CN1279616A - 协同组合物和治疗赘瘤或癌的生长及恢复或提高血细胞生成的方法 - Google Patents
协同组合物和治疗赘瘤或癌的生长及恢复或提高血细胞生成的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供用于治疗赘瘤或癌生长及治疗此类患者以使适血功能恢复或提高的一种协同组合物和方法。本发明包括分开地或组合地施用一种细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞诱导组合物和至少一种能中和或减量调节肿瘤分泌的免疫抑制因子的活性的制剂的组合。
Description
发明背景
1.发明领域
此项发明涉及用于治疗人和动物赘瘤或癌生长及治疗此类患者以使造血功能恢复或提高的一种组合物和方法。该发明所述组合物包括一种细胞毒性T淋巴细胞诱导组合物和一种能中和或减量调节肿瘤分泌免疫抑制因子活性的制剂的组合。
2.相关技术描述
细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)被认为是对多种病毒性感染和赘瘤或癌生长反应的主要宿主机制(Greenberg等,Adv.Immunol.,49:281-355(1991);Baxevanis等,Crit.Rev.Oncol.-Hematol.,16:157-79(1994);Ward等,Biological Approaches to CancerTreatment,Biomodulation,pp.72-97,edited by M.S.Mitchel,New York:McGraw Hill,Inc.(1993))。这些细胞通过识别与被感染或被转化细胞上多种分子(命名为I类MHC(大组织相容性复合物)分子)相结合的抗原片段来消除这些被感染或转化的细胞(Baxevanis等,Crit.Rev.Oncol.-Hematol.,16:157-79(1994);Matsumura等,Science,257:927-34(1992);Long等,Immunol.Today,10:232-34(1989))。
在亚单位疫苗中使用可溶形式的肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)来刺激肿瘤特异性T细胞免疫是开发安全并且有效的癌免疫疗法的一种理想策略。使用完整蛋白的优点在于,在特定抗原呈递细胞(APC)内的抗原加工完成之后,即包含了肽潜在抗原决定部位的所有信息。但是由完整可溶性抗原所产生的免疫通常并不激活CTLs。因此,为了刺激CTL对特定蛋白抗原产生反应,人们尝试了多种旨在改善细胞内抗原向APC传送的方法。其中包括活病毒载体(Moss,B.,Science,252:1662-67(1991);Takahashi等,PNAS USA,85:3105-09(1988))和细菌载体(Aldovini等,Nature(London),351:479-482(1991);Sadoff等,Science,240:336-38(1988))、非复制型质粒DNA接种(Ulmer等,Science,259:1745-49(1993))、将蛋白和肽结合到亲脂性复合物(Deres等,Nature(London),342:561-64(1989))或ISCOM(Takahashi等,Nature(London),344:873-75(1990))。使用病毒载体或DNA注射方法产生疫苗所担心的主要是可能的DNA整合到与具备转化潜力的癌基因显著相关的宿主细胞基因组中以及诱导体内产生抗载体反应相关的安全性。此外,对免疫妥协的个体而言,使用与具有诱导免疫反应最低毒性的适当的非感染性运载系统结合的纯化抗原是安全的。
Raychaudhuri等人发现一种通过它可在人类及驯养动物或对农业有重要作用的牲畜体内诱导CTL应答并且在非感染性运载系统中包括完整的可溶性蛋白的安全而又有益的组合物(美国专利号5,585,103),其全文在此引作参考CTL诱导组合物涉及使用一种对动物几乎无毒或无毒,且不含其存在可降低预期应答的免疫刺激性肽(如胞壁酰二肽)的抗原制剂。更明确而言,CTL诱导组合物(PROVAXTM)包含可使CTL产生预期应答的抗原以及一种无毒抗原制剂,该抗原制剂包括、由或基本由一种稳定化去污剂、一种微胶粒形成剂和一种可生物降解及生物相容性油脂组成。
但文献显示,肿瘤可通过分泌因子或细胞因子而逃避免疫监视,这些因子或细胞因子对局部或全身存在的活化免疫细胞和前体免疫细胞两者的功能均具有免疫抑制作用。因此,仅接受目的在于增强肿瘤免疫力的治疗疫苗的癌症患者或许将不能从这种疫苗中充分受益。
此外,由于维持健康骨髓所必需的干细胞和/或祖细胞的抑制,使癌症患者的造血活性受到抑制,处于癌症晚期的患者尤其如此。这种抑制由多种因素共同造成,其中包括用于癌症治疗的放疗、化疗以及可能由癌症治疗而被增量调节的诸如转化生长因子-β(TGFβ)的免疫抑制因子,该因子属于宿主正常肿瘤及生长肿瘤均分泌的稳定多肽生长因子家族。
因此,鉴于此前已知的癌症疫苗以及肿瘤治疗方法所具有的上述缺陷,该领域显然有必要寻找更有效的免疫治疗方法和组合物。
发明概述
该项申请的发明人意外地发现,当CTL诱导疫苗与一种或多种能够中和、拮抗、减量调节或阻断TGFβ和IL-10等肿瘤分泌免疫抑制因子的制剂共同使用时,可通过诱导CTL反应使旨在增强肿瘤免疫力的该疫苗的治疗效果提高。
因此,该发明的目的之一是提供一种组合物,该组合物包含与一种或多种能够中和、阻断、拮抗或减量调节肿瘤分泌因子活性的制剂共同使用时诱导CTL的任何佐剂制剂。特别优选的CTL诱导佐剂包括授权于Raychaudhuri等人美国专利号5,585,103所公开的TL诱导佐剂,该佐剂包括:一种对其可诱导抗原特异性CTL反应的抗原激动剂及一种微流体化抗原制剂,所述抗原制剂包括:
(ⅰ)一种稳定化去污剂,
(ⅱ)一种微胶粒形成剂,以及
(ⅲ)一种可生物降解及生物相容性油脂,
进一步而言,其中该抗原制剂不含免疫刺激性肽成分,并且配制成稳定的水包油型乳剂。能够中和、阻断、拮抗或减量调节肿瘤分泌免疫抑制因子的制剂优选包括抗-TGFβ抗体、转化生长因子-β受体融合蛋白(TGFβR-融合蛋白)、TGFβ拮抗剂如凝血栓蛋白肽、TGFβ结合蛋白和TGFβR阻断抗体。
该发明的另一目的是提供一种包括诱导CTL反应在内的治疗方法,其中的改进包括使用一种诱导CTL反应的佐剂及一种免疫抑制因子拮抗剂,优选TGFβ拮抗剂,所述佐剂与拮抗剂可依次或按任意顺序同时给药。
该发明的又一目的是提供一种赘瘤或癌生长的治疗方法用于需要该种治疗的患者。
该发明的另一目的是提供一种恢复或提高患者血细胞生成的方法。
由于该发明具有上述及其它下文要表明的目的、优点和特征,参考下列发明优选实施方案的详细描述及附加的权利要求可更明确地了解本发明的本质。
