CN1310323A - 氧的生产方法 - Google Patents

氧的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1310323A
CN1310323A CN01103754A CN01103754A CN1310323A CN 1310323 A CN1310323 A CN 1310323A CN 01103754 A CN01103754 A CN 01103754A CN 01103754 A CN01103754 A CN 01103754A CN 1310323 A CN1310323 A CN 1310323A
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oxygen
heat exchanger
pressure
production method
plate
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CN1165737C (zh
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三浦真一
田中正幸
野一色公二
那谷修平
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Abstract

在一种生产氧的方法中,将液体氧从空气分离装置的精馏柱中取出,并通过泵进行压缩使其压力超过临界压力。然后,将氧送入热交换器并在其中加热,使氧的温度超过临界温度。

Description

氧的生产方法
本发明是关于一种氧气的生产方法，在其中是通过压缩和加热由冷冻精馏等所得到的液体氧来生产高压氧气。
在典型的高压氧的生产方法中，首先得到低压氧，然后使用氧气压缩机进行压缩。
然而，用这种方法，存在安全上的危险性，这是因为压缩产生的热会增加氧的温度而使氧与压缩机材料之间的反应性增强。此外，维修费用以及设备费用升高。
另一方面，为避免这种情况，己知还有另一种方法，其中是将用空气分离装置得到的液体氧进行压缩，然后通过热交换器进行加热。
通常，在这种方法中，液体氧是通过泵来压缩，然后用热流通过交换热进行蒸发，例如，用压缩原料空气，在镀青铜铝板-叶片热交换器中蒸发，这种方法在下述中被称为传统压缩方法。
镀青铜铝板-叶片热交换器提供了优良的热传导性，并可用于多种流动。此外，这种设备相对于其加热面积体积较小，价钱便宜。因而，镀青铜铝板-叶片热交换器是传统压缩方法中所用硬件的关键装置。
然而，镀青铜铝板-叶片热交换器由于其镀青铜构造而不足以抗耐循环应力。从保护镀青铜铝板-叶片热交换器的观点考虑，必须减少其中产生的应力量。因而，镀青铜铝板-叶片热交换器未能用于制取高压氧的过程中。
因而，当需要高压氧时，是使用传统的压缩方法来增加氧的压力高至3.5MPa，并通过氧气压缩机进行进一步压缩。
这样作的结果，在热交换器中所产生的应力量减少了；然而由于使用了氧气压缩机，上述安全危险和高费用问题仍然存在。因而，尚需要解决这些问题。发明概述
因而，本发明的目的是提供一种氧的生产方法，其中使用了传统的压缩方法，该方法的优点是成本费用较低，并且在热交换机中所发生的热应力减少了，这样氧的压力可安全地增加到所需水平高度。
根据本发明生产氧的方法，对液体氧进行压缩使其压力超过临界压力，然后驱使进入板-片式热交换器作为冷流。液体氧在板-片式热交换器中受到加热，使其温度超过临界温度，然后从板-片式热交换器中取出。
按照这种制法，标示出富氧液体的液体氧的压力被增加到超过临界力(5.043MPa)。液体氧然后被导入板-片式热交换中，该热交换器可以是一种镀青铜铝板-叶片热交换器，在其中它温度增加到超过临界温度。因而，在加热过程中氧变成一种超临界流体，并且氧的相变化在热交换器中不会发生。
为了参照图2更具体地描述这种情况，当其压力低于临界压力的冷流A受到加热时，便出现流体A蒸发而其温度由于潜热不发生大的变化的状态。
反之，当压力高于临界压力的冷流B受到加热时，不会出现沸点和潜热，这样流体B变为超临界流体。在超临界流体中，没有蒸发，因而不会发生相的变化。因而，冷流B的温度会随着与热流的热交换量一道平滑地上升。
在热交换器内部的温度分布图决定于每种流体的温度。如图3所示，当冷流的压力低于临界压力时，在冷流与热流之间的温度差Δt是相当大的。因而，有危险，即在热交换器各组件之间的热收缩量的差别会引起大量的热应力以损坏热交换器。
另一方面，如图4所示，在压力高于临界压力的流体的情况下，在冷流与热流之间的温差Δt相当小，因而热应力也相当小。因此，即使是强度相对弱的热交换器，也可以使用。
因而，费用较低的传统式压缩方法还可使用，而同时热交换器，例如镀青铜铝板-叶片热交换器的安全性也可得到保证，并仍能得到所需要的高压氧。
尤其当液体氧的压力高于8.049MPa时，这种压力已远远超过了临界压力，仍能实现稳定的操作，因为操作压力高于系统中的压力损失。因而，超临界流体更加稳定，这样使热交换器中减低的应力效应得到增强。
在热交换器中氧的流速，优选不超过5米/秒，这是保证安全的标准流速(最低限度为0.5米/秒)。这样，氧的热交换可安全地进行。
此外，在热交换器中在热流与冷流间的温差应优选不大小于20℃。这样，便可减少在热交换器中应力的产生。
如上所述，通过在热交换器中的相改变便不会引起热应力。因此，即使当由于，例如，在白天和夜间的氧流速率的差别而造成负荷变化，然而热交换器还可足以抗耐其中发生的应力。
因而，即使在发生相对高程度负荷变化的条件下，热交换器还能安全地连续操作。将经历压缩和加热处理的液态氧可通过空气分离装置得到。在这样的情况下，在空气分离装置中进行一种处理过程(增加内部压力过程)便可得到高压氧，以此无需附加设备。因而，设备的费用可以降低，并且可以更高的效率和更低的成本费用来生产氧。
在空气分离装置中作为原材料所需要的原料空气应优选压缩，使其压力超过临界压力。此外，在压力和原料空气流速之间的平衡，最好在使用之前予以调节。因而，在其压力高于临界压力的原料空气与冷流间的温差可以极低。因此局部应力量也可以极低。
附图简述：
图1是本发明的空气分离装置的流程路线图。
图2是热交换器温度与压力间关系的作图。
图3是热交换器中各流体间温度与热功效之间的关系示意图，其中冷流的压力低于临界压力。
图4是热交换器中各流体间温度与热功效之间的关系示意图，其中冷流的压力高于临界压力。
图5是具体说明各流体间温度与热功效之间的关系图，其中氧的压力为0.61MPa。
图6是具体说明各流体间温差与热功效之间的关系图，其中氧的压力为0.61MPa。
图7是具体说明各流体间温度与热功效之间的关系图，其中氧的压力为8.14MPa。
图8是具体说明各流体间温差与热功效之间的关系图，其中氧的压力为8.14MPa。
优选实施方案的描述：
图1是表示本发明一实施方案的过程流程图。
在本实施例中，在空气分离装置中进行的过程之一中(增加内部压力过程)，制得了高压氧。
首先，将空气分离装置的全貌构造和操作说明如下。
通过原料空气过滤器1过滤后的原料空气，在原料空气压缩机2中给予压缩，使其压力增加到所需值，并在一个预冷却器3中冷却。将各种杂质例如水分等在吸附器4中除去，然后将原料空气送入主热交换器5中，该热交换器装设在一个冷箱中。一个再生气体加热器6也设置于空气分离装置中。
通过主热交换器5将原料空气的温度大约降低至其露点。然后将原料空气送入一个精馏柱7的高压柱(下部柱)8，在其中原料空气向上流动，同时与液体回流接触，使其中的氮浓度增加。因而将含有少量氧的氮气从高压柱8的上部取出并送入主冷凝器9，在其中进行氮气和液氧间的热交换。在此热交换过程中氮气便冷凝下来，并再供入高压柱的上部作为液体回流。
在高压柱8的上部部分液氮从其中取出，并减压和送入低压柱10。
同样，将在高压柱8下部分中的液体空气取出，被超冷却，然后减压并送入低压柱10。
在低压柱10中，进行与在高压柱8中同样的精馏，其中上部为富含氮的，下部分为富含氧的成分。
在低压柱10的上部分中得到的氮为气相状态，它被供送至主热交换器5的低温一侧。氮在主热交换器5中被加热，使其温度增加到大气温度并将其取出作为产品氮气。
下一步，将对氧的生产过程说明如下，该过程是在空气分离装置中进行各过程工艺之一。
将上述精馏过程中得到的氧从低压柱10的下部分以液体状态(富含氧的液体)取出。然后，将液体氧用泵12加压，使其压力超过5.043MPa，这为临界压力，然后送入氧热交换器13，它是一种镀青铜的铝板-叶片热交换器。
将一部分原料空气通过增压压缩机14进行压缩，使其压力增加到预定值，并被传送至氧热交换器13作为热流。此时，原料空气的压力被设定于一适当值用于在氧热交换器13中进行热交换，该压力优选高于临界压力。然后，在原料空气与高压氧之间进行热交换，其中压力增加到超过如上述的临界压力。
在此热交换过程中，高压氧的温度被增加到超过临界温度，从而使氧变为一种超临界流体，相应地，将高压氧从氧热交换器13中排出作为高压氧产品。
如上所述，将从精馏塔7中得到的液体氧的压力增加到超过临界压力，然后将其温度在氧热交换器中升高，以使氧变为超临界流体。这样，在氧热交换器13中不会发生氧的相变化。
因而，由于氧的相改变引起的应力变化，也不会在氧热交换器13中发生。这样，氧热交换器13可足以抗耐由于其它原因，例如在白日和夜里的流速差别，所引起的应力变化。
下面将更详细地说明温度与热功效间的关系，这种关系已表示于图3和图4中。
根据发明人所进行的实验，当压力低于临界压力(0.61MPa)的液体氧存在时，则在冷流(以三角为标记)和热流(以圆圈为标记)间的温差便相当大，如图5和图6所示。在此情况下，最大温差为40℃。
反之，当使用压力高于临界压力(8.14MPa)的液体氧时，最大温差为12℃，如图7和图8所示。因而这种温差与在使用低压氧情况下相比，大约为其温差的三分之一。

