CN1281399C - 一种钢骨架－塑料复合管的制造方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种钢骨架－塑料复合管的制造方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1281399C
CN1281399C CNB200410008648XA CN200410008648A CN1281399C CN 1281399 C CN1281399 C CN 1281399C CN B200410008648X A CNB200410008648X A CN B200410008648XA CN 200410008648 A CN200410008648 A CN 200410008648A CN 1281399 C CN1281399 C CN 1281399C
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China
Prior art keywords
parallel
machine head
composite
steel skeleton
welding
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB200410008648XA
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English (en)
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CN1562617A (zh
Inventor
何轶良
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harbin Starway Pipeline Technology Co ltd
Original Assignee
XINGHE IND CO Ltd HARBIN POLYTECHNICAL UNIV
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Application filed by XINGHE IND CO Ltd HARBIN POLYTECHNICAL UNIV filed Critical XINGHE IND CO Ltd HARBIN POLYTECHNICAL UNIV
Priority to CNB200410008648XA priority Critical patent/CN1281399C/zh
Priority to ZA2004/03306A priority patent/ZA200403306B/en
Priority to EP04013621A priority patent/EP1577077A3/en
Priority to AU2004235630A priority patent/AU2004235630A1/en
Publication of CN1562617A publication Critical patent/CN1562617A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1281399C publication Critical patent/CN1281399C/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
    • B21F27/121—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of tubular form, e.g. as reinforcements for pipes or pillars
    • B21F27/122—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of tubular form, e.g. as reinforcements for pipes or pillars by attaching a continuous stirrup to longitudinal wires
    • B21F27/124—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of tubular form, e.g. as reinforcements for pipes or pillars by attaching a continuous stirrup to longitudinal wires applied by rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/151—Coating hollow articles