附图简述
图1显示卵清蛋白/PROVAXTM和/或抗-TGFβ抗体对已确定的EG7肿瘤治疗的抗肿瘤活性。
图2A及2B显示E7/PROVAXTM和/或抗-TGFβ抗体对HOPE2细胞治疗的抗肿瘤活性。
图3A及3B显示在无血清培养液(CHO-S SFM II,GIBCO,目录号#91-0456)中37℃体外连续培养2天(EL4,EG7细胞)或5天(3T3,KB及A431细胞)后的不同细胞系所分泌的活化形式或潜伏形式TGFβ-1的评价水平。
图4显示小鼠抗-TGF-β1、β2、β3单克隆抗体(Genzyme公司:目录号#80-1835-03)与条件培养液中取自人A431细胞或鼠BALB/c3t3细胞的人或小鼠TGFβ的结合。
发明详述
如上所述,该申请的发明人意外发现,当与一种或多种能够中和或减量调节肿瘤分泌免疫抑制因子的制剂连同使用时,诸如CTL诱导佐剂等旨在增强肿瘤免疫力的疫苗的治疗效果被提高。发明人惊奇地发现,这种结合导致协同增强细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的反应,从而导致提高的对诸如肿瘤的表达抗原的靶细胞的治疗性反应。此外,该发明人发现,将一种或多种中和或减量调节肿瘤分泌免疫抑制因子的制剂与疫苗或佐剂结合使用有助于血细胞生成的恢复或提高。
肿瘤细胞为避免免疫破坏而分泌的可溶性抑制或免疫抑制因子或细胞因子包括,例如,转化生长因子β(TGFβ)(Mukherj等,Curr.Opin.Oncol.,7:175(1995))、白细胞介素10(IL-10)(Huber等,J.Immunol.,148:277(1992))、前列腺素(PGE2)(Huang等,J.Immunol.,157:5512-20(1996))、免疫抑制酸性蛋白(IAP)(Yamaguchi等,Oncology,52:1-6(1995))和脂皮质素-1(LC1)(Koseki等,Surg.Today,27:30-39(1997))。对成神经胶质细胞瘤的研究表明TGFβ是一种肿瘤相关免疫抑制分子(Brooks等,J.Exp.Medicine,136:1631-47(1972))。有充分证据表明TGFβ可由多种人类癌细胞产生,其中包括乳腺癌(Knabbe等,Cell,48:417-28(1987))、前列腺癌(Ikeda等,Biochemistry,16:2406-10(1987))、结肠直肠癌(Coffey等,Cancer Res.,46:1164-69(1986))、子宫内膜癌(Boyd等,Cancer Res.,50:3394-99(1990))及卵巢癌(Wilson等,P.R.Br.J.Cancer,63:102-08(1991))。
最初识别TGFβ是通过其能够使正常成纤维细胞出现一种转化表型的能力,并发现实际上所有细胞均可产生该因子(Wakefield等,J.Cell.Biol.,105:965-75(1987))。人体内共发现三种不同亚型,TGFβ1、2和3。TGFβ是一种多效性细胞因子,其影响多种生物活性,包括免疫抑制、炎症、血细胞生成及伤口修复(Sporn等,Science,233:532(1986);Pallidino等,Ann.NY Acad.Sci.,593:181(1990);Roberts等,Adv.Cancer Res.,51:107(1988))。
这与TGFβ的强免疫抑制活性特异相关(Pallidino等,Ann.NYAcad.Sci.,593:181(1990);Roberts等,Adv.Cancer Res.,51:107(1988);Lucas等,J.Immunol.,145:1415-22(1990))。TGFβ可通过抑制T细胞及B细胞增殖(Kehrl等,J.Exp.Med.,163:1037(1986);Kehrl等,J.Immunol.,137:3855(1986);Kehrl等,J.Immunol.,143:1868(1989))、抑制LAK细胞/CTL产生(Mulé等,Cancer Immunol.Immunother.,26:9(1988);Espevik等,J.Immunol.,140:2312(1988);Rook等,J.Immunol.,136:3916(1986);Ranges等,J.Exp.Med.,166:991(1987);Fontana等,J.Immunol.,143:323(1989);Susan等,J.Exp.Med.,172:1777(1990);Torre-Amione等,PNAS,87:1486(1990))及功能、抑制NK细胞活性(Rook等,J.Immunol.,136:3916(1987);Susan等,J.Exp.Med.,172:1777(1990);Torre-Amione等,PNAS,87:1486(1990))、抑制巨噬细胞氧代谢(Tsunawaki等,Nature,334:260(1988))、抑制IgG与IgM分泌(Kehrl等,J.Immunol.,137:3855(1986);Kehrl等,J.Immunol.,143:1868(1989))或通过减量调节人白细胞抗原(HLA-DR)(Czarniecki等,J.Immunol.,140:4217(1988);Zuber等,Eur.J.Immunol.,18:1623(1988))及减量调节IL-2R(Kehrl等,J.Exp.Med.,163:1037(1986))而发挥免疫抑制功能。
这也与TGFβ对血细胞生成的影响特异相关。TGFβ显示出对原始造血细胞生长的负调节甚至抑制(Sitnicka等,Blood,88(1):82-88(1996);Dybedal等,Blood,86(3):949-57(1995))。因此,TGFβ拮抗剂能够在改善已确定的癌症疗法方面发挥重要的作用,所述疗法以产生受剂量限制的骨髓抑制为特征。抑制是多种因素共同作用的结果,其中可能包括血细胞生成方面的癌症治疗所造成的直接影响,也包括免疫抑制因子增量调节所造成的间接影响。例如,Barcellos-Hoff等,J.Clin.Invest.,93:892-99(1994)证明,对小鼠进行电离辐射导致其乳腺组织中活性TGFβ水平的快速上升及潜在TGFβ的相应降低。
