CN1229185A - 利用废气膨胀来压缩生产气流的升压空气分离法 - Google Patents

利用废气膨胀来压缩生产气流的升压空气分离法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1229185A
CN1229185A CN99101343A CN99101343A CN1229185A CN 1229185 A CN1229185 A CN 1229185A CN 99101343 A CN99101343 A CN 99101343A CN 99101343 A CN99101343 A CN 99101343A CN 1229185 A CN1229185 A CN 1229185A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
oxygen
nitrogen
air
pressure
rough
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN99101343A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Z·T·菲德科斯基
D·M·赫伦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Original Assignee
Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Products and Chemicals Inc filed Critical Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Publication of CN1229185A publication Critical patent/CN1229185A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04103—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression using solely hydrostatic liquid head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04036—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04066—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F25J3/04315—Lowest pressure or impure nitrogen, so-called waste nitrogen expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
    • F25J3/04581—Hot gas expansion of indirect heated nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/52—One fluid being oxygen enriched compared to air, e.g. "crude oxygen"

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及升压空气分离低温工艺过程,其中原料空气经压缩、除去水分和二氧化碳、并经主换热器冷却到低温,被送入至少具有两(2)个蒸馏塔的蒸馏塔系统中,分离为富氮制品、富氧制品和废气流,其特征在于,至少一部分废气流被(等熵)膨胀作功,此功至少可为在高于主换热器冷端的温度下压缩除废气流以外的过程气流提供所需的一部分功。被压缩的另外的过程气流可以是原料空气、富氧制品或富氮制品中的至少一部分。

Description

利用废气膨胀来压缩生产 气流的升压空气分离法
在工业中，例如在碳质化合物气化应用的工业中，升压低温空气分离装置已广为人知。在升压装置中，压力最低的蒸馏塔仍在比环境压力高的压力下运转。其结果是，所有的气体产物都是在升高的压力下离开蒸馏系统的。除氮、氧、氩以外，空气分离装置的普通产物之一就是用来再生前端吸附床的废气流。废气流系产自以最低压力(仍高于环境压力)运转的蒸馏塔。由于废气流最终是要排入大气的，因而它的压力不需要比大气压力高出很多。本发明的目的是要提供出利用废气中所含的多余压力能的有效方法。
有人曾对单塔装置或单产品装置从废气中回收多余的压能作过尝试。单塔空气分离装置的回收率很低，因而它们产生的废气量较大。另外，在设计用来例如在氮气发生器中只回收一种空气组分的单塔或多塔装置中，所产生的废气量也是较大的。利用废气中所含的多余压能的显而易见的方式是将废气流在涡轮机中膨胀而产生外功。这一过程还可提供出低温装置运转所需的冷量。带有废气膨胀机(expander)的单塔或多塔氮气发生器的例子在某些专利和其它出版物中已有描述，如美国专利4,439,220、4,448,595、4,453,957、4,927,441以及5,098,457。在这些专利中没有说明，由废气膨胀机所作的外功是否已被用某种方式回收。
在废气膨胀机中所产生的外功可以热的形式耗散于环境中。这样做太无效益，但当膨胀机功率很小以及当功率回收的利益抵不上回收系统如发电机的基本投资时，还得这样做。在此情况下，膨胀机的唯一目的是为工厂提供所需的冷却。
利用发电机虽比耗散功率效益好些，但它并没有提供出最大可能的效益，一方面是因为在发电机中存在着热力学损失，另一方面，这一方法也没能实现把该功率加载到过程压缩机(压膨机)(compander)上去的潜在协合热力效益。
废气膨胀机所产生的功率至少可部分地用来在压膨机中压缩另一种过程气流。这一方法适用于美国专利4,966,002和5,385,024中所描述的单塔氮气发生器。在这些循环中，一部分富氧废气流被膨胀用来压缩另一部分再循环返回蒸馏系统的同样的废气流。由于压缩是在低温下进行的，从而绝对压缩功率并不高，但所需的额外冷量却大大增加了。因此，废气膨胀机所产生的外功率只是在联带的压膨机中部分地被回收，而很大部分的这一功率却耗散掉了。