Claims (8)

1．一种氧的生产方法，其特征在于包含如下一些步骤：
压缩液体氧使液体氧的压力超过临界压力；
将压缩后的液体氧供送入板-片式热交换器中作为冷流；及
在所述的板-片式热交换器中加热所送入的液体氧使氧的温度超过临界温度，并从所述的板-片式热交换器中取出氧。
2．如权利要求1所述的一种氧的生产方法，其特征在于所述的板-片式热交换器是一种镀青铜的铝板-叶片式热交换器。
3．如权利要求1和权利要求2之一所述的一种氧的生产方法，其特征在于将在空气分离装置的精馏柱中得到的液体氧从精馏柱中取出并压缩，使液体氧的压力超过临界压力。
4．如权利要求1所述的氧的生产方法，其特征在于将液体氧进行压缩，使液体氧的压力为8.049MPa或更高。
5．如权利要求1所述的氧的生产方法，其特征在于在所述板-片式热交换器中氧的流动速率范围为0.5米/秒至5米/秒。
6．如权利要求1所述的氧的生产方法，其特征在于在所述板-片式热交换器中的热流与冷流间的温差不大于20℃。
7．如权利要求1所述的氧的生产方法，其特征在于在所述板-片式热交换器中供给压缩液体氧的步骤是在负荷变化的条件下进行的。
8．如权利要求1所述的氧的生产方法，其特征在于将压力超过临界压力的空气用作热流，将它供送入所述的板-片式热交换器中。
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