CN1281558C

CN1281558C - Method for producing fermented potash fertilizer by bacterium enzymatic treatment of potassium-containing rock and preparing organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizers

Info

Publication number: CN1281558C
Application number: CNB2005100030879A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔克昌; 周吉彬
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-05-29
Filing date: 2005-05-29
Publication date: 2006-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 2025-05-29
Also published as: CN1699294A

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for preparing a fermentation potash fertilizer and an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer from bacterial enzyme potassium-bearing rock. The method for preparing the fermentation potash fertilizer comprises the steps that eighty percent to ninety-seven percent of potassium-bearing rock and three percent to twenty percent bones are mixed and crashed so as to be made into fermentation potassium substrate powder; twenty percent to fifty percent of fermentation potassium substrate, twenty percent to fifty percent of auxiliary agent and twenty percent to fifty percent of organic matter are mixed and crashed so as to be made into enzyme leaven; fifty percent to eighty percent of fermentation potassium substrate powder and ten percent to fifty percent enzyme leaven are mixed, crashed and stacked for fermentation for twenty to forty days, the temperature is raised from fourteen DEG C to eighteen DEG C, the temperature is reduced to cool material to be fourteen DEG C to eighteen DEG C, and thus, the fermentation potash fertilizer is prepared. The method for preparing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the steps that fifty percent to eight percent of fermentation potash fertilizer, four percent to twenty percent of urea, five percent to twenty percent of coarse whiting and ten percent to thirty percent of organic matter are mixed, crashed, granulated and baked, and thus, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared. The present invention changing wastes into valuables, eliminates pollution, purifies environment, facilitates the beneficial cycle of ecological agriculture and soil improvement, adds the fertility of the soil, raises the quality of crops and saves equipment, time and material. Besides, the present invention is convenient and is conveniently popularized.

Description

Method for preparing fermented potassium fertilizer by bacterium enzymolysis of potassium-containing rock

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biochemical fertilizers, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a fermented potassium fertilizer and preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by using potassium-containing rocks through bacterial enzymolysis.

Background

Potassium-containing rocks such as potassium feldspar, potassium-containing shale, illite, mung bean rock and the like naturally stored in nature are mineralized potassium, and the mineralized potassium is not easy to decompose, difficult to dissolve in water and difficult to absorb by plants. These hardly soluble potassium ores are extremely abundant in resources, but are difficult to develop and utilize. If the insoluble ore is developed and utilized by industrial methods such as sulfuric acid method and hydrochloric acid method, the equipment is easy to corrode, the process is complex, the separation rate is low, and the cost is high. By adopting the sintering method, because the active potassium ions are easy to volatilize, the sintering excess material contains lower potassium oxide, the energy consumption is high, the cost is high, and serious pollution exists during sintering, so the method is not easy to popularize.

In developing and utilizing insoluble potassium ore resources at home and abroad, the current advanced preparation method is a two-step decomposition preparation method of firstly preparing strains and then inoculating. A method for producing bacterial potash fertilizer by decomposing insoluble potassium ore through microbial solid fermentation (published in 4-11.2001) is a two-step decomposition preparation method of preparing bacterial liquid and then inoculating. In the process of preparing the bacterial liquid, equipment such as a triangular flask, a large shaking table and a fermentation tank and concentrated materials such as peptone, yeast, grease, corn flour and the like need to be used, the technological process has strict requirements, expensive ingredients, more used equipment and higher cost. If the preparation link of the sterile liquid is difficult to implement.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for preparing a fermented potassium fertilizer by bacteria which can directly decompose potassium without a bacterial liquid preparation link.

Fermentation is carried out only under the action of enzymes, so that fermentation and enzymatic conversion are integrated. The enzyme adopted by the invention is generated by organic acid, especially fatty unsaturated organic acid, under the action of active metal ions. The potassium-containing rock adopted by the invention contains rich potassium (K)⁺) Magnesium (Mg)⁺⁺) Iron (Fe)⁺⁺) Aluminum (Al)⁺⁺⁺) Plasmametal ion and silicon (Si)⁺⁺⁺⁺) Ions. When the potassium yeast substrate powder and the enzymatic leavening agent are directly mixed and stacked, the lipid metal particles are ionized, and natural conditions for enzyme production are achieved. During this process, rod-shaped and egg-shaped potassium-decomposing bacteria which present cell membranes are bred. ByThe potassium-bearing rock contains sufficient SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、K₂O、MgO、MnO₂And multiple trace elements, the composition structure of which is a molecular sieve and an acidic catalyst, so that nano-scale bacterial cells can freely permeate and diffuse. The invention does not need to prepare bacterial liquid firstly because animal and vegetable oil residues, refined oil filter residues and soapstock in the enzymatic leavening agent respectively contain a large amount of phospholipid, protein and the like, thereby forming phospholipid stem cells naturally. Under the interaction of the potassium fermentation substrate powder and the enzymatic leavening agent, a biochemical environment for potassium decomposition, namely a zymolytic state is formed, so that potassium decomposition bacteria can be propagated. With the increase of the accumulation time, the temperature of the mixed material is gradually increased, and the bacteria are rapidly propagated. And in the whole process of heating up between 14 and 88 ℃ and cooling down again, the potassium-decomposing bacteria grow in a geometric series. The more potassium-decomposing bacteria, the higher the potassium-decomposing rate, so that the insoluble potassium and other trace elements in the potassium-containing rock can be quickly decomposed into acid soluble potassium and various soluble trace elements which can be easily absorbed by plants, and the potassium-decomposing process is completed, thereby obtaining the fermented potassium fertilizer.

