CN1310824C - 用于装料柱的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于装料柱的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1310824C
CN1310824C CNB028244141A CN02824414A CN1310824C CN 1310824 C CN1310824 C CN 1310824C CN B028244141 A CNB028244141 A CN B028244141A CN 02824414 A CN02824414 A CN 02824414A CN 1310824 C CN1310824 C CN 1310824C
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charging
post
pipeline
petroleum products
feeding
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CN1599694A (zh
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佩尔·洛特
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Knutsen OAS Shipping AS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/04—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/28—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of chutes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/04—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
    • B67D7/0476—Vapour recovery systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/78—Arrangements of storage tanks, reservoirs or pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D9/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/038—Treating the boil-off by recovery with expanding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2087—Means to cause rotational flow of fluid [e.g., vortex generator]
    • Y10T137/2109—By tangential input to axial output [e.g., vortex amplifier]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86292—System with plural openings, one a gas vent or access opening
    • Y10T137/86324—Tank with gas vent and inlet or outlet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86348—Tank with internally extending flow guide, pipe or conduit
    • Y10T137/86372—Inlet internally extending

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

在将基本为液态的石油产品经过装料管线(6)装进储存罐和/或运输罐(2)的过程中，减少挥发性有机化合物(VOC)或其他气体蒸发的一种方法及设备，其中石油产品通过横截面积比装料管线(6)横截面积大得多的装料柱(8)导入储存罐/运输罐。

Description

用于装料柱的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及减少装罐过程中从石油尤其是原油中分离出的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的方法，例如从码头、产品平台或浮动装料设备装船的过程。本发明也包括实施该方法的设备。该设备也用于减少单组分如丙烷、丁烷、乙烷和液化天然气充装时气体的蒸发。
背景技术
原油由各种在一定的温度和一定的压力下稳定的组分组成。如果条件变化，要么压力降低要么温度升高，部分挥发性组分就会分离出来，变为气体。这些组分由挥发性有机化合物如甲烷、丙烷、丁烷和乙烷组成，称为VOC。与本申请的设备不同，现有系统基于使用一种处理易蒸发尾气的工艺设备来处理已经分离的气体。由于它通过控制压力和温度再将气体变回液体，使得装置复杂，能耗大。
众所周知，将石油产品通过泵装入大罐时，有较大量的挥发性有机化合物蒸发。正常情况下，储存罐和运输罐的压力维持在约1.05-1.07bar。在装料如装入油轮时，通常从储存罐经过装料管线，用泵将石油产品打入油轮上方位置，从这里再通过伸到油罐底部的滴流管线(下流管)送进油罐。这种滴流管线的长度为几十米量级。
当石油产品流进滴流管线的上端时，重力作用使液体加速流下滴流管线，由此在装料管线和滴流管线的上部形成较低的静压。在这些管线中，静压低于蒸汽压，挥发性有机化合物的蒸发明显，只有小部分在油罐压力恢复正常后冷凝回液态。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术的不足，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种在将基本为液态的石油产品经过装料管线装进储存罐和/或运输罐的过程中，减少挥发性有机化合物(VOC)或其他气体蒸发的方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种在将基本为液态的石油产品装进储存罐和/或运输罐的过程中，减少挥发性有机化合物(VOC)蒸发的设备。
本发明通过以下技术措施实现上述第一个发明目的：在将基本为液态的石油产品经过装料管线装进储存罐和/或运输罐的过程中，减少挥发性有机化合物(VOC)或其他气体蒸发的方法，其中，石油产品通过横截面积比装料管线横截面积大得多的装料柱送入储存/运输罐。
本发明的另一个目的通过以下技术措施来实现：一种在将基本为液态的石油产品装进储存罐和/或运输罐的过程中，减少挥发性有机化合物(VOC)蒸发的设备，该设备的装料管线卸料进入装料柱，其中装料柱的横截面积比装料管线的横截面积大得多。
实验表明，如果进来的流体进入位于储存/运输罐中或与之相连的合适的中空柱，气体从流体中蒸发就会得到较大程度的减少。
中空柱的形式为垂直的装料柱，优选地，其上端有切向入口，下端有切向开口。流体流进后，从开口放至储存/运输罐的底部或管线输送系统，开口浸没在储存/运输罐的液体中，不会使流体产生任何明显的负压。
流进的流体从装料柱上端入口滴流到其底部，或者可能滴流到储存/运输罐中流体液面，此时流进的流体中气体开始最初的蒸发。在使用的装料柱中，流进的流体不会受到类似于流下滴流管线时的静态压降作用，而这在现有技术中是常见的。在相对较短的流入时间后，装料柱中气氛被流进的流体中已蒸发的气体饱和，之后进一步的蒸发几乎不存在。
所谓Froude系数来源于开口管道的液压理论。Froude系数β是无量纲的，定义为惯性力与流体重力之比：
F = V / g h m
其中V为流体速度，m/s，g为地心引力，m/s2，hm为液压平均深度。
将公式中液压深度hm用装料柱直径D替换，得到的表达式被证明有利于选择合适的装料柱直径。
开展的研发工作表明，当表达式 F = V / gD 的值小于0.45。为0.31时，柱中压力达到平衡。其值小于0.18时效果最好。
这样，装料柱直径主要与流入流体的流速有关。
有利地，装料柱上端优选地通过至少一个减压阀与充满的储存/运输罐或其它罐连接。这样，装料柱中压力过高或过低可通过气体在装料柱和相应罐之间流动而排放或达到平衡。
有利地，装料柱开口根据已知的流体流动规律设计，以确保为层流，也使开口在少量流体充进储存/运输罐后被流进的流体浸没。
本发明的方法和设备也适合用于船和其它大罐中基本为液体的石油产品的装载。
附图说明
下面描述优选设备和方法的非限制性实施例，结合附图进行说明，其中：
图1示意显示部分装载设备，其中石油产品用泵打进船上装有装料柱的罐子中。标有箭头的螺旋线表示装料柱中石油产品的流动路线，标有箭头的椭圆表示装料柱中气体的可能流动途径。
具体实施方式
附图中，参考号1表示带运输油罐2的船。不装货时船在水4中的位置较高。石油产品从泵站(未标)通过装料管线6，切向进入装料柱8的上端10。装料柱8的横截面积比装料管线6大得多。装料管线6的形式如管线、软管或其它合适的中空管。
在优选的实施方案中，装料柱8构成船1上运输罐2的一部分，呈圆柱形大容器，其上端部10装有盖子12，下端部14装有向运输罐2卸料的开口16。
装料柱8的上端部10通过支管线18和20以及阀22和24与运输罐2连接和相通。减压阀22设计为在设定的压差下允许流体从装料柱8流向油罐2，而减压阀24设计为在设定的压差下允许流体从油罐2流向装料柱8。
含有相对挥发性组分的石油产品通过装料管线6泵入装料柱8的上端部10，由于装料管线6与装料柱8切向相连，于是石油产品以螺旋流动形式通过装料柱8。图1中，用带箭头的螺旋线表示这种流动。
然后，石油产品经过装料柱8下端部14的开口16流出，开口16位于运输罐2底部附近。为阻止在开口16处形成涡流，在开口16附近安装这种设备。有利地，开口16的设计要使它在少量石油产品17泵入运输罐2后浸没其中。
在刚开始泵入石油产品时，石油产品中一些挥发性强的组分在石油产品流过装料柱8时蒸发。当小量的石油产品泵入后，装料柱中气氛被挥发性气体饱和，气体从石油产品中进一步的蒸发基本停止。
可以想象，装料时装料柱中气体是运动的。图1中带箭头的椭圆标明可能的流动途径。
本发明的最佳效果并不取决于与装料柱8切向方式相连的装料管线6，但是实验表明这种几何结构最好。

