CN1307148C - 含香叶基的化合物 - Google Patents

含香叶基的化合物 Download PDF

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CN1307148C
CN1307148C CNB028270231A CN02827023A CN1307148C CN 1307148 C CN1307148 C CN 1307148C CN B028270231 A CNB028270231 A CN B028270231A CN 02827023 A CN02827023 A CN 02827023A CN 1307148 C CN1307148 C CN 1307148C
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geranyl
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spiceleaf
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秋山澄
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Abstract

本发明提供具有优良的抗肿瘤活性的下式所示化合物。式中,R1、R2、R3、m、n和R4具有说明书记载的含义。

Description

含香叶基的化合物
技术领域
本发明涉及新型的含香叶基的化合物或者甲羟戊酸衍生物及它们作为抗肿瘤剂的用途。
背景技术
含有具备1,5-二烯结构的香叶基的化合物大量存在于生物体内,作为显示各种生理活性且具有多烯结构的物质在生物体内的前体是已知的。这种具有1,5-二烯结构的物质以及由此衍生出的多烯类均由甲羟戊酸开始进行生物合成。
本发明人着眼于作为含有具备1,5-二烯结构的香叶基的化合物,成为香叶酸或香叶胺,甚至多烯类的生物合成基础的甲羟戊酸,合成了香叶酸或香叶胺以及甲羟戊酸的各种衍生物,研究了其生理活性,特别是抗肿瘤作用和毒性,结果完成了本发明。
发明内容
也就是说,本发明提供下述式(I-1)、(I-2)或(I-3)表示的含香叶基的化合物。
Figure C0282702300042
式中,R1表示下述基团,
Figure C0282702300051
Figure C0282702300052
R2表示由选自苹果酸、枸橼酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、2-氧代戊二酸、丙酮酸、对丙酮酰氨基苯甲酸、视黄酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸和丝氨酸的羧酸除去存在的所有羧基后的残基,其中,该残基上存在羟基或氨基时,这些基团可以根据情况用酰基(例如低级烷酰基)或苯甲氧基羰基保护,
m为1、2或3,
n为0、1或2,
m+n表示上述羧酸中存在的羧基数,
R3表示对羟基苯基或巯基。
本发明还提供下述式(I-4)表示的甲羟戊酸衍生物。
式中,R4表示-CH2OH或-CH3
上述式(I-1)的香叶基-糖衍生物中包含下述5个化合物。
N-香叶基葡糖醛酰胺
N-香叶基半乳糖醛酰胺
N-半乳糖基香叶酰胺(galactosylgeranamide)
N-葡糖基香叶酰胺
Figure C0282702300071
N-岩藻糖香叶酰胺
作为上述式(I-2)的含香叶基的酰胺衍生物,例如包含下述化合物。
N,N′-二香叶基苹果酸二酰胺
Figure C0282702300073
O-乙酰基-N-香叶基苹果酸一酰胺
O-乙酰基-N,N′-二香叶基苹果酸二酰胺
N,N′,N″-三香叶基枸橼酸三酰胺
N-香叶基琥珀酸一酰胺
N,N′-二香叶基琥珀酸二酰胺
N,N′-二香叶基富马酸二酰胺
Figure C0282702300093
N-香叶基富马酸一酰胺
N,N′-二香叶基-2-氧代戊二酸二酰胺
N-香叶基丙酮酸酰胺
Figure C0282702300102
N-香叶基-对丙酮酰氨基苯甲酰胺
酪氨酸香叶酰胺
Figure C0282702300104
N-乙酰基酪氨酸香叶酰胺
Figure C0282702300111
半胱氨酸香叶酰胺
Figure C0282702300112
谷氨酸二香叶基二酰胺
丝氨酸香叶酰胺
N-香叶基视黄酸酰胺
Figure C0282702300121
