CN1308920C - 带有与返回极靴连接的屏蔽结构的垂直磁记录用的磁头 - Google Patents
带有与返回极靴连接的屏蔽结构的垂直磁记录用的磁头 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一进行垂直记录的磁头，该磁头具有一尾部屏蔽和侧屏蔽，该侧屏蔽利用两铁磁性材料的柱与该返回极靴连接。所述柱平行于轨道方向延伸，并且离该主极靴足够大的距离，以减小从该主极靴至所述柱的磁通量。另外，所述柱可在空气轴承表面后面凹陷。本发明的优选实施例为分离读取头和写入头以进行垂直记录的磁传感器。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于进行垂直记录的薄膜式磁传感器；更具体地说，涉及该传感器的感应式写入头部分；再具体地说，涉及该感应式写入头的极靴的设计。
发明背景
在常规现有技术的磁盘记录系统中，当容纳用于读取和写入磁转变的磁传感器的滑块由一主轴电机带动旋转时，其悬空在该磁盘上。该磁盘包括多个薄膜和至少一个铁磁性薄膜，其中在该铁磁性薄膜上记录(写入)头记录在其中对信息进行了编码的磁转变。在介质中的磁畴可以沿纵向或沿垂直方向写入。利用薄膜处理技术，该滑块的读取头和写入头部分被内置为多层式层中。通常，首先制造读取头，但也可以首先制造写入头。常规的写入头为感应式的。
在采用垂直记录的盘驱动器中，该记录头被设计成在基本垂直于该盘平面的方向上引导磁通通过记录层。通常，用于进行垂直记录的盘具有一硬的磁记录层和一磁性软衬层。在利用单极式记录头进行记录操作过程中，引导磁通从该记录头的主磁极垂直通过该硬的磁记录层，然后进入软衬层的平面，再返回该记录头的返回磁极。该主磁极和任何屏蔽的形状和尺寸是确定轨道宽度的主要因素。
在授予Mallary等人的美国专利RE 33949中，说明了一种用于垂直记录的磁头，该磁头包括与写入极相隔一小间隙的“下游屏蔽”。该结构利用磁通返回部分阻挡大部分下游边缘磁通，从而该磁通返回部分起磁屏蔽的作用。由该磁屏蔽对下游边缘磁通进行的阻挡减小了颠倒或削弱先前记录的信息位的不希望的作用。该屏蔽的空气轴承表面(air-bearing surface，ABS)工作面被设计成该主(写入)极靴的工作面多倍大小，从而在通入下游磁屏蔽中的磁通密度很低并且先前记录的图案没有被颠倒的情况下，从该主磁极尖端部发出的磁通密度足以进行垂直记录。
图1示出用于进行垂直记录的现有技术的磁头26及相应的介质27。该磁头在由M.Mallary，A.Torohi和M.Benakli公布在2002年7月“IEEETransactions on Maguetics”第38卷第4期的文章中作了说明。该磁头26具有一尾部屏蔽极33和侧屏蔽(未示出)。屏蔽36、37位于磁阻传感器35的两侧。该磁头可与一前导磁阻头结构(leading magnetoresistive head structure)一起工作，因为两个扁平线圈35A、35B用于保证读取头屏蔽36与尾部屏蔽磁极33和该介质27的软衬层29具有相同磁动势。磁通通道用线39表示，其示出在ABS处发出磁通的写入极，而该磁通穿过硬的铁磁性记录层28之后在尾部屏蔽极33和读取头屏蔽36之间被分开。这种设计的一个缺点是其需要两个扁平线圈。其还需要一相对较厚的返回极，而该极将必须由高力矩材料制成以获得高写入场(write field)能力；并且需要该元件的喉部高度非常狭窄。该图还示出该设计将造成读取屏蔽的写入干扰。
在2003年5月15日，第93卷第10期的“日本应用物理”杂志上，由Kanai，Mohammed，Matsubara，Muraoka和Nakamura发表的文章“用于1Tb/in2记录的带侧屏蔽的窄轨单极式记录头的数字分析(Numerical Analysisof Narrow-track Single-pole-type Head with side Shields for 1 Tb/in2recording)”中说明了带侧屏蔽的垂直记录头。两个侧屏蔽均从ABS上开始，并以小距离(小于喉部高度)延伸进入该记录头中。作者报告，通过减小轨道外磁场，带侧屏蔽的记录头的有限元模拟显示出了显著的改善，其使得可在更窄的轨道上写入。在俯视图中，垂直于该ABS，该屏蔽随着更接近主极靴而呈锥度。换句话说，离轨道的中心越远，该侧屏蔽越厚。锥形屏蔽的目的是增加轨道上的磁场强度，该强度大于由固定屏蔽的横截面得到的磁场强度。
对于超高密度的磁记录，垂直磁记录优越于纵向磁记录。对更高磁录密度需求的增加已相应地导致增加了对开发减小写入极靴宽度、增大写入场强度以及改善写入场梯度的方法的需求。实验证据和模型表明，尾部屏蔽单极写入头(SPT)设计可达到4～5dB的介质信噪比，这比利用未屏蔽磁极的尾部边缘写入优越，增大了记录头磁场的dHy/dx，减少了部分擦除，并改善了饱和度。这些特征可改善转变的精确度(线性分辨率)并允许更高矫顽磁场介质(改善稳定性)。
发明内容
本发明的一实施例为进行垂直记录的磁头，该磁头具有一尾部屏蔽和侧屏蔽，该侧屏蔽由两个铁磁性材料制成的柱与返回极靴连接。所述柱平行于轨道方向延伸，并且距该主极靴足够大的距离以减小从该主极靴至所述柱的磁通量。另外，所述柱可在该空气轴承表面后凹陷。本发明的优选实施例为带分离读取头和写入头以进行垂直记录的磁传感器。
附图说明
图1为垂直空气轴承表面剖开的用于进行垂直记录的现有技术的记录头和介质的截面示意图。
图2为根据本发明的第一实施例的记录头的ABS的示意图。
图3为沿图2中的II线剖开的该记录头的截面示意图。
图4为用于本发明的第一实施例中使用的尾部屏蔽、侧屏蔽和连接柱的透视图。
图5为用于本发明的第二实施例中的尾部屏蔽、侧屏蔽和连接柱的透视图，其中该连接柱从该空气轴承表面凹陷。
图6为图5中所示的尾部屏蔽、侧屏蔽和连接柱的示意图，其对应于沿图5中的IV线剖开的截面。
图7为沿图2中的III线剖开的该记录头的截面示意图。也示出了记录介质。
图8为在所选高度上由板片布局图(wafer layout view)中示出的布置连接柱的设计规则的示意图。
具体实施方式
