CN1173671C - 微波加热器 - Google Patents

微波加热器 Download PDF

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CN1173671C
CN1173671C CNB998010324A CN99801032A CN1173671C CN 1173671 C CN1173671 C CN 1173671C CN B998010324 A CNB998010324 A CN B998010324A CN 99801032 A CN99801032 A CN 99801032A CN 1173671 C CN1173671 C CN 1173671C
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microwave
waveguide
microwave applicator
inner wire
applicator
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CN1275063A (zh
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N·克罗恩
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Microsulis Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/09—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens wherein the primary active element is coated with or embedded in a dielectric or magnetic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A61B2018/1861—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves with an instrument inserted into a body lumen or cavity, e.g. a catheter

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  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
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Abstract

用来施加微波频率的电磁辐射的微波加热器包括：作为微波信号输入端的同轴输入端(5)；用来接收和传输微波信号输入的波导(2)；介质材料(3)，它位于波导中并且延伸到波导外面，以便形成用来辐射微波能量的天线(4)，其特征在于：同轴输入端(5)具有直接插入介质填充波导的直插式过渡段。这种直插式过渡段最好通过以下方式实现：同轴输入端的中心导体(6)沿轴向在中心位置深入波导(2)中，以便在波导中激励微波。横向导体(8)在径向上从中心导体(6)伸出，以便帮助在波导中激励微波。加热器最好包括直接连接到同轴输入端(5)的温度传感器(10)。