另外,作为上述式(I-3)的含香叶基的酰胺衍生物,包含下述2个化合物。
N-香叶酰基酪氨酸
N-香叶酰基半胱氨酸
Figure C0282702300123
作为上述式(I-4)的甲羟戊酸衍生物,例如包含下述化合物。
N-葡糖基甲羟戊酸酰胺
Figure C0282702300124
N-半乳糖基甲羟戊酸酰胺
Figure C0282702300131
N-岩藻糖甲羟戊酸酰胺
Figure C0282702300132
式(I-1)的化合物中,上述式(1)和(2)的化合物例如可以通过使香叶胺与羟基被酰基(例如乙酰基)等保护的葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸的反应性衍生物(例如混合酸酐、活性酯、卤化物等)进行酰胺化反应而制备。
另外,式(I-1)的化合物中,上述式(3)至(5)的化合物例如可以通过使香叶酸的反应性衍生物(例如混合酸酐、活性酯、卤化物等)与半乳糖胺、葡糖胺或岩藻糖胺进行酰胺化反应而制备。
上述酰胺化反应可以按照肽化学领域的酰胺化反应的常规方法进行,通常可以在适当的惰性有机溶剂(例如四氢呋喃、氯仿、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷等)中或水中,在冷却到约0℃至加热到约60℃的条件下,优选在约0℃至室温的条件下进行。
香叶胺对羟基被保护的葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸的反应性衍生物的使用比例,没有严格的限制,通常优选每1摩尔该反应性衍生物,在1~2摩尔的范围内使用香叶胺。
另外,半乳糖胺、葡糖胺或岩藻糖胺对香叶酸的反应性衍生物的使用比例,没有严格的限定,通常优选每1摩尔该反应性衍生物,也在1~2摩尔的范围内使用半乳糖胺、葡糖胺或岩藻糖胺。
酰胺化反应后,存在羟基保护基的场合,通过使其保护基进行例如水解等脱保护基反应,可以得到上述式(I-1)的香叶基-糖衍生物。
通过上述反应生成的式(I-1)的香叶基-糖衍生物可以采用常规的手段,例如提取、结晶、色谱法等,从反应混合物分离、精制。
另外,上述式(I-2)的含香叶基的酰胺衍生物例如可以通过下述方法制备,即,使香叶胺与存在的羟基或氨基被酰基(例如乙酰基等低级烷酰基)或苯甲氧基羰基等保护的式(II)所示羧酸的反应性衍生物(例如混合酸酐、活性酯、卤化物等)进行酰胺化反应。
Figure C0282702300141
式中,R2、m和n与上述含义相同。
上述酰胺化反应可以按照肽化学领域的酰胺化反应的常规方法进行,通常可以在适当的惰性有机溶剂(例如四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等)中,在冷却到约0℃至加热到约60℃的条件下,优选在约0℃至室温的条件下进行。
香叶胺对式(II)的羧酸的反应性衍生物的使用比例可以根据要引入该羧酸中的香叶基数(m)变化,通常每1摩尔该反应性衍生物,优选在1摩尔至(m+2)摩尔的范围内使用。
酰胺化反应后,存在羟基保护基或氨基保护基的场合,根据需要使其保护基进行例如水解等脱保护基反应,可以得到上述式(I-2)的含香叶基的酰胺衍生物。
另外,上述式(I-3)的含香叶基的酰胺衍生物例如可以通过使香叶酸的反应性衍生物(例如混合酸酐、活性酯、卤化物等)与酪氨酸或半胱氨酸进行酰胺化反应来制备。
该酰胺化反应也可以按照肽化学领域的酰胺化反应的常规方法进行,通常可以在适当的惰性有机溶剂(例如四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等)中或水中,在冷却到约0℃至加热到约60℃的条件下,优选在约0℃至室温的条件下进行。
酪氨酸或半胱氨酸对香叶酸的反应性衍生物的使用比例没有严格的限制,通常每1摩尔该反应性衍生物,优选在1~2摩尔的范围内使用。
通过上述反应生成的式(I-2)或(I-3)的含香叶基的酰胺衍生物,可以采用常规的手段,例如提取、结晶、色谱法等,从反应混合物分离、精制。
上述式(I-4)的甲羟戊酸衍生物例如可以通过使式(III)表示的糖胺或其盐与甲羟戊内酯或甲羟戊酰卤反应进行制备。
Figure C0282702300151
式中,R4与上述含义相同。
式(III)的糖胺或其盐(例如盐酸盐)与甲羟戊内酯或甲羟戊酰卤(例如甲羟戊酰氯)的反应,可以在水或适当的惰性有机溶剂(例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、氯仿等)中,在室温至溶剂的回流温度之间,优选约40~约70℃的温度下进行。
