CN1322438A - 声频/视频信号再分配系统 - Google Patents

声频/视频信号再分配系统 Download PDF

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CN1322438A
CN1322438A CN99811728A CN99811728A CN1322438A CN 1322438 A CN1322438 A CN 1322438A CN 99811728 A CN99811728 A CN 99811728A CN 99811728 A CN99811728 A CN 99811728A CN 1322438 A CN1322438 A CN 1322438A
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罗斯A·杰弗里
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/02—Arrangements for relaying broadcast information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/10—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
    • H04N7/108—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable the cable being constituted by a pair of wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/22—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H04M11/062—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors using different frequency bands for speech and other data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/08—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems specially adapted for optional reception of entertainment or informative matter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/436—Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/10—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
    • H04N7/106—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable for domestic distribution

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于再分配多种声频/视频信号的系统,具有一种再分配设备,被装备成接收多格式的信号并在导线,最好是现有的双扭线电话线上将所选的信号再分配到用户的房所。再分配设备与位于用户房所中的通信接口进行交互式通信,接收用户输入的控制信号并包含开关电路,传送所选的信号到用户的房所,由接收单元,如一台电视接收机接收。一个单一的再分配设备从一个公共分配点为整个的多用户网络服务并独立地为多用户服务。本发明的系统并不干扰电话网的正常使用,所以用户可以交互式地接入由本系统提供的服务并同时使用电话。

Description

声频/视频信号再分配系统
发明领域
本发明涉及通信系统。具体地，本发明涉及一种交互作用的声频/视频远程通信系统，它将在多重格式中接收到的声频/视频信号集成并再分配给现有电话线上的多用户。