生产氮气和氧气的、由两个或两个以上蒸馏塔组成的循环通常具有很高的回收率，而废气流是比较小的。如果是在低温下膨胀的，则从系统的冷侧所取出的功率只是给工厂提供了所需的冷量(具体结果还取决于压力比)。由于膨胀机温度低以及废气流量小，通常单靠这一功率是不足以用来在实践中压缩任何别的过程气流的。如果过程气流是在低温下被压缩，即冷压缩，该循环所需的增大了的冷量，是不能单靠废气膨胀机来满足的。在热压缩的情况下，冷量需求并不增大，但冷膨胀的功率绝对值换算到工厂热端时往往是不太大的。这或许就是为什么回收废气膨胀机功率来压缩过程气流这一概念，迄今未能在多塔系统中得到广泛应用的理由。但在美国专利4,072,023和欧洲专利EP-0,384,483中已描述了两个例外。
在EP-0,384,483中，一部分废气流被膨胀来产生所需要的冷量。同时，该膨胀功在压膨压缩机(compander compressor)中被用来热压缩同一废气流的另一部分。由于膨胀功率如上所述是不大的，因此在压膨机之外还不得不使用外加的压缩机。
Springmann的美国专利4,072,023描述了一种空气分离工艺，它由反向换热器和双塔系统组成。在空气分离中已有人把反向换热器用来净化原料气流以除去高沸点组分(如水蒸气和二氧化碳)，它是借助于在换热器流道中冻结这些组分来实现的。Springmann专程地讲明，要利用多余的冷量来冷压缩适当的过程气流，这种过程气流应是其温度不比主换热器冷侧温度高的气流。
众所周知，升压循环中的废气流可被加热到很高的温度，并可被膨胀来产生电功率。热气膨胀的缺点是整个热膨胀和功率发生系统的投资费太高。
空气分离装置的规模现不断加大，而大装置的废气流率(以及全部的其它流率)的绝对值也很高。因此，废气流和其它过程气流的压力能完全能够给工厂提供出比需要更多的冷量。这一多余的冷量可被用来液化空气分离产品(美国专利5,165,245)或被用来减小主换热器的尺寸(美国专利5,146,756)。
本发明涉及升压空气分离的低温工艺过程，其中原料空气是经压缩过、经处理除去水分和二氧化碳、并经在具有冷端和热端的主换热器中冷却到低温的空气，它被送入至少具有两(2)个蒸馏塔的蒸馏塔系统中，用来分离为至少三种产物，即富氮制品、富氧制品和废气流，该工艺过程的特征在于，至少有一部分所说的废气流被(等熵)膨胀作功，而膨胀所作的功至少可为在高于主换热器冷端的温度下压缩除废气流以外的一种过程气流提供其所需的一部分功。
被压缩的另外的过程气流可以是：至少一部分原料空气、至少一部分富氧制品和至少一部分富氮制品。
本发明特别适合于这样的工艺过程配置，即蒸馏塔系统具有两(2)个热整体的塔：一个高压塔和一个低压塔；其中被冷却并处理过的原料空气进入高压塔，并被分离为富氮塔顶蒸气和粗制液氧，其中，一部分富氮塔顶蒸气借助于与低压塔底部的富氧液体的热交换而冷凝，从而使低压塔沸腾，并产生出第一冷凝氮流；其中，至少有一部分冷凝氮流作为回流液返回到高压塔；同时发生下列两(2)组步骤中的一组步骤：(a)一部分富氮蒸气或是从高压塔的塔顶或是塔顶以下某个位置被抽出，等熵膨胀，并在从高压塔底部抽出的至少一部分粗制液氧的作用下被冷凝，从而产生出第二冷凝氮流和粗制氧蒸气流；至少有一部分第二冷凝氮流、粗制液氧和粗制氧蒸气流被送入低压塔的适当位置，以使分离为富氧的塔底蒸气和低压的富氮塔顶蒸气；或者是(b)一部分富氮蒸气或是从高压塔的塔顶或是塔顶以下某个位置被抽出，并在至少一部分从高压塔塔底抽出的粗制液氧的作用下被冷凝，从而形成第二冷凝氮流和粗制氧蒸气流；其中，粗制氧蒸气流被等熵膨胀；其中，至少有一部分第二冷凝氮流、粗制液氧和已膨胀的粗制氧蒸气流被送入低压塔的适当位置，以使分离为富氧的塔底和低压的富氮塔顶蒸气。
图1～8为本发明几个实施方案的简图。
本发明为一种升压空气分离低温工艺过程，其中原料空气是经压缩过、清除过水和二氧化碳、并在具有冷端和热端的主换热器中冷却至低温的空气，并被送入包括有两(2)个或两个以上蒸馏塔的蒸馏塔系统中，并被分离为至少三种产物，即富氮制品、富氧制品和废气流，同时，至少有一部分这种废气流被从高压膨胀，而该膨胀所得的能量可为在高于主换热器冷端的温度下，压缩除该废气流以外的任何过程气流提供其所需功的至少一部分功。
在以下的讨论中，术语“热”意指环境温度或高于环境温度，术语“低温”意指主换热器冷端的温度。
本发明的想法在图1中显示得很清晰。空气分离装置的蒸馏塔系统101由至少两个蒸馏塔组成。废气流103从蒸馏塔系统出来后在膨胀机105中被膨胀。所产生的膨胀功107在压膨压缩机109中被用来压缩过程气流111。替代的办法是还可给压缩机109提供额外的能量，例如使用辅助电动机，但图中没有画出。在图中未示出的是为该工厂提供必需冷量可能使用的装置。冷量可由废气膨胀机105来提供。它可借助于往环境中耗散一部分膨胀功或将此功转换为电能来实现。更优选的是，可借助于膨胀其它过程气流来提供至少一部分冷量。
本发明的一个实施例示于图2，图中由主换热器201出来的废气流203在涡轮机205中被膨胀，用以在压膨压缩机209中压缩一部分原料空气流209。在从蒸馏塔系统中抽出液体形式氧制品的循环中，压缩一部分原料空气流是有利的。氧液流的压力是利用泵或静压头来增高的。最终该液氧制品在一部分输入空气流的作用下被气化。这一部分空气流需要进一步压缩，以使其能适应于氧的气化，而费用便宜的压缩途径就是利用图2中所示的压膨压缩机209。
上述实施例的一个改变方案示于图3，其中的废气流在膨胀前在换热器304中被预热。这一改变方案可使得从废气膨胀中产生出更多的能量，从而增大输送给压缩机209的功率。在换热器304中可使用任何适当的物流来给废气流加热，例如蒸气，热油、烟气或已燃废气，或者从过程压缩机排出的气流。
图4示出另一个实施例，其中与图2所示的情形相反，它的膨胀和压缩是在比环境温度低、比低温高的某些中间温度下进行的。废气流403在主换热器201中只是部分地变热，而一部分空气流207在被压膨压缩机409压缩前则部分地变冷。
图5示出另一个实施例，其中废气流403在主换热器201中被部分地变热，然后在涡轮机405中膨胀，所作的功被用来在压膨压缩机505中压缩气态氧制品流503。气态氧流503是借助于在主换热器中对液氧流501进行首次气化而获得的。