图2为根据本发明的第一实施例的磁头20A的ABS的示意图。在此包括的该图和其他图不是按比例作出的，部分地由于较小的零件和间隔将不清楚。如果不是本领域技术人员公知的，则将在相对大小和尺寸重要之处作出标记。图示的ABS不带薄膜保护覆层，而在正常情况下，在生产的磁头中将带有该覆层。在此所用术语ABS表示如图所示的平面，而不考虑是否有覆层。读取传感器35及其屏蔽S1、S2可位于在写入头的任意一侧，即读取头可首先或最后制造。铁磁性轭铁包括主(写入)极靴42和返回极靴43。屏蔽结构40包括尾部屏蔽44和侧屏蔽44A、44B。磁记录介质从该返回极靴43运动至主极靴42，再到该尾部屏蔽，因此标注“尾部”。连接柱45A、45B从该侧屏蔽44A、44B延伸至该返回极靴43。该连接柱与该返回极靴连接的点围绕该磁头的轨道线对称配置，该轨道线为用线III表示的ABS上的中心线。该连接柱从该侧屏蔽44A、44B的外边缘向下延伸至该返回极靴。在本实施例中，连接柱之间的距离大致为横穿轨道方向上的返回极靴长度的25％。屏蔽结构40不伸出连接柱，在本实施例中这就意味着，屏蔽结构相对于该返回极靴较窄，虽然本发明不局限于这个结构。
虽然图中该尾部屏蔽44、侧屏蔽、连接柱45A、45B和返回极靴表示为不同的零件，但它们优选为由相同的铁磁性材料制成，从而可以无缝地结合在一起。所示的连接柱45A、45B为矩形，并且与侧屏蔽相比被设置为离该主极靴基本上更远。柱位置的选择可利用图8来说明，图8与用于图3中的图相同。优选地，每一柱位于一个三角形(ABS)中，该三角形的第一个角A在ABS上的主极靴尖端部的中心。第二个角B位于ABS上，离磁极A的中心大约为该返回磁极宽度的10-50％。第三个角C位于相同的横穿轨道位置，以形成直角CBA，而BC边的长度选择为所包角度BAC小于40°。这个设计规则使该柱(包括尾部屏蔽和柱之间的连接)和主极靴之间的磁阻足够大，以便不过度减小写入场或使该柱饱和。线圈不延伸至ABS并且在该图中未示出，但它被置于该返回极靴43的上面并且在该连接柱45A、45B的后面。
图3为沿图2的II线所取的记录头20A的截面示意图，其表示在所选高度上的板片布局图。只有该主极靴42的一个小尖端部区域出现在ABS上。该主极靴42开始扩宽的点称为喇叭口端点。在该主极靴尖端部附近，正交于ABS测得的(即进入记录头)侧屏蔽44A、44B的厚度优选为小于至该喇叭口端点的距离。优选地，离该主极靴尖端部越远，该侧屏蔽越厚。在图3所示的实施例中，该侧屏蔽的外部(离开尖端部)为梯形，但是本发明并不要求特定的形状。在这个图中未示出该尾部屏蔽44，但优选地其厚度轮廓与该侧屏蔽的相同。
图4为带有图2和图3中所示的本发明的第一实施例中所使用的尾部屏蔽44、侧屏蔽44A、44B和连接柱45A、45B的屏蔽结构40的透视图。在这个实施例中，该连接柱45A、45B的横截面为矩形，但并不要求特定的形状。
图5为在本发明的第二实施例中使用的尾部屏蔽44、侧屏蔽44A、44B和连接柱45A、45B的透视图。在这个实施例中，连接柱45C、45D从ABS上凹陷。图6为图5所示的尾部屏蔽44、侧屏蔽44A、44B和连接柱45C、45D的示意图，其对应于沿图5中线IV剖开的截面。在从ABS凹陷的该柱前面区域充满非磁性材料，以使该ABS基本上保持为平面形。该柱可从ABS上凹陷，以减少在重叠过程中可能会被弄脏或腐蚀的金属区域。如果该柱的材料的选择和重叠过程相适应，则图4所示的第一实施例是可接受的。
图7为沿图2的线III剖开的记录头20A的截面示意图。线III对应于该磁头的轨道的中心。图中也示出了记录介质27。在该尾部屏蔽后面的区域充满非磁性材料39。该尾部屏蔽和主极靴之间的间隙由非磁性层37形成。磁通承载极靴41与该主极靴42接触，但不延伸至ABS。线圈33被置于该返回极靴43和磁通承载极靴41之间。对于常规的带有单极写入头而没有尾部屏蔽的垂直记录头，在ABS上的磁通通道为从该主磁极通过该硬的铁磁性记录层28进入该介质的软衬层29，并通过记录层回到返回极靴43。在根据本发明设计的磁头中，该主磁通通道返回该尾部屏蔽44和更接近于该主极靴42的侧屏蔽44A、44B。该尾部屏蔽设计实现更好的写入场梯度和更低的介质噪声。该设计中的三个关键参数为：1)主磁极和屏蔽之间的间隙；2)ABS至软衬层29的间隔；以及3)屏蔽的厚度。该ABS至软衬层的间隔不是该记录头的特征，而是由在其中采用该记录头的存储装置的设计来确定的。
可利用Stoner-Wohlfarth模型来说明本发明的单极尾部屏蔽(SPT)设计相对于单极(SP)设计的改进。为了分布晶粒角度，增加H和平均晶粒角度之间的角度可将切换磁场的分布减少1/2，从而可将有效场增加2X并降低跳动。
当从ABS至该软衬层29的距离等于写入间隙的长度(该尾部屏蔽44的边缘和主极靴42之间的距离)时，可获得该设计中的最优磁场角度。当该屏蔽更接近写入极靴42时，写入场被减小，因为部分磁通逐渐地在该介质的软衬层和该尾部屏蔽之间被分享。通过增加该尾部屏蔽的厚度并且使该主极靴42的喇叭口端点(flare point)更靠近ABS，就可改进该问题。这种磁头设计的优点如下：
1)增加dH/dX，
2)减少部分擦除，
3)改善饱和度，
4)减少介质噪声，
5)倾斜场使在S-W介质上容易写入。
为了最小化写入磁通损失并仍能达到所希望的效果，在该主极靴42的尖端部附近的尾部屏蔽和侧屏蔽的厚度(从ABS至磁头)应大致等于该主极靴42的轨道宽度的一半。在横穿轨道方向上，该侧间隙位于磁头至衬层间隔的1～2倍的范围内，其优选值为该磁头至衬层间隔的设计值的1.5倍。更大的侧间隙距离可使相邻轨道上的写入减少较小；而更小的侧间隙距离过度减少可用写入磁通。
另外，为了改善机械整体性并允许重叠有一些非平面性(non-planarity)，与ABS垂直的屏蔽的厚度可以增加一个比距该主极靴(轨道)的中心大1微米左右的距离，但是这对于本发明的工作不是最重要的。例如，该尾部和侧屏蔽的偏离中心的厚度，在该连接柱附近可增加数十纳米。
已经针对具体实施例对本发明进行了说明，但对于本领域技术人员来说，根据本发明的铁磁性结构还可以有其他用途和应用。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于进行垂直记录的薄膜式磁记录头，包括：
一主极靴，其延伸至一空气轴承表面；
一返回极靴，其延伸至该空气轴承表面；
一屏蔽结构，其由铁磁性材料制成并沿该空气轴承表面在该主极靴附近延伸，该屏蔽结构面对该主极靴，以在该主极靴的与该返回极靴相对的一侧形成一写入间隙；以及
第一和第二连接柱，其由铁磁性材料制成并从该屏蔽结构延伸至该返回极靴且暴露于所述空气轴承表面，
其中所述屏蔽结构包括尾部屏蔽和左侧屏蔽与右侧屏蔽。
2.如权利要求1所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中所述第一和第二连接柱沿道宽方向的宽度小于所述左侧屏蔽和右侧屏蔽的宽度。