发明背景
现代社会大量地依靠许多不同种类的影响日常生活所有方面的声频/视频远程通信服务。电视是最普及的信息和娱乐的来源之一。其他的信息和娱乐的来源包括计算机网络，例如因特网，今天它提供交互式购物，银行，游戏，讨论和社会交际的会场和许多其他的产品及服务，家庭电视游戏，录相带电影租赁等等。这些类型的服务提供无限制的多样化的信息和娱乐到世界的实际上的每个角落。
然而，这些服务已经独立地发展了几十年，并以不同的格式和通过不同的分配信道提供。例如，电视信号可通过空中(off-air)天线，电缆重分配网(CATV)和卫星广播来接收，但对每种信号源的接入是与其它无关的，并需要专门的设备和/或服务提供者。可将电视机装备成接收来自所有这些来源的信号。但每次只有一个，所以在接收端需要某种形式的开关设备以便改变电视信号源。而且，这些信号中每一个本身包括许多道，这使将这些服务集中到一个单一的集成系统中的尝试复杂化。因特网可由CATV或电话线上的调到解调器接入，但典型情况下被连到计算机上，这是一种完全分离的观查系统。
在本发明以前，决没有这样一种可用的系统，用于将这些类型的服务集成，使用户能够利用一种单一的系统立即接入由任何远程通信或广播服务提供的任何信道。而且，在本发明以前，并没有这样一种廉价的系统可用，可以交互式的，简单的使用，并在有线的单一网络上发送任何所希望的远程通信和广播服务。
发明概述
在发明通过提供一种交互式的声频/视频再分配系统克服了这些缺点，该系统集中控制对用户可用的各种广播和远程通信服务，将这些服务集成在一个单一系统中，将在多重格式中接收到的声频/视频信号再分配给多个用户。本发明允许每个用户远距离选择和控制希望要观看或接入的声频/视频信号源，并通过单一的接收单元在该最佳实施方案中为电视接收机接入任何可用的广播和远程通信系统。而且，本发明提供一种交互式系统，操作简单并允许用户利用交互式服务，如在因特网上可得到的那些服务。还有，本发明可在现有的电话线上实施，这大大降低该系统的成本并使系统的安装变得容易和便宜。
本发明通过提供一种再分配设备实现了这一点，将该设备装备成接收任何所希望格式中的远程通信信号并将所选的信号再分配到用户的房所。该再分配设备与位于用户房所中的一个接口进行交互式通信，在该最佳实施方案中，利用一种通常的红外(IR)遥控设备接收来自用户输入的控制信号，并包含开关电路，按预定路线将所选的信号传送到用户的房所，在此由接收单元，最好是电视接收机接收。一种单一的再分配设备从通常电话线的公共分配点服务于整个的多用户网络，并且独立地服务于多个用户。而且，本发明的系统并不干扰电话网的正常使用，所以用户可以交互式地接入由该系统提供的服务并且同时可使用电话，或任何现有的空中的或CATV线路，所以用户也有接收这些网上的服务的选择权。
每个用户可以选择接入远程通信系统或来自菜单驱动的用户接口的节目，利用对于由用户选择的特定的远程通信服务特定的选项，可以提供许多等级的子菜单。这样，该网络内的用户可以即时地和独立地接入任何可用的远程通信服务而不管输入信号的格式如何。
在该最佳实施方案中，本发明的系统装备有对父级控制的信道闭锁；信号处理器，保护接收到节目的视频带记录；磁卡读出器或其他的接入控制设备；系统日志，记录由网络内的用户接入的所有活动和服务供开账单之用；系统无效设施，允许系统经营者拒绝对所选的用户接入所选的服务，或再分配所选的编程(例如在紧急状态中的消息)，和其他的特征，通过以下的描述将会明白。
因此，本发明提供一种系统，用于通过导线再分配多种声频/视频信号到多种通信接口，包括服务器，接收多种输入信号的再分配器，对于每个输入信号包括用于解调信号的解调器，服务器根据输入通信接口的一个或多个控制信号，控制输入信号的输出信道选择，对于每个通信接口的开关设备用于按预定路线将信道选择传送到再分配器的输出，开关设备由服务器，根输入通信接口的一个或多个控制信号进行控制，对于每个被调制的输入信号，一个处理器用于处理供切换的该信号，其中通信接口接收该再分配器的输出，用以传送到连接通信接口的接收单元。
本发明还提供一种方法，用于通过导线再分配多种声频/视频信号到多种通信接口，包括以下步骤：在信号再分配器上接收多种输入信号，对每种输入信号解调，将每种输入信号处理成适合于切换的格式，依据输入通信接口的一种或多种控制信号切换再分配器的输出，将再分配器的输出按规定路线传送到通信接口，其中该再分配器的输出由通信接口接收以供传送到接收设备。