在图6中，废气流603被在涡轮膨胀机605中膨胀，所作的功被用来在压膨压缩机623中压缩至少一部分氮制品621。图6中所示的膨胀和压缩是在等于或高于环境温度下进行的，但这些过程可在低温和高于环境温度之间的任何温度下进行。如果需要的话，被压缩的氮可在被泵出的液氧作用下冷凝，而冷凝出来的液氮可被返回到蒸馏塔系统中，以提供额外的回流液体。替代的办法是，氧制品可以被压缩。
具体说，当用于图7所示的工艺流程图时，本发明会特别有用。原料空气在管道701中被引入，在主空气压缩机703中被压缩，在换热器705中在外来冷却液的作用下被冷却，优选在分子筛吸附单元707中被除去水分和二氧化碳，并被分为三股气流709、711和719。
气流709可提供任何需用的干空气制品流，例如，可提供所谓的仪表气源。
气流711在主换热器713中被冷却至低温，并作为原料空气715被引入高压蒸馏塔717中。
气流719在压膨压缩机721内被进一步压缩、在换热器723内在外来冷却流体作用下被冷却、并在主换热器713中在气化的液氧作用下被液化。液化空气(液流725)通过管道727被引入高压塔717中，或者通过管道729、过冷器731和管道733被引入低压塔735中。也可以在将液流727引入高压塔717的同时，也将第二部分(液流729、733)引入低压塔735中。
高压蒸馏塔717可在70～300磅/平方英寸的压力范围内运转，优选为120～250磅/平方英寸。在高压蒸馏塔717中，原料空气流715和727被精馏为高压塔顶氮气737和粗制液氧761。
管道739中的一部分高压塔顶氮蒸气在再沸冷凝器(reboilercondenser)741中被冷凝，而另一部分在管道743中的高压塔顶氮蒸气则被从塔中抽出。至少一部分743气流在管道745中被导向涡轮膨胀机747，在此，其压力被降低，同时产生外功，以此为工厂提供所需的冷量。气流745在膨胀前可例如在主换热器713中先部分地加温，但图中未示。通过涡轮膨胀机后的氮气经管道749随后在换热器751中在管道767中的一部分粗制液氧的作用下被液化，在换热器731中被过冷，在通过JT阀后被降压并作为回流液通过管道755被引入低压塔735。
如果所要求的氮制品的压力和纯度与高压塔顶氮气的压力和纯度相似，则另一部分气流743即被通过管道757抽出，在主换热器中加温，并通过管道759输出。
管道761中的粗制液氧在换热器731中被过冷，并被分为765和767两部分。管道765中的液体通过JT阀后被降压并被送入低压塔735。管道767中的液体通过JT阀后被降压，并在换热器751中在膨胀的氮气749的作用下被气化，并在适当位置上、优选为在输气管765下方被导入低压蒸馏塔735中。
低压蒸馏塔735可在22～150磅/平方英寸的压力下运转，优选为40～100磅/平方英寸。输入低压塔的气源(气流733、765和769)被分离为管道771中的低压氮制品和管道793中的液氧。氮制品771可含有低于5摩尔百分数(5mol％)的氧，通常少于2摩尔百分数(2mol％)的氧。液氧793可含有大于75mol％的氧，通常大于94摩尔百分数(90mol％)的氧。
液氧793被用泵795泵至高压，并在换热器713中沸腾。沸腾后的气流797可在压缩机798中附加压缩。
氮制品771在换热器731和713中被加温，并可用压缩机779附加压缩成气流781。
废气流783可作为氮制品的一部分，如图7中所示那样被抽出。另外，特别是当要求氮的纯度较高时，废气流可从低于塔顶的位置从低压蒸馏塔抽出。该废气流在换热器713中被加温，并在涡轮膨胀机787中被膨胀。在涡轮膨胀机787中所产生的功被压缩机721利用。如果要求氧的压力较高，也可在管道719上压缩机721前面加一台辅助的增压压缩机。
图7所示循环过程的模拟结果示于表1。
                                   表1
液气流    流量g-mole/s     温度K     压力kPa      N2摩尔份数      Ar摩尔份数      O2摩尔份数
  701    5389     308.2     100     0.7812    0.0093    0.2095
  711    4205     314.3     1327     0.7812    0.0093    0.2095
  719    1105     314.3     1327     0.7812    0.0093    0.2095
  727    301     108.5     1307     0.7812    0.0093    0.2095
  729    817     108.5     1307     0.7812    0.0093    0.2095
  761    2817     112.4     1306     0.6506    0.0144    0.3350
  765    1374     106.8     1306     0.6506    0.0144    0.3350
  767    1443     106.8     1306     0.6506    0.0144    0.3350
  745    1687     107.7     1270     0.9991    0.0009    1.0E-5
  749    1687     102.3     904     0.9991    0.0009    1.0E-5
  759    2     303.3     1249     0.9991    0.0009    1.0E-5
  777    3662     303.3     374     0.9854    0.0028    0.0118
  781    3662     308.7     2286     0.9854    0.0028    0.0118
  785    528     303.3     394     0.9854    0.0028    0.0118
  789    528     229.8     128     0.9854    0.0028    0.0118