3.如权利要求2所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该第一和第二连接柱对称地配置在该主极靴的相对两侧，并且该屏蔽结构和该主极靴之间的最小距离小于该第一连接柱和该主极靴之间的最小距离。
4.如权利要求3所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该左侧屏蔽与右侧屏蔽具有在该主极靴附近与该空气轴承表面正交的第一厚度，该主极靴在该空气轴承表面处具有一尖端部，并且该第一厚度小于该尖端部的长度。
5.如权利要求4所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该连接柱具有与该空气轴承表面正交的第二厚度，并且该第二厚度大于该第一厚度。
6.如权利要求1所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中在横穿轨道方向上，该屏蔽结构比该返回极靴窄，该第一和第二连接柱对称地配置在该主极靴的相对两侧，并且垂直地从该屏蔽结构的外边缘伸出，以与该返回极靴接触。
7.一种用于进行垂直记录的薄膜式磁记录头，包括：
一主极靴，其延伸至一空气轴承表面；
一返回极靴，其延伸至该空气轴承表面；
一屏蔽结构，其由铁磁性材料制成并沿该空气轴承表面在该主极靴附近延伸，该屏蔽结构面对该主极靴，以在该主极靴的与该返回极靴相对的一侧形成一写入间隙；以及
第一和第二连接柱，其由铁磁性材料制成并从该屏蔽结构延伸至该返回极靴且从该空气轴承表面凹陷，并且非磁性材料将连接柱与该空气轴承表面隔开，
其中所述屏蔽结构包括尾部屏蔽和左侧屏蔽与右侧屏蔽。
8.一种用于进行垂直记录的薄膜式磁记录头，包括：
一主极靴，其延伸至一空气轴承表面；
一返回极靴，其延伸至该空气轴承表面；
一屏蔽结构，其由铁磁性材料制成并沿该空气轴承表面在该主极靴附近延伸，该屏蔽结构包括一尾部屏蔽和左侧屏蔽与右侧屏蔽，该尾部屏蔽面对该主极靴，以形成一写入间隙；以及
第一和第二连接柱，其由铁磁性材料制成并从该屏蔽结构延伸至该返回极靴并对称地配置在通过该主极靴的中心线的相对两侧。
9.如权利要求8所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该第一和第二连接柱离开该主极靴布置，以减少从该主极靴至该连接柱的磁通量。
10.如权利要求8所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该左侧屏蔽与右侧屏蔽具有在该主极靴附近与该空气轴承表面垂直的第一厚度，该主极靴在该空气轴承表面处具有一尖端部，并且该第一厚度小于该尖端部的长度。
11.如权利要求10所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该连接柱具有与该空气轴承表面正交的第二厚度，并且该第二厚度大于该第一厚度。
12.如权利要求8所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中在横穿轨道方向上，该屏蔽结构比该返回极靴窄，该第一和第二连接柱垂直地从该屏蔽结构的外边缘延伸，以在对称位置上与该返回极靴接触，并且该第一和第二连接柱之间的距离小于在横穿轨道方向上的该返回极靴宽度的一半。
13.如权利要求8所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该第一和第二连接柱从该空气轴承表面凹陷，并且非磁性材料将该连接柱与该空气轴承表面隔开。
14.一种用于进行垂直记录的薄膜式磁记录头，包括：
一带一尖端部的主极靴，其延伸至一空气轴承表面；
一返回极靴，其延伸至该空气轴承表面；
一屏蔽结构，其由铁磁性材料制成并沿空气轴承表面在该主极靴尖端部附近延伸，该屏蔽结构包括一尾部屏蔽和左侧屏蔽与右侧屏蔽，该尾部屏蔽配置在该主极靴尖端部的与该返回极靴相对的一侧，该尾部屏蔽面对该主极靴，以形成一写入间隙，在横穿轨道上该屏蔽结构比返回极靴窄，并且该屏蔽结构在该主极靴尖端部附近的垂直于ABS的厚度小于该主极靴尖端部的长度；
第一和第二连接柱，其由铁磁性材料制成并从该屏蔽结构的第一和第二外端延伸至该返回极靴，并且对称地配置在通过该主极靴的中心线的相对两侧，其垂直于ABS的厚度大于在该主极靴尖端部附近的该屏蔽结构的垂直于ABS的厚度。
15.如权利要求14所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该第一和第二连接柱离开该主极靴布置，以减少从该主极靴至该连接柱的磁通量。
16.如权利要求14所述的薄膜式磁记录头，其中该第一和第二连接柱从该空气轴承表面凹陷，并且非磁性材料将该连接柱与该空气轴承表面隔开。
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| US10/676,742 | 2003-09-30 | ||
| US10/676,742 US7002775B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2003-09-30 | Head for perpendicular magnetic recording with a shield structure connected to the return pole piece |
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| US8842389B2 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2014-09-23 | Headway Technologies, Inc. | Wrap-around shielded writer with highly homogeneous shield material |
| JP2011123962A (ja) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-23 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands Bv | 磁気記録ヘッド及び磁気ディスク記憶装置 |
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| US8582234B2 (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2013-11-12 | Seagate Technology Llc | Shaped magnetic write pole |
