CN1275063A - 微波加热器 - Google Patents

微波加热器 Download PDF

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CN1275063A
CN1275063A CN99801032A CN99801032A CN1275063A CN 1275063 A CN1275063 A CN 1275063A CN 99801032 A CN99801032 A CN 99801032A CN 99801032 A CN99801032 A CN 99801032A CN 1275063 A CN1275063 A CN 1275063A
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microwave
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CN1173671C (zh
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N·克罗恩
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Microsulis Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/09—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens wherein the primary active element is coated with or embedded in a dielectric or magnetic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A61B2018/1861—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves with an instrument inserted into a body lumen or cavity, e.g. a catheter

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Abstract

用来施加微波频率的电磁辐射的微波加热器包括:作为微波信号输入端的同轴输入端(5);用来接收和传输微波信号输入的波导(2);介质材料(3),它位于波导中并且延伸到波导外面,以便形成用来辐射微波能量的天线(4),其特征在于:同轴输入端(5)具有直接插入介质填充波导的直插式过渡段。这种直插式过渡段最好通过以下方式实现:同轴输入端的中心导体(6)沿轴向在中心位置深入波导(2)中,以便在波导中激励微波。横向导体(8)在径向上从中心导体(6)伸出,以便帮助在波导中激励微波。加热器最好包括直接连接到同轴输入端(5)的温度传感器(10)。

Description

微波加热器
本发明涉及用于利用微波电磁能量处理物体的微波加热器(applicator)。所述物体最好是生物组织，并且，所述加热器最好用以处理经血过多。
经血过多是妇女年龄超过四十岁时常见的状态并且表现为构成子宫内壁的子宫粘膜的过量出血。
最常用的处理形式是进行将整个子宫切除的子宫切除术。
在其内容被包括在本文中作为参考的我们先前公开的申请WO95/04385号中，我们公开一种用于施加微波频率的电磁辐射的探头，它包括在其端部具有形成天线的露出的部分的介质填充波导。但是，在若干实施例中，在空气填充的第一波导中激励微波，然后，微波进入包含介质材料的第二波导。在所述各波导之间，一段锥形波导形成过渡段。介质填充的波导具有比空气填充的波导小的直径，因为在给定的频率下介质中的波长比较短。因此，在一些波长下，在整个过渡段加热器的直径保持不变。
虽然这种加热器是完全令人满意的，但是，在介质填充波导大的长度下发生的谐振损害了加热器的带宽。这意味着由微波源产生的频率的任何变化都可能产生加热器效率的显著差别。
根据本发明，提供一种用来施加微波频率的电磁辐射的微波加热器，它包括：同轴输入端，用来接收和传输预定频率的微波信号输入；用来接收和传输所述微波信号输入的波导；介质材料，它位于所述波导中并且延伸到所述波导外面，以便形成用来辐射微波能量的天线，该加热器具有以下特征：所述同轴输入端具有直接插入所述介质填充波导的直插式过渡段。
这种直插式过渡段最好通过以下方式实现：所述同轴输入端的中心导体沿轴向在中心位置深入所述波导中，以便在所述波导中激励微波。一个横向导体从所述中心导体朝着波导的外壁在径向上延伸，用来帮助在波导中以适合于传输到天线端部的模式激励微波。
所述加热器最好包括直接连接到所述同轴输入端以便将导线减至最少的温度传感器。
在所述加热器用于诸如子宫内膜分离的医疗处理的场合，重要的是，每一次使用时所述加热器都是消过毒的。因此，加热器最好涂有微波透明涂层，以便可以用传统的方法清洗加热器。
虽然本发明的微波加热器可以用于任何希望的应用场合，但是，它最好用于子宫内膜分离。这要求：向加热器提供基本上能够完全被子宫吸收的频率的微波能量；监视工作温度，以便保证在整个子宫腔内均匀地凝结子宫内膜，并且在足以破坏子宫内膜细胞的一段时间间隔内持续地施加微波能量。
利用微波功率来加热子宫内膜有两个主要优点。首先，微波频率的电磁辐射强烈地被组织吸收，并且，在大约8-12千兆赫兹处，微波能量在大约5毫米厚的组织层内全部被吸收，微波加热不可能扩展到这个范围以外。对于子宫内膜的处理这是理想的，因为子宫内膜是大约5毫米厚。其次，由于这种强烈的吸收，所以，达到要求的温度所需要的功率值是比较小的。
此外，本发明的改进的加热器具有如下的优越于我们上述早期申请中公开的加热器的优点：
(i)波导比较短，因为，通过在同轴输入端和介质填充波导之间形成混合结构，过渡段和辐射端部之间的距离大大地缩短了。这又减少了改进带宽和加热器效率所需要的介质材料的数量；
(ii)有可能使加热器成为柔性的。
下面将参考附图举例说明本发明，附图中：
图1是根据本发明的最佳微波加热器的示意的侧视图；以及
图2图1的波导的显示微波场的示意的平面图。
图1中，微波加热器(1)的圆截面波导(2)填充有介质材料(3)。波导(2)终止于离加热器(1)的端部不远处，而从波导(2)伸出的介质部分(4)形成微波能量的辐射天线端部。所述波导的远离端部(4)的那端连接到激励波导的同轴电缆(5)。电缆(5)的内导体(6)在轴向上沿着波导(2)的轴线伸入介质(3)，以便在波导(2)中直接激励微波。电缆(5)的外导体(17)连接到波导的外导体壁(7)。导体(6)终止于所述波导中，并且，横向导体(8)从导体(6)在径向上伸出、穿过外壁(7)，用来使得能够在介质(3)中激励具有如图2中所示的取向的磁场(14)和电场(15)的微波。
同轴电缆(5)可以是填充空气的，但是，如图1中所示，它填充有介质(16)，而介质(16)终止于离开波导(2)的介质(3)不远处，以便留下空气间隙(18)，后者当所述加热器在使用过程中(处理或消毒过程中任一种情况)被加热时容纳介质(16)的轴向膨胀部分。
选择空气间隙(18)的轴向尺寸L1以及波导(2)中导体(8)的任一侧的导体(6)的轴向尺寸L2和L3，以便使由导体(8)形成的环路的电抗失谐，从而减少波导中微波的反向反射而增强正向发射。
当导体(8)穿过外波导壁(7)时由绝缘部分(9)将其绝缘。
图1中还示出在辐射端部(4)的外侧用来检测工作温度的热偶(10)。此外，为了避免附加导线，热偶(10)直接通过连接线(19)在(11)处连接到同轴电缆(5)的外导体(17)，并且通过所述壁(7)外侧的连接线(20)、借助横向导体(8)和在其外端部的连接线(12)连接到中心导体(6)，因此，热偶信号沿着把微波功率引向辐射端部(4)的同一根同轴电缆(5)传输出去。利用传统的电路(未示出)来感测和提取来自所述同轴电缆的所述直流信号。
虽然未示出，但是，微波加热器(1)备有聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或其它适当材料的微波透明保护涂层。温度感测热偶(10)设置在所述涂层和介质材料之间并且与该介质材料隔离。
本发明的加热器的最佳使用如我们先前公开的申请WO95/04385号中所述，其中从微波频率发生源和放大器向加热器提供微波频谱范围内的、最好是8-12千兆赫兹范围内的微波频率输入信号。