  791    528     303.3     114     0.9854    0.0028    0.0118
  793    1118     106.2     434     0.0156    0.0336    0.9508
  797    1118     303.3     730     0.0156    0.0336    0.9508
  799    1118     308.7     7764     0.0156    0.0336    0.9508
为了显示利用废气流压缩其它过程气流的好处，考虑了一个类似的循环过程，其中是把废气膨胀机的功率用来发电，而不是用来压缩过程气流。该循环过程与图7所示的基本相同，不同之处只是既没有空气增压机(721)，也没有二次冷却器(723)，而代之以可用一台发电机来消耗膨胀机787所作的功。增压机和二次冷却器的费用大体上与发电机的费用相当。但在制品规格(流量、纯度和压力)相同的情况下，氧压缩机的入口压力(气流797)却要低得多，是491千帕，而用废气压膨(compand)一部分空气流时为730千帕。这样，对不用废气、空气压膨机的循环过程来说，就要求使用大得多(也昂贵得多)的氧压缩机。另外不用压膨机的工厂的总功率(约79MW)也要比图7所示循环过程的功率(约78MW)大1兆瓦(1MW)。
也可使用图7的一个变通方案。在此方案中，从高压塔底部出来的全部粗制液氧流都毫无气化地被送入低压塔中。在换热器751处，在低压塔的中部高度上使用一个中间再沸/冷凝器。在此，从膨胀机747出来的膨胀氮气流749就在该中间再沸冷凝器中由与低压塔中部高度上的液体发生潜热交换而冷凝。冷凝的液氮流在与图7相似的状态下进行处理。
本发明当用于图8所示的循环过程中时也是特别有用的。该过程与图7所示过程的最大区别在于，它没有氮气膨胀机747。因此，氮气是在高压下在冷凝器751中被冷凝，形成高压富氧蒸气769，该蒸气随后在涡轮膨胀机801中膨胀，并通过管道803被输入低压塔735。富氧蒸气还可在膨胀前部分地加温，例如在主换热器713中进行，图中未示。图8还说明废气流785是怎样可以在膨胀机787中膨胀以前被预热(在换热器886中)的。
本发明使用多塔式蒸馏塔系统。因此，本发明区别于现有技术之处在于，在废气膨胀机中所产生的功系被用来压缩过程气流，这就使得有可能或是节约功率或是节约投资，或者两方面都节约。在优选的运转模式中，废气流的膨胀是在接近环境温度或高于环境温度的温度下进行，而过程气流的压缩是在环境温度下进行。
虽然本发明这里是参照某些具体实施方案来说明和描述的，但是，本发明不应被限制于所示出的细节。相反地，在权利要求的等同物的范围内，在不脱离本发明的精神的条件下，可对细节作各种各样的变更。

Claims (7)

1.一种升压空气分离低温工艺过程，其中原料空气是经压缩过、经处理除去水分和二氧化碳、并经在具有冷端和热端的主换热器中冷却到低温的空气，并被送入蒸馏塔系统中，该系统至少具有两(2)个蒸馏塔，它被用来分离为至少三种产物，即富氮制品、富氧制品和废气流，该工艺过程的特征在于，至少有一部分废气流被膨胀，而膨胀所作的功至少可在高于主换热器冷端的温度下，为压缩除废气流以外的一种过程气流提供其所需的一部分功。
2.权利要求1的工艺过程，其中被膨胀功所压缩的过程气流是原料空气的至少一部分。
3.权利要求1的工艺过程，其中被膨胀功所压缩的过程气流是富氧制品的至少一部分。
4.权利要求1的工艺过程，其中被膨胀功所压缩的过程气流是富氮制品的至少一部分。
5.权利要求1的工艺过程，其中蒸馏塔系统具有两(2)个热整体的塔：一个高压塔和一个低压塔；其中被冷却并处理过的原料空气进入高压塔并被分离为富氮塔顶蒸气和粗制液氧，其中，一部分富氮塔顶蒸气借助于与低压塔塔底的富氧液体的热交换而冷凝，从而使低压塔沸腾，并产生出第一冷凝氮流；其中，至少有一部分冷凝氮流作为回流液被返回到高压塔；其中一部分富氮蒸气或是从高压塔的塔顶或是塔顶以下某个位置被抽出，被等熵膨胀，并在至少一部分从高压塔底部抽出的粗制液氧的作用下被冷凝，从而产生出第二冷凝氮流和粗制氧蒸气流；其中至少有一部分第二冷凝氮流、粗制液氧和粗制氧蒸气流被送入低压塔的适当位置，以使分离为富氧的底层和低压的富氮塔顶蒸气。
6.权利要求1的工艺过程，其中蒸馏塔系统具有两(2)个热整体的塔：一个高压塔和一个低压塔；其中被冷却并处理过的原料空气进入高压塔并被分离为富氮塔顶蒸气和粗制液氧，其中，一部分富氮塔顶蒸气由于与低压塔塔底的富氧液体的热交换而冷凝，从而使低压塔沸腾，并产生出第一冷凝氮流；其中，至少有一部分冷凝氮流作为回流液被返回到高压塔；其中一部分富氮蒸气或是从高压塔的塔顶或是塔顶以下某个位置被抽出，并在至少一部分从高压塔塔底抽出的粗制液氧的作用下被冷凝，从而形成第二冷凝氮流和粗制氧蒸气流；其中，粗制氧蒸气流被等熵膨胀；其中，至少有一部分第二冷凝氮流、粗制液氧和已膨胀的粗制氧蒸气流被送入低压塔的适当位置，以使分离为富氧的塔底和低压的富氮塔顶蒸气。
7.权利要求1的工艺过程，其中被膨胀的那部分生产废气流，在膨胀前借助于与另一种过程气流的热交换而加热到高于环境的温度。
CN99101343A 1998-01-22 1999-01-21 利用废气膨胀来压缩生产气流的升压空气分离法 Pending CN1229185A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/012,093 US6009723A (en) 1998-01-22 1998-01-22 Elevated pressure air separation process with use of waste expansion for compression of a process stream
US09/012,093 1998-01-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1229185A true CN1229185A (zh) 1999-09-22

Family

ID=21753362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN99101343A Pending CN1229185A (zh) 1998-01-22 1999-01-21 利用废气膨胀来压缩生产气流的升压空气分离法