| US8411384B2 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2013-04-02 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Writer having a shield structure for adjacent and far track interference refreshment |
| US9099108B2 (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2015-08-04 | Seagate Technology Llc | Magnetically biased write pole |
| US8801943B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2014-08-12 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Method for manufacturing wraparound shield write head using hard masks |
| US8792208B1 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2014-07-29 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Method for providing side shields having non-conformal regions for a magnetic recording transducer |
| US9263067B1 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2016-02-16 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Process for making PMR writer with constant side wall angle |
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| US9275657B1 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2016-03-01 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Process for making PMR writer with non-conformal side gaps |
| US20150092303A1 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2015-04-02 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Graded side shield gap reader |
| US8976493B1 (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2015-03-10 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Magnetic read sensor with novel pinned layer and side shield design for improved data track resolution and magnetic pinning robustness |
| US9269378B2 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-02-23 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Stray field shielding for perpendicular magnetic recording write head |
| US9153253B2 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2015-10-06 | Tdk Corporation | Perpendicular magnetic recording head and magnetic recording unit having leading shield including exposed end surface and recess shield including mid part |
| US8929027B1 (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2015-01-06 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Magnetic write head with tapered side gap for reduced far track interference |
| US9286919B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-03-15 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Magnetic writer having a dual side gap |
| US9349388B1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-05-24 | Seagate Technology Llc | Data writer front shield with varying throat height |
| JP2016219070A (ja) * | 2015-05-14 | 2016-12-22 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気記録ヘッド、およびこれを備えたディスク装置 |