活性形式的TGFβ为一种25KD的同型二聚体蛋白,该蛋白以潜在的前体形式合成和分泌,尽管还未能阐明其体内激活的确切方式,但估计该前体形式通过酶剪切而激活(Massague等,Ann.Rev.Cell.Biol.,6:597-641(1990))。TGFβ1、2和3这三种主要亚型各有70%相似性。据推测,活化TGFβ的作用可通过与多种细胞表面受体的结合来介导。目前至少已确定了三种不同的TGFβ受体,TGFβR-1、TGFβR-2及TGFβR-3(Barnard等,Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1032:79-87(1990))。三种受体均属于Ⅰ型膜整合糖蛋白,而且除单核细胞中不含TGFβR-3外,实际上体内所有细胞均可普遍表达这三种受体。目前TGFβ及其受体两者均已被克隆并表达。TGFβ的其它膜结合组分在完全分化的细胞亚类中有所表现而并非被普遍表达。特别是最近的实验发现,主要在内皮细胞和前B细胞上表达的endoglin(CD105)与TGFβ-1及β3亚型相结合(Zhang等,J.Immunol.,156:565-573(1996))。
人们已进行了多种中和及/或减量调节TGFβ活性的实验。例如,实验结果提示TGFβ特异抗体用于可产生TGFβ的肿瘤细胞的治疗以消除TGFβ的免疫抑制作用(Segarini等,WO 94/09815)。人们还发现TGFβ特异抗体恢复或促进例如由于TGFβ过量产生而被抑制的祖细胞和干细胞原始造血细胞的生长(Dybedal等,Blood,86(3):949-57(1995);Sitnicka等,Blood,88(1):82-88(1996))。
还有其它多种策略可用于活性形式TGFβ的中和或减量调节。例如,可在体内施用TGFβ受体(TGFβR)Fc-融合蛋白,尤其是受体Ⅱ融合蛋白来中和或减量调节TGFβ。TGFβ受体的抗体可阻断游离TGFβ与TGFβR的相互作用,并防止靶细胞内下行信号事件的发生。同样,TGFβ类似物或TGFβ结合蛋白,如凝血栓蛋白肽,可与游离TGFβ竞争结合受体,并使受体失活。此外,可利用基因治疗法来达到以上目的。还有描述的其它策略可用于防止TGFβ从不参与信号事件的TGFβ潜在形式激活。例如,已描述并已合成的凝血栓蛋白肽序列可抑制潜在TGFβ的激活(Schultz-cherry等,J.Biol.Chem.,270:7304-7310(1995))。
以治疗有效量存在至少一种能够中和或减量调节肿瘤或宿主分泌的免疫抑制因子生物活性的制剂。优选实施方案中的剂量范围约为5-1000mg/平方米。
CTL诱导组合物涉及使用一种对动物基本无毒或无毒,且不含其存在可降低预期应答的免疫刺激性肽(如胞壁酰二肽)的抗原制剂。更明确而言,CTL诱导组合物包含可使CTL对其产生预期应答的抗原以及一种无毒抗原制剂,所述抗原制剂包含,由或基本上由一种稳定化去污剂、一种微胶粒形成剂和一种可生物降解及生物相容性油脂组成。优选的抗原制剂不包含任何免疫刺激性肽组分,或含有该组分的水平低到不足以减小细胞的预期反应。该制剂优选提供方式为一种稳定的微流体化水包油型乳剂。也就是说,选择各种不同组分,使乳剂在至少一个月期限内,优选在一年以上,保持乳剂状态而不发生相分离。抗原与抗原制剂一起混合形成一种混合物,该混合物能够以足够诱导动物体内CTL反应的剂量向动物给药。
就“无毒”而言,其含义是经该抗原制剂处理的动物或人体内观测到该抗原制剂的副作用几乎没有或没有。那些医药或兽医领域的技术人员都会承认该术语具有广泛含义。例如,对基本健康的动物或人仅能够容忍很轻微的毒性,而对忍受临终疾病痛苦的人(预期寿命约不超过三年)则可忍受大得多的毒性。
就“稳定化去污剂”而言,其含义是指一种使乳剂各组分保持稳定乳剂状态的去污剂。这类去污剂包括聚山梨酯80(吐温80)(山梨糖醇酐-单-9-十八碳烯酸-聚(氧)-1,2-乙烷二基;ICI Americas,Wilmington,Del制造)、吐温40、吐温20、吐温60、Zwittergent3-12、TEEPOL HB7以及SPAN 85。这些去污剂通常以大约0.05%-0.5%的量供应,优选以大约0.2%。
就“微胶粒形成剂”而言,其含义是指一种能够稳定与其它组分所形成的乳剂以至形成微胶粒状结构的制剂。该类制剂优选在注射部位造成某些刺激以便吸引巨噬细胞来增强细胞反应。该类制剂的实例如poloxamer 401,并且包括BASF Wyandotte出版物,如在此引作参考的Schmolka,J.Am.Oil.Chem.Soc.,54:110(1977)和Hunter等,J.Immunol.,129:1244(1981)中所描述的聚合物表面活性剂、PLURONIC L62LF、L101和L64、L121、PEG1000以及TETRONIC 1501、150R1、701、901、1301和130R1。此类制剂的化学结构在该领域中已众所周知。根据Hunter和Bennett,Journal of Immunology,133:3167(1984)中的规定,优选选择亲水-亲油平衡(HLB)为0-2的制剂。优选提供的该制剂量为0.001-10%,最优选的量则为0.001-5%。
选用油脂来提高抗原在水包油型乳剂中的保持力,即提供一种用于期望抗原的载体,且优选具有低于65℃的熔解温度,以便室温(约20℃-25℃)时或一旦乳剂温度下降到室温以下时乳剂均能够形成。此类油脂的实例包括角鲨烯、角鲨烷、廿烷、四十四烷、甘油,以及花生油或其它植物油。优选提供的该油脂量为1-10%,最优选的量则为2.5-5%。重要的是该油脂为可生物降解及生物相容型,以便身体可随时间延续而将之分解,并且不会在使用此油脂时产生诸如肉芽瘤等明显的负面影响。
以上制剂中重要的是不含肽组分,尤其是胞壁酰二肽(MDP)。如果以给人的每次正常制剂给药大于约20微克的量提供,那么这样一种肽将会干扰CTL反应的诱导。尽管这些肽对体液免疫系统部分有明显的刺激作用,但优选方案为抗原制剂中完全不含此类肽。也就是说,尽管此类肽可以增强体液反应,但当期望产生细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞反应时是不利的。
抗原制剂可仅由上述三种组分中的两种配制而成,并且可与任意预定的抗原(其范围包括蛋白质、多肽及其免疫原性片段)一同使用以诱导上述动物或人体内的CTL反应。
优选实施方案中,所述的方法基本包括对人或动物进行合剂(抗原加抗原制剂)的单次给药;人或动物受癌或病毒感染并患有一种或多种由癌或病毒感染所导致的症状(如同相关领域的医生通常所确定的);以及抗原制剂对人或动物不具有毒性。