When the fermented potassium fertilizer prepared by the method is observed under an electron microscope with the magnification of 1-3 ten thousand times, most of potassium-decomposing bacteria are rod-shaped cells, a large amount of pili and hyphae wrap the surfaces of the potassium-decomposing bacteria, and cell nucleuses and cell channels of the potassium-decomposing bacteria are clearly visible.

The chemical reaction formula of the bacterial enzymatic hydrolysis is as follows:

the invention takes potassium-containing rocks as main raw materials, prepares the fermented potash fertilizer by bacterial enzymatic fermentation, and the method comprises the following steps:

1. mixing and crushing 80-97 wt% of potassium-containing rock and 3-20 wt% of bone to prepare 80-200-mesh fermented potassium matrix powder.

2. Taking 20-50% of a fermentation enzyme substrate, 20-50% of an auxiliary agent and 20-50% of organic humic acid by weight, mixing, crushing and uniformly stirring to prepare the enzymatic leavening agent.

3. Taking 50-80% by weight of potassium yeast matrix powder, 10-50% by weight of enzymatic leavening agent and optionally 10-30% by weight of ground phosphate rock, mixing, crushing, adding water, stirring uniformly, stacking and fermenting, heating to 88 ℃ from the normal temperature of 14-18 ℃, continuously stacking for 20-40 days, and cooling to the normal temperature of 14-18 ℃ to prepare the potassium yeast fertilizer.

The fermented potash fertilizer prepared by the invention contains potassium (K) through detection and analysis₂O)4 to 9 percent, phosphorus(P₂O₅) 1-4%, nitrogen (N) 0.5-1.5%, and organic matter 5-15%. It can be directly applied, andalso can be used as main raw material for preparing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The substrate of the ferment enzyme adopted by the invention is animal oil residue or vegetable oil residue or refined oil filter residue or soapstock. The animal oil foot includes pig miscellaneous oil foot, beef and mutton oil foot, etc. The vegetable oil residue includes rapeseed oil residue, soybean oil residue, tea seed oil residue, etc. The oil residue and the filter residue can be used independently or in a mixed way.

The auxiliary agent adopted by the invention is potassium permanganate filter residue or electrolytic MnO₂Filter residue or yellow phosphorus slag or ammonium molybdate slag or ferrous sulfate slag or zinc slag or sulfuric acid slag or ferrosilicon slag or phosphorus amine slag or domestic garbage slag or cement chimney ash or steelmaking ash or ironmaking ash and the like. The slag, the filter residue and the ash can be used independently or mixed according to the requirement.

Potassium permanganate filter residue containing MnO₂·K₂O is more than 40 percent, whereinK₂O content is about 10%; electrolytic MnO₂Filter residue containing MnO₂、SiO₂、CaO、K₂O is more than 50 percent. The waste residue of Guizhou Zunyi chemical plant needs to be poured over 150 tons every day, which occupies large area, has heavy pollution and can be fully utilized. The manganese ion and potassium ion have strong redox property, and can be used as disinfectant, and it can eliminate virus in the course of enzymatic fermentation, and can be used for preventing and curing diseases and pests in the fertilizer.

The yellow phosphorus slag contains 30 percent of CaO and SiO₂40％、P₂O₅5 percent; ammonium phosphate slag containing CaSO₄、SiO₂、Ae₂O₃、P₂O₅More than 60 percent. Wherein calcium is necessary for plant growth, silicon can promote plant to strengthen stem, strengthen seedling and promote root system to develop, it has strong permeability, and can enhance water absorption of plant root, thus resisting drought and lodging. Guizhou is a phosphorus chemical industry base in China, large-scale phosphate fertilizer plants and yellow phosphorus plants are available in Guiyang, Van, Fuquan and other counties and cities, and waste residues are accumulated like a mountain and reach thousands of tons.

Ammonium molybdate slag containing Fe₂O₃·MoO·K₂The O.N is more than 50 percent, and is waste residue of corresponding products produced by a ferromolybdenum ore plant in Guizhou province according to the rules of Zunyi. Molybdenum is a main element of nitrogen fixing bacteria, wherein rhizobia is an indispensable element for absorbing and fixing nitrogen under normal temperature and pressure, and is very favorable for growth of leguminous plants.

Ferrous sulfate slag containing Fe₂O₃·SO₂Over 50 percent of the iron is waste residue of steel wire treated by sulfuric acid in steel wire factories in Guizhou, the iron is an important element forming hemoglobin, and the hemoglobin is an indispensable element for cell survival, development and growth, is a prerequisite condition for microbial growth, and is also an indispensable element for enzymatic fermentation and temperature rise of the invention.

Zinc slag contains more than 10 percent of ZnO, and has abundant zinc blende and lead-zinc ore in the great Bijie area of Guizhou province, and the zinc ore has a large amount of accumulated waste residues after smelting.

Cement chimney dust containing SiO₂30％、Al₂O₃20％、CaO 30％、K₂O 8％、MgO is about 5%, magnesium is a main element constituting phytochlorophyll, and chlorophyll is an indispensable substance for plant photosynthesis. Except Guiyang, water city and Zunyi large cement factories, other medium and small cement factories are all over the Guizhou province, so that the ash storage volume of a cement chimney is quite abundant.

The steelmaking ash and the iron-making ash adopted by the invention respectively contain SiO₂、Al₂O₃、CaO、Fe₂O₃、K₂O、MgO、P₂O₅Up to more than 70%. About 1 ton of ash is generated when 30 tons of steel are smelted, the steel yield in China is about 2 billion tons, and the steel ash can reach thousands of tons and can be fully utilized.

The organic humic acid adopted by the invention is derived from coal gangue, peat, turf, tung shell, tobacco powder and the like containing humic acid.

The foot, the slag and the ash are huge industrial renewable resources, the contents of all the areas are different, the foot, the slag and the ash are used as treasures, the foot, the slag and the ash are not used, but occupy the land, and the environment is greatly polluted. The invention can fully utilize the foot, the slag and the ash on the spot, choose the best and reasonably allocate, thereby reducing the cost.

The invention makes full use of natural potassium-containing rock resources and industrial waste residues, residues and ashes to prepare the fermented potassium fertilizer which can be directly used as a fertilizer and can also be prepared into an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with other organic matters for use. It changes waste into valuable, utilizes waste by waste, eliminates pollution, greens and purifies environment, and is beneficial to virtuous circle of ecological agriculture. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is beneficial to improving soil, increasing soil fertility and improving crop quality, saves equipment, time and materials, has simple and feasible process method, and is beneficial to popularization.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described below by referring to specific examples of the practice of the present invention in Zheng-an county, Guizhou province, in conjunction with the above-mentioned contents of the invention

Examples

Using potassium (K) in Zhengan county of Guizhou province₂O) 9.77% of shale containing potassium,taking 96% of potassium shale and 4% of bones by weight, mixing and crushing to prepare 80-mesh fermented potassium matrix powder. Adding auxiliary agent with the weight of 25 percent into the zymogenic matrix with the weight of 50 percent, adding coal gangue with the weight of 15 percent and organic humic acid of tung nutshell with the weight of 10 percent, mixing, crushing and uniformly stirring to prepare the enzymatic leavening agent. Taking 75% of fermented potassium substrate powder and 25% of enzymatic leavening agent by weight, mixing, crushing, adding water, stirring uniformly, stacking and fermenting, heating from the normal temperature of 17 ℃ to 65 ℃, continuously stacking for 25 days, cooling for 20 days, and cooling to the normal temperature of 17 ℃ to prepare the fermented potassium fertilizer.

The prepared fermented potassium fertilizer is detected and analyzed to contain: k₂O7.74%, organic matter 11.80%, P₂O₅1.36 percent, 0.68 percent of protein and 21.58 percent of total nutrient.

Claims

1. Amethod for preparing a fermented potassium fertilizer by bacteria enzymatic hydrolysis of potassium-containing rocks is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. mixing and crushing 80-97 wt% of potassium-containing rock and 3-20 wt% of bone to prepare 80-200 mesh fermented potassium matrix powder,

b. taking 20-50 wt% of a fermentation enzyme substrate, 20-50 wt% of an auxiliary agent and 20-50 wt% of organic humic acid, mixing, crushing and stirring uniformly to prepare an enzymatic leavening agent,

c. taking 50-80% by weight of potassium yeast matrix powder, 10-50% by weight of enzymatic leavening agent or adding 10-30% by weight of ground phosphate rock, mixing, crushing, adding water, stirring uniformly, stacking and fermenting, heating to 88 ℃ from the normal temperature of 14-18 ℃, continuously stacking for 20-40 days, and cooling to the normal temperature of 14-18 ℃ to prepare the potassium yeast fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing fermented potash fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation enzyme substrate is animal oil residue or vegetable oil residue or refined oil residue or soapstock.

3. The method for preparing fermented potassium fertilizer according to claim 1It is characterized in that the auxiliary agent is potassium permanganate filter residue or electrolytic MnO₂Filter residue or yellow phosphorus slag or ammonium molybdate slag or ferrous sulfate slag or zinc slag or sulfuric acid slag or ferrosilicon slag or ammonium phosphate slag or household garbage slag or cement chimney ash or steelmaking ash or ironmaking ash.

4. The method for preparing fermented potash fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic humic acid is coal gangue, peat, turf, tung shell or tobacco powder.