附图简述
在图中只是通过举例的方法说明本发明的一种最佳的实施方案，
图1是一种依据本发明的再分配器方框图，
图2是一种用于图1的再分配器的通信接口的方框图，和
图3是一种用户界面的图解说明。
发明详述
如图1所示，本发明包括一个再分配设备8和通信接口100。再分配器8作为一种远程通信信号接收机和路由器/分配器，接收多种声频/视频输入信号并从在多用户场所上电话线的公共分配点将用户选择的信号再分配到多用户。通信接口100位于每个单独的单元中，发送所选的输入信号从再分配器到接收设备2，在该最佳实施方案中，一个通常的电视接收机，并接收由用户输入的控制信号，传送到再分配器8用于选择输入信号和交互式地传送到所选的输入房所。在此所用的“声频/视频信号”是指包含声频信息或视频信息或两者的所有远程通信和广播信号。
再分配器8接收多重格式的信号，处理此信号，并根据通过通信接口100发送的命令，将所选的信号再分配给用户。命令信号被发送到再分配器8，信号被分配给用户是利用导线，最好包括双扭电话线1。
在现有的电话线不合适的不常有的情况下，例如是一种单对电缆，可为本发明的系统安装合适的双扭电缆，或者建筑物的地线可用作再分配和命令信号通路的公共地，允许本发明利用单对电话线有效地工作，以下将更详细地描述。在本发明的系统被考虑在建造计划中的新建筑物中，可安装八对电缆(也就是。替代二或四对电缆)，使本发明提供的优点能最大限度地利用，正如以下描述的那样，包括在一个单一单元中的多电视接收机2服务。
再分配器8被安装在多用户的场所，例如，可以是公寓或产权独立的公寓，商用的高层建筑，医院，学院，邻近地段电话系统中的一个局部回路，等。多用户场所可以是对通常的双扭电话线提供公共分配点的任何场所或网络，例如PSTV，网络类别5的铜电缆或任何其他的局域网电缆，分配到场所内的单独单元。在这些多用户场所中现有的线路几乎是不可变的，最低限度是四导线双扭铜线，从公共分配点分配到单独的单元。多用户场所的例子是公寓大楼，办公塔楼，医院，在局部回路中联成网的分离住宅小区，学校(通过内部通信联络系统连线到各个教室)等。
每个输入包括用于输入信号特定格式的解调器和处理器。图1所示的优选实施方案只是通过举例将各种类型的输入信号并入。本发明的系统可被装备成接收和再分配任何格式的任何视频或声频/视频信号，包括所有的远距离的声频/视频信号和本地的声频/视频信号(例如来自闭路的保安摄象机的信号)，本发明并不指望被限于以下要示出和描述的特定类型的信号。
空中(off-air)输入20被适配成通过一个被配置为接收VHF和UHF频段，包括FM广播频段的天线22接收空中电视信号。利用最好至少与NTSC,PAL，和SECAM电视格式兼容的调谐器，通过频率敏感的空中解调器24接收空中信号，将分离的声频和视频信号处理到基带用于进入到空中处理器26中，依次将该信号处理供切换，如下所述。用户利用通常的遥测方式通过通信按口100到服务器6，通过数据总线A控制交叉点矩阵开关7来发送命令控制输入频率的选择。
将CATV输入30用于通过通常的同轴电缆32接收CATV信号。利用被适配成既在谐波间有关的载波(IRC)，又在谐波有关的载波(HRC)中整个的副，低，中，高，超频段接收CATV信号的调谐器，通过频率敏感的CATV解调器34接收CATV信号。解调器34将分离的声频和视频信号处理到基带，用以进入CATV处理器36，处理此信号供切换。用户通过通信接口100到服务器6，通过数据总线A控制交叉点矩阵开关7来发送命令，控制输入频率的选择。
DSS输入40被适配成由卫星盘形天线42接收DSS(直接卫星)信号，通过频率敏感的DSS解调器44处理分离的声频和视频信号到基带用以进入DSS处理器46。解调器44最好被适配成既在C波段又在KU波段中接收DSS信号，与协议和格式无关，利用一个与NTSC，PAL和SECAM兼容的调谐器以及接收机带宽近似。900到21.8GHz。解调器44处理分离的声频和视频信号到基带用以进入DSS处理器46,处理此信号供切换。用户通过通信接口100到服务器6，通过数据总线A控制交叉点矩阵开关7来发送命令，控制输入频率的选择。