其它优选实施方案中,所述的抗原选自黑素细胞分化抗原,例如:gp100(Kawakami等,J.Immunol.,154:3961-3968(1995);Cox等,Science,264:716-719(1994))、MART-1/Melan A(Kawakami等,J.Exp.Med.,180:347-352(1994);Castelli等,J.Exp.Med.,181:363-368(1995))、gp75(TRP-1)(Wang等,J.Exp.Med.,186:1131-1140(1996)),以及酪氨酸酶(Wolfel等,Eur.J.Immunol.,24:759-764(1994);Topalian等,J.Exp.Med.,183:1965-1971(1996));黑色素瘤蛋白多糖(Hellstrom等,J.Immunol.,130:1467-1472(1983);Ross等,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,225:370-383(1983));肿瘤特异性广泛共享抗原,例如:MAGE-1、2、3、4、6及12等MAGE家族抗原(Van der Bruggen等,Science,254:1643-1647(1991);Rogner等,Genomics,29:729-73l(1995))、BAGE家族抗原(Boel等,Immunity,2:167-175(1995))、例如GAGE-1、2等GAGE家族抗原(Van den Eynde等,J.Exp.Med.,182:689-698(1995))、例如RAGE-1等RAGE家族抗原(Gaugler等,Imunogenetics,44:323-330(1996))、N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶-V(Guilloux等,J.Exp.Med.,183:1173-1183(1996)),和p15(Robbins等,J.Immunol.,154:5944-5950(1995));肿瘤特异性突变抗原;突变β-连环蛋白(Robbins等,J.Exp.Med.,183:1185-1192(1996))、突变MUM-1(Coulie等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,92:7976-7980(1995)),以及突变细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶-4(CDK-4)(Wolfel等,Science,269:1281-1284(1995));突变癌基因产品:p21 ras(Fossum等,Int.J.Cancer,56:40-45(1994))、BCR-abl(Bocchia等,Blood,85:2680-2684(1995))、p53(Theobald等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,92:11993-11997(1995)),以及p185 HER2/neu(Fisk等,J.Exp.Med.,181:2109-2117(1995);Peoples等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,92:432-436(1995));突变表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)(Fujimoto等,Eur.J.Gynecol.Oncol.,16:40-47(1995);Harris等,Breast Cancer Res.Treat,29:1-2(1994));癌胚抗原(CEA)(Kwong等,J.Natl.Cancer Inst.,85:982-990(1995));癌相关性突变粘蛋白,例如,MUC-1基因产物(Jerome等,J.Immunol.,151:1654-1662(1993),Ioannides等,J.Immunol.,151:3693-3703(1993),Takahashi等,J.Immunol.,153:2102-2109(1994));EBV的EBNA基因产物,例如,EBNA-1基因产物(Rickinson等,Cancer Surveys,13:53-80(1992));人乳头状瘤病毒的E7、E6蛋白(Ressing等,J.Immunol.,154:5934-5943(1995));前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)(Xue等,TheProstate,30:73-78(1997));前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)(Israeli,等,Cancer Res.,54:1807-1811(1994));PCTA-1(Sue等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,93:7252-7257(1996));独特型抗原决定簇或抗原,例如,免疫球蛋白独特型或T细胞受体独特型(Chen等,J.Immunol.,153:4775-4787(1994);Syrengelas等,Nat.Med.,2:1038-1040(1996));HIV抗原:gp160、gag、pol、nef、Tat及Rev;疟疾抗原:CS蛋白及孢子体表面蛋白2;乙型肝炎表面抗原:Pre-S1、Pre-S2、HBc Ag及HBe Ag;流感病毒抗原:HA、NP及NA;甲型肝炎表面抗原;丙型肝炎表面抗原;疱疹病毒抗原:HSV gB、HSVgD、HSV gH、HSV早期蛋白产物、人乳头状瘤病毒抗原、巨细胞病毒gB、巨细胞病毒gH及IE蛋白gp72;呼吸道合胞体病毒抗原:F蛋白、G蛋白及N蛋白。
CTL诱导佐剂可与能够中和、阻断、拮抗或减量调节肿瘤分泌免疫抑制因子活性的制剂结合使用,并可作为单一成分向患者给药或两种成分可分别给药。给药可通过多种众所周知的技术加以实现。这些给药方式包括,例如,皮内注射、皮下注射、腹腔注射以及肌内注射。此外,能够中和或减量调节免疫抑制分子的制剂可不依赖于佐剂而独立给药,例如以静脉注射或腹腔注射等方式。优选实施方案是以皮内注射、肌内注射或皮下注射方式将包含CTL诱导佐剂的抗原给药,而中和制剂以静脉给药方式全身给药。
在任何诸如TGFβ等免疫抑制因子对宿主可诱导治疗性CTL反应的能力产生负面影响的任何疾病状态下均会观测到协同作用。举例来说,此类疾病包括多种癌及赘瘤、病毒感染和寄生虫感染。可利用受试者的协同结合加以治疗的癌症包括,例如,乳腺癌、脑癌、子宫颈癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、前列腺癌、皮肤癌、结肠癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肾癌、骨髓瘤、结肠直肠癌、鼻咽癌以及子宫内膜癌。可依照此发明加以治疗的病毒感染和寄生虫感染包括,例如,乳头状瘤病毒、疟疾、肝炎、疱疹巨细胞病毒、呼吸道合胞体病毒以及HIV。如上所述,该发明的另一重要方面包括血细胞生成的诱导。它在例如癌症治疗中具有特殊治疗重要性。