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6009723A (zh)
EP (1) EP0932003A3 (zh)
JP (1) JP3063030B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1229185A (zh)
CA (1) CA2259066C (zh)
ZA (1) ZA99400B (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102047057A (zh) * 2008-05-07 2011-05-04 普莱克斯技术有限公司 分离空气的方法和设备
CN102741636A (zh) * 2009-08-11 2012-10-17 林德股份公司 用于通过低温分离空气产生气态氧加压产品的方法和设备

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1067345B1 (de) * 1999-07-05 2004-06-16 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
US6295840B1 (en) 2000-11-15 2001-10-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Pressurized liquid cryogen process
FR2864213A1 (fr) * 2003-12-17 2005-06-24 Air Liquide Procede et installation de production sous forme gazeuse et sous haute pression d'au moins un fluide choisi parmi l'oxygene, l'argon et l'azote par distillation cryogenique de l'air
EP1582830A1 (en) * 2004-03-29 2005-10-05 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process and apparatus for the cryogenic separation of air
EP1767884A1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2007-03-28 L'Air Liquide Société Anon. à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Process and apparatus for the separation of air by cryogenic distillation
DE102006012241A1 (de) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
EP1972875A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-24 L'AIR LIQUIDE, S.A. pour l'étude et l'exploitation des procédés Georges Claude Process and apparatus for the separation of air by cryogenic distillation
US8065879B2 (en) 2007-07-19 2011-11-29 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Thermal integration of oxygen plants
US20130000351A1 (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Air Liquide Process & Construction, Inc. Production Of High-Pressure Gaseous Nitrogen
US9097459B2 (en) * 2011-08-17 2015-08-04 Air Liquide Process & Construction, Inc. Production of high-pressure gaseous nitrogen
DE102011113262A1 (de) * 2011-09-13 2013-03-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Drucksauerstoff durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
US20130086941A1 (en) * 2011-10-07 2013-04-11 Henry Edward Howard Air separation method and apparatus
CN108507228A (zh) * 2017-02-28 2018-09-07 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 一种用于冷热电联供的电能替代方法及冷热电联供系统
EP4121638A4 (en) * 2020-03-19 2024-04-03 Kellogg Brown & Root LLC POWER INCREASE FOR GAS TURBINE
US11959701B2 (en) 2022-07-28 2024-04-16 Praxair Technology, Inc. Air separation unit and method for production of high purity nitrogen product using a distillation column system with an intermediate pressure kettle column