MMDS输入50被适配成由MMDS天线52接收MMDS(多点多分布系统)，通过频率敏感的MMDS解调器54处理分离的声频和视频信号到基带用以进入MMDS处理器56。解调器54最好被适配成接收2.4GHz和22GHz波段中的MMDS信号，与协议和格式无关，利用一个与NTSC,PAL和SECAM兼容的调谐器进行。解调器54处理分离的声频和视频信号到基带用以进入DSS处理器56，处理此信号供切换。输入频率选择由用户发送的命令控制，通过通信接口100到服务器6，通过数据总线A控制交叉点矩阵开关7来进行。
MPEG输入60被适配成通过由解调器64处理的MPEG解码器接收MPEG信号，解调器处理分离的声频和视频信号到基带用以进入到MPEG处理器66。解调器64最好被适配成接收在1,2或4，例如来自视频服务器或视频库的MPEG信号。解调器64与协议和格式无关，并具有与NTSC,PAL和SECAM兼容的调谐器。解调器64处理分离的声频和视频信号到基带用以进入MPEG处理器66，处理该信号供切换。输入选择由用户发送的命令控制，通过通信接口100到服务器6，通过数据总线A控制交叉点矩阵开关7来进行。
图形输入70被适配从视频源，例如由解调器74处理的电视游戏服务器72接收分量视频信号，作为对于组合变换器的一种VGA或计算机产生的视频和声频信号。文本，图形用户界面导航屏幕和电视游戏被分离成声频和视频基带信号用以进入图形处理器76，处理该信号供切换。输入选择由用户发送的命令控制，通过通信接口100到服务器6，通过数据总线A控制交叉点矩阵开关7来进行。
因特网输入80被适配成从计算机82接收分量视频信号供解调器84处理，作为对组合变换器的VGA或计算机产生的视频和声频信号。因特网浏览器和通信并不受协议或结构的限制。因特网处理器86处理该信号供切换。导航由用户发送的命令控制，通过通信接口100到服务器6，通过数据总线A控制交叉点矩阵开关7来进行。
闭路输入90被适配成从闭路摄象机92，例如保安摄象机接收分量视频信号，供解调器94处理，作为对组合变换器的VGA或计算机产生的视频和声频信号。闭路处理器96处理此信号供切换。不同摄象机之间的切换由用户发送的命令控制，通过通信接口100到服务器6，通过数据总线控制交叉点矩阵开关7来进行。
服务器6最好是一种开放结构，平台独立和可升级的计算机，具有最低限度486微处理器。服务器6控制来自通信接口100的上游数据和所有的已解调输入，并如下描述的那样管理数据库，提供记账，开账单，跟踪查账和编程过程。服务器6提供通信口，用于ISDN，光纤，卫星，PSTN，模拟和数字输入-输出设备和/或任何其他所希望的附件。服务器也起着路由器的作用，控制和传送通过总线A,B和C的信息。
解调器数据总线B将所有的解调器和解码器互联并接合到服务器6。总线B不受协议，速度，频率，形式因素或格式的限制。
处理器16,26,36,46,56,66,76,86和96将它们各自的输入信号处理成这样一种格式，能够被交叉点矩阵开关7切换并利用非屏蔽的双扭铜电缆传送到通信接口100。处理器16,26,36,46,56,66,76,86和96每一个将信号阻抗与输出阻抗匹配；提升已解调信号的基带(例如到300KHz)；均衡高频成分(例如，3dB)和增加色度等级；并增加已解调信号的峰峰电压(Vpp)，处理器16,26,36,46,56,66,76,86和96也变换和解释由交叉点矩阵开关7从通信接口100接收到的上游控制信号并将控制信号通过数据总线B传送到服务器6。
交叉点矩阵开关7是一种非闭锁的，多对1的开关，并不受规模，带宽，速度，形式因素，协议，结构或格式的限制。由处理器16,26,36,46,56,66,76,86和96接收到并由此输出的控制信号被传送到服务器6，控制交叉点矩阵开关7并将所选的输入传送到交叉点矩阵开关7的输出供传回到通信接口100。提供分离的交叉点矩阵开关7并由安装在多用户场所内各个单元中的每个通信接口100专用。
处理器数据总线C将所有处理器16,26,36,46,56,66,76,86和96互联并接合到服务器/路由器6。总线C不受协议，速度，频率，形式因素或格式的限制。