关于这一方面,众所周知的是癌症患者,尤其是癌症晚期患者表现出的由于干细胞或祖细胞抑制而被抑制的造血活性。这种抑制作用是例如用于癌症治疗中所使用的放疗、化疗以及肿瘤分泌的免疫抑制因子等因素的结果。利用发明的复方组合物进行治疗可使血细胞生成得以恢复或提高。此外,其还将进一步改善放疗或化疗,因为其应该能使以治疗剂量给药时没有不良影响。
给出以下实例是为了更详尽地阐明该发明的优选实施方案。但决不能认为这些实例限制了本发明广阔的范围。
实施例
实施例1
用表达卵清蛋白的EG7细胞接种小鼠(2×106细胞/小鼠)。此前,Moore等,Cell,54:777(1988)已对EG7的来源进行了描述。接种后第7天,将长有250-350mm3大小肿瘤的小鼠分为5组,并进行如下处理:A组,接受无抗原注射的对照组(■),B组在PROVAX中加入30μg卵清蛋白进行皮下注射(●),C组在PROVAXTM中加入30μg卵清蛋白进行皮下注射,并且每只小鼠腹腔内注射50μg抗-TGFβ抗体(▲),D组腹腔内注射50μg抗-TGFβ抗体(△)。图1所列数据表明,患有逐渐生长的EG7肿瘤的小鼠经抗-TGFβ抗体与PROVAXTM中卵清蛋白结合处理后,其抗肿瘤活性增强,而相同条件下以卵清蛋白-PROVAXTM处理则不产生此效果。
实施例2
用表达HPV-E7的HOPE2细胞接种小鼠(4×106细胞/小鼠)(2.A.)。利用电穿孔将编码E7的哺乳动物表达质粒引入K1735-X21细胞(Isaiah J.Fidler慷慨赠送)而获得表达E7的HOPE2转染体。人乳头状瘤病毒16型E7表达载体INPEP4+LE7包含一段300bp的E7编码片段(氨基酸残基2-97;Seedorf等,Virology,145:181-185(1985)),其下游融合了一段免疫球蛋白前导序列(L)。转录由巨细胞病毒启动子/增强子(CMV)启动,RNA加工的多腺苷酸化信号由牛生长激素(BGH)3’侧翼序列提供。由小鼠β-球蛋白主要启动子(BETA)启动的细菌新霉素磷酸转移酶(N)和哺乳动物二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)表达盒分别由G418和氨甲蝶呤进行优势选择。新霉素基因盒中包含用于RNA加工的SV40早期多腺苷酸化信号(SV40)。在电穿孔前先利用PACI限制性酶切质粒DNA使之线性化。将K1735-X21细胞置于添加有10%(V/V)非必需氨基酸(IrvineSci.)、10%(V/V)L-谷氨酸(Irvine Sci.)、20%(V/V)MEM维生素溶液(Gibco BRL.)、1mM丙酮酸钠(Biowhittaker)和5%FBS(Gibco BRL.)的MEMα培养液(Gibco BRL.)中生长。利用BTX 600电穿孔仪(375伏特,13欧姆,25微法拉)将1μg由PacI线性化的INPEP4+LE7 DNA电穿孔引入4×106个K1735-X21细胞中。将细胞铺在96孔平板底部。培养24小时后,对细胞加入含有0.4mg/ml活性G418的培养液。利用ELISA、蛋白质印迹和RNA印迹分析法筛选出表达E7的G418抗性克隆,并选择用来进一步扩大培养。HOPE2在所有上述分析方法中均为E7表达阳性。
接种后第11天,将长有75-150mm3大小肿瘤的小鼠分为4组,并进行如下处理:A组,接受无抗原注射的对照组(□),B组在PROVAXTM中加入30μgE7进行皮下注射(◇),C组在PROVAXTM中加入30μg卵清蛋白进行皮下注射,并且每只小鼠腹腔内注射100μg抗-TGFβ抗体(△),D组接受100μg抗-TGFβ抗体的单次腹腔内注射(○)。图2A所列数据表明,患有逐渐生长的HOPE2肿瘤的小鼠经抗-TGFβ抗体与E7-PROVAXTM结合处理,给出增强的抗肿瘤活性。
在另一实验中,HOPE2接种后第13天,将小鼠按上述方法分组。这些组的小鼠的处理方法与2.A.类似,不同的是C组(△)与D组(○)在15-29天内,每4天注射一次抗-TGFβ抗体,共注射4次(2.B.)。结果列于图2B。
尽管在此参照多种具体的材料、方法和实例来描述和阐明本项发明,但认识到该发明当然并不局限于具体材料、这些材料的组合以及由此而选定的方法。那些该领域技术人员理解并将正确评价这些细节中的多种变动。此外,在此引用的所有出版物、专利和专利申请都将全文引作参考。
实施例3
利用TGFβ1 ELISA试剂盒(Genzyme Corp.,目录号#80-3108)检测小鼠3T3细胞系(BALB/c源)、HOPE2(C3H源)EL4细胞系和EG7细胞系(C57BL/6)以及人KB细胞系(表皮样癌ATCC#CCL-17)、A431细胞系(表皮样癌,ATCC#CRL-1555)所分泌的TGFβ1的浓度。图3A和3B显示37℃体外连续培养3天(EL4和EG7细胞系)或5天(KB、A431和HOPE2)后利用GIBCO CHO-S SFM II(目录号#91-0456)测量的无血清条件培养液(CM)中TGFβ1的浓度。检测TGFβ浓度前,按照厂商说明将CM于400×g离心5分钟。
图3A显示立即测量的CM活性(全活性TGFβ1)以及按照厂商说明在酸活化继而中和之后测量的CM活性(总TGFβ1)。通过总TGFβ浓度减去TGFβ活性浓度来估计CM中的潜在TGFβ1部分。如图3所示,体外培养的所有细胞系均分泌TGFβ1,而≥98%的分泌物以潜在形式存在。
图3B显示37℃培养2天或5天后所出现的总细胞数正常化之后,条件培养液中各种细胞系分泌的TGFβ1的估计水平。
实施例4
图4证明抗-TGFβ中和抗体在按照厂商说明进行酸活化并中和之后与小鼠或人TGFβ的结合活性。小鼠TGFβ由BALB/c 3T3条件培养液(见图3)获得,并用PBS稀释至0.2ng/ml,人TGFβ由A431CM获得,并用PBS稀释至0.4ng/ml。将不同稀释度的小鼠抗-TGFβ1、β2、β3单克隆抗体(Genzyme Corp:目录号#80-1835-03)加入条件培养液于4℃温育3小时,并如图3所述利用ELISA测定法测定非结合TGFβ。结果显示抗TGFβ中和抗体与人和小鼠来源的TGFβ产生的结合具有可比性。
Claims (37)
1.一种组合物,包含:
(a)一种合剂,包含癌、病毒或寄生虫抗原及一种微流体化抗原制剂,所述抗原由所述癌、病毒或寄生虫感染的细胞表达,所述抗原制剂包含:
(ⅰ)一种稳定化去污剂,
(ⅱ)一种微胶粒形成剂,以及
(ⅲ)一种可生物降解和生物相容性油脂,
该抗原制剂被配制成稳定的水包油乳剂;以及