    • B29C48/152—Coating hollow articles the inner surfaces thereof
    • B29C48/153—Coating both inner and outer surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/348—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1226—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5223—Joining tubular articles for forming corner connections or elbows, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52231—Joining tubular articles for forming corner connections or elbows, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52295—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种制造钢骨架-塑料复合管的方法，包括：采用外挂纬线盘的方式向焊网成型机提供纬线钢丝，焊网成型机采用模糊电阻焊接将来自经线配送装置的经线和纬线钢丝焊接在一起形成网状钢骨架，将网状钢骨架连续地牵引通过复合机头，复合机头从外面包围网状钢骨架并接受塑料挤出机从侧面向复合机头连续供给的熔融的热塑性塑料，在复合机头内将熔融的热塑性塑料与钢骨架内外复合形成管坯，牵引管坯通过冷却装置形成复合管。本发明还涉及制造这种复合管的装置及连接复合管形成的管线。

Description

一种钢骨架-塑料复合管的制造方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钢骨架-塑料复合管的制造方法和装置。
背景技术
钢骨架-塑料复合管的制造方法和装置是公知的。这种技术主要体现在SU1362645，WO94/09963，CN94104509，GB2277975等专利中。
其中SU1362645是一种分步挤压成型复合管的技术，其先成型内层塑料管，内层塑料管内具有轴向均匀分布的经线钢丝，其上缠绕的纬线钢丝裸露在塑料的外面，而后在其上二次挤压成型塑料管的外层，由此制造出钢骨架-塑料复合管。
WO94/09963采用的是一步挤压成型技术，其主要是增加了一个焊接装置，首先采用该焊接装置将经线钢丝与纬线钢丝焊接在一起形成网状钢骨架，在围绕着网状钢骨架挤压塑料形成钢骨架-塑料复合管。
CN94104509与WO94/09963具有相同的技术原理，不同之处仅在于焊接装置的结构有所改变。
GB2277975与WO94/09963和CN94104509的原理相同，只是采用了两根或两根以上的纬线缠绕焊接在经线上。
上述技术均存在一些缺陷：1、塑料挤出复合机头内置在焊网成型机的腹腔中，塑料挤出机螺杆、料筒的中心线与管道生产设备的中心线重合(此种方法可称为中心进料挤压成型复合法)。此种复合机头与钢网焊接装置重合在一起的结构形式存有许多不足之处：首先，小口径管道(DN70以下)因受流道和定径套尺寸的限制而无法实现工业化生产；其次，制造大口径管道(DN400以上)的装置结构庞大、复杂；第三，由于复合机头内置在焊网成型机的腹腔中，而使得对设备调整、维修很不方便；第四，复合机构中的承载轴承长期处于高温条件下工作，会导致设备零件的使用寿命减少。2、在已有技术中，钢骨架焊接成型机是双支撑结构，纬线盘套在主轴上，并可相对主轴旋转，使用的纬线需要先缠绕在备用线盘上供生产时使用，而备用线盘同样套在主轴上，这就使生产者只能预先缠绕一个备用线盘，且生产者要在钢骨架-塑料复合管道生产装置旁进行缠绕工作，增加了劳动强度并降低了工作效率。3、在已有技术中采用传统压力电阻焊的技术，一个或多个焊轮在弹簧的压力作用下压着纬线在经线、纬线的交点处进行通电焊接，这样的结构原理使焊轮既受焊接时出现的电弧的烧蚀，同时也由于承受高温的压力载荷而磨损严重，影响了焊轮的使用寿命。并且一个焊轮用一个焊机供电，应用多焊轮时必然要相应增加焊机的数量。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是通过提供一种从外侧面进料挤压成型复合方法和装置来克服已有技术的缺陷，改善设备结构，提高产品质量。
本发明的另一个目的是通过提供一种外挂纬线盘的悬臂式钢骨架焊网成型机来降低劳动强度和提高工作效率。
本发明的又一目的是通过提供一种电阻模糊焊接技术来克服已有技术的缺陷，提高焊轮寿命，减少钢丝损伤。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种制造钢骨架-塑料复合管的方法，包括：采用外挂纬线盘的方式向焊网成型机提供纬线钢丝，焊网成型机采用模糊电阻焊接将经线和纬线钢筋焊接在一起形成网状钢骨架，将网状钢骨架连续地牵引通过复合机头，复合机头从外面包围网状钢骨架并接受塑料挤出机从侧面向复合机头连续供给的熔融的热塑性塑料，在复合机头内将熔融的热塑性塑料与钢骨架内外复合形成管坯，牵引管坯通过冷却装置形成复合管。
为实现上述方法，本发明提出了一种制造钢骨架-塑料复合管道的装置，该装置包括：经线配送装置、焊网成型机、塑料挤出机、复合机头、冷却装置、牵引机和切割机，其中焊网成型机包括用悬臂结构支撑的缠绕焊接机构，缠绕焊接机构具有一个焊轮离开经线和纬线的焊点大于或等于60mm距离的模糊电阻焊接结构和一个外挂纬线盘的随缠绕焊接机构一起旋转的纬线支撑盘，复合机头可调整地设置在从外面包围网状钢骨架的位置，塑料挤出机从侧面向复合机头送料。
本发明的其它目的和优点将在下面结合附图所做的对本发明的详细描述中予以体现。
附图说明
图1是本发明的钢骨架-塑料复合管制造设备布置俯视图；
图2是本发明的焊网成型机结构原理图；
图3是图2所示的焊网成型机实现模糊电阻焊接的结构布置图；
图4是本发明的外侧进料挤出机复合机头的工作原理图；
图5是图4的K向视图，进一步表明了复合机头的调节功能；
图6是示意性地表示连接复合管形成复合管道组件的视图，其包含了电熔套筒连接和法兰连接两种形式；
图7是电熔套筒与法兰管件连接的结构图。
具体实施例
参见图1和2，将沿圆周轴向均匀分布的经线钢丝从经线配送装置1经过经线通道送过焊网成型机2，并在复合机头5处与牵引头相连。焊网成型机2为悬臂结构，包括机座13、连接在机座13上的悬臂支撑轴3和缠绕焊接机构4，其中机座13和悬臂支撑轴3固定不动，缠绕焊接机构4通过轴承支撑在悬臂支撑轴3上，缠绕焊接机构4的旋转缠绕功能是这样实现的：电动机通过常规的传动机构(未示)驱动与传动机构啮合的齿轮12，齿轮12固定连接在缠绕焊接机构4的连接套筒14上，从而通过支撑在悬臂支撑轴3上的连接套筒14带动缠绕焊接机构4围绕悬臂支撑轴3平稳转动，若干绕满纬线的纬线盘11悬挂在纬线支撑盘10上，纬线支撑盘10固定连接在连接套筒14上并随套筒14旋转，从而带动悬挂于其上的纬线盘11旋转，当纬线经过导线轮24和焊轮21缠绕固定在经线上时，旋转的纬线盘11继续保持向缠绕焊接机构4的焊轮提供缠绕焊接用纬线钢丝，纬线盘支撑轴与设备中心线平行。当纬线盘上的纬线使用完毕需要更换纬线钢丝时，可将空纬线盘11取下、换上绕满纬线的纬线盘继续生产，由于将纬线缠绕到纬线盘的工作可以不在生产现场进行，使本发明与现有技术相比明显具有降低劳动强度和提高工作效率的优点。
参见图2和3，本发明的缠绕焊接机构4具有固定在连接套筒14上的绕焊支撑盘15、导电环17、导电瓦16、导电板20、焊轮21、支持电极26，它们是这样实现模糊电阻焊接功能的：首先将经线钢丝25布置于支持电极26的经线槽内并与牵引头相连，然后将来自引线导轮24的纬线22经焊轮21缠绕到经线钢丝上，绕焊机构4旋转的同时纬线盘11的阻尼器10a通过对纬线盘的支撑轴产生阻力来影响纬线盘的转动，并借助焊轮对纬线的约束对纬线施加作用力使纬线22产生张紧力同时对经线产生压力。电源经导电瓦16、导电环17、导线23、导电板20将电流传送到焊轮21，焊接时，依靠纬线22的张紧力在纬线22与经线25的若干接触焊点处产生压力，同时纬线22起着传送焊接电流的导线作用，这样无须焊轮直接压在纬线与经线的接触焊点处，就可实现经线和纬线的焊接，此时焊轮离开焊点的距离S≥60mm。这就是本发明所称的模糊电阻焊接，它不预先确定对那个接触焊点焊接，而是选择这些接触焊点中电阻值较小的进行焊接，一般在距焊轮较近且回路的电阻值较小的接触焊点处发生焊接，通常采用模糊电阻焊接一次触发电流最少焊接两处焊点。这种模糊焊接技术既能保证对管材强度起主要加强作用的纬线钢丝受焊接损伤较小，又能保证钢丝网具有足够的结构稳定性，同时单位时间内焊点的数量比已有技术高出一倍。焊轮与焊点分离使得焊轮只起导通电流和约束纬线的作用，这样焊轮减少了接触电阻和不直接吸收焊接热，因此避免了电烧蚀现象，降低了焊轮的温升，与现有技术相比非常显著地延长了焊轮的使用寿命。另外，不同于已有技术，本发明的焊轮数量采用偶数设置，正常焊网工作时，一对相邻的焊轮共用一个电源供电，既从电源箱一个电极输出的电流通过导电瓦16、导电环17及对应的焊轮21传导给纬线22，再同时通过几个经纬线的交点和经线下面的支持电极26与相邻的一组焊轮21a、对应的导电环17a回到电源箱的另一个电极形成焊接回路。这样相临两个焊轮共用一个焊机，取消了零线环，使设备的结构更简单适用。
为了保证焊接系统能长时间正常工作，本发明的缠绕焊接机构4还设置了独特的冷却系统，该冷却系统采取惯性循环自冷却的方式(见图2)对焊接系统进行冷却。惯性循环自冷却结构包括固定在缠绕焊接机构4的绕焊转盘15上的环型散热器18，并将其用软管19a与注水阀19、导电板20和20a相连接。工作前由注水阀19向循环管路注满冷却液后，将注水阀关闭。设备启动工作时，转盘15旋转带动环型散热器18-起旋转，而内装的冷却液由于惯性作用在相当长的时间内并不随环型散热器18同步旋转，而是相对于环型散热器18的管壁有方向相反的相对运动，这个相对运动构成了冷却液的循环，将焊接系统的热量带到散热器18散出，从而实现自循环冷却效果。此种自循环冷却系统不需要安装同步旋转的冷却液循环泵，而是通过周期性的换纬线停机，提供持续不断的循环动力。
这样在上述焊网成型机2完成经线钢丝和纬线钢丝的焊接形成网状钢骨架后，由牵引机7将钢骨架牵引入复合机头5。参见图1和图4、5，替代已有技术的中心进料复合机头，本发明的复合机头5设置成从外面包围网状钢骨架，挤压机9布置在复合机头的外侧，从外侧向复合机头进料，由于本发明不像已有技术那样将复合机头设置在焊网成型机腹腔内，而是设置在从外面包围网状钢骨架的外部位置，这就可以根据复合管的复合状况方便地调整复合机头，从而保证产品质量。除了复合机头的位置布置与已有技术不同外，本发明的复合机头在结构上也与已有技术不同。参见图4和5，本发明的复合机头包括圆柱形外壳29和附有燕尾形阻尼板的均料套26，形成外壳29和均料套26之间的均化流道②，位于外壳29上且可旋入均化流道③的阻尼螺钉27，在复合区域④设置有筛孔套28，复合机头通过调整螺钉35和压紧螺钉36安装在调整平台37上。工作时，塑料挤出机9从位于复合机头侧面的进料孔的流道①将熔融塑料送入复合机头的均化流道②，复合机头在均化流道②内将挤出机9挤出的熔融塑料均匀地分布在均化流道③的圆周上并挤过筛孔套28进入与网状钢骨架的复合区域④。一个圆柱形的成型内套30位于网状钢骨架的内腔与复合机头相配合对网状钢骨架内外进行塑料复合。之后，牵引机7将复合后形成的软的管坯拉出复合区域④，进入内定径套34和带有冷却水槽33的外口模31及整形环32之间的环形空间定径、整形和冷却，得到内、外壁光滑平整的管材。而后经过切割机8进行定长切割，得到截面裸露钢丝的复合管半成品。
由于塑料加工成型过程中的热不均匀性导致料流的不均匀流动，进而产生管材壁厚不均匀的现象，因此必须调整复合机头使所成型的管材壁厚均匀。在已有技术中都采用中心进料挤出复合方式，由于复合机头在钢网焊接装置的内部，从而导致管材在离开复合机头时难以观察和测量制品的变化。特别是在运行状态下无法通过调整复合机头来控制壁厚，只能在停机的静态情况下完成操作，且操作较为复杂。而按照本发明，在生产过程中根据管材壁厚偏差的具体情况，可以利用调整平台37进行粗调整，既利用调整平台上的调整螺钉35a、35b进行上、下、左、右移动，从而带动复合机头5移动，可改变复合机头外口模31和整形环32与成型内套29之间的间隙从而改变料流量，达到调整管材壁厚的目的；或利用阻尼螺钉27精细调整，调整阻尼螺钉27的升降改变了料流的阻力，也就改变了料流的速度，从而达到减小管材壁厚差的目的。本发明还可以将两种调整方式结合起来进行调整。
通过上面所述的改进，本发明与现有技术相比，无论在生产速度和产品质量都有明显的优势。下表列出的数据就能表现出本发明的优势：
表一
  项目   管材材料   外径mm   壁厚mm   经线数量/直径mm   纬线数量/直径mm   网格净间距mm   生产速度m/min
  SU1362645   HDPE   150   12   42/3.0   2/3.5   7.6*7.5   0.10
  GB2277975   HDPE   320   14   90/3.0   2/3.5   7.6*8   0.12
  本发明管材   HDPE   325   12.5   100/2.5   4/3.0   5.5*5   0.30
本发明不但在生产速度上具有优势，而且由于采取侧进料的生产方式，可通过对生产状况的随时观察，及时调整生产设备，确保产品质量，极大地减少了不合格产品率。
实际应用中管材必须组成管线，为了确保根据本发明的方法和设备制造的复合管能够获得可靠的连接，发明人提出了用于该复合管的连接设计。现在参见图6和7，图6示意性地表示连接复合管形成复合管道组件的两种连接形式，包含电熔套筒连接和法兰连接。图7是电熔套筒与法兰管件连接的结构图。在复合管的连接中通常采用电熔套筒39连接为主。电熔连接中，电熔套筒的内表面必须与管头的外表面贴紧，如果电熔的内表面与管接头的外表面连接间隙过大熔融界面就会产生气泡。以往的塑料管连接情况是，纯塑电熔套筒的壁厚小，刚性降低，管子容易嵌合，增加了贴紧性，但电熔套筒易于受热变形造成刚性下降。WO96/26380中增加了钢骨架电熔套筒使得套筒不易变形，但由于它的钢骨架贯穿整个套筒的全部长度，不但使得贴紧困难，而且还会在电熔连接时产生溢料现象。此外，该技术中裸露的电热线布置，在可能出现的电热线移动时会使电热线相互接触，造成短路。因此WO96/26380中管线的连接是不可靠的。本发明在管线连接中采用的电熔套筒的内表面必须使用涂塑的金属铜线做电热元件51，以避免电热线相互接触，造成短路，电热元件51与电源接线柱相连。由于所制造的钢骨架-塑料复合管主要采用聚乙烯塑料，因此涂复铜线的塑料应为聚乙烯或与聚乙烯有亲和性的材料，套筒壁中间还镶嵌着环形钢板网骨架52。钢板网骨架的长度确定为电熔套筒全长的一半，电熔套筒骨架选择全长的一半既可以保证管道连接的刚度和强度，还因为短骨架的使用可以改善电熔套筒注射成型时熔融塑料在模具中的流动条件，减轻熔体对骨架的冲击，能使塑料钉对其的支撑成为可能；又可以避免两端存在钢骨架的长骨架结构在电熔焊接时发生的溢料现象。这样的电熔套筒可保证与复合管贴紧地连接，不产生气泡和具有足够的刚性。电熔套筒成型时采用非金属塑料钉56或戴塑料帽54的钢支撑钉55支撑的方式一次注射成型，塑料钉56和塑料帽55为聚乙烯或与聚乙烯有亲和性的材料，这样制品的外表面没有金属支撑钉裸露，使钢骨架-塑料复合管道完全可以在苛刻条件下应用。与电熔套筒39相配合熔接的大约为电熔套筒长度的一半的锥形长封口接头45是将复合管的管端经过表面处理后，在模具中注射成可以和电熔套筒39紧密配合的锥形表面形状。电熔套筒39与锥形长封口接头45装配连接后，电流通过电热元件51后就能将套筒39内表面和锥形长封口接头45表面塑料熔融，熔融的塑料经过冷却凝固后就能将直管40之间或与管件38、三通41、弯头42、45之间连接起来。相配的套筒和管端结构可以保证管线的电熔连接是牢固可靠的。此外，法兰连接也是钢骨架塑料复合管的连接方式之一。其中一种结构就是在直管的管头上采用一次注射成型塑料法兰头43，法兰头43的端面有安装环行密封圈44的槽，连接时安装好密封圈再用金属半开环48和活套法兰49固定在塑料法兰头上，而后用螺栓50、螺母47将法兰连接起来，从而将管道连接在一起。另一种法兰连接的结构是直接采用注射成型法兰接头短管38进行连接。法兰接头短管38的内外层也都是复合的热塑性塑料，管壁和法兰盘的中间镶嵌着等强度的钢骨架46，法兰接头短管40的一端是法兰盘形式另一端是锥型接头结构。如图7所示，此种接头特别适用于直管电熔连接方式与法兰连接方式之间的转变。
钢骨架增强塑料复合管道的连接也需要各种各样的管件，例如：三通41、90°弯头46、45°弯头42是必不可少的。这些管件内都采用等强度的钢板网骨架增强，内外用热塑性塑料复合，产品的结构形式与钢骨架塑料复合管的结构相一致，并同样采用一次注射成型的方式生产。为了保证注射成型时钢骨架不偏移，管件的骨架上也镶嵌了足够量的塑料支撑钉或在金属钉上加戴一定厚度的塑料帽，并采用同等塑料材料支撑可保证与注射材料的良好熔接，例如聚乙烯或与聚乙烯有亲和性的材料。

Claims (6)

1、一种钢骨架-塑料复合管的制造方法，包括采用外挂纬线盘的方式向焊网成型机提供纬线钢丝，焊网成型机采用模糊电阻焊接将来自经线配送装置的经线钢丝和纬线钢丝焊接在一起形成网状钢骨架，将网状钢骨架连续地牵引通过复合机头，复合机头从外面包围网状钢骨架并接受塑料挤出机从侧面向复合机头连续供给的熔融的热塑性塑料，在复合机头内将熔融的热塑性塑料与钢骨架内外复合形成管坯，牵引管坯通过冷却装置形成复合管。
2、一种钢骨架-塑料复合管道的制造装置，包括经线配送装置、焊网成型机、塑料挤出机、复合机头、冷却装置、牵引机、切割机和专用注射机及模具，其特征在于焊网成型机包括用悬臂结构支撑的缠绕焊接机构，缠绕焊接机构具有一个焊轮离开经线和纬线的焊点大于或等于60mm距离的模糊电阻焊接结构和一个外挂纬线盘的随缠绕焊接机构一起旋转的纬线支撑盘，复合机头可调整地设置在从外面包围网状钢骨架的位置，塑料挤出机从侧面向复合机头送料。
3、根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于缠绕焊接机构还包括一个惯性循环自冷却结构，该结构包括固定在缠绕焊接机构的转盘上的环型散热器，该环型散热器通过软管与注水阀、导电板相连接，环型散热器内装有不随其同步旋转的冷却剂。
4、根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于在模糊电阻焊接结构中经线和纬线的焊点处的压力是通过纬线盘的阻尼器对纬线盘施加的阻力并借助焊轮对纬线的约束而产生的张紧力施加的，电流经焊轮和纬线向焊点处传导。
5、根据权利要求2或4所述的装置，其特征在于焊轮数量为偶数，一对相邻的焊轮共用一个电源，从电源箱的一个电极输出的电流通过导电环及对应的焊轮传导给纬线，再同时通过几个经纬线的交点和经线下面的支持电极与相邻的一组焊轮和对应的导电环回到电源箱的另一个电极形成焊接回路。
6、根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于复合机头包括外壳和阻尼均料套，位于外壳和阻尼均料套之间的均化流道，安置在外壳上且可旋入均化流道的阻尼螺钉和设置在复合区域的筛孔套，复合机头通过调整螺钉安装在调整平台上。
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