US12055345B2 (en) 2022-07-28 2024-08-06 Praxair Technology, Inc. Air separation unit and method for production of nitrogen and argon using a distillation column system with an intermediate pressure kettle column

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2544340A1 (de) * 1975-10-03 1977-04-14 Linde Ag Verfahren zur luftzerlegung
US4439220A (en) * 1982-12-02 1984-03-27 Union Carbide Corporation Dual column high pressure nitrogen process
US4448595A (en) * 1982-12-02 1984-05-15 Union Carbide Corporation Split column multiple condenser-reboiler air separation process
US4453957A (en) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-12 Union Carbide Corporation Double column multiple condenser-reboiler high pressure nitrogen process
US4796431A (en) * 1986-07-15 1989-01-10 Erickson Donald C Nitrogen partial expansion refrigeration for cryogenic air separation
FR2612220A1 (fr) * 1987-03-13 1988-09-16 Materiel Voirie Sa Balai pour engin de nettoyage de la voirie
US4854954A (en) * 1988-05-17 1989-08-08 Erickson Donald C Rectifier liquid generated intermediate reflux for subambient cascades
EP0383994A3 (de) * 1989-02-23 1990-11-07 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Luftzerlegung durch Rektifikation
US4936099A (en) * 1989-05-19 1990-06-26 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Air separation process for the production of oxygen-rich and nitrogen-rich products
US4966002A (en) * 1989-08-11 1990-10-30 The Boc Group, Inc. Process and apparatus for producing nitrogen from air
US4927441A (en) * 1989-10-27 1990-05-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. High pressure nitrogen production cryogenic process
GB9015377D0 (en) * 1990-07-12 1990-08-29 Boc Group Plc Air separation
US5098457A (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-03-24 Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for producing elevated pressure nitrogen
US5165245A (en) * 1991-05-14 1992-11-24 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Elevated pressure air separation cycles with liquid production
US5421166A (en) * 1992-02-18 1995-06-06 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Integrated air separation plant-integrated gasification combined cycle power generator
US5222365A (en) * 1992-02-24 1993-06-29 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system for producing high pressure nitrogen product
US5263327A (en) * 1992-03-26 1993-11-23 Praxair Technology, Inc. High recovery cryogenic rectification system
GB9405071D0 (en) * 1993-07-05 1994-04-27 Boc Group Plc Air separation