(b)至少一种能中和或减量调节免疫抑制因子活性的制剂。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述抗原制剂基本由所述的稳定化去污剂、微胶粒形成剂,以及生物相容性油脂组成。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中去污剂选自吐温80、吐温20、吐温40、吐温60、Zwittergent 3-12、TEEPOL HB7以及SPAN 85。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述去污剂提供的量的范围大约为0.05-0.5%。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中去污剂的量约为0.2%。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述微胶粒形成剂的亲水亲油平衡为0-2。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其中所述微胶粒形成剂的量为1.25-5%范围。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述微胶粒形成剂选自poloxamer401、PLURONIC L62Lf、PLURONIC L101、PLURONIC L64、PEG1000、TETRONIC 1501、TETRONIC 150R1、TETRONIC 701、TETRONIC 901、TETRONIC 1301以及TETRONIC 130R1。
9.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述微胶粒形成剂的量为0.5-10%范围。
10.权利要求1的组合物,其中油脂具有低于65℃的熔化温度。
11.权利要求1的组合物,其中油脂选自角鲨烷、二十碳烷、四十四烷、姥鲛烷,以及植物油。
12.权利要求1的组合物,其中油脂的量为1-10%范围。
13.权利要求12的组合物,其中油脂的量为2.5-5%范围。
14.权利要求1的组合物,其中去污剂为聚山梨酯80而微胶粒形成剂为poloxamer 401。
15.权利要求14的组合物,其中油脂为角鲨烷。
16.权利要求1的组合物,其中去污剂选自吐温20、吐温40,以及吐温80,油脂选自角鲨烷、二十碳烷、橄榄油以及姥鲛烷,微胶粒形成剂选自poloxamer 401,以及PLURONIC L62LF。
17.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述免疫抑制因子为TGFβ。
18.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述的能够中和或减量调节肿瘤或宿主分泌的免疫抑制因子活性的制剂为抗-TGFβ抗体、TGFβR-融合蛋白、TGFβ类似物、TGFβ结合蛋白或TGFβR阻断抗体。
19.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述的能够中和或减量调节或抑制肿瘤和宿主分泌的免疫抑制因子活化的制剂为凝血栓蛋白肽或TGFβR Fc-融合蛋白。
20.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述抗原制剂包括角鲨烷、吐温80和poloxamer 401。
21.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述抗原选自gp100、MART-1/Melan A、gp75、酪氨酸酶、黑色素瘤蛋白多糖、MAGE、BAGE、GAGE、RAGE、N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶-V、突变β-catenin、突变MUM-1、突变细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶-4、p21 ras、BCR-abl、p53、p185HER2/neu、突变表皮生长因子受体、癌胚抗原、癌相关性突变粘蛋白、EBNA基因产物、人乳头状瘤病毒E7蛋白、人乳头状瘤病毒E6蛋白、前列腺特异性抗原、前列腺特异性膜抗原、PCTA-1、免疫球蛋白独特型以及T细胞受体独特型。
22.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物用于癌、病毒或寄生虫性病症的治疗。
23.一种治疗方法,包括细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应的诱导,其中的改进包括(ⅰ)施用诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应的佐剂,以及(ⅱ)施用免疫抑制因子拮抗剂;其中佐剂与拮抗剂可按任意顺序依次或同时给药。
24.权利要求23的方法,其中所述分泌的免疫抑制因子为TGFβ。
25.权利要求24的方法,其中所述佐剂与拮抗剂为依次给药。
26.权利要求25的方法,其中CTL诱导佐剂以皮内、肌内或皮下注射给药,TGF拮抗剂以静脉内给药。
27.权利要求23的方法,其中所述治疗包括选自肿瘤或癌、寄生虫感染和病毒感染的疾病的治疗。
28.权利要求23的方法,其中所述治疗包括恢复或提高血细胞生成。
29.权利要求27的方法,其中所述的癌包括乳腺癌、脑癌、子宫颈癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、前列腺癌、皮肤癌、结肠癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肾癌、骨髓瘤、结肠直肠癌或子宫内膜癌。
30.权利要求27的方法,其中所述病毒感染包括乳头状瘤病毒、肝炎、疱疹、巨细胞病毒、呼吸道合胞体病毒或HIV。
31.权利要求27的方法,其中所述寄生虫感染包括疟疾。
32.一种治疗赘瘤或癌生长的方法,包括向需要此种治疗的患者给药:
(a)一种合剂,其包含由癌细胞表达的该癌或肿瘤的抗原以及微流体化抗原制剂,所述抗原制剂包含:
(ⅰ)一种稳定化去污剂,
(ⅱ)一种微胶粒形成剂,以及
(ⅲ)一种可生物降解和生物相容性油脂,
该抗原制剂被配制成稳定的水包油型乳剂;其中所述合剂以足够诱导患者体内细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应的剂量向该患者给药,此反应对该合剂所包含的癌或肿瘤抗原是特异性的,以及
(b)治疗有效量的至少一种能够中和或减量调节肿瘤或宿主分泌的免疫抑制因子活性的制剂。
33.权利要求32的方法,其中所述抗原选自gp100、MART-1/Melan A、gp75、酪氨酸酶、黑色素瘤蛋白多糖、MAGE、BAGE、GAGE、RAGE、N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶-V、突变β-catenin、突变MUM-1、突变细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶-4、p21 ras、BCR-abl、p53、p185HER2/neu、突变表皮生长因子受体、癌胚抗原、癌相关性突变粘蛋白、EBNA基因产物、人乳头状瘤病毒E7蛋白、人乳头状瘤病毒E6蛋白、前列腺特异性抗原、前列腺特异性膜抗原、PCTA-1、免疫球蛋白独特型以及T细胞受体独特型。