甲羟戊内酯或甲羟戊酰卤对式(III)的糖胺的使用比例没有严格的限制,通常每1摩尔式(III)的糖胺,优选在1~2摩尔的范围内使用甲羟戊内酯或甲羟戊酰卤。
使用式(III)的糖胺的盐或甲羟戊酰卤作为出发原料的场合,一般情况下,上述反应希望添加碱,例如N-甲基哌啶等叔胺;氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾等无机碱等进行。
通过上述反应生成的式(I-4)的甲羟戊酸衍生物可以采用常规的手段,例如提取、结晶、色谱法等,从反应混合物分离、精制。
本发明提供的上述式(I-1)至(I-4)的化合物如下述抗肿瘤效果的测定结果表明的那样,具有优良的抗肿瘤活性。
抗肿瘤效果的测定
无菌地取出在5周龄的雌性裸小鼠(BALB/c,Ninox)的背部皮下移植、继代移植的HuH-7细胞(人肝癌的树立细胞株)的癌瘤,在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中破碎成5×5mm的大小后,将其一块移植到裸小鼠背部皮下。
将被测物质溶解于玉米油中,移植后1周至3周将该溶液连续给予小鼠腹腔内,1日1次,250μg/小鼠。给药结束后,取出癌瘤,测定其重量,按照下式计算出抗肿瘤效果和体重减少。另外,实验中每组使用6只小鼠,以仅给予溶剂(玉米油)的组作为对照组。
Figure C0282702300161
Figure C0282702300162
抗肿瘤效果及体重减少的评价,以对照组为100%,按照下述标准进行。
抗肿瘤效果
-:>100%、+/-:100~75%、+:75~50%、++:50~25%、
+++:25~0%
体重减少
-:>110%、+/-:110~100%、+:100~95%、++:95~90%、
+++:<90%
死亡率(实验期间的死亡比例)
-:无死亡例
+/-:高浓度(500μg/小鼠)给药时有死亡例
+:1~3只死亡
++:3~5只死亡
+++:6只全部死亡
综合评价:
-:抗肿瘤效果弱,对宿主小鼠的毒性非常强
+/-:确认有弱的抗肿瘤效果,但也确认对宿主小鼠有毒性
+:确认有一定的抗肿瘤效果,但是对宿主小鼠的毒性也强
++:确认有强的抗肿瘤效果,对宿主小鼠的毒性弱
+++:确认有强的抗肿瘤效果,对宿主小鼠没有毒性
结果如下述表1~3所示。
表1
      被测物质   抗肿瘤效果             毒性   综合评价
  体重减少   死亡率
  N-香叶基古洛糖酸酰胺     ++     +/-     -     ++
  N-香叶基半乳糖醛酰胺     +++     +/-     +/-
  N-半乳糖基香叶酰胺     +++     +     -     +++
  N-岩藻糖香叶酰胺     ++     +/-     -     +++
表2
         被测物质   抗肿瘤效果             毒性   综合评价
  体重减少   死亡率
  N,N′-二香叶基苹果酸二酰胺     +     +   -    ++
  N,N′-二香叶基富马酸二酰胺     ++     +/-    ++
  N-香叶基-4-丙酮酰氨基苯甲酸酰胺     ++     -   -    +++
  N-香叶酰基酪氨酸     ++     +/-   -    ++
  酪氨酸香叶酰胺     +     +/-   -    +
  N-乙酰基酪氨酸香叶酰胺     +     +/-   -    +
表3
      被测物质   抗肿瘤效果             毒性   综合评价
  体重减少   死亡率
  N-葡糖基甲羟戊酸酰胺     ++     +/-   -    +++
根据上述结果可知,本发明的上述式(I-1)~(I-4)的化合物对HuH-7细胞具有优良的抗肿瘤效果,且几乎没有毒性,期待作为用于以肝癌为首的各种实体瘤的处置、治疗的抗肿瘤剂使用。
使用本发明的化合物作为抗肿瘤剂等药物时,该化合物可以口服或非口服(例如静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射等)给药,其有效给药量可以根据需给药的患者的症状、疾病的轻重、体重、年龄、医师的判断等,在宽范围内变化,例如注射的场合,通常可以是约1~约50mg/kg/日,1日1次或分数次给药。