数据总线A将每个交叉点矩阵开关7与服务器/路由器6互联。总线A不受协议，速度，频率，形式因素或格式的限制。交叉点矩阵开关7被连到一种标准的或是定做的电话或绞合的电缆接头方框5。典型情况下采用Bix型和no.66，可是接头方框5的配置并不影响本发明的工作。接头方框5将交叉点矩阵开关7的输出传递到现有电话系统或PSTN的铜线对(红-绿)上。接头方框5也可供类型5或10基线T电缆使用。
再分配器8也可包HDTV处理器144，用于处理由天线，卫星盘形天线或其他合适的接收机142在HDTV输入140上接收到的HDTV信号。HDTV处理器144被直接连到服务器6，控制信道选择并通过高速数据路由器或集线器150传送HDTV信号，集线器分配利用同轴电缆或多用户场所内类型5或6的电缆(10基线T)网来自服务器6的HDTV信号。PSTN线路没有能力也发送HDTV信号，因此需要同轴电缆或类型5或6的电缆将来自服务器6的HDTV输出直接连到接收机2。如果类型5或6的电缆(典型情况下有四对)被采用，HDTV信号只需要两对，两对未用的类型5或6的电缆可被连到PSTN电缆接头方框5，如图中所示，以便利用类型5或6的电缆中未用的对有效地组合电话线路(红/绿和黄/黑)。
另外，电影存储数据库146可直接连到服务器6，根据由用户通过电影子菜单接入的目录，对由用户输入的控制信号作出响应，控制电影的选择。
由再分配器8输出的声频/视频信号，利用PSTN中未用的线，典型情况下是黑/黄，被传送到各个单元中的通信接口100。PSTN不受电压或频率限制，可以最小的信号损失在相当大的距离上传送全带宽的声频/视频信号。
在图3中所示的通信接口100上，从再分配器8接收被修改的信号组合并由分离器102分离成单独的声频和视频信号。在优选实施方案中。视频信号范围从DC到4.5MHz,NTSC,PAL或SECAM。声频是一种副载波，范围在(但并不限于)4.6到5.0MHz，最好在4.7MHz附近。
分离器102的输出被分别送入声频和视频解调器104,106。分离器102的视频输出最好是在75到100ohm的阻抗上，取决于线路条件和再分配器8中的视频调制器的设置，将补偿任何的失配损失和共模抑制。利用由再分配器8控制的水平同步衰减器和放大器削去H同步和彩色脉冲串峰值可对视频信号整形，以便调节对接收机2的同步电平，使得非法的视频记录被阻止(典型的电视接收机能够利用少到15个同步单元锁定电视信号，因而录象带记录器一般需要最少25个同步单元有效地锁定输入信号)。
作为选项，可在通信接口100中提供信号对噪声的检测器，如果信噪比降低到阈值电平以下，就发信号给再分配器8，以便提升声频/视频输出电平。这使再分配器8能够补偿在各个不同单元中电缆接头方框5和通信接口100之间的电话电缆的不同长度(例如，顶层的公寓要比位于相同的多用户场所的底层公寓承受较少的来自装在房顶的再分配器8的信号衰减)也考虑一种用于测试由系统所用的各种信号的系统分析器可直接插入通信接口100中的RJ11口，并可直接与服务器6通信用于记录系统分析结果。
然后视频解调器104将被整形的电视信号变换成标准的1Vpp的组合电视信号进入调制器110。解调器104也滤去共模抑制和其他的射频及电磁干扰。调制器110利用通常的NTSC,PAL和SECAM调制技术将视频信号调制到一个所选的信道，例如信道3。调制器110最好是一种带有锯齿的锁相环和在1GHz带宽的频谱内频率敏感。通信接口100可由用户操作的开关(未示出)提供，用于选择信道3或4，这对于家用电视接收机是标准的。
调制器110的输出被直接连到接收设备2。在优选实施方案中，接收设备2是一台电视机，然而，它可以是录象机，立体声接收机，或任何其他能够接收声频/视频信号的设备。
声频副载波信号从分离器102的输出接收到并由声频解调器104解调(立体声在单声道上进行)成大约(但并不限于)20Hz到20KHz频率范围的一个公共的声频基带信号，其阻抗可以从75变化到600ohm，用于进入调制器110和可选择直接送入声频输出。解调器140也滤去射频和电磁干扰。