34.一种治疗赘瘤或癌生长的方法,包括以足以诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应的量向需要此种治疗的患者给药权利要求1的组合物。
35.一种恢复或提高血细胞生成的方法,包括向需要此种治疗的患者给药:
(a)一种合剂,其包含癌、病毒或寄生虫抗原以及微流体化抗原制剂,所述抗原由该癌、病毒或寄生虫感染的细胞表达,所述抗原制剂包含:
(ⅰ)一种稳定化去污剂,
(ⅱ)一种微胶粒形成剂,以及
(ⅲ)一种可生物降解和生物相容性油脂,
该抗原制剂被配制成稳定的水包油型乳剂;其中所述混合物以足够诱导患者体内细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应的剂量向该患者给药,此反应对该合剂所包含的病毒或癌抗原是特异性的,以及
(b)治疗有效量的至少一种能够中和或减量调节肿瘤或宿主分泌的免疫抑制因子活性的制剂,其中所述合剂及制剂可按任意顺序分别或协同给药。
36.权利要求34的方法,其中所述抗原选自gp100、MART-1/Melan A、gp75、酪氨酸酶、黑色素瘤蛋白多糖、MAGE、BAGE、GAGE、RAGE、N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶-V、突变β-catenin、突变MUM-1、突变细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶-4、p21 ras、BCR-ab1、p53、p185HER2/neu、突变表皮生长因子受体、癌胚抗原、癌相关性突变粘蛋白、EBNA基因产物、人乳头状瘤病毒E7蛋白、人乳头状瘤病毒E6蛋白、前列腺特异性抗原、前列腺特异性膜抗原、PCTA-1、免疫球蛋白独特型以及T细胞受体独特型。
37.一种组合物,包括:
(a)一种合剂,其包含癌、病毒或寄生虫抗原及微流体化抗原制剂,所述抗原由该癌、病毒或寄生虫感染的细胞表达,所述抗原制剂包含:
(ⅰ)一种稳定化去污剂,
(ⅱ)一种微胶粒形成剂,以及
(ⅲ)一种可生物降解和生物相容性油脂,
该抗原制剂被配制成稳定的水包油型乳剂;以及
(b)一种或多种TGFβ拮抗剂。
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US9782452B2 (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2017-10-10 | Cornell University | Methods for stimulating hematopoietic recovery by inhibiting TGFβ signaling |
US20150056199A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2015-02-26 | Acceleron Pharma, Inc. | Tgf-beta receptor type ii variants and uses thereof |
KR20170054429A (ko) | 2014-09-03 | 2017-05-17 | 제네세규스 인코포레이티드 | 치료용 나노입자 및 관련 조성물, 방법, 및 시스템 |
KR20180035884A (ko) | 2015-08-04 | 2018-04-06 | 악셀레론 파마 인코포레이티드 | 골수증식성 장애를 치료하기 위한 방법 |
TWI787230B (zh) | 2017-01-20 | 2022-12-21 | 法商賽諾菲公司 | 抗TGF-β抗體及其用途 |
WO2018204594A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-08 | Acceleron Pharma Inc. | Tgf-beta receptor type ii fusion proteins and uses thereof |
CN112119157A (zh) | 2018-03-06 | 2020-12-22 | 宾夕法尼亚大学董事会 | 前列腺特异性膜抗原car及其使用方法 |
CN114814223A (zh) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-29 | 昆明市妇幼保健院 | 一种用于监测及控制疟原虫治疗的系统及设备 |
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US4052A (en) * | 1845-05-13 | Tktjss | ||
US20020004052A1 (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 2002-01-10 | David Berd | Composition comprising a tumor cell extract and method of using the composition |
US6197311B1 (en) | 1991-07-25 | 2001-03-06 | Idec Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses |
DE69225710T3 (de) * | 1991-07-25 | 2004-10-14 | Idec Pharmaceuticals Corp., San Diego | Anregung von antworten zytotoxischer t-lymphozyten |
US5709860A (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1998-01-20 | Idec Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses |
JPH08504763A (ja) | 1992-10-29 | 1996-05-21 | セルトリックス ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレイテッド | 治療薬としてのTGF−βレセプターフラグメントの使用 |
