CN1320112A - 6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1320112A
CN1320112A CN99811353A CN99811353A CN1320112A CN 1320112 A CN1320112 A CN 1320112A CN 99811353 A CN99811353 A CN 99811353A CN 99811353 A CN99811353 A CN 99811353A CN 1320112 A CN1320112 A CN 1320112A
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J·施勒尔
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Lonza AG
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    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/333Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C67/343Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms

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Abstract

本发明涉及式Ⅰ的6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯的制备方法,其中使乙酰乙酸烷基酯双阴离子与醛反应。式Ⅰ的6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯是制备HMG-CoA-还原酶抑制剂的重要合成结构单元。

Description

6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯的制备方法
本发明涉及一种用式Ⅰ表示的6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯的制备方法
Figure A9981135300031
式中R1和R2相同或不同,且为C1-6烷基。
上述的化合物是制备许多HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的重要合成结构单元(WO-A 92/10503)。
按照WO-A 92/10503,这些化合物通过乙酸酯与γ-二烷氧基-β-羟基酯的反应制得。然而,这种合成方法的缺点是难于获得后一种原料,因此是昂贵的。
本发明的目的是开发一种上述合成结构单元的更简单和更经济的制备方法。
这种目的可由权利要求1所述的方法来达到。
本发明方法包括式Ⅱ的乙酰乙酸烷基酯
Figure A9981135300032
式中R1的定义同上,在碱的存在下与式Ⅲ的醛反应,
Figure A9981135300033
式中R2的定义同上。
下文中,C1-6烷基理解为含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,即甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基及其异构体、己基及其异构体。优选的是上述的C1-4烷基。
本发明方法的优点是式Ⅱ的乙酰乙酸烷基酯是工业上可得到的。
式Ⅱ的乙酰乙酸酯通过双烯酮与合适的醇反应制得。式Ⅱ的乙酰乙酸酯也可由双烯酮现场制得。优选的式Ⅱ乙酰乙酸酯是甲酯、乙酯、正丙酯、异丙酯、正丁酯、异丁酯和叔丁酯,特别优选的是叔丁酯。
式Ⅲ的醛一般是市售的。优选的式Ⅲ醛是1,1-二甲基缩乙二醛。
本发明的方法较好在基本上不含水的有机溶剂中进行。合适的溶剂是醚如四氢呋喃、二噁烷、乙醚、叔丁基·甲基醚等,芳族化合物如苯或甲苯,或烃如己烷以及上述溶剂的混合物。
反应温度一般选择在-80℃至130℃,较好为-40℃至20℃。
使用有助于形成式Ⅱ的乙酰乙酸烷基酯双阴离子的碱。原则上,可直接用强碱(如丁基锂、甲基锂、苯基锂或氨基钠、二异丙基氨基锂或六甲基二硅氨烷基锂(lithium hexamethyldisilazane))形成双阴离子。
一般使用两步法,即先用较弱和廉价的碱使-CH2-基团脱质子,然后仅在第二步中用上述的强碱形成双阴离子。合适的较弱碱是金属氢化物,如碱金属氢化物或碱土金属氢化物,较好是氢化钠,但也可以是与乙酰乙酸酯形成烯胺(阴离子等当物)的仲胺(较好是吡咯烷)。在后一种情况下,双阴离子可理解为相应烯胺的阴离子。
所需的6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯可用本领域中熟练技术人员熟知的方法制得,如通过中和反应混合物,然后用合适的溶剂进行萃取。
实施例
实施例1
6,6-二甲氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸叔丁酯的制备
0℃时,先将悬浮在50毫升四氢呋喃中的0.88克(22毫摩尔)氢化钠(55-60%矿物油悬浮液)加入一个250毫升圆底烧瓶中。然后用注射器将3.16克(20毫摩尔)乙酰乙酸叔丁酯加入到氢化钠的悬浮液,历时5-10分钟(冒出氢气)。继续搅拌5分钟后,向0℃的反应混合物中滴加13.1毫升正丁基锂溶液(1.6M己烷溶液),历时10分钟左右。继续搅拌1小时左右,然后向该反应混合物中滴加5.7克(22毫摩尔)1,1-二甲基缩乙二醛溶液,历时5分钟。0℃下继续搅拌3小时。0℃时,用5毫升浓盐酸猝灭反应(>pH8)。混合物用30水毫升稀释,用乙醚萃取二次,每次50毫升。浓缩有机相得到的粗产物用色谱柱提纯。这样分离得到所需的化合物,为稍有粘性的淡黄色油状物(产率为11%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):
                    1.47(s,9H)
                    2.73(dd,1H),
                    2.75(宽单峰,1H),
                    2.82(dd,1H),
                    3.41(s,2H),
                    3.44(s,3H),
                    3.45(s,3H),
                    4.13(m,1H),
                    4.25(d,1H),
实施例2:
6,6-二甲氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代己酸叔丁酯的制备
0℃下先将悬浮于400毫升四氢呋喃中的6.6克(165毫摩尔)氢化钠(55-60%矿物油悬浮液)加入一个1000毫升有双层夹套的烧瓶中。然后用滴液漏斗向该氢化钠悬浮液中加入23.75克(150毫摩尔)乙酰乙酸叔丁酯,历时15分钟(有氢气冒出)。继续搅拌60分钟,然后在0℃下向该反应混合物中滴加100毫升正丁基锂溶液(1.6M己烷溶液,160毫摩尔),历时40分钟。继续搅拌25分钟左右,然后向该反应混合物中滴加34.7克(150毫摩尔)1,1-二甲基缩乙二醛(45%TBME溶液),历时30分钟。0℃下继续搅拌20分钟,20℃下搅拌1小时。0℃时,用37毫升浓盐酸和250毫升水猝灭反应(>pH8)。用乙醚萃取二次,每次250毫升。浓缩有机相得到的粗产物用色谱柱提纯。这样分离得到纯的所需化合物。
(产率:17.3克,44%)
实施例3
3-N-吡咯烷基-2-丁烯酸叔丁酯的制备
将乙酰乙酸叔丁酯(7.91克,50毫摩尔)的甲苯(50毫升)溶液与3.75克吡咯烷(52.5毫摩尔)混合,用水分离器回流1.5小时。这时已分离掉理论量的水。浓缩反应混合物后可得到烯胺。产率基本上为定量。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):
                  1.46(s,9H)
                  1.91(m,4H),
                  2.43(s,3H),
                  3.27(宽单峰,4H),
                  4.41(s,1H)。

Claims (5)

1.式Ⅰ的6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯的制备方法,
Figure A9981135300021
式中R1和R2是相同或不同的,且为C1-6烷基,其特征在于在碱的存在下式Ⅱ的乙酰乙酸烷基酯
Figure A9981135300022
式中R1的定义同上,与式Ⅲ的醛反应,式中R2的定义同上。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的反应在基本上不含水的有机溶剂中进行。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述的反应在-80℃至130℃进行。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于使用能形成式Ⅱ的乙酰乙酸烷基酯双阴离子的碱。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于先用较弱的碱在式Ⅱ的乙酰乙酸烷基酯的-CH2-官能团上脱质子或通过形成烯胺来形成相应的阴离子等当物,然后马上用较强的碱形成双阴离子。
CNB998113530A 1998-09-25 1999-09-23 6,6-二烷氧基-5-羟基-3-氧代-己酸酯的制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1209339C (zh)

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