使用本发明的化合物作为药物时,可以将该化合物的有效量与制剂学上允许的载体或稀释剂(例如赋型剂、溶剂、其他助剂等)制剂成适于给药的给药单位形态,例如片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、肠溶剂、糖锭、糖浆剂、酏剂、溶液剂、悬浊剂、乳剂等剂型。
作为上述制剂化时可以使用的载体或稀释剂,例如淀粉、乳糖、砂糖、甘露醇、羧甲基纤维素等赋型剂;硬脂酸镁、月桂基硫酸钠、滑石等润滑剂;糊精、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉、明胶等粘合剂;马铃薯淀粉、羧甲基纤维素等崩解剂;注射用蒸馏水、生理盐水、右旋糖水溶液、注射用植物油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等稀释溶剂等,而且根据需要也可以配合矫味矫臭剂、着色剂、等渗剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、止痛剂等。
另外,根据需要,本发明的药物中也可以配合其他药理学活性物质。
以下,结合实施例更具体地说明本发明。
实施例
合成例1:N-香叶基半乳糖醛酰胺的合成
在O-四乙酰基半乳糖醛酸(3.62g,10mmol)的四氢呋喃(THF)(20ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.01g,10mmol),冷却至0℃。在0℃下向该溶液中滴加氯甲酸异丁酯(1.37g,10mmol)的THF(5ml)溶液,搅拌30分钟。在该溶液中滴加香叶胺(1.53g,10mmol)的THF(5ml)溶液,在0℃下搅拌1小时,在室温下搅拌4小时。反应结束后,加入150ml的氯仿,用50ml的水将氯仿层洗涤3次。用硫酸镁将氯仿层干燥后,浓缩氯仿,用硅胶柱色谱法精制残留物。结果,由己烷-丙酮(3∶1)馏出液得到N-香叶基-O-四乙酰基半乳糖醛酰胺的粘稠油状物3.58g(73.5%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.58(3H,s)、1.65(3H,s)、1.68(3H,s)、2.01(3H,s)、2.02(3H,s)、2.05(3H,s)、2.15(3H,s)、2.02-2.11(4H,m)、3.70-3.83(1H,m)、3.83-3.96(1H,m)、5.00-5.17(2H,m)、5.29(1H,d,J=10.8Hz)、5.39(1H,d,J=10.8Hz)、6.29-6.46(2H,m)。
将上述产物3.58g(7mmol)溶解于30ml的乙醇中,加入1N氢氧化钠水溶液35ml,在室温下搅拌2小时。然后,在反应混合物中加入1N盐酸35ml,在减压条件下进行浓缩。在残留物中加入乙醇150ml,过滤析出的食盐,再次浓缩滤液。采用硅胶柱色谱法对残留物进行分离,由己烷-乙醇(3∶1)馏出液得到N-香叶基半乳糖醛酰胺的粘稠化合物1.95g。在该产物中加入乙醚,进行结晶,抽滤得到晶体状标题化合物1.03g。收率45%。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.50(3H,s)、1.55(3H,s)、1.56(3H,s)、1.86-2.04(4H,m)、3.48-3.76(2H,m)、3.80-3.94(2H,m)、4.07-4.84(3H,m)、4.99(1H,d,J=9.6Hz)、5.06(1H,d,J=9.6Hz)。
合成例2:N-香叶基葡糖醛酰胺的合成
除使用O-四乙酰基葡糖醛酸代替O-四乙酰基半乳糖醛酸以外,与合成例1同样,得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.60(3H,s)、1.68(3H,s)、1.73(3H,s)、2.07-2.09(4H,m)、3.58-3.62(2H,m)、3.81-3.95(2H,m)、4.07-4.86(3H,m)、5.05-5.09(1H,m)、5.36-5.40(1H,m)。
合成例3:N-半乳糖基香叶酰胺的合成
在香叶酸(0.84g,5mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(0.51g,5mmol),冷却至0℃。向其中滴加氯甲酸异丁酯(0.68g,5mmol)的THF(5ml)溶液,在0℃下搅拌30分钟。接着,将半乳糖胺盐酸盐(1.08g,5mmol)溶解于10ml水中,再加入1N氢氧化钠5ml,将得到的物质一气加入到反应混合物中。0℃下搅拌1小时,室温下搅拌4小时后,在减压条件下浓缩反应混合物。在得到的残留物中加入丙酮150ml,过滤析出的食盐。再次浓缩滤液,用硅胶柱色谱法分离残留物。结果,由己烷-乙醇(2∶1)馏出液得到粘稠的油状产物。向其中加入少量的乙醚,使之结晶,抽滤得到标题化合物0.754g。收率46%。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.53(3H,s)、1.57(3H,s)、1.59(3H,s)、1.95-2.01(4H,m)、3.63-3.79(7H,m)、4.25-4.60(3H,m)、4.85-4.92(1H,m)、5.00-5.08(1H,m)、6.25-6.31(1H,m)。
合成例4:N-葡糖基香叶酰胺的合成
除用葡糖胺盐酸盐代替半乳糖胺盐酸盐以外,与合成例3同样,得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.64(3H,s)、1.60(3H,s)、2.03(3H,s)、1.96-2.20(4H,m)、3.38-3.61(4H,m)、4.38-4.66(3H,m)、5.75(1H,s)、6.34-6.39(1H,m)。
合成例5:N-岩藻糖香叶酰胺的合成
除使用岩藻糖胺盐酸盐代替半乳糖胺盐酸盐以外,与合成例3同样,得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.31(3H,d,J=5.4Hz)、1.53(3H,s)、1.60(3H,s),1.72(3H,s)、1.97-2.05(4H,m)、3.88-3.95(2H,m)、4.21-4.24(1H,m)、4.44-4.46(1H,m)、4.82-4.87(1H,m)、5.00-5.13(1H,m)。
合成例6:N,N′-二香叶基富马酸二酰胺的合成
在富马酸(0.58g,5mmol)的四氢呋喃(THF)(20ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.01g,10mmol),冷却至0℃。向该溶液中滴加氯甲酸异丁酯(1.53g,10mmol)的THF(5ml)溶液。随着滴加,产生白色沉淀。在0℃下搅拌30分钟后,滴加香叶胺(1.53g,10mmol)的THF(5ml)溶液,在0℃下搅拌1小时,在室温下搅拌4小时。反应结束后,加入50ml的水,进行氯仿萃取。将氯仿层用水洗涤后,用硫酸镁干燥。过滤硫酸镁后,浓缩氯仿层,得到白色晶体。将其用乙醇重结晶,得到标题化合物1.07g。收率55%。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.60(6H,s)、1.62(6H,s)、1.68(6H,s)、2.01-2.10(8H,m)、3.95(4H,t,J=9.6Hz)、5.04-5.09(2H,m)、5.20-5.25(2H,m)、5.94(2H,brs)、6.90(2H,s),7.26(2H,s)。
合成例7
除使用对应的上述式(II)的羧酸代替富马酸以外,与合成例6同样,得到下述化合物。
N-香叶基丙酮酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.55(3H,s)、1.64(3H,s)、1.82(3H,s)、2.00(3H,s)、1.92-2.12(4H,m)、3.84(2H,d,J=7.2Hz)、4.96-5.12(1H,m)、5.22-5.35(1H,m)。
N,N′-二香叶基苹果酸二酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.58(6H,s)、1.64(6H,s)、1.67(6H,s)、1.94-2.14(8H,m)、2.54(1H,dd,J=4.8,14.8Hz)、2.79(1H,dd,J=3.2,14.4Hz)、3.75-3.93(4H,m)、4.32-4.40(1H,m)、5.00-5.10(2H,m)、5.10-5.22(2H,m)。
O-乙酰基-N-香叶基苹果酸一酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.60(3H,s)、1.68(3H,s)、1.69(3H,s)、1.96-2.11(4H,m)、2.19(3H,s)、2.65(1H,dd,J=9.6,22.8Hz)、3.00(1H,dd,J=2.4,22.8Hz)3.79-3.89(2H,m)、4.51-4.56(1H,m)、5.08(1H,t,J=7.2Hz)、5.18(1H,t,J=6.0Hz)。
O-乙酰基-N,N′-二香叶基苹果酸二酰胺:以O-乙酰基-N-香叶基苹果酸一酰胺作为出发原料,按照同样的方法合成。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.59(6H,s)、1.67(6H,s)、1.68(6H,s)、1.94-2.01(8H,m)、2.16(3H,s)、2.55(1H,dd,J=13.2,22.8Hz)、2.97(1H,dd,J=2.4,22.8Hz)、3.79-3.89(4H,m)、4.34-4.40(1H,m)、5.02-5.10(2H,m)、5.10-5.20(2H,m)。
N,N′,N″-三香叶基枸橼酸三酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.60(9H,s)、1.66(9H,s)、1.68(9H,s)、1.98-2.08(12H,m)、3.76(6H,t,J=6.3Hz)、4.26(4H,s)、5.07(6H,t,J=6.0Hz)、5.20(6H,t,J=7.2Hz)。
N-香叶基琥珀酸一酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.60(3H,s)、1.70(3H,s)、1.72(3H,s)、1.92-2.15(4H,m)、2.52(2H,t,J=9.6Hz)、2.70(2H,t,J=9.6Hz)3.80-3.90(2H,m)、5.08(1H,t,J=9.6Hz)、5.18(1H,t,J=6.0Hz)、5.61(1H,brs)。
N,N′-二香叶基琥珀酸二酰胺:以N-香叶基琥珀酸一酰胺作为出发原料,按照同样的方法合成。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.60(6H,s)、1.66(6H,s)、1.69(6H,s)、1.97-2.11(4H,m)、2.53(4H,s)、3.84(4H,t,J=5.5Hz)、5.07(2H,t,J=4.9Hz)、5.17(2H,t,J=5.5Hz)、5.90(2H,brs)。
N-香叶基富马酸一酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.59(3H,s)、1.67(3H,s)、1.70(3H,s)、1.94-2.16(4H,m)、3.88-4.04(2H,m)、5.06(1H,t,J=7.2Hz)、5.21(1H,t,J=4.8Hz)、6.30(1H,d,J=12.0Hz)、6.46(1H,d,J=12.0Hz)。
N,N′-二香叶基-2-氧代戊二酸二酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.60(6H,s)、1.68(12H,s)、1.94-2.13(8H,m)、2.69(2H,t,J=6.3Hz)、3.26(2H,t,J=6.3Hz)、3.81-4.04(4H,m)、5.02-5.10(2H,m)、5.15-5.22(2H,m)。
N-香叶基-对丙酮酰氨基苯甲酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.60(3H,s)、1.68(3H,s)、1.70(3H,s)、2.03-2.11(4H,m)、2.17(3H,s)、3.95-4.04(2H,m)、4.83(1H,brs)、5.09(1H,t,J=6.6Hz)、5.28(1H,t,J=6.9Hz)、5.94(1H,brs)、6.64(2H,d,J=8.7Hz)、7.60(2H,d,J=8.7Hz)。
N-香叶基视黄酸酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.03(6H,s)、1.12-1.63(6H,m)、1.60(3H,s)、1.66(3H,s)、1.68(3H,s)、1.72(3H,s)、1.87-1.93(4H,m)、2.01(3H,s)、2.37(3H,s)、3.82-3.92(2H,m)、5.03-5.24(2H,m)、5.80(1H,s)、6.12-6.40(3H,m)、7.02(1H,d,J=12.0Hz)、7.07(1H,d,J=12.0Hz)。
合成例8:N-香叶酰基半胱氨酸的合成
在香叶酸(1.68g,10mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.01g,10mmol),冷却至0℃。向其中滴加氯甲酸异丁酯(1.37g,10mmol)的THF(5ml)溶液,在0℃下搅拌30分钟。将半胱氨酸(1.35g,10mmol)溶解于1N氢氧化钠(10ml)中,将得到的溶液加入上述反应混合物中,在0℃下搅拌1小时,再在室温下搅拌4小时。反应结束后,在反应混合物中加入1N盐酸10ml,在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着,将反应混合物用旋转蒸发器浓缩,在残留物中加入乙醇,过滤除去析出的氯化钠。将乙醇溶液再次用蒸发器减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法分离残留物。结果,由己烷-丙酮(2∶1)馏出液,得到标题化合物0.556g。收率19.5%。
合成例9:N-香叶酰基酪氨酸
除使用酪氨酸代替半胱氨酸以外,与合成例8同样,得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.55(6H,s)、1.64(3H,s)、1.96-2.00(4H,m)、2.90-3.17(2H,m)、4.81-5.06(3H、m)、6.40-7.21(4H,m)、7.25(1H,s)。
合成例10:谷氨酸二香叶基二酰胺的合成
在N-苯甲氧基羰基谷氨酸(2.634g,9.4mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.899g,18.8mmol),冷却至0℃。在该混合物中滴加氯甲酸异丁酯(2.566g,18.8mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液,在0℃下搅拌30分钟。接着,滴加香叶胺(2.880g,18.8mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液,在0℃下搅拌1小时,在室温下搅拌4小时。反应结束后,加入150ml的氯仿,用水洗涤氯仿溶液,用硫酸镁干燥。用蒸发器除去有机溶剂,用硅胶柱色谱法分离残留物,由己烷-丙酮(2∶1)馏出液得到N-苯甲氧基羰基谷氨酸二香叶基二酰胺3.034g。收率58.6%。
接着,在得到的N-苯甲氧基羰基谷氨酸二香叶基二酰胺(3.034g,5.5mmol)的甲醇(20ml)溶液中加入1N氢氧化钠20ml,在室温下搅拌5小时.用蒸发器浓缩反应混合物,用硅胶柱色谱法分离残留物,由己烷-乙醇(3∶1)馏出液得到目的化合物。由于在该状态下是粘稠的非晶态,因此向其中加入乙醚,进行结晶,抽滤得到目的化合物852mg。收率37.2%。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.58(12H,s)、1.61(6H,s)、1.75-2.12(8H,m)、2.32-2.53(2H,m)、3.54-3.88(7H,m)、4.88-5.21(4H,m)。
合成例11
除使用酪氨酸、N-乙酰基酪氨酸、半胱氨酸或丝氨酸代替N-苯甲氧基羰基谷氨酸以外,与合成例10同样,得到下述化合物。另外,使用N-乙酰基酪氨酸的场合,不进行后半部分的脱保护操作。
酪氨酸香叶酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.59(3H,s)、1.67(6H,s)、1.82-2.18(4H,m)、2.99-3.09(2H,m)、3.74-3.78(2H,m)、4.99-5.26(3H,m)、7.17-7.43(5H,m)。
N-乙酰基酪氨酸香叶酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.60(3H,s)、1.68(3H,s)、1.98(3H,s)、2.00-2.11(4H,m)、2.18(3H,s)、2.90-3.00(2H,m)、3.69-3.79(2H,m)、4.59(1H,dd,J=15.6,9.6Hz)、5.00-5.10(2H,m)、6.70(2H,d,J=7.8Hz)、7.01(2H,d,J=7.8Hz)、7.27(1H,s)。