Claims (10)

1.一种用来施加微波频率的电磁辐射的微波加热器，它包括：
同轴输入端(5)，用来接收和传输预定频率的微波信号输入；
用来接收和传输所述微波信号输入的波导(2)；
介质材料(3)，它位于所述波导中并且延伸到所述波导外面，以便形成用来辐射微波能量的天线(4)，其特征在于：
所述同轴输入端(5)具有直接插入所述介质填充波导的直插式过渡段。
2.权利要求1的微波加热器(1)，其特征在于：所述同轴输入端(5)的中心导体(6)沿轴向在中心位置伸入所述波导(2)的所述介质材料(3)中。
3.权利要求2的微波加热器(1)，其特征在于：所述导体(6)终止于所述波导(2)中并且横向导体(8)从所述导体(6)沿径向伸出。
4.权利要求3的微波加热器(1)，其特征在于：所述导体(8)定位于沿所述波导(2)中所述导体的长度的中点位置。
5.权利要求4的微波加热器(1)，其特征在于：所述导体(8)穿过所述波导壁(7)的小孔并且与所述壁(7)电绝缘。
6.以上权利要求中任何一个的微波加热器(1)，其特征在于：所述同轴输入端(5)是介质填充电缆，其中介质(16)终止于离所述波导不远处，以便留下空气间隙(18)。
7.以上权利要求中任何一个的微波加热器(1)，其特征在于：在其上安装传感器，以及所述传感器安装其上，并且所述传感器信号输出端连接到同轴输入端。
8.以上权利要求中任何一个中要求的适合于医疗应用的微波加热器(1)。
9.权利要求8的微波加热器(1)，其特征在于是一种烧蚀器(ablator)。
10.一种基本上如这里参考附图举例说明的微波加热器。
CNB998010324A 1998-05-06 1999-05-05 微波加热器 Expired - Fee Related CN1173671C (zh)

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GB9809539.1 1998-05-06
GBGB9809539.1A GB9809539D0 (en) 1998-05-06 1998-05-06 Microwave applicator

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CN1275063A true CN1275063A (zh) 2000-11-29
CN1173671C CN1173671C (zh) 2004-11-03

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