US5385024A (en) * 1993-09-29 1995-01-31 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system with improved recovery
GB9623519D0 (en) * 1996-11-11 1997-01-08 Boc Group Plc Air separation
GB9711258D0 (en) * 1997-05-30 1997-07-30 Boc Group Plc Air separation
US5806342A (en) * 1997-10-15 1998-09-15 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system for producing low purity oxygen and high purity oxygen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102047057A (zh) * 2008-05-07 2011-05-04 普莱克斯技术有限公司 分离空气的方法和设备
CN102047057B (zh) * 2008-05-07 2014-04-30 普莱克斯技术有限公司 分离空气的方法和设备
CN102741636A (zh) * 2009-08-11 2012-10-17 林德股份公司 用于通过低温分离空气产生气态氧加压产品的方法和设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2259066A1 (en) 1999-07-22
US6009723A (en) 2000-01-04
JPH11257843A (ja) 1999-09-24
EP0932003A3 (en) 1999-11-17
EP0932003A2 (en) 1999-07-28
CA2259066C (en) 2002-04-02
JP3063030B2 (ja) 2000-07-12
ZA99400B (en) 2000-07-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1229185A (zh) 利用废气膨胀来压缩生产气流的升压空气分离法
US5263328A (en) Process for low-temperature air fractionation
CN1119606C (zh) 制备氧的有效方法
US5596885A (en) Process and installation for the production of gaseous oxygen under pressure
US5400600A (en) Process and installation for the production of gaseous oxygen under pressure
JP2865274B2 (ja) 酸素と窒素を気体及び／又は液体製品として同時に製造するための空気の低温蒸留法
US4433989A (en) Air separation with medium pressure enrichment
CN1106563C (zh) 具有热透平循环系统的低温空气分离
CN1239877C (zh) 低温空气分离的三塔系统
US20160025408A1 (en) Air separation method and apparatus
WO2011010630A1 (ja) 空気液化分離方法及び装置
US5428962A (en) Process and installation for the production of at least one gaseous product under pressure and at least one liquid by distillation of air
KR950006409A (ko) 펌핑된 액상 생성물을 기화시키기 위한 저온 정류방법 및 장치
CN110678710B (zh) 用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备
JPH0875349A (ja) ガス状酸素生成物を供給圧力にて得るための空気分離法
US20200149808A1 (en) Air separation method and apparatus
CN1784579A (zh) 通过低温空气蒸馏生产加压空气的方法和系统
EP0425738A1 (en) Process for the production of high pressure nitrogen with split reboil-condensing duty
NO174684B (no) Fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av nitrogen ved destillasjon av luft
CN1058467A (zh) 具有两种进气温度进行透平膨胀的低温空分系统
US7497092B2 (en) Integrated air compression, cooling, and purification unit and process
CN1116582C (zh) 采用温膨胀器和冷膨胀器的空气分离法
CN1092855A (zh) 生产高压及高纯氮气的单塔低温精馏系统
US20160245585A1 (en) System and method for integrated air separation and liquefaction
US5463870A (en) Process and installation for the production of at least one gas from air under pressure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C12 Rejection of a patent application after its publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication