CN1288483A - 含有聚合物油回流剂的卤代烃制冷剂组合物 - Google Patents
含有聚合物油回流剂的卤代烃制冷剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开一类含有聚合物油回流剂的制冷剂组合物,该聚合物油回流剂使矿物油和合成油润滑剂与氢氟碳和氢氟碳/氢氯氟碳化合物为基础的制冷剂一起使用时得到增溶和分散。这类聚合物油回流剂,例如氟代和非氟代甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,只以制冷剂总组合物的很小比例使用,能够有效地使矿物油和合成油润滑剂,在以氢氟碳和氢氟碳/氢氯氟碳化合物为基础的制冷剂操作的冷冻系统中,从非压缩机区回流到压缩机区。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及含聚合物回流剂的组合物,所述回流剂能使与卤代烃制冷剂一起使用的矿物油润滑剂和合成油润滑剂增溶并分散,使润滑剂能够有效地在冷冻系统中从非压缩机区回流到压缩机区。
发明背景
按常规,将矿物油和烷基苯用作以氯氟碳化合物(CFC)为基础的冷冻系统中的润滑剂。然而,这些润滑剂在作为代替物的不消耗臭氧的氢氟碳化合物(HFC)中的溶解性不足,这妨碍了它们的应用和必要的发展,还妨碍了其作为以聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)和多元醇酯(POE)为基础的HFC冷冻系统润滑油的替换润滑剂的应用。虽然PAG和POE是以HFC为基础的冷冻系统的适宜润滑剂,但它们吸湿性极高,在暴露于湿空气中时,能够吸收几千ppm(百万分之几)水。所吸收的这些水分在冷冻系统中会产生一些问题,例如,形成腐蚀冷冻系统中的酸,以及形成难以处理的淤渣。比较起来,矿物油和烷基苯的吸湿性能小得多,并且具有低溶解性,对于水而言在100ppm以下。另外,PAG和POE润滑剂与烃润滑剂相比,昂贵得多,一般要贵3~6倍。因此,存在着解决矿物油和烷基苯润滑剂溶解性问题的要求和机遇,以便冷冻工业可以将矿物油和烷基苯润滑剂与HFC为基础的制冷剂一起应用。
氢氯氟碳化合物(HCFC)制冷剂也正在代替CFC,例如,以与HFC的混合物形式使用。在矿物油之类常规致冷润滑剂中,这些以HCFC为基础的制冷剂混合物与CFC相比,可溶性较差。在使用HCFC或HCFC/HFC混合物代替纯CFC为基础的制冷剂时,常常需要润滑剂由用矿物油变为用烷基苯,这使冷冻工业成本增加。所以,存在着解决该矿物油润滑剂溶解性问题的要求和机遇,以便冷冻工业可以将HCFC和HCFC/HFC为基础的制冷剂与矿物油润滑剂一起应用。
本发明描准了冷冻工业的这些要求,其方法在于,提供聚合物油回流剂,它使润滑油(分散相)在以HFC-和/或HCFC-为基础的制冷剂(连续相)中形成溶液或稳定分散液,从而改善润滑油通过冷冻系统的输送,并使润滑油能从其它冷冻系统区回流返到冷冻系统压缩机中。
发明概述
本发明涉及冷冻剂组合物,其包含:(a)含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子的卤代烃;(b)选自矿物油和合成油的油料;和(c)有效量的聚合物油回流剂;其中所述油回流剂形成所述卤代烃和所述油的溶液或稳定分散液,而其中所述油回流剂占所述制冷剂组合物的约10wt%以下。本发明的聚合物油回流剂,能够使矿物油润滑剂和合成油润滑剂在卤代烃制冷剂中增溶或分散。在总制冷剂组合物中含有比例很小的聚合物油回流剂时,能够有效地使矿物油润滑剂和合成油润滑剂在冷冻系统中从非压缩区回流返回到压缩区。
发明详述
本发明涉及包含下述组分的制冷剂组合物:
(a)含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子的卤代烃,
(b)选自矿物油和合成油的油;和
(c)有效量的聚合物油回流剂,其中所述油回流剂使所述卤代烃和所述油形成溶液或稳定分散液,而其中所述油回流剂占所述制冷剂组合物的约10wt%以下。
本发明还涉及包含下述组分的组合物:
(a)含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子的卤代烃,和
(b)有效量的聚合物油回流剂,其中所述油回流剂使所述卤代烃与包括矿物油和合成油的油形成溶液或稳定分散液。
本发明进一步还涉及同卤代烃制冷剂一起使用的润滑剂组合物,其包含:
(a)选自矿物油和合成油的油,和
(b)有效量的聚合物油回流剂,其中所述油回流剂使与卤代烃制冷剂一起使用的所述油形成溶液或稳定分散液。
本发明的卤代烃含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子。尤其是采用含至少一个氟原子、任选含氯原子和氧原子、有1~6个碳原子的卤代烃,其常压沸点为-90℃~80℃。所谓常压沸点,意指在液体组合物的蒸汽压等于1个大气压时的沸腾温度。这些卤代烃可以用通式CwF2w+2-x-yHxClyOz代表,式中,w为1~6,x为1~9,y为0~3和z为0~2。所优选的卤代烃是式中w为1~6、x为1~5、y为0~1和z为0~1的那些。这些卤代烃可以是产自诸如E.I.du Pont deNemours & Co.,Fluoroproducts(Wilmington,DE,19898,USA)等公司的市售品,或者可得自传统合成公司如PCR公司(P.O.Box 1466,Gainesville,Florida,32602,USA),此外还可以采用本领域公开的合成方法制得,例如公开在“氟化学杂志”(Journal of Fluorine Chemistry)中,或者“有机氟化合物化学”(Chemistry of Organic FluorineCompounds),Milos Hudlicky编辑,MacMillan公司(New York,N.Y)出版,1962。例如下述化合物:
CCl2F2(CFC-12),CHCl2F(HCFC-21),CHClF2(HCFC-22),CHF3(HFC-23),CH2ClF(HCFC-31),CH2F2(HFC-32),CH3F(HFC-41),CHCl2CF3(HCFC-123),CHClFCClF2(HCFC-123a),CHClFCF3(HCFC-124),CHF2CClF2(HCFC-124a),CHF2CF3(HFC-125),CH2ClCF3(HCFC-133a),CHF2CHF2(HFC-134),CH2FCF3(HFC-134a),CClF2CH3(HCFC-142b),CHF2CH2F(HFC-143),CF3CH3(HFC-143a),CHClFCH3(HCFC-151a),CHF2CH3(HFC-152a),CHF2CCl2CF3(HCFC-225aa),CHClFCClFCF3(HCFC-225ba),CHF2CClFCClF2(HCFC-225bb),CHCl2CF2CF3(HCFC-225ca),CHClFCF2CClF2(HCFC-225cb),CHF2CF2CCl2F(HCFC-225cc),CClF2CHClCF3(HCFC-225da),CClF2CHFCClF2(HCFC-225ea),CF3CHFCCl2F(HCFC-225eb),CHF2CClFCF3(HCFC-226ba),CHClFCF2CF3(HCFC-226ca),CHF2CF2CClF2(HCFC-226cb),CF3CHClCF3(HCFC-226da),CClF2CHFCF3(HCFC-226ea),CHF2CF2CF3(HFC-227ca),CF3CFHCF3(HFC-227ea),CHF2CClFCHF2(HCFC-23 5ba),CH2FCClFCF3(HCFC-235bb),CHClFCF2CHF2(HCFC-235ca),CH2ClCF2CF3(HCFC-235cb),CH2FCF2CClF2(HCFC-235cc),CHF2CHClCF3(HCFC-235da),CHClFCHFCF3(HCFC-235ea),CHF2CHFCClF2(HCFC-235eb),CClF2CH2CF3(HCFC-235fa),CHF2CF2CHF2(HFC-236ca),CH2FCF2CF3(HFC-236cb),CHF2CHFCF3(HFC-236ea),CF3CH2CF3(HFC-236fa),CH2FCF2CHF2(HFC-245ca),CH3CF2CF3(HFC-245cb),CHF2CHFCHF2(HFC-245ea),CH2FCHFCF3(HFC-245eb),CHF2CH2CF3(HFC-245fa),CH2FCF2CH2F(HFC-254ca),CH2CF2CHF2(HFC-254cb),CH2FCHFCHF2(HFC-254ea),CH3CHFCF3(HFC-254eb),CHF2CH2CHF2(HFC-254fa),CH2FCH2CF3(HFC-254fb),CH3CF2CH3(HFC-272ca),CH3CHFCH2F(HFC-272ea),CH2FCH2CH2F(HFC-272fa),CH3CH2CF2H(HFC-272fb),CH3CHFCH3(HFC-281ea),CH3CH2CH2F(HFC-281fa),CF3CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-329p),CF3CF2CFHCF3(HFC-329me),CF3CF2CF2CFH2(HFC-338q),CF3CF2CH2CF3(HFC-338mf),CF3CF2CFHCF2H(HFC-338pe),CF3CFHCF2CF2H(HFC-338pce),CHF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-338pcc),CF3CFHCFHCF3(HFC-338mee),CF3CF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-42-11p),CF3CF2CFHCF2CF3(HFC-42-11mce),CF3CF2CF2CFHCF3(HFC-42-11me),CF3CF2CH2CF2CF3(HFC-43-10mcf),CF3CF2CF2CH2CF3(HFC-43-10mf),CF3CF2CF2CF2CFH2(HFC-43-10q),CF3CF2CF2CFHCF2H(HFC-43-10pe),CF3CF2CFHCF2CF2H(HFC-43-10pce),CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3(HFC-43-10mee),CF2HCF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-43-10pccc),CF3CFHCF2CF2CF2H(HFC-43-10pcce),CF3CFHCF2CFHCF3(HFC-43-10mece),CF3CF2CF2CF3CF2CF2H(HFC-52-13p),C4F9OCH3,和C4F9OC2H5。优选的氟代烃是:
CHClF2(HCFC-22),CHF3(HFC-23),CH2F2(HFC-32),CHClFCF3(HCFC-124),CHF2CF3(HFC-125),CHF2CHF2(HFC-134),CH2FCF3(HFC-134a),CF3CH3(HFC-143a),CHF2CH3(HFC-152a),CHF2CF2CF3(HFC-227ca),CF3CFHCF3(HFC-227ea),CF3CH2CF3(HFC-236fa),CHF2CH2CF3(HFC-245fa),CHF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-338pcc),CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3(HFC-43-10mee),以及共沸的和类共沸的卤代烃组合物如:HCFC-22/HFC-152a/HCFC-124(R-401A,R-401B,R-401C),HFC-125/HFC-143a/HFC-134a(R-404A),HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-134a(R-407A,R-407B,R-407C),HCFC-22/HFC-143a/HFC-125(R-408A),HCFC-22/HCFC-124/HCFC-142b(R-409A),HFC-32/HFC-125(R-410A),和HFC-125/HFC-143a(R-507).
本发明的卤代烃还可以包含最多10wt%的至少一种C3~C5烃,例如,丙烷、丙烯、环丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷和正戊烷。含有这类C3~C5烃的卤代烃的例子是类共沸组合物-HCFC-22/HFC-125/丙烷(R-402A,R-402B)和HCFC-22/八氟丙烷/丙烷(R-403A,R-403B)。
本发明的油是在采用以CFC为基础的制冷剂的冷冻设备中惯用作润滑剂的油。这类油及其性能叙述于1990 ASHRAE Handbook,Refrigeration System and Applications(冷冻系统和应用),第八章,标题“冷冻系统中的润滑剂”,第8.1~8.21页。本发明的油包括本领域中众所周知的称作矿物油的化合物族。矿物油包括石蜡(直链和支碳链饱和烃)、环烷属烃(环烷)、芳烃(含有一个或多个以交替双键为特征的环的不饱和环烃)和非烃(分子除含碳和氢外,还含硫、氮或氧)。本发明的油还包括本领域中熟知的称作合成油的化合物。合成油包括烷基芳烃(如线形和支链烷基链的烷基苯)、合成石蜡和聚α-烯烃。本发明的市售润滑油的例子是Suniso3GS、Sontex372LT和CalumetRO-30(前三种都是环烷)、Zerol150(烷基苯)和“BVM100N”(石蜡)。
本发明的聚合物油回流剂的数均分子量(Mn)至少约3000。在优选的实施方案中,聚合物油回流剂的数均分子量至少约6,000。在更优选的实施方案中,聚合物油回流剂的数均分子量约10,000直至40,000以上,在许多情况下,为100,000以上。本发明的聚合物油回流剂的多分散性(Mw/Mn,其中,Mw是重均分子量)没有严格限制,对于效用良好的聚合物油回流剂,其值一般为1~5。
本发明的聚合物油回流剂可以不含氟。在本发明的优选实施方案中,聚合物油回流剂含有氟。在本发明的聚合物油回流剂是氟代和非氟代丙烯酸酯的无规共聚物的优选实施方案中,聚合物油回流剂的氟含量大于0而小于50wt%,优选氟含量至少约10wt%,更优选约25wt%。
本发明的聚合物油回流剂包括含至少一种用通式CH2=C(R1)CO2R2、CH2=C(R3)C6H4R4和CH2=C(R5)C6H4XR6代表的单体构成的重复单元的聚合物,其中,X是氧或硫,R1、R3和R5各自选自H和C1~C4烷基,R2、R4和R6各自选自含有C和F的以碳链为基础的基团,还可以含有H、Cl、醚氧或为硫醚、亚砜或砜基团形式的硫。其有代表性的基是烷基、烷氧烷基、氟代烷基、氟代烷氧烷基、烷基苯基、烷氧烷基苯基、氟代烷基苯基、氟代烷氧烷基苯基和氟代烷氧氟代烷基苯基。R2不能是全氟代的,因为已知这种结构是不稳定的。
有代表性的烷基是由通式-CaH(2a+1)所代表的那些,其中a是1~20。
有代表性的烷氧基烷基是由通式-(CH2O)bR7和-(CHR8CHR9O)cR10所代表的那些,其中b和c各自选自1~20,R7~R10各自选自H和由通式-CdH(2d+1)所代表的烷基,其中d是1~20。
有代表性的氟代烷基是由通式-CeF(2e+1-f)Hf所代表的那些,其中e是1~20,f是0~2e。
有代表性的氟代烷氧基烷基是由通式-(CH2O)gR11和-(CHR12CHR13O)hR14所代表的那些,其中g和h各自选自1~20,R12和R13各自选自由通式-CiH(2i+1)所代表的烷基,其中i是1~5,R11和R14各自选自由通式-CkF(2k+1-m)Hm所代表的氟代烷基,其中k是1~20,m是0至2k。
有代表性的氟代烷氧基氟代烷基是由通式-(CR15R16O)nR17和-(CR18R19CR20R21O)pR22所代表的那些,其中,n和p各自选自1~20,R15、R15、R18、R19、R20和R21各自选自H、F和由通式-CqF(2q+1-r)Hr代表的氟代烷基,其中q是1~20,r是0~2q,R17和R22各自选自由通式-CsF(2s+1-t)Ht所代表的氟代烷基,其中,s是1~20,t是0~2s。
有代表性的烷基苯基是由通式-C6H4CuH(2u+1)和-C6H4OCuH(2u+1)所代表的那些,其中u是1~20。
有代表性的烷氧基烷基苯基是由通式-C6H4R23和-C6H4OR23所代表的那些,其中R23选自通式-(CH2O)vR24和-(CHR25CHR26O)wR27,其中v和w各自选自1~20,R24~R27各自选自H和选自由-CxH(2x+1)所代表的烷基,其中x是1~20。
有代表性的氟代烷基苯基是由通式-C6H4CyF(2y+1-z)Hz和-C6H4OCyF(2y+1-z)Hz所代表的那些,其中y是1~20,z是0~2y。
有代表性的氟代烷氧基烷基苯基是由通式-C6H4R28和-C6H4OR28所代表的那些,其中R28选自-(CH2O)a′R29和-(CHR30CHR31O)b′R32,其中a′和b′各自选自1~20,R30和R31各自选自由通式-Cc′H(2c′+1)所代表的烷基,其中c′是1~5,R29和R32各自选自由通式-Cd ′F(2d′+1-e′)He′所代表的氟代烷基,其中d′是1~20,e′是0~2d′。
有代表性的氟代烷氧基氟代烷基苯基是由通式-C6H4R33和-C6H4OR33所代表的那些,其中R33选自通式-(CR34R35O)fR36和-(CR37R38CR39R40O)g′R41,其中f′和g′各自选自1~20,R34、R35、R37、R38、R39和R40各自选自H、F和由通式-Ch′F(2h′+1-i′)Hi′所代表的氟代烷基,其中h′是1~5,i′是0~2h′,R36和R41各自选自由通式-Cj′F(2j′+1-k′)Hk′所代表的氟代烷基,其中j′是1~20,k′是0~2j′。
R6可以包括含C和F及含有不饱和键的氟代链烯基,易获得的是四氟乙烯和六氟丙烯等氟代烯烃的低聚物。例如:本发明的聚合物油回流剂包括含有通式CH2=C(R5)C6H4XR6所代表的单体构成的重复单元的聚合物,其中X是氧,R5如前述定义,R6是基团-C(CF3)=C(CF(CF3)2)2,该基团来自易得的六氟丙烯的三聚体(CF(CF3)=C(CF(CF3)2)2)。
本发明的优选的聚合物油回流剂是选自下述一类聚合物所代表的那些,该类聚合物包含至少一种用通式CH2=C(R1)CO2R2所代表的单体构成的重复单元,其中R1选自H、C1和C2烷基,R2选自C1~C20烷基和-CH2CH2Ck′F(2k′+1),其中k′为2~12。本发明的这种聚合物油回流剂称为ZonylPHS,由杜邦公司(Wilmington,DE,19898,USA)出品,这种油回流剂是一种由下述原料聚合制造的无规共聚物,即40wt%CH2=C(CH3)CO2CH2CH2(CF2CF2)m′F(本文也称作Zonyl氟代甲基丙烯酸酯或ZFM)其中m′为1~12,主要是2~8,和60wt%甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(CH2=C(CH3)CO2(CH2)11CH3,也称作LMA)。
本发明的聚合物油回流剂,在本发明组合物中要以能使卤代烃和润滑油形成溶液或稳定分散液的有效量使用。所谓的“稳定分散液”意指:所形成的卤代烃和油的分散液,要使与卤代烃一起在冷冻系统中从非压缩机区回流到压缩机区的油量能够维持可接受的压缩机润滑作用,因此维持整个冷冻系统的正常运转。在本发明的包含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子的卤代烃、选自矿物油和合成油的油,以及聚合物油回流剂的组合物中,组合物的约10wt%以下是聚合物油回流剂。这是聚合物油回流剂在本组合物中的有效量,该量使所述卤代烃和所述油的溶液或稳定的分散液得以形成,并使油在压缩冷冻系统中能从非压缩机区足量回流到压缩机区。
烃油回流剂载体是本发明组合物的任选组分,包括含至少6个碳原子的脂族烃。例如,己烷、庚烷、辛烷、煤油及其混合物,以及特别是硫含量少于0.2wt%的精制煤油。优选的这种市售化合物是IsoparH(低芳烃高纯度异链烷烃,由Exxon Chemical出品)。烃油回流剂载体与本发明聚合物油回流剂一起使用,使得油在压缩冷冻系统中从非压缩机区向压缩机区的回流状况极好。烃油回流剂载体有助于优选的以丙烯酸酯为基础的聚合物油回流剂的处理(在标准状况下为粘稠粘性物料),因为在烃油回流剂载体中可以形成以丙烯酸酯为基础的聚合物油回流剂的溶液。在制备以丙烯酸酯为基础的聚合物油回流剂中,可以用烃油回流剂载体作聚合溶剂,因此在制备时加入烃油回流剂载体是有益的。
消泡剂是本发明组合物的任选组分。消泡剂能够用来防止冷冻系统或空调系统中形成泡沫。本发明中有效的消泡剂包括(但不限于),聚二甲基硅氧烷(Dow 200)、乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(Gelest DMS-V31,DMS-V52)、三甲基封端的三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷(Dow FS-1265)、苯基甲基硅氧烷(Gelest PMP-5053)和乙烯基封端的三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物(Gelest FMV-4031)。
包含卤代烃、油、油回流剂和任选油回流剂载体的本发明组合物,包含40~99wt%卤代烃、1~60wt%油、0.001~10wt%油回流剂和0~20wt%油回流剂载体(以总组合物重量为基准计)。更优选该组合物包含50~90wt%卤代烃、10~50wt%油、0.005~5wt%油回流剂和0~10wt%油回流剂载体。
包含卤代烃、油回流剂和任选油回流剂载体的本发明的另外的组合物,以及,包含油、油回流剂和任选油回流剂载体的本发明的另外的组合物所包含的各组分的重量比,和包含卤代烃、油、油回流剂和任选油回流剂载体的本发明组合物所计算的各组分重量比相同。也就是说,在本发明组合物中,卤代烃与油的重量比为约0.6(40/60)至约99(99/1),油与油回流剂的重量比为约0.1(1/10)至约60,000(60/0.001),而油回流剂载体与油回流剂的重量比为约20,000(20/0.001)至组合物完全不含油回流剂载体。
本发明还包括制冷的方法,其包括在待冷体附近使本制冷组合物蒸发,还包括加热方法,其包括在待加热体附近使本制冷组合物冷凝。
本发明还涉及将卤代烃分散在油中的方法,包括:在有效量聚合物油回流剂存在下使卤代烃与油接触,形成卤代烃和油的溶液或稳定分散液,其中卤代烃含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子,油选自矿物油和合成油。
本发明还涉及将油在冷冻系统中从非压缩机区回流到压缩机区的方法,该方法包括:
(a)使油在非压缩机区与至少一种卤代烃在有效量聚合物油回流剂存在下进行接触,形成包含卤代烃和油的溶液或稳定分散液,和
(b)将油以溶液或稳定分散液的形式在冷冻系统中从非压缩机区输送到压缩机区。
其中,卤代烃含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子,油选自矿物油和合成油。
本发明还涉及在冷冻系统中将油在冷冻系统中从低压区输送到压缩机区的方法,该方法包括:
(a)使油在冷冻系统低压区与至少一种卤代烃在有效量聚合物油回流剂存在下进行接触,形成包含卤代烃和油的溶液或稳定的分散液,和
(b)将油以溶液或稳定分散液的形式从冷冻系统的低压区输送到压缩机区。
其中,卤代烃含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子,油选自矿物油和合成油。
含有卤代烃和聚合物油回流剂的本发明组合物也用作清洁剂,以其从固体表面除去烃油和助焊剂。卤代烃,特别是氢氟碳化合物如CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3(HFC-43-10mee)具有有限的油内溶解度。将聚合物油回流剂加到这类卤代烃中,能提高卤代烃,特别是氢氟碳化合物的溶解能力,至少是部分地有所提高,因此也就提高了其从表面除去油和助焊剂的能力。
所以,本发明还涉及采用包含卤代烃和聚合物油回流剂的本发明组合物进行汽相脱油垢和溶剂清洗的方法。这种汽相脱油垢方法包括:使待清洗基质,例如沾污的残渣、硅-金属复合电路板、金属(如不锈钢)零件等,与液相的本发明卤代烃/油回流剂组合物相接触,进一步将其与该组合物沸腾产生的卤代烃蒸汽接触,卤代烃蒸汽在基质表面上冷凝,提供清洁的经蒸馏过的卤代烃,进一步清洗残余油回流剂和焊剂或其它残渣。卤代烃从基质蒸发,而不留下残渣。本发明溶剂清洗方法包括:使待清洗基质与本发明的含聚合物油回流剂的液相组合物相接触,接着从组合物中取出基质。在难以除去污物和油垢、须用高温以改善溶剂的清洗作用的情况下,或者在必须有效快速清洗基质的大体积组装流水线作业的情况下,蒸汽脱垢的传统操作包括:将待清洗零件浸在装有沸腾溶剂的池中,除去大量污垢,此后将零件浸在装有室温下蒸馏过的新鲜溶剂的池中,最后将零件置于沸腾池上方的溶剂蒸汽中,溶剂蒸汽冷凝在清洗过的零件表面上。另外,也能先用蒸馏的溶剂对零件进行喷淋,再进行最后清洗。适于上述方法的蒸汽脱垢法本领域中是众所周知的,例如:Sherliker等在美国专利No 3,085,918中公开了这类适宜的蒸汽脱垢法,其设备包括沸腾池、清洗池、水分离器和其它辅助设备。
本发明的包含卤代烃和聚合物油回流剂的组合物,在从各种基质上除去烃油和助焊剂残渣方面是有效的,所述基质包括钨、铜、金、铍、不锈钢、铝合金、黄铜等金属;还有玻璃和陶瓷等表面,如玻璃、蓝宝石、硼硅酸盐玻璃,氧化铝,氧化硅,如用于电子电路的硅片,煅制氧化铝等;还有塑料,如聚烯烃(“Alathon”、Rynite、“Tenite”)、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯(“Styron”)、聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)、四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物(Tefzel)、聚偏氟乙烯(“Kynar”)、离聚物(Surlyn)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(Kralac)、酚醛共聚物、纤维素塑料(“Ethocel”)、环氧树脂、聚缩醛(Delrin)、聚(对苯醚)(Noryl)、聚醚酮(“Ultrapek”)、聚醚醚酮(“Victrex”)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(“Valox”)、聚芳酯(Arylon)、液晶聚合物、聚酰亚胺(Vespel)、聚醚酰亚胺(“Ultem”)、聚酰胺酰亚胺(“Torlon”)、聚对亚苯基硫醚(“Rython”)、聚砜(“Udel”)和聚芳砜(“Rydel”)。
实施例
在下述实施例中,无标记的百分数(%)指的是所讨论的所有组分中指定物料的重量百分数。除了另有说明外,实例中的ZonylPHS指的是由40 wt%ZFM(Zonyl氟代甲基丙烯酸酯CH2=C(CH3)CO2CH2CH2(CF2CF2)m′F,其中m′为1~12,主要是2~8)和60wt%LMA(甲基丙烯酸月桂酯CH2=C(CH3)CO2(CH2)11CH3)制备的无规共聚物。所记录的油回流测定误差为±0.5wt%。
实例1
在适宜的容器中加入下述混合物:含有80wt% HFC-134a、20wt%Zerol150烷基苯油,含有和不含有0.08wt%ZenylPHS油回流剂和0.32%煤油载体。将该混合物震荡10分钟,然后置于室温近距离声波定位器浴中30分钟。将上述容器从浴中取出之后,目测制冷剂层和油层完全分离的时间,即肉眼看到透明相的时间。结果记录在表1中。
表1
油层保持透明 的时间 | 制冷剂层保持 透明的时间 | |
HFC-134a/Zerol(80/20%) | 1小时50分钟 | 17分钟 |
HFC-134a/Zerol/ZonylPHS/煤油(80/19.6/0.08/0.32%) | >24小时 | >24小时 |
结果说明ZonylPHS的加入显著改善了HFC-134a和烷基苯之间的分散能力。
实例2
在适宜的容器中加入下述混合物,其含有95wt%1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊烷(HFC-43-10mee)和4.9wt%Suniso3GS矿物油,含有和不含有0.02wt%ZonylPHS油回流剂和0.08wt%油回流剂载体煤油。将该混合物震荡10分钟,然后置于室温近距离声波定位器浴30分钟。将上述容器从浴中取出之后,记录制冷剂层和油层完全分离的时间,即肉眼看到透明相的时间。结果记录在表2中。
表2
油层保持透明 的时间 | 制冷剂层保持 透明的时间 | |
HFC-43-10mee/3GS(95/5%) | >18小时 | 43分钟 |
HFC-43/-10mee/3GS/ZonylPHS/煤油(95/4.9/0.02/0.08wt%) | >24小时 | 53分钟 |
结果说明ZonylPHS的加入改善了HFC-43-10mee和矿物油之间的分散能力。
实例3
进行溶混性试验,测定通常不溶混的制冷剂/油加入Zonyl添加剂是否能够成为单相混合物。在适宜容器中加入1.2g HFC-134a、0.8gSuniso3GS矿物油,以及0.02g ZonylPHS(含80wt%煤油和20wt% ZonylPHS)、ZonylFSA(23~25wt%F(CF2CF2)3-8CH2CH2SCH2CH2CO2Li、35~40wt%水、35~40wt%异丙醇)或ZonylFSN(40wt%F(CF2CF2)3-8(CH2CH2O)3-10H、40wt%水、40wt%异丙醇)。先用肉眼观察混合物,通过出现的相数和透明性(透明或混浊),判断溶混性。然后将所得混合物置于室温超声波作用下5分钟,观察,接着静置5分钟,再进行观察。结果示于表3。
表3
初始 | 声波作用接着 静置5分钟 | 分子量 | |
HFC-134a/3GS加: | |||
ZonylFSA相数 | 透明2 | 混浊2 | ~500 |
ZonylFSN相数 | 混浊2 | 混浊2 | ~950 |
ZonylPHS相数 | 透明2 | 混浊1 | 40,000(Mn) |
然后将这些样品在100℃下加热1小时,在100℃下经超声波作用30分钟,接着在5分钟、1小时和24小时之后室温下进行观察。仅仅有ZonylPHS油回流剂的样品长时间显示两相的稳定分散液。
上述资料说明,ZonylPHS与低分子量ZonylFSA和ZonylFSN相比,分散能力改善。ZonylPHS混合物能够长时间保持2相稳定分散状态,说明制冷剂和润滑油两者的溶混性得到改善。
实例4
进行溶混性试验,测定通常不溶混的制冷剂/油加入ZonylPHS油回流剂是否能成为单相混合物。在试管内加入7.5g制冷剂HFC-43-10mee和2.5g HAB 22油(HAB 22是支链烷基苯油,由Nippon Oil出售)。将48wt% ZonylPHS/52wt%Isopar H油回流剂载体(IsoparH是含有低芳烃的高纯度异链烷烃,Exxon Chemical出售)混合物以0.5g增量加到HFC-43-10mee/HAB 22混合物中。在每次加完之后,将试管震荡1分钟,然后室温静置2分钟。随后,肉眼观察制冷剂相和油相的混浊情况和制冷剂/油界面高度的变化。由于制冷剂和油之间的密度差异,油在顶层。对于SurfynolSE(2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇,由Air Products出售)也进行相似试验。结果示于表4。
表4
加入10g制冷剂/油混 合物中的添加剂的量 | 目视观察,使用 Zonyl PHS/Isopar H | 目视观察,使用 Surfynol SE |
0.5g | 油层-混浊制冷剂层-轻度混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-无变化 | 油层-轻度混浊制冷剂层-混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-无变化 |
1.0g | 油层-重度混浊制冷剂层轻度混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-无变化 | 油层-轻度混浊制冷剂层-混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-无变化 |
1.5g | 油层-重度混浊制冷剂层-轻度混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-较原来低 | 油层-轻度混浊制冷剂层-混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-无变化 |
2.0g | 单一,重度,混浊溶液 | 油层-轻度混浊制冷剂层-混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-无变化 |
2.5g | 单一,重度,混浊溶液 | 油层轻度混浊制冷剂层-混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-无变化 |
3.5~10g | 单一,重度,混浊溶液 | 油层-混浊制冷剂层-混浊油/制冷剂层界面高度-较原来稍低 |
结果说明:通过加入ZonylPHS/Isopar H能够得到一般不溶混的制冷剂/油的单相混合物。而采用SurfynolSE不能得到单相。
实例5
油回流试验在油回流试验装置中按下述进行。将液态制冷剂从加压机筒经铜管喂入加热器,并在加热器内蒸发。然后,制冷剂蒸汽流经压力调节器和计量阀,控制流速恒定为1000~1100cc/min,压力为1atm。制冷剂蒸汽喂入另一铜管,该铜管长180cm,外径为0.635cm,为U形,置于恒温浴中。U-形管(U-管)开始为直线垂直段,37cm长,接着弯曲至水平段,27cm长,位于浴底。该管然后垂直上升呈锯齿形有4个23cm长,接着是再一个垂直直线段23cm长。向U-管填10g油,任选含有油回流剂和油回流剂载体,经37cm竖直管加入U-管中的。使蒸汽制冷剂缓慢经过U-管中的油。离开U-管的制冷剂和油收集在接受器中,并使制冷剂蒸发。然后称油重量,测定有多少被制冷剂带出U-管。
将R401A制冷剂(53wt%HCFC-22,13-wt%HFC-152a和34wt%HCFC-124)置于制冷剂筒内。将Suniso3GS矿物油或油和ZonylPHS,任选加有煤油油回流剂载体,置于铜U形管中,其中油、油回流剂和油回流剂载体总计为10g。恒温浴保持-20℃。将制冷剂蒸汽喂入,经过U-管,流速为1,100cc/min,以6、10、20和30分钟时间间隔测量接受器中的油重。数据示于下表5。
表5
油回流,wt% | ||||
U-管中的油组合物 | 6分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 | 30分钟 |
3GS | 0 | 7.9 | 18.0 | 28.4 |
0.1%ZonylPHS,在3GS中 | 0 | 10.9 | 21.9 | 33.6 |
0.2%ZonylPHS,在3GS中 | 0 | 10.3 | 24.0 | 34.4 |
0.4%ZonylPHS/1.6%煤油,在3GS中 | 6.8 | 18.4 | 38.7 | 50.9 |
上列数据说明,将ZonylPHS加到矿物油中,改善了油的回流,特别是在使用煤油作载体时。
实例6
除了下面所述之外,采用实例5的装置和步骤,对制冷剂R401A(53wt%HCFC-22、13wt%HFC-152a和34wt%HCFC-124)进行试验。将Suniso3GS矿物油(含有和不含有添加剂)与Zerol150进行比较。恒温浴保持在0℃。结果示于表6。
表6
油回流,wt% | ||||
U-管中的油组合物 | 5分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 | 30分钟 |
3GS | 14.7 | 25.8 | 35.1 | 41.2 |
Zerol150 | 22.8 | 34.5 | 45.8 | 53.2 |
2%煤油,在3GS中 | 18.4 | 29.4 | 39.5 | 44.8 |
0.4%ZonylPHS,在3GS中 | 18.5 | 31.3 | 52.3 | 56.8 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+1.6%煤油,在3GS中 | 23.3 | 41.5 | 56.5 | 61.5 |
结果说明,与Zerol150相比,仅将ZonylPHS或者将ZonylPHS/煤油混合物加到矿物油中显著改善了油回流。
实例7
采用实例5的装置和步骤对制冷剂R401A(53wt%HCFC-22、13wt%HFC-152a和34wt%HCFC-124)进行试验。将Suniso3GS(含有和不含有添加剂)与Zerol150进行比较。结果示于表6。
表7
油回流,wt% | ||||
U-管中的油组合物 | 6分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 | 30分钟 |
3GS | 0 | 1.1 | 14.5 | 26.2 |
Zerol150 | 1.1 | 14.1 | 31.0 | 40.0 |
0.4%ZonylPHS,在3GS中 | 2.8 | 10.0 | 27.9 | 45.7 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 10.3 | 17.7 | 44.4 | 54.2 |
0.4%100%LMA均聚物+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 1.3 | 11.8 | 28.8 | 35.1 |
结果说明,通过加入ZonylPHS,任选还含有IsoparH或者通过100%LMA/IsoparH混合物,显著改善了矿物油的油回流。在该制冷剂/油系统中,含有IsoparH的氟代ZonylPHS共聚物与未氟代的LMA均聚物相比,优选前者,这是因为ZonylPHS/IsoparH油回流超过Zerol150。这样,可以从CFC/矿物油制冷系统改型为HCFC制冷剂不须像通常那样将油变为烷基苯。
实例8
采用实例5的装置和步骤,评价对ZonylPHS油回流剂所用的不同油回流剂载体。制冷剂是R401A(53wt%HCFC-22,13wt%HFC-152a和34wt%HCFC-124)。所试验的油是Suniso3GS矿物油。结果示于表8。
表8
油回流,wt% | ||||
U-管中油组合物 | 6分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 | 30分钟 |
3GS | 0.0 | 5.7 | 16.1 | 26.6 |
0.4%ZonylPHS/1.6%煤油,在3GS中 | 6.9 | 17.4 | 32.9 | 44.2 |
0.4%ZonylPHS/1.6%戊烷,在3GS中 | 9.7 | 20.8 | 38.7 | 48.5 |
0.4%ZonylPHS/1.6%辛烷,在3GS中 | 8.9 | 19.9 | 39.5 | 50.5 |
结果说明,煤油、戊烷和辛烷是很有效的ZonylPHS的油回流剂载体。
实例9
除了下面所述外,采用实例5的装置和步骤对R410a(50wt%HFC-32和50wt%HFC-125)进行试验。用多元醇酯油(Mobil EALArctic-22CC)作基准,与加入了油回流剂的Zerol150比较其性能。恒温浴维持0℃。结果示于表9。
表9
油回流,wt% | |||
U-管中的油组合物 | 6分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 |
POE | 22.5 | 30.2 | 39.1 |
3%IsoparH,在Zerol150中 | 22.3 | 27.6 | 34.5 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+3%Isopar H,在Zerol150中 | 28.9 | 39.4 | 46.1 |
结果说明,采用含有0.4%ZonylPHS+3%Isopar H的Zerol150,R410a的油回流性能优于单独用POE。与在Zerol150中仅有IsoparH相比,性能也有所改善。
实例10
除了下面所述之外,采用实例5的装置和步骤对R404A(44wt%HFC-125、52wt%HFC-143a和4wt%HFC-134a)进行试验。油是HAB 22(HAB 22是支链烷基苯油,由Nippon Oil出售)。比较氟代丙烯酸酯ZFM(Zonyl氟代甲基丙烯酸酯:CH2=C(CH3)CO2CH2CH2(CF2CF2)m′F,其中m′为1~12,主要是2~8)和甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(LMA)的各种共聚物。在表10中以下述简写表示这些共聚物,例如,“40/60 ZFM/LMA”表示由40wt%ZFM和60wt%LMA合成的无规共聚物。恒温浴保持-20℃,使制冷剂蒸汽通过U-管20分钟。通过燃烧分析测定聚合物中的F(氟)的wt%。结果示于表10。
表10
油回流,wt% | ||||
U-管中的油组合物 | 聚合物中 氟的wt% | 6分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 |
POE | - | 1.0 | 10.6 | 18.9 |
HAB 22 | - | 0 | 6.1 | 16.2 |
3%IsoparH,在HAB 22中 | - | 0 | 9.6 | 19.2 |
0.4%40/60 ZFM/LMA ZonylPHS,在HAB22中 | 24.3 | 1.0 | 6.4 | 19.5 |
0.4%40/60 ZFM/LMA ZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在HAB22中 | 24.3 | 5.7 | 12.4 | 23.3 |
1.0%40/60 ZFM/LMA ZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在HAB22中 | 24.3 | 5.2 | 11.0 | 22.8 |
0.4%50/50 ZFM/LMA ZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在HAB22中 | 29.4 | 5.1 | 12.1 | 20.8 |
0.4%100%ZFM均聚物+3%IsoparH,在HAB22中 | 63.4 | 2.7 | 10.1 | 17.0 |
0.4%100%LMA均聚物+3%IsoparH,在HAB22中 | 0 | 4.0 | 11.4 | 20.2 |
结果说明,将ZonylPHS/Isopar混合物加到硬性烷基苯油(HB22)中,显著改善了油回流。当是50/50 ZFM/LMA的共聚物时,ZonylPHS在总组合物中的含量为0.4~1.0wt%是有效的。100%LMA和100%ZFM均聚物在油回流方面也显示了某些改善,但是0.4%ZonylPHS(40/60 ZFM/LMA共聚物)+3%IsoparH最有效。
实例11
采用实例5的装置和步骤对制冷剂R401A进行试验。油是Suniso3GS矿物油,与作为基准的Zerol150烷基苯进行比较。比较氟代丙烯酸酯ZFM(Zonyl氟代甲基丙烯酸酯:CH2=C(CH3)CO2CH2CH2(CF2CF2)m′F,其中m′为1~12,主要为2~8)和甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(LMA)或甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(SM)的各种共聚物。这些共聚物以下述简写形式示于表11中,例如,“40/60ZFM/LMA”,表示由40wt%ZFM和60wt%LMA合成的无规共聚物。通过燃烧分析测定聚合物中的F(氟)的wt%。结果示于表11中。
表11
油回流,wt% | ||||||
U-管中的油组合物: | 聚合物Mn | 聚合物Mw | 聚合物中 F的wt% | 6 分钟 | 10 分钟 | 20 分钟 |
3GS | - | - | - | 0 | 1.1 | 14.5 |
Zerol150 | - | - | - | 0.6 | 13.9 | 31.9 |
0.4%20/80 ZFM/LMAZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 44,800 | 180,000 | 11.7 | 6.3 | 18.1 | 33.6 |
0.4% 40/60 ZFM/LMAZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 40,000 | 194,000 | 24.3 | 10.3 | 17.7 | 44.4 |
0.4% 50/50 ZFM/LMAZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 30,700 | 128,000 | 29.4 | 0 | 13.3 | 39.9 |
0.4% 67/33 ZFM/SM+3%IsoparH | 15,000 | 50,400 | 39.7 | 0 | 8.8 | 31.3 |
结果说明:向矿物油中加入20/80、40/60和50/50wt%ZonylPHS/IsoparH所提供的油回流优于烷基苯。与Isopar一起,重量比为67/33的ZFM/SM也使矿物油回流得到改善。
实例12
采用实例5的装置和步骤对制冷剂R401A进行试验。油是Suniso3GS矿物油,与作为基准的Zerol150烷基苯进行比较。比较氟代丙烯酸酯ZFM和LMA聚合到不同分子量的各种共聚物。将这些共聚物以下述简写形式示于表12中,例如:“40/60 ZFM/LMA”,这表示40wt%ZFM和60wt%LMA合成的无规共聚物,还示出了其分子量的差异。通过燃烧分析测定聚合物中的F(氟)的wt%。结果示于表12。
表12
油回流,wt% | ||||||
U-管中的油组合物: | 聚合物Mn | 聚合物Mw | 聚合物中 F的wt% | 6 分钟 | 10 分钟 | 20 分钟 |
3GS | - | - | - | 0 | 1.2 | 19.7 |
Zerol150 | - | - | - | 0 | 9.6 | 31.2 |
3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 0.4 | 14.0 | 30.6 | |||
0.4% 40/60 ZFM/LMAZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 40,000 | 194,000 | 24.3 | 0.5 | 20.1 | 40.9 |
0.4% 40/60 ZFM/LMAZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 12,800 | 23,060 | 24.3 | 2.1 | 19.5 | 42.6 |
0.4% 40/60 ZFM/LMAZonylPHS+3%IsoparH | 6,660 | 9,930 | 24.3 | 0.3 | 21.9 | 41.9 |
结果说明:聚合的数均分子量为6,660~40,000的40/60 ZonylPHS,与3GS、Zerol150和3GS中仅有IsoparH相比,显著改善了油的回流。
实例13
采用实例5的装置和步骤,对含有几种油回流添加剂的制冷剂R401A进行试验,所述添加剂包括ZonylPHS、SurfynolSE和氟代聚苯乙烯CF3(CF2)7(CH2CHC6H5)nCl,其中Mn为2,688,n平均为约21。该聚合物合成叙述在美国专利No 5,773,538中。油是Suniso3GS矿物油,与作为基准的Zerol150烷基苯油进行比较。结果示于表13。
表13
油回流,wt% | |||
U-管中的油组合物 | 6分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 |
3GS | 0 | 0.8 | 12.7 |
Zerol150 | 0 | 8.9 | 26.3 |
3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 0.3 | 10.6 | 25.4 |
0.4% Zonyl PHS+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 5.9 | 14.3 | 37.7 |
0.4% SurfynolSE,在3GS中 | 0 | 0 | 7.7 |
0.4%SurfynolSE+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 3.5 | 8.8 | 21.1 |
0.4%氟代聚苯乙烯,在3GS中 | 0 | 0 | 9.7 |
0.4%氟代聚苯乙烯+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 0 | 6.1 | 20.3 |
结果说明,将ZonylPHS/Isopar混合物加到3GS中,油回流优于采用Zerol150。SurfynolSE和氟代聚苯乙烯CF3(CF2)7(CH2CHC6H5)nCl是无效油回流添加剂,性能比单独IsoparH差。
实例14
在真空烧瓶底部加入已加有0.4%ZonylPHS和IsoparH的HAB、Zerol150或3GS润滑油。将烧瓶抽真空,发现产生泡沫。缓缓加入各种消泡剂,直至泡沫显著减少。Dow 200消泡剂是聚二甲基硅氧烷,350厘沲。Dow FS-1265是三甲基封端的三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷。Gelest FMV-4031是乙烯基封端的三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷。GelestDMS-V52是乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷。结果示于表14。
表14
减少泡沫所需要的量 | |||
HAB,含有0.4%ZonylPHS+3%Isopar | Zerol150,含有0.4%ZonylPHS+3%Isopar | 3GS,含有0.4%ZonylPHS+3%Isopar | |
Dow 200 | >5000ppm | >500ppm | 40ppm |
Dow FS-1265 | 30ppm | 100ppm | |
FMV-4031 | 60ppm | 120ppm | |
DMS-V52 | 200ppm | 200ppm | 200ppm |
结果说明,所有试验的消泡剂在3GS矿物油润滑剂中都是有效的。Dow FS-1265、FMV-4031和DMS-V52对于烷基苯润滑剂是有效的。
实例15
除了下面所述之外,采用实例5的装置和步骤试验含有ZonylPHS和不同消泡剂的制冷剂R402A(38wt%HCFC-22、60wt%HFC-125和2wt%丙烷)的油回流情况。Dow FS-1265是三甲基封端的三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷。Gelest FMV-4031是乙烯基封端的三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷。恒温浴保持0℃。结果示于表15。
表15
油回流,wt% | |||
U-管中油组合物 | 6分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 |
3GS | 7.9 | 16.2 | 36.0 |
Zerol150 | 16.8 | 24.0 | 46.6 |
6%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 22.4 | 29.2 | 37.4 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+6%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 35.4 | 45.2 | 51.3 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+6%IsoparH+130ppm FMV-4031,在3GS中 | 31.9 | 40.3 | 51.5 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+6%IsoparH+110ppm FS-1265,在3GS中 | 31.3 | 40.2 | 52.0 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+6%IsoparH+50ppm Dow 200,在3GS中 | 26.9 | 37.4 | 46.4 |
结果表明,加入消泡剂没有显著影响ZonylPHS的油回流性能。
实例16
对ZonylPHS进行热稳定性试验。将不锈钢、铝和铜试样置于装有R401A制冷剂、3GS油和0.4wt%ZonylPHS、任选含有3wt%IsoparH的密封玻璃管中。将上述管维持在175℃14天。结果示于表16。
表16
在175℃下14天之后 | R401A/3GS/Zonyl PHS | R401A/3GS/Zonyl PHS/Isopar H |
铜外观 | 明亮而有光泽 | 明亮而有光泽 |
铝外观 | 明亮而有光泽 | 明亮而有光泽 |
不锈钢外观 | 稍暗 | 稍暗 |
氟离子(ppm) | 16.1 | 6.9 |
氯离子(ppm) | 16.4 | 13.0 |
酸值(mg KOH/g) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
结果说明,ZonylPHS是热稳定性的,对所试验的金属影响极小,没有形成酸。
实例17
采用ASTM法D446测定3GS和HAB 22润滑油样品的粘度,测试加入油回流剂的影响。结果示于表16。
表17
粘度(厘沲) | |||
25℃ | 40℃ | 100℃ | |
3GS | 61.1 | 28.5 | 4.20 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 42.8 | 24.4 | 4.37 |
Zerol100 | 50.0 | 23.6 | 3.80 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在Zerol100中 | 42.9 | 25.5 | 3.90 |
HAB 22 | 49.3 | 21.6 | 3.54 |
0.4%ZonylPHS+3%IsoparH,在HAB 22中 | 41.6 | 18.6 | 3.90 |
结果说明,系统粘度趋势是所希望的。油/ZonylPHS在高温下的粘度稍高于保护压缩机的纯油。油/ZonylPHS在低温下粘度较低,有助于油流过蒸发器。
实例18
进行试验测试R404A(44wt%HFC-125、52wt%HFC-143a和4wt% HFC-134a)是否能用于Hussmann超市冷冻食品展示箱(HICA-0146-PLK型),该设备采用普通润滑油Suniso 3GS。该展示箱装有Copeland半密封往复压缩机(KAL-016L型),该机在油池装有视镜。该冷冻食品箱放在环境温度的室内,冷凝单元装在室外。吸入管线中采用外径5/8英寸的铜管连接两个单元,液体管线中则采用外径1/2英寸的铜管连接。将300cc样品钢瓶置于液体管线中两个阀门之间。为测定油循环,在系统工作期间,关闭阀门,以捕集制冷剂/油样品。取走样品钢瓶并称重,使制冷剂缓慢蒸发,然后再称钢瓶重,以测定制冷剂的量。残留的油重用于计算制冷剂中油的%或者油循环%。将含有3GS的制冷剂R502(48.8wt%HCFC-22、51.2wt% CFC115(氯五氟乙烷))用作比较基准。结果示于表18。
表18
* 视镜中油面落到视野之下
制冷剂/油组合物 | 油循环 (Wt%) | 载量 (Kbtu/H) | COP |
R502/3GS | 0.16 | 3.26 | 1.67 |
R404A/POE | 0.17 | 3.39 | 1.69 |
R404A/3GS* | 0.12 | 3.31 | 1.70 |
R404A/6%IsoparH,在3GS中 | 0.15 | 3.26 | 1.65 |
R404A/0.4%ZonylPHS+6%IsoparH+100ppm Dow200+120ppm Dow FS1265 | 0.16 | 3.36 | 1.71 |
在使用消泡剂试验期间未见泡沫出现,结果说明加入ZonylPHS/IsoparH/消泡剂提供了与R502/3GS和R404A/POE制冷剂/油组合相类似的油回流,以及类似的载量和效率。与单独IsoparH相比,ZonylPHS/IsoparH/消泡剂的载量和效率也有改善。在R404A/3GS试验中,压缩机油池中油面降到显示油高的视镜视野之下,表示油可能截留在系统其它地方了。
实例19
采用Whirlpool制造的装有Embraco往复压缩机的Sears Coldspot冰箱评价油循环。该冰箱原来采用CFC-12(二氯二氟甲烷)和矿物油进行操作。该冰箱改装为采用R401A和Zerol150烷基苯油或含有ZonylPHS/IsoparH的Suniso 3GS矿物油的混合物。冷冻室维持-18℃,冷藏室为3℃。取样测定油循环,结果示于表19。
表19
油循环,Wt%
稳态时电能消耗瓦数CFC-12/3GS 1.60 164.4R401A/Zerol150 1.85 166.4R401A/3GS 1.44 164.5R401A/(3GS+0.4%Zonyl 1.85 164.1PHS+3%IsoparH)
所有试验温度特性均一致。R401A数据表明,将ZonylPHS/IsoparH加到矿物油中提供的油循环类似于采用Zerol150的情况。与未加入油回流剂的CFC-12/矿物油和R401A/矿物油相比,油回流也得到显著改善。不可能直接计算能量效率,但是稳态时消耗的电力瓦数表明所有试验能量消耗都相似。结果说明,在不改换油的条件下能够进行自CFC-12向R401A的更换。
Claims (23)
1.一种制冷剂组合物,包含:
(a)含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子的卤代烃,
(b)选自矿物油和合成油的油;和
(c)有效量的聚合物油回流剂,其中所述油回流剂使所述卤代烃和所述油形成溶液或稳定分散液,而其中所述油回流剂占所述制冷剂组合物的约10wt%以下。
2.一种组合物,包含:
(a)含有至少一个碳原子和一个氟原子的卤代烃,和
(b)有效量的聚合物油回流剂,其中所述油回流剂使所述卤代烃与包括矿物油和合成油的油形成溶液或稳定分散液。
3.一种与卤代烃制冷剂一起使用的润滑剂组合物,包含:
(a)选自矿物油和合成油的油,和
(b)有效量的聚合物油回流剂,其中所述油回流剂使与卤代烃制冷剂一起使用的所述油形成溶液或稳定分散液。
4.权利要求1的组合物,包含约40~约99wt%卤代烃、约1~约60wt%油和约0.001~约10wt%聚合物油回流剂。
5.权利要求2的组合物,包含约90~约99wt%卤代烃、0.001~约10wt%聚合物油回流剂。
6.权利要求3的组合物,包含约10~99.99wt%油和0.01~约90wt%聚合物油回流剂。
7.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述卤代烃含1~6个碳原子和至少一个氟原子,其常压沸点为约-90℃~约80℃,并任选含有氯和氧原子。
8.权利要求1,2或3的组合物,还含有至少有6个碳原子的烃油回流剂载体。
9.权利要求1,2或3的组合物,还包含消泡剂。
10.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述卤代烃选自:CCl2F2(CFC-12),CHCl2F(HCFC-21),CHClF2(HCFC-22),CHF3(HFC-23),CH2ClF(HCFC-31),CH2F2(HFC-32),CH3F(HFC-41),CHCl2CF3(HCFC-123),CHClFCClF2(HCFC-123a),CHClFCF3(HCFC-124),CHF2CClF2(HCFC-124a),CHF2CF3(HFC-125),CH2ClCF3(HCFC-133a),CHF2CHF2(HFC-134),CH2FCF3(HFC-134a),CClF2CH3(HCFC-142b),CHF2CH2F(HFC-143),CF3CH3(HFC-143a),CHClFCH3(HCFC-151a),CHF2CH3(HFC-152a),CHF2CCl2CF3(HCFC-225aa),CHClFCClFCF3(HCFC-225ba),CHF2CClFCClF2(HCFC-225bb),CHCl2CF2CF3(HCFC-225ca),CHClFCF2CClF2(HCFC-225cb),CHF2CF2CCl2F(HCFC-225cc),CClF2CHClCF3(HCFC-225da),CClF2CHFCClF2(HCFC-225ea),CF3CHFCCl2F(HCFC-225eb),CHF2CClFCF3(HCFC-226ba),CHClFCF2CF3(HCFC-226ca),CHF2CF2CClF2(HCFC-226cb),CF3CHClCF3(HCFC-226da),CClF2CHFCF3(HCFC-226ea),CHF2CF2CF3(HFC-227ca),CF3CFHCF3(HFC-227ea),CHF2CClFCHF2(HCFC-235ba),CH2FCClFCF3(HCFC-235bb),CHClFCF2CHF2(HCFC-235ca),CH2ClCF2CF3(HCFC-235cb),CH2FCF2CClF2(HCFC-235cc),CHF2CHClCF3(HCFC-235da),CHClFCHFCF3(HCFC-235ea),CHF2CHFCClF2(HCFC-235eb),CClF2CH2CF3(HCFC-235fa),CHF2CF2CHF2(HFC-236ca),CH2FCF2CF3(HFC-236cb),CHF2CHFCF3(HFC-236ea),CF3CH2CF3(HFC-236fa),CH2FCF2CHF2(HFC-245ca),CH3CF2CF3(HFC-245cb),CHF2CHFCHF2(HFC-245ea),CH2FCHFCF3(HFC-245eb),CHF2CH2CF3(HFC-245fa),CH2FCF2CH2F(HFC-254ca),CH2CF2CHF2(HFC-254cb),CH2FCHFCHF2(HFC-254ea),CH3CHFCF3(HFC-254eb),CHF2CH2CHF2(HFC-254fa),CH2FCH2CF3(HFC-254fb),CH3CF2CH3(HFC-272ca),CH3CHFCH2F(HFC-272ea),CH2FCH2CH2F(HFC-272fa),CH3CH2CF2H(HFC-272fb),CH3CHFCH3(HFC-281ea),CH3CH2CH2F(HFC-281fa),CF3CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-329p),CF3CF2CFHCF3(HFC-329me),CF3CF2CF2CFH2(HFC-338q),CF3CF2CH2CF3(HFC-338mf),CF3CF2CFHCF2H(HFC-338pe),CF3CFHCF2CF2H(HFC-338pce),CHF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-338pcc),CF3CFHCFHCF3(HFC-338mee),CF3CF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-42-11p),CF3CF2CFHCF2CF3(HFC-42-11mce),CF3CF2CF2CFHCF3(HFC-42-11me),CF3CF2CH2CF2CF3(HFC-43-10mcf),CF3CF2CF2CH2CF3(HFC-43-10mf),CF3CF2CF2CF2CFH2(HFC-43-10q),CF3CF2CF2CFHCF2H(HFC-43-10pe),CF3CF2CFHCF2CF2H(HFC-43-10pce),CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3(HFC-43-10mee),CF2HCF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-43-10pccc),CF3CFHCF2CF2CF2H(HFC-43-10pcce),CF3CFHCF2CFHCF3(HFC-43-10mece),CF3CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-52-13p),C4F9OCH3,和C4F9OC2H5.
