:
(公式5)    P补偿=35.461×(压力补偿时的间隙)+142.205
例如,在(利用公式4获得的)压力补偿为34.24psig时,人们可以重新安排公式5,并且解出所述间隙:
压力补偿时的间隙=(34.24-142.205)/-35.461=3.045密耳
由于初始间隙被设置为2.0密耳,并且间隙变化为1密耳,所以人们可以验证该模型。因此,为了补偿在操作期间由于焊头受热伸长的1密耳,人们需要增大间隙1密耳,从而恢复初始的2.0密耳间隙。
这样,利用上面讨论的用于确定操作参数的公式(或者为线性焊头/其他几何形状的焊头推导的它们的对等式),人们可以确定旋转超声焊接方法的操作极限值。例如,使用公式1和间隙设定点(目标)值可以得出操作温度极限值。使用公式2和利用公式1获得的温度极限值可以得到超声焊头的操作频率极限值。使用公式3和利用用作输入值的间隙可以得到间隙变化时的频率。使用公式2,同时使用利用公式3确定的频率值可以得到间隙变化时的温度。使用公式4,同时使用利用公式3获得的频率值可以得到用于间隙变化的压力补偿。使用公式5,同时使用利用公式4获得的压力补偿值可以得到(环境温度下)压力补偿时的间隙。
另有一个可以控制焊头和砧之间的间隙的方案。如前所述,在超声焊接中,利用通常在20,000到40,000Hz的范围内的声学信号驱动焊头。图11A示出在声波沿着焊头的纵向轴线传播时的焊头表面1100。声波传播方向为箭头1102所示方向。如图11A所示,在声波沿着焊头的纵向轴线传播时,焊头表面1100被微扰,并且其上呈现驻波波形1104。该驻波波形1104呈现被称为焊头表面呈现的“位移”的峰间振幅。所述峰间振幅,或表面位移,是沿着焊头传播的声信号振幅的函数。当然,该声信号振幅是为与焊头相连的变换器提供的电信号振幅的函数。因此,由焊头表面1100呈现的位移是发送给转换器的电信号振幅的函数。通常,发送给转换器的电信号振幅越大,沿着焊头传播的声信号的振幅就越大;声信号振幅越大,焊头表面1100呈现的位移就越大。
如图11A所示,焊头的表面1100与砧1106的表面之间的间隙是所述位移的函数。在焊头呈现较大的表面位移时,焊头表面和砧表面之间的间隙变小。
在进一步处理前,应该指出的是图11A和11B不是按比例绘制的,并且为了说明,其中诸如表面位移之类的一些特性被夸大。(例如,在正常条件下操作时,典型的焊头可以呈现大约2-3密耳的表面位移。)
为了讨论的目的,图11A所示的激发表面位移的电压信号振幅被称为振幅1。图11B示出图11A的在被振幅为振幅2)的电压信号激发时的焊头表面1100的情况(振幅2小于振幅1)。通过图11A和11B的比较可以看出,因为焊头1100表面无朝向砧的如此大的移位,所以当激发焊头的电压信号振幅减小时,焊头1100表面和砧1106之间的间隙增大。
如前所述,在典型的焊接操作期间,焊头可以呈现,例如,大约3密耳的表面位移。然而,即使表面位移减小达,例如,33%,焊接操作仍可以生产出令人满意的产品。因此,根据上述实例,使用呈现小至2密耳位移的焊头也可以执行焊接操作。于是,这时可以使用其振幅足以激发3密耳表面位移的电信号开始焊接操作。在操作期间,焊头经历热膨胀,这意味着随着焊头朝向砧伸长,焊头和砧之间的间隙减小。为了抵消这个影响,可以衰减激发焊头的电信号振幅,产生原先的3密耳的表面位移,因此使间隙保持基本恒定。当然,在需要至少2密耳位移,生产合适产品的操作情况下,电信号不能衰减到使焊头表面呈现小于所需2密耳的位移的程度。
图12A示出用于控制焊头和砧之间间隙的系统的示例性实施例。如图12A所示,所述系统包括焊头1200(它,依次,包括转换器和放大器),从电源1202向所述焊头提供AC电信号。电源1202将焊头1200的共振频率传送给间隙确定模块1204。(如前所述,电源1202检测焊头组的共振频率,并且以那一频率驱动该焊头组。)
如前所述,根据共振频率,间隙确定模块1204确定间隙的长度(或者,可以确定间隙变化,或者可以确定与焊头长度的已知关系的其他任何值)。随后,将间隙长度(或其变化)提供给振幅确定模块1206。作为响应,为了使间隙保持基本恒定,振幅确定模块确定正确的电源发送电信号的振幅。可以从查阅表检索,或者可以通过计算获得该振幅。将以此方法确定的振幅传递给控制信号发生模块1208,该模块产生适当指示或控制信号,使电源1202将信号的振幅调节成振幅确定模块1206选定的振幅。
如前所述,模块1204-1208中的每一个都可以具体化为诸如一个或多个彼此协作的ASIC之类的专用硬件。作为另外一种选择,模块1204-1208可以具体化为存储在存储器中,并且由与之通信的处理器执行的软件/固件。如果被具体化为固件/软件,就可以作为设计选择,由同一个处理器执行,或者可以由多个处理器执行组成模块1204-1208的指示。
图12B示出了用于控制焊头和砧之间间隙的系统的另一个示例性实施例。图12B的系统利用两种不同的、可以调节间隙的方案:(1)控制焊头本身的位置;以及(2)控制焊头呈现的表面位移量。如图12B所示,该系统包括焊头1210(它,依次,包括转换器和放大器),从电源1202向所述焊头提供AC电信号。电源1212将焊头1210的共振频率传送给间隙确定模块1214。(如前所述,电源1212检测焊头组的共振频率,并且以那一频率驱动该焊头组。)