数据调制器120发送指令从接口上游到再分配器8，从多个接口之一接收可变的数据流，这些接口中最好包括一个光接口，例如红外接收机122，包括一个光接收器，接收来自一个公共的手持IR遥控设备123。遥控设备123被用于输入数字信息，控制信号输入选择和信道选择，其中输入信号包括多信道(例如CATV电视信号)。IR接收机122可被装入通信接口100，或者可以远距离连线到通信接口，被安装在一个方便的位置上，例如在电视接收机2上。在优选实施方案中，遥控设备123将直接通过电视接收机IR的遥控系统控制电视接收机2的电源，静单和音量，和图象/声音设置。利用遥控设备123，根据由用户输入红外接收机122的控制信号，利用有效的(环路和接头)PSTN线路发送到再分配器，由再分配器8控制所有其他的选择。
通信接口100也可包括一个数据口124，用于接合其他类型的数据输入设备，例如键盘，鼠标，跟踪板和/或操纵杆，条形码和/或刷卡阅读器，和任何其他数据输入设备，便于输入字母数字信息供交互作用。数据口124并不受协议，标准，速度，钟或电压的限制。
数据调制器120最好也是电感方式或直接电容方式耦合到PSTN电话接合点，如在132。公共的PSTN没有什么协调地被直接传送到用户，所以电话，传真和因特网的功能全部正常地动作。调制器的方案是依据上游数据的要求选择的。FSK已被发现工作得很合宜。频率带宽是可变的和频率分配是灵活的。频率在160到190KHz范围内已被证明是有效的，并不干扰电话信号(典型值在300Hz到1.5KHz的范围内)。数据调制器120并入高和低通滤波器，可以工作在从300到30，000bps的数据速率范围内，或者按需要而定。通信接口100的电路可被编程在ASIC或类似的硬件中。
网卡132能够与任何未用的双扭线接合，不管是包括在电话电缆线束中还是分离的类型5的电缆。网卡并不限于IEEE10基线T标准，虽然这种协议是优选的。网卡132提供一种可选的接口，用于连接客户或服务器计算机到本发明的系统。任何微处理器基的计算机134可被连到网卡132并可包括外围设备，如打印机，扫描器，调制解调器等。网卡132可被方便地用在较新的多用户场所，在其中现有的电话线，典型情况下在PSTN电缆中至少提供叁对双扭线(通常在4和8对之间)。
在该最佳实施方案中，利用这些上游设备输入到通信接口100的信息被利用电话电缆的红/绿线对传送到再分配器8，该电话线是用于电话服务的环路和接头线路。这些控制信号最好在具有频率近似150KHz的数据载波中发送。控制信号的内容是足够的少以致需要非常少的带宽，该信号最好被滤波，以便不干扰电话服务。环路/接头双扭线可用于为通信接口100提供电源，或者如果从电话服务可得到的电源不够的话，通信接口100可直接从再分配器8中的变压器(未示出)供电，随同视频信号在黄/黑双扭线上输出DC信号。
利用遥控设备123的交互作用允许用户利用这样一些服务，如购物，银行和电子商务，游戏等，这些目前在因特网上是可得到的。也应该可能在黄/黑PSTN线上发送声频/视频信号而不干扰输入的视频信号。这将提高交互作用的水平，允许象电视会议那样复杂的数据交换功能。
在该最佳实施方案中，利用频分多路复用或正交的频分多路复用建立了多种载波，如下：DC到4.5MHz用于视频数据信号；4.55MHz用于串行声频(BTSC立体声声频)信号；8.5到12MHz用于高速数据信号；和12到13MHz用于话音数据。较高频率的载波要经受由于衰减，电磁和射频干扰引起的较高损耗，所以在本实施方案中，话音载波最好被限制在窄的带宽内以便使损耗为最小。其他的频段可被选择，因为可能对于各种可用的调制技术是适合的。通常在AC电源线上使用的扩谱传输方法也可用于提供信号，供额外的话音和数据线，打印机口，每次使用付款的软件等。
为了安装本发明的系统，再分配器8被安放在多用户场所，靠近在场所上电话线的公共分配点。例如，这可以是在商用办公大楼，公寓建筑或医院中的主电话屏，在居住的邻近地区中的一个局部的回路分配盒，等。交叉点矩阵开关7的输出被连到PSTN黄/黑线对，或任何其他的在PSTN电缆中未用的双扭线，用于传送被选的输入信号到通信接口100。交叉点矩阵开关7的输入被连到PSTN电缆中的红/绿线对(或等效的环路和接头导线)，用于从通信接口100传送控制信号到再分配器8。
一个或多个通信接口100被安装在场所内的各个单元中，每个通信接口100提供至少一个遥控接口，如光接口122，连到红/绿PSTN，和一个用于连到接收设备2的输出，如通常的750ohm同轴电缆连接器，连到黄/黑PSTN。网卡132被可供选择地连到PSTN电缆中的第二未用的线对，用于接合个人计算机，微计算机或计算机网134。