| US10734013B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2020-08-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Spin transfer torque (STT) device with multilayer seed layers for magnetic recording and memory |
| US10997993B1 (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2021-05-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Spin-torque oscillator with multilayer seed layer between the write pole and the free layer in a magnetic recording write head |
| US11651783B1 (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-05-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Two layer leading shield design with non-conformal shapes for magnetic recording heads |
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| US20020176214A1 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-11-28 | Shukh Alexander M. | Writer for perpendicular recording with controlled write width |
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| US6842313B1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2005-01-11 | Maxtor Corporation | Floating down stream perpendicular write head shield |
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2003
- 2003-09-30 US US10/676,742 patent/US7002775B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-08-12 EP EP04019190A patent/EP1522991A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-22 CN CNB200410082446XA patent/CN1308920C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-24 KR KR1020040076749A patent/KR20050031937A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-09-29 SG SG200405519A patent/SG110171A1/en unknown
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| US4318147A (en) * | 1978-07-20 | 1982-03-02 | Sony Corporation | Magnetic card recording and/or reproducing apparatus |
| EP0333347A2 (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1989-09-20 | Quantum Corporation | Magnetic read and write head with side shields |
| US20020071208A1 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-13 | Sharat Batra | Perpendicular magnetic recording head to reduce side writing |
| US20020176214A1 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-11-28 | Shukh Alexander M. | Writer for perpendicular recording with controlled write width |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1522991A1 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| US7002775B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 |
| KR20050031937A (ko) | 2005-04-06 |
| US20050068678A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
| CN1604194A (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
| SG110171A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
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