如前所述,根据共振频率,间隙确定模块1214确定间隙的长度(或者可以确定间隙变化,或者可以确定与焊头长度的已知关系的其他任何值)。随后,将间隙长度(或其变化)提供给振幅确定模块1216和调节器1220。调节器1220是可以改变焊头位置的诸如如图7和图10所示的调节系统之类的系统,所述系统通过不同程度的改变弹性障碍物变形的方法调节焊头的位置。与图12A的实施例情形类似,为了使间隙保持基本恒定,振幅确定模块1216确定正确的电源发送电信号的振幅。当然,为了实现使间隙保持基本恒定的最终目标,振幅确定单元1216和调节器1220协作,共同调节位置和/或调节电源1212发送AC信号的振幅。
例如,根据一个实施例,振幅确定单元1216和调节器1220根据图13示出的方法操作。如图所示,如操作1300所示,模块1216和1220同时从间隙确定单元1214接收间隙长度或其变化。随后,(假设所述实施例的调节器1220包括将焊头压向可变形弹性障碍物的施力器),振幅确定单元1216从调节器1220接收因此施加的力(操作1302)。接着,如操作1304所示,对所述力与焊接操作可接受的力的下限值进行比较。如果所述力仍在高于该所述下限值,调节器1220就确定新的必需施加的力,和相应地调节所述力(操作1306)。在另一方面,如果该所述力达到下限值,则不得再减小所述,并且将控制转入操作1308,在该操作中确定表面位移的振幅是否已经达到其下限值。如果没有,就将控制转入操作1310,于是,为了使间隙保持基本恒定,振幅确定模块1216确定正确的电源发送电信号的振幅。由此确定的振幅被传递给控制信号发生模块1218,所述模块产生适当的指示或控制信号,使电源1212将信号的振幅调节成振幅确定模块1216选定的振幅。另一方面,如果表面位移的振幅已经达到其下限值,控制就转入操作1312,并且产生警报,指出未经要么将工艺力减小到其可接受的极限值以下,要么将焊头的表面位移减小到其可接受的极限值以下,该间隙就不能保持恒定长度。
尽管图13的操作被描述为由振幅确定模块1216执行,但是也可以由图12B示出的任何模块执行这些操作,或者可以由另一个专用于协调振幅确定模块1216和调节器1220操作的模块执行。
此外,应当说明的是,在操作1302中,调节器1220可以将焊头位置发送给执行图13方法的模块。然后,在操作1304中,可以对焊头的位置与表示调节器1220从砧缩回焊头的能力的位置极限值进行比较。换句话讲,在操作1304中确定在调节器1220能够从砧缩回焊头的时候,它是否已从砧缩回焊头。
根据另一个实施例,振幅确定单元1216和调节器1220根据图14示出的方法操作。如图所示,如操作1400所示,模块1216和1220同时从间隙确定单元1214接收间隙长度或其变化。此后,(再次假设该实施例中调节器1220包括将焊头压向可变形弹性障碍物的施力器),振幅确定单元1216从调节器1220接收因此施加的力(操作1402)。下一步,于是,如操作1404所示,确定表面位移的振幅是否达到其下限值。如果没有,控制就转入操作1406,为了使间隙保持基本恒定,振幅确定模块1216确定正确的电源1212发送电信号的振幅。由此确定的振幅被传送给控制信号发生模块1218,该模块产生适当指示或控制信号,使电源1212将信号的振幅调节成振幅确定模块1216选定的振幅。另一方面,如果焊头呈现的表面位移振幅已经达到其下限值,就不得再减小所述力,并且将控制转入操作1408,在该操作中确定从操作1402接收的力值是否处于焊接操作可接受力的下限值。如果所述力仍高于所述下限值,调节器1220就确定新的必需施加的力,并且相应的调节所述力(操作1410)。另一方面,如果所述力已经达到其下限值,控制就转到以下式1412,并且产生警报,指出未经要么将工艺力减小到其可接受的极限值以下,要么将焊头的表面位移减小到其可接受的极限值以下,该间隙就不能保持恒定长度。
尽管图14的操作被描述为由振幅确定模块1216执行,但也可以由图12B示出的任何模块,或者可以由过另一个专用于协调振幅确定模块1216和调节器1220操作的模块执行这些操作。
此外,应当说明的是,在操作1402中,调节器1220可以将焊头位置发送给执行图14方法的模块。然后,在操作1408中,可以对焊头的位置与表示调节器1220从砧缩回焊头的能力的位置极限值进行比较。换句话讲,在操作1408中确定在调节器1220能够从砧缩回焊头的时候,它是否已从砧缩回焊头。
在阅读并理解上述用于控制超声焊接系统的方法以后,本领域的普通技术人员就将知道可以通过测量焊头的操作频率、然后调节控制间隙的力,例如,压力的方法实现系统的间隙控制。对于任意几何形状的焊头(包括线性和旋转焊头),可以导出或依据经验确定该具体公式。
上述各种实施例仅用作举例说明,并且不得将它们解释成对本发明的限制。本领域的技术人员将会容易地作出各种可以对本发明作出的修改形式和更改,这些修改形式和更改没有采用本文图示和描述的实例实施例,也没有脱离下文权利要求书提出的本发明的真正精神和范围。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于调节焊头的方法,所述方法包括:
将焊头置于最接近砧的位置,从而在所述焊头和所述砧之间形成间隙;
将交流(AC)信号施加到与所述焊头相连的转换器,所述AC信号呈现出振幅;
根据所述焊头的共振频率监视所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙;以及