本系统由服务提供者管理，他或者可以支付各种输入信号提供者(在其中输入信号是一种基于收费的服务)和对各个单元收取使用本系统的费用，或者对各个单元开账单用以直接支付给信号提供者。服务器6保持一个数据库，通过它由多用户场所中的用户输入的所有输入信号和信道选择被跟踪和记录以供开账单。这种信息也可由信号提供者用于产生观察装置和其他统计的和有关的信息。服务提供者可以通过一种加在服务器6中的信号，在任何时候加入或替换程序到任何进行中的信号中，例如商业消息，紧急广播，等。
服务提供者也可将电话服务与其他服务捆梆，例如通过一个专用口转售长途电话服务。单根双扭电话电缆能够传送多条话音和数据线，并可服务许多线和在单元中的分机。转售方案可包括每次使用电话付款服务和任何电话转售方案。
在该最佳实施方案中，用于通信接口100的盖板提供接触开关，当盖板被移去时开关断开，提供即时的指示，指明系统正在被瞎弄，要防止盗窃信号服务的企图。
在使用中，接收设备2，最好是一种通常的电视接收机，被保持在信道3或4上，由用户选择设备。当电视接收机2被接通时，再分配器的缺省状态或者是主菜单，或者是由特定用户选择的上次的输入信号。对于优选实施方案主菜单的一个例子示于图4中。每个菜单选项提供一种相应的数字选择参数，由用户通过遥控设备23选择。用户通过将相应的数字选择输入遥控设备123选择他们对输入信号的选择。数字选择由光接口122接收，相应的控制信号被利用红/绿PSTN发送到再分配器8，并通过交叉点矩阵7发送到服务器6。
所选的菜单选项可提供任何数量的子菜单级。例如，如果通过输入数字“1”选取“电视”选项，服务器6可切换到一个子菜单，提供选项，“1-off-Air”,“2-CATV”,“3-HDTV”和“4-DSS”。利用相同的遥控设备123，用户选择对应于所希望的选择的数字值，并且被提示输入信道号，主菜单，子菜单和提示消息由存放在服务器6的通常的浏览器软件产生。可选的选项也可放入输入视频信号的垂直回扫熄灭间隔中，当信息(例如网址URL)被显示在电视接收机2上时，通过按压在遥控设备123上的“热键”可以接入。
服务器6通过数据总线A发信号给交叉点矩阵开关7，将被选的输入信号连到矩阵开关90的输出，并且输入信号在黄/黑(或其他未用的)PSTN上被传送到通信接口。如果输入信号包含多信道，例如在电视信号的情况下，服务器6控制相应的解调器14,24或34中的调谐器，以便通过所选的信道。所选的输入信号可被调制到信道3或4并通过通常的同轴或其他的两导线电缆3传送到各个单元，以便在用户的电视接收机2上接收。另一种方案是，可以提供一个口，用于直接连接分量视频和声频信号到电视接收机，以便在“电视”模式中观看，这可免去对于通信接口100中输出调制器110的需要。
考虑多用户场所内单独单元的数量来选择服务器6的容量。服务器6为每个单独的单元提供一个分离的交叉点矩阵开关7，因此可以独立地发送输入信号到每个单元，不管在其他单元中用户所选的输入信号如何。输入信号的可能选择只受接收任何特定格式信号的再分配器8容量的限制。在一个单独单元拥有一台以上电视机2，电话电缆含有额外的双扭线的场合，再分配器8可为该单元内的每台电视机2装备一个分离的矩阵开关7。因此，一条8对双扭线的电缆可支持最多一个单元中的四台分离的电视接收机2，每台电视接收机利用一对线供输入和输出声频/视频信号，另一对线用于传送控制信号到再分配器8。通过分配标识符号码到一个单元内的每个通信接口100，并利用环路/接头电话线对发送控制信号到用于单元中所有电视接收机2的再分配器8；再分配器8接收标识符号码并沿着与被如此识别的特定通信接口100有关的双扭线传送声频/视频信号，这种容量可被更进一步增加。
因为在一个单独的单元中的电话线对于该特定的单元起着一个公共分配点的作用，本发明的一种被缩减的实施方案可被用于允许控制由该单元中电视接收机2接收到的信号。例如，再分配器8可以接收通过同轴电缆和300ohm线路发送到该单元的空中，闭路和CATV信号，并且当用以上指明的方式连到电话线时，电视接收机2可被远距离切换，从一种信号输入到另一种。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，利用单对电话线在再分配器8和接收机2之间进行通信。在这种实施方案中，建筑物接地导线被用作再分配和命令信号导线的公共地线。在本实施方案中，被再分配的信号被利用地线和环路/接头导线对中的一条线，例如环路导线发送到接收机，和命令信号被利用地线及环路/接头线对中的另一条线，在本例中是接头导线发送到再分配器8。利用一个运算放大器抵消由建筑物供电导线产生的任何60HzAC信号交流声，通过DC恢复可以补偿地电位差。这种实施方案便于应用在较老的建筑物中，在这些场所可能只有单对现有的电话线，因此避免为了实施本发明的系统需要安装新的线路。