Claims (7)

1.一种在将基本为液态的石油产品经过装料管线(6)装进储存罐和/或运输罐(2)的过程中，减少挥发性有机化合物(VOC)或其他气体蒸发的方法，其特征是石油产品通过横截面积比装料管线(6)横截面积大得多的装料柱(8)送入储存/运输罐。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是石油产品切向导入装料柱(8)中。
3.一种在将基本为液态的石油产品装进储存罐和/或运输罐的过程中，减少挥发性有机化合物(VOC)蒸发的设备，其特征是装料管线(6)卸料进入装料柱(8)，其中装料柱(8)的横截面积比装料管线(6)的横截面积大得多。
4.按权利要求3所述设备，其特征是装料管线(6)与装料柱(8)以切向的方式连接。
5.按权利要求3或4所述的设备，其特征是装料柱(8)位于运输/储存罐(2)中。
6.按权利要求5所述的设备，其特征是装料柱(8)在运输/储存罐(2)底部附近具有卸料的开口(16)。
7.按权利要求6所述的设备，其特征是装料柱(8)上端部(10)与运输/储存罐(2)以连通的方式连接。
CNB028244141A 2001-12-06 2002-12-05 用于装料柱的方法和设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1310824C (zh)

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ES2405842T3 (es) 2013-06-04
DK1463683T3 (da) 2013-05-21
NO20015963D0 (no) 2001-12-06
US7597115B2 (en) 2009-10-06
US20050039800A1 (en) 2005-02-24
CN1599694A (zh) 2005-03-23
JP2005511425A (ja) 2005-04-28
NO20015963L (no) 2003-06-10
JP4219813B2 (ja) 2009-02-04
AU2002348542A1 (en) 2003-06-17
CY1114216T1 (el) 2016-08-31
WO2003048028A1 (en) 2003-06-12
NO315417B1 (no) 2003-09-01
EP1463683B1 (en) 2013-02-13
KR100603674B1 (ko) 2006-07-20
EP1463683A1 (en) 2004-10-06

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