在所述焊头操作期间,调节所述AC信号的所述振幅,从而使所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙保持基本恒定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括根据所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙计算所调节的振幅。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中调节施加到所述焊头的推进力基于施加到所述转换器的所述AC信号的振幅和所述焊头的表面呈现的波的振幅之间呈现的关系。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,还包括:根据所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙,确定与所调节的振幅具有已知关系的量。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中确定与所调节的振幅具有已知关系的量的行为包括访问表,以获得对应于所述间隙的所调节的振幅。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中确定与所调节的振幅具有已知关系的量的行为包括访问表,以获得对应于所述间隙的控制信号值。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
调节所述焊头的焊头操作位置,从而使所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙保持基本恒定。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中能够在一定范围内调节所述焊头的所述位置,并且其中所述方法还包括:
确定所述焊头是否需要占据所述范围外的位置,以在所述焊头和所述砧之间保持恒定的间隙;以及
在确定值为正时,调节所述AC信号的所述振幅。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中能够在一定范围内调节所述AC信号的所述振幅,并且其中所述方法还包括:
确定所述AC信号是否需要呈现所述范围外的调节振幅,以在所述焊头和所述砧之间保持恒定的间隙;以及
在确定值为正时,调节所述焊头的焊头操作位置,从而使所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙保持基本恒定。
10.一种用于调节焊头的系统,包括:
由支架系统保持的焊头组;
利用间隙与所述焊头组分开的砧;
电源,所述电源可操作地与所述焊头组相连,并且被配置成根据指示向所述焊头组提供给定振幅的交流(AC)信号,并且还被配置成输出表示提供给所述焊头组的所述AC信号的频率的频率数据,其中所述AC信号的频率等于所述焊头组的共振频率;和
可操作地与所述电源相连的控制器,所述控制器被配置成从所述电源接收所述频率数据,并且指示所述电源发送由所述频率数据确定的选定振幅的AC信号;
其中所述控制器基于所述频率数据监视所述焊头组的焊头和所述砧之间的间隙,并将所述电源发送的AC信号调节为所述选定振幅的AC信号,以使所述焊头组的焊头和砧之间的间隙保持基本恒定。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述控制器还被配置成根据所述频率数据计算与所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙具有已知关系的量。
12.根据权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述控制器还被配置成计算所述选定振幅,从而使所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙保持基本恒定。
13.根据权利要求10所述的系统,还包括:
施力器,所述施力器被配置成向所述砧推动所述焊头,并且使可操作地连接到所述焊头的构件接触可弹性变形的障碍物并使其发生不同程度的变形。
14.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中所述施力器包括可操作地连接到所述构件的可膨胀气囊。
15.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中所述控制器还被配置成指示所述施力器以选定的推动力将所述焊头推向所述砧。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中所述控制器还被配置成指示由所述施力器提供的所述推动力和由所述电源提供的所述AC信号的振幅之间的协作,从而使所述焊头和所述砧之间的所述间隙保持基本恒定。
17.根据权利要求10所述的系统,其中所述焊头具有纵向轴线,所述砧具有工件支承表面,并且其中所述焊头的所述纵向轴线与所述砧的所述支承表面大体平行。
18.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中所述施力器施加响应控制信号的力,并且其中所述系统还包括被配置成向所述施力器发送所述控制信号的控制器。
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