已通过最佳实施方案的举例描述了本发明，对于本领域的技术人员将明白，可做某些修改和改进而并不偏离在所附的权利要求中提出的本发明的范围。

Claims (20)

1．一种用于在导线上再分配多种声频/视频信号到多种通信接口的系统，包括：
服务器，
用于接收多种输入信号的再分配器，对于每种输入信号包括，用于解调该信号的解调器，对输入到通信接口的一种或多种控制信号作出响应，控制输入信号对输出信道选择的服务器，
对于每个通信接口，一种开关设备用于传送信道选择到再分配器的一个输出，开并设备由服务器控制，对输入到通信接口的一种或多种控制信号作出响应，和对于每个已解调的输入信号，一个处理器用于处理该信号供切换，
其中通信接口接收再分配器的输出，用以传送到连接通信接口的接收单元。
2．如权利要求1的系统，其中输入信号是以不同的信号格式。
3．如权利要求1的系统，其中该处理器将已解调的输入信号的阻抗与再分配器的输出阻抗相匹配，提升已解调输入信号的基带，均衡高频成分，增加已解调输入信号的色度等级，和增加已解调输入信号的峰-峰电压。
4．如权利要求1的系统，其中将再分配器的输出在电话线的一条未用的双扭线上传送到通信接口。
5．如权利要求4的系统，其中将一种或多种控制信号在电话线的一条双扭线上传送到再分配器。
6．如权利要求5的系统，其中传送一种或多种控制信号到再分配器的双扭线传送电话信号。
7．如权利要求1的系统，其中该通信接口包括一个光接口，用于从红外遥控设备接收一种或多种控制信号。
8．如权利要求1的系统，其中该通信接口包括一个数据接口，用于从键盘，操纵杆，卡片阅读器，条形码阅读器或其他的数据提供设备接收数据。
9．如权利要求1的系统，其中该通信接口包括一个网络接口，用于在电话线中第二对未用的双扭线上从计算机传送数据到再分配器。
10．如权利要求1的系统，其中该通信接口将再分配器的输出调制到接收设备的所选信道。
11．一种在导线上再分配多种声频/视频信号到多种通信接口的方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)接收在信号再分配器上的多种输入信号，
(b)解调每种输入信号，
(c)将每种输入信号处理成适合于切换的一种格式，
(d)依据输入到通信接口的一种或多种控制信号切换再分配器的输出，和
(e)将再分配器的输出传送到通信接口，
其中再分配器的输出由通信接口接收，用于传送到接收设备。
12．如权利要求11的方法，其中输入信号以不同的信号格式。
13．如权利要求11的方法，其中将每种输入信号处理成适合于切换的一种格式的步骤包括：将已解调输入信号的阻抗与再分配器的输出阻抗相匹配，提升已解调输入信号的基带，均衡高频成分，增加已解调输入信号的色度等级，和增加已解调输入信号的峰-峰电压。
14．如权利要求11的方法，包括在电话线的一对未用的双扭线上传送再分配器的输出到通信接口的步骤。
15．如权利要求14的方法，包括在电话线的一对双扭线上传送一种或多种控制信号到再分配器的步骤。
16．如权利要求15的方法，其中传送一种或多种控制信号到再分配器的双扭线传送电话信号。
17．如权利要求11的方法，其中该通信接口包括一个光接口，用于从红外遥控设备接收一种或多种控制信号。
18．如权利要求11的方法，其中该通信接口包括一个数据接口，用于从键盘，操纵杆，卡片阅读器，条形码阅读器或其他数据提供设备接收数据。
19．如权利要求11的方法，其中该通信接口包括一个网络接口，用于在电话线中的第二对未用的双扭线上从计算机传送数据到再分配器。
20．如权利要求11的方法，包括将再分配器的输出调制到接收设备的所选信道的步骤。
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