11.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述卤代烃选自:CHClF2(HCFC-22),CHF3(HFC-23),CH2F2(HFC-32),CHClFCF3(HCFC-124),CHF2CF3(HFC-125),CHF2CHF2(HFC-134),CH2FCF3(HFC-134a),CF3CH3(HFC-143a),CHF2CH3(HFC-152a),CHF2CF2CF3(HFC-227ca),CF3CFHCF3(HFC-227ea),CF3CH2CF3(HFC-236fa),CHF2CH2CF3(HFC-245fa),CHF2CF2CF2CF2H(HFC-338pcc),和CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3(HFC-43-10mee).
12.权利要求1的制冷剂组合物,其中卤代烃选自基本由下述各组组成的共沸组合物或类共沸组合物:HCFC-22,HFC-152a,和HCFC-124;HFC-125,HFC-143a,和HFC-134a;HFC-32,HFC-125,HFC-134a;HCFC-22,HFC-143a,和HFCC-125;HCFC-22,HCFC-124,HCFC-142b;HFC-32和HFC-125;以及HFC-125和HFC-143a。
13.权利要求1的制冷剂组合物,还包含约0~约10wt%至少一种C3~C5烃。
14.权利要求1或3的组合物,其中所述油选自链烷烃、环烷烃、芳烃、烷芳烃、合成链烷烃和聚α-烯烃。
15.权利要求1,2或3的组合物,其中聚合物油回流剂含有氟。
16.权利要求14的组合物,其中聚合物油回流剂含有至少约11wt%氟。
17.权利要求1,2或3的组合物,其中所述聚合物油回流剂的数均分子量至少约3,000。
18.权利要求1,2或3的组合物,其中所述聚合物油回流剂的数均分子量至少约6,000。
19.权利要求1,2或3的组合物,其中所述聚合物油回流剂的数均分子量至少约10,000。
20.权利要求1,2或3的组合物,其中所述聚合物油回流剂是包含至少一种由通式CH2=C(R1)-CO2-R2和CH2=C(R3)-C6H4-R4代表的单体的聚合物,其中R1和R3各自选自氢和C1~C4烷基,R2和R4各自选自烃基,该烃基还可以含有卤和氧原子。
21.权利要求20的组合物,其中所述聚合物油回流剂是包含至少一种由通式CH2=C(R1)-CO2-R2代表的单体的聚合物,其中R1选自氢和C1~C2烷基,R2选自C1~C12烷基和-CH2CH2-CxF(2x+1)基团,其中x是2~20。
22.一种制冷方法,包括在待冷却体附近使权利要求1或2的组合物蒸发。
23.一种产生热的方法,包括在待加热体附近使权利要求1或2的组合物冷凝。
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AT (1) | ATE215596T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU761993B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9908205A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2314080A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69901160T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2172979T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999036485A1 (zh) |
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CN108138075A (zh) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-06-08 | Kh新化株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物及使用该组合物的冷冻机用工作流体组合物 |
CN108410427A (zh) * | 2008-05-07 | 2018-08-17 | 科慕埃弗西有限公司 | 可用作热传递组合物的组合物 |
CN108495917A (zh) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-09-04 | Jxtg能源株式会社 | 冷冻机油 |
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GB9901667D0 (en) | 1999-01-26 | 1999-03-17 | Ici Plc | Lubricant composition |
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JP5436865B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-03 | 2014-03-05 | アールピーエル ホールディングス リミテッド | 冷媒組成物 |
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JP2011513538A (ja) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-04-28 | アーケマ・インコーポレイテッド | ブロックコポリマー油リターン剤 |
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CN111492030A (zh) | 2017-11-27 | 2020-08-04 | Rpl控股有限公司 | 低gwp之冷冻剂共混物 |
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US5792383A (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1998-08-11 | Witco Corporation | Reduction of enterfacial tension between hydrocarbon lubricant and immiscible liquid refrigerant |
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-
1999
- 1999-01-15 AU AU22342/99A patent/AU761993B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-15 CN CN99802211A patent/CN1288483A/zh active Pending
- 1999-01-15 AT AT99902335T patent/ATE215596T1/de active
- 1999-01-15 ES ES99902335T patent/ES2172979T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-15 KR KR1020007007826A patent/KR20010034190A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-15 JP JP2000540194A patent/JP2002509179A/ja active Pending
- 1999-01-15 WO PCT/US1999/001031 patent/WO1999036485A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-15 EP EP99902335A patent/EP1047747B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-15 US US09/231,847 patent/US6299792B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-15 BR BR9908205-5A patent/BR9908205A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-15 CA CA002314080A patent/CA2314080A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-15 DE DE69901160T patent/DE69901160T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN108410427A (zh) * | 2008-05-07 | 2018-08-17 | 科慕埃弗西有限公司 | 可用作热传递组合物的组合物 |
CN113201313A (zh) * | 2008-05-07 | 2021-08-03 | 科慕埃弗西有限公司 | 可用作热传递组合物的组合物 |
US11312890B2 (en) | 2008-05-07 | 2022-04-26 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Compositions comprising 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1 -trifluoropropane, 2-chloro-1,1,1 -trifluoropropene, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene |
US11512239B2 (en) | 2008-05-07 | 2022-11-29 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Compositions comprising 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane, 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene |
CN103108936A (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-05-15 | 大金工业株式会社 | 具有改善滑动性的hfo制冷剂组合物 |
CN103108936B (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2015-12-16 | 大金工业株式会社 | 具有改善滑动性的hfo制冷剂组合物 |
CN108138075A (zh) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-06-08 | Kh新化株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物及使用该组合物的冷冻机用工作流体组合物 |
CN108138075B (zh) * | 2015-09-29 | 2021-08-31 | Kh新化株式会社 | 冷冻机油组合物及使用该组合物的冷冻机用工作流体组合物 |
CN108495917A (zh) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-09-04 | Jxtg能源株式会社 | 冷冻机油 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2234299A (en) | 1999-08-02 |
AU761993B2 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
DE69901160D1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
US6299792B1 (en) | 2001-10-09 |
DE69901160T2 (de) | 2002-10-31 |
ATE215596T1 (de) | 2002-04-15 |
BR9908205A (pt) | 2000-11-28 |
CA2314080A1 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
KR20010034190A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
WO1999036485A1 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
ES2172979T3 (es) | 2002-10-01 |
EP1047747A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
JP2002509179A (ja) | 2002-03-26 |
EP1047747B1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
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