US5514670A (en) | 1993-08-13 | 1996-05-07 | Pharmos Corporation | Submicron emulsions for delivery of peptides |
US5932212A (en) | 1996-05-24 | 1999-08-03 | Altus Biologics, Inc. | Crosslinked protein crystal formulations and their use as catalysts in organic solvents |
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1998
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- 1998-09-16 ZA ZA988461A patent/ZA988461B/xx unknown
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- 1998-09-17 WO PCT/US1998/018495 patent/WO1999013912A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-17 IN IN2797DE1998 patent/IN190792B/en unknown
- 1998-09-17 EP EP98949313A patent/EP1015031A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-17 KR KR1020007002864A patent/KR100540267B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-17 AR ARP980104649A patent/AR013012A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-17 CN CNB988112809A patent/CN1234413C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-17 CO CO98053593A patent/CO4790100A1/es unknown
- 1998-09-17 JP JP2000511527A patent/JP2001516727A/ja active Pending
- 1998-09-17 CA CA002303178A patent/CA2303178A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-17 IL IL13493798A patent/IL134937A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-17 AU AU95658/98A patent/AU742216B2/en not_active Ceased
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1999
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2001
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2003
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SA98190719B1 (ar) | 2006-08-06 |
AU742216B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
CO4790100A1 (es) | 1999-05-31 |
HK1033653A1 (en) | 2001-09-14 |
IL134937A (en) | 2008-04-13 |
WO1999013912A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
US20040137014A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
NO20001413L (no) | 2000-05-18 |
IN190792B (zh) | 2003-08-23 |
TWI252108B (en) | 2006-04-01 |
JP2001516727A (ja) | 2001-10-02 |
CA2303178A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
EP1015031A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
NO20001413D0 (no) | 2000-03-17 |
KR100540267B1 (ko) | 2006-01-10 |
AR013012A1 (es) | 2000-11-22 |
EP1015031A4 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
US20060153848A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
CN1234413C (zh) | 2006-01-04 |
MY131805A (en) | 2007-09-28 |
KR20010024109A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
US6998125B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 |
ZA988461B (en) | 1999-03-30 |
AU9565898A (en) | 1999-04-05 |
IL134937A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
US20010019715A1 (en) | 2001-09-06 |
RU2219947C2 (ru) | 2003-12-27 |
US20010018054A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
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