半胱氨酸香叶酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.58(3H,s)、1.66(3H,s)、1.67(3H,s)、1.93-2.10(4H,m)、2.83-3.16(2H,m)、3.83-4.08(3H,m)、5.03-5.19(2H,m)、7.33(1H,s)。
丝氨酸香叶酰胺
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.59(3H,s)、1.68(6H,s)、1.95-2.14(4H,m)、3.80-3.95(2H,m)、4.34-4.47(2H,m)、4.67(1H,t,J=10.8Hz)、5.06(1H,t.J=6.0Hz)、5.17(1H,t,J=6.0Hz)、6.77(2H,brs)。
合成例12:N-葡糖基甲羟戊酰胺的合成
将葡糖胺盐酸盐(2.16g,10mmol)溶解于20ml的水中,在该水溶液中加入1N氢氧化钠10ml和甲羟戊内酯(1.30g,10mmol),在55℃下加热搅拌5小时。反应结束后,在减压条件下浓缩反应混合物,在残留物中加入甲醇100ml,过滤析出的沉淀。再用蒸发器浓缩滤液,用硅胶柱色谱法分离残留物,由乙醇馏出液得到产物1.45g。收率47%。由于在该状态下是粘稠的油状物,因此加入少量的二氯甲烷,进行结晶,抽滤得到标题化合物1.10g。该晶体吸湿性强,不能测定熔点。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.00(3H,s)、1.44-1.59(2H,m)、2.47(2H,s)、2.96-3.74(10H,m)、4.04-5.08(3H,m)。
合成例13:N-半乳糖基甲羟戊酰胺的合成
除使用半乳糖胺盐酸盐代替葡糖胺盐酸盐以外,与合成例12同样,得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.08(3H,s)、1.51-1.61(2H,m)、2.44(2H,s)、2.74-5.16(13H,m)。
合成例14:N-岩藻糖甲羟戊酰胺的合成
除使用岩藻糖胺盐酸盐代替葡糖胺盐酸盐以外,与合成例12同样,得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.06(3H,s)、1.20(3H,d,J=24.0Hz)、1.54-1.62(2H,m)、2.44(2H,s)、2.74-5.15(12H,m)。
制剂例1
在常温下将N-半乳糖基香叶酰胺2g溶解于注射用蒸馏水11中,用氯化钠等渗化后,封入安瓿中。该注射剂1ml含有有效成分2mg。
制剂例2
在常温下将N,N′-二香叶基苹果酸二酰胺2g溶解于注射用蒸馏水11中,用氯化钠等渗化后,封入安瓿中。该注射剂1ml含有有效成分2mg。
制剂例3
在常温下将N-葡糖基甲羟戊酰胺2g溶解于注射用蒸馏水11中,用氯化钠等渗化后,封入安瓿中。该注射剂1ml含有有效成分2mg。

Claims (4)

1.下述式(I-1)、(I-2)或(I-3)表示的含香叶基的化合物,
Figure C028270230002C1
Figure C028270230002C3
式中,R1表示下述基团,
Figure C028270230002C4
R2表示由选自苹果酸、枸橼酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、2-氧代戊二酸、丙酮酸、对丙酮酰氨基苯甲酸、视黄酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸和丝氨酸的羧酸除去存在的所有羧基后的残基,其中,该残基上存在羟基或氨基时,这些基团可以根据情况用酰基(例如低级烷酰基)或苯甲氧基羰基保护,
m为1、2或3,
n为0、1或2,
m+n表示上述羧酸中存在的羧基数,
R3表示对羟基苯基或巯基。
2.一种抗肿瘤剂,含有权利要求1所述的式(I-1)、(I-2)或式(I-3)的含香叶基化合物作为有效成分。
3.一种制药学组合物,含有权利要求1所述的式(I-1)、(I-2)或式(I-3)的含香叶基化合物以及制药学上允许的载体或稀释剂。
4.权利要求1所述的式(I-1)、(I-2)或式(I-3)的含香叶基化合物在用于癌处置的药物的制备中的应用。
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