Description

微波加热器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于利用微波电磁能量处理物体的微波加热器(applicator)。所述物体最好是生物组织，并且，所述加热器最好用以处理经血过多。
背景技术
经血过多是妇女年龄超过四十岁时常见的状态并且表现为构成子宫内壁的子宫粘膜的过量出血。
最常用的处理形式是进行将整个子宫切除的子宫切除术。
在其内容被包括在本文中作为参考的我们先前公开的申请WO95/04385号中，我们公开一种用于施加微波频率的电磁辐射的探头，它包括在其端部具有形成天线的露出的部分的介质填充波导。但是，在若干实施例中，在空气填充的第一波导中激励微波，然后，微波进入包含介质材料的第二波导。在所述各波导之间，一段锥形波导形成过渡段。介质填充的波导具有比空气填充的波导小的直径，因为在给定的频率下介质中的波长比较短。因此，在一些波长下，在整个过渡段加热器的直径保持不变。
虽然这种加热器是完全令人满意的，但是，在介质填充波导大的长度下发生的谐振损害了加热器的带宽。这意味着由微波源产生的频率的任何变化都可能产生加热器效率的显著差别。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种用来施加微波频率的电磁辐射的微波加热器，它包括：同轴输入端，用来接收和传输预定频率的微波信号输入；用来接收和传输所述微波信号输入的波导；介质材料，它位于所述波导中并且延伸到所述波导外面，以便形成用来辐射微波能量的天线，该加热器具有以下特征：所述同轴输入端具有直接插入所述介质填充波导的直插式过渡段。
这种直插式过渡段最好通过以下方式实现：所述同轴输入端的中心导体沿轴向在中心位置深入所述波导中，以便在所述波导中激励微波。一个横向导体从所述中心导体朝着波导的外壁在径向上延伸，用来帮助在波导中以适合于传输到天线端部的模式激励微波。
所述加热器最好包括直接连接到所述同轴输入端以便将导线减至最少的温度传感器。
在所述加热器用于诸如子宫内膜分离的医疗处理的场合，重要的是，每一次使用时所述加热器都是消过毒的。因此，加热器最好涂有微波透明涂层，以便可以用传统的方法清洗加热器。
虽然本发明的微波加热器可以用于任何希望的应用场合，但是，它最好用于子宫内膜分离，例如作为一种烧蚀器。这要求：向加热器提供基本上能够完全被子宫吸收的频率的微波能量；监视工作温度，以便保证在整个子宫腔内均匀地凝结子宫内膜，并且在足以破坏子宫内膜细胞的一段时间间隔内持续地施加微波能量。
利用微波功率来加热子宫内膜有两个主要优点。首先，微波频率的电磁辐射强烈地被组织吸收，并且，在大约8-12千兆赫兹处，微波能量在大约5毫米厚的组织层内全部被吸收，微波加热不可能扩展到这个范围以外。对于子宫内膜的处理这是理想的，因为子宫内膜是大约5毫米厚。其次，由于这种强烈的吸收，所以，达到要求的温度所需要的功率值是比较小的。
此外，本发明的改进的加热器具有如下的优越于我们上述早期申请中公开的加热器的优点：
(i)波导比较短，因为，通过在同轴输入端和介质填充波导之间形成混合结构，过渡段和辐射端部之间的距离大大地缩短了。这又减少了改进带宽和加热器效率所需要的介质材料的数量；
(ii)有可能使加热器成为柔性的。
附图说明
下面将参考附图举例说明本发明，附图中：
图1是根据本发明的最佳微波加热器的示意的侧视图；以及
图2图1的波导的显示微波场的示意的平面图。
具体实施方式
图1中，微波加热器(1)的圆截面波导(2)填充有介质材料(3)。波导(2)终止于离加热器(1)的端部不远处，而从波导(2)伸出的介质部分(4)形成微波能量的辐射天线端部。所述波导的远离端部(4)的那端连接到激励波导的同轴电缆(5)。电缆(5)的内导体(6)在轴向上沿着波导(2)的轴线伸入介质(3)，以便在波导(2)中直接激励微波。电缆(5)的外导体(17)连接到波导的波导壁(7)，该波导壁是一个导电的外壁。导体(6)终止于所述波导中，并且，横向导体(8)从内导体(6)在径向上伸出、穿过波导壁(7)，用来使得能够在介质(3)中激励具有如图2中所示的取向的磁场(14)和电场(15)的微波。
同轴电缆(5)可以是填充空气的，但是，如图1中所示，它填充有介质(16)，而介质(16)终止于离开波导(2)的介质(3)不远处，以便留下空气间隙(18)，后者当所述加热器在使用过程中(处理或消毒过程中任一种情况)被加热时容纳介质(16)的轴向膨胀部分。
选择空气间隙(18)的轴向尺寸L1以及波导(2)中横向导体(8)的任一侧的内导体(6)的轴向尺寸L2和L3，以便使由横向导体(8)形成的环路的电抗失谐，从而减少波导中微波的反向反射而增强微波的正向发射。
当横向导体(8)穿过波导壁(7)时由绝缘部分(9)将其绝缘。
图1中还示出在辐射端部(4)的外侧用来检测工作温度的热偶(10)。此外，为了避免附加导线，热偶(10)直接通过连接线(19)在(11)处连接到同轴电缆(5)的外导体(17)，并且通过波导壁(7)外侧的连接线(20)、借助横向导体(8)和在其外端部的连接线(12)连接到内导体(6)，因此，热偶信号沿着把微波功率引向辐射端部(4)的同一根同轴电缆(5)传输出去。利用传统的电路(未示出)来感测和提取来自所述同轴电缆的所述直流信号。
虽然未示出，但是，微波加热器(1)备有聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或其它适当材料的微波透明保护涂层。温度感测热偶(10)设置在所述涂层和介质材料之间并且与该介质材料隔离。
本发明的加热器的最佳使用如我们先前公开的申请WO95/04385号中所述，其中从微波频率发生源和放大器向加热器提供微波频谱范围内的、最好是8-12千兆赫兹范围内的微波频率输入信号。

Claims (13)

1.一种微波加热器，用来施加微波频率的电磁辐射，该微波加热器包括：
一个波导，其波导壁封住介质材料，该介质材料延伸到超过波导壁的输出端，以便辐射微波能量；以及
一个同轴输入端，包含内导体和包围该内导体的外导电套，用于在波导的输入端处输入预定频率的微波信号，其中所述内导体在波导壁内部从外导电套纵向延伸到所述介质材料，在介质材料内以自由端终止，还有一个与内导体连接的横向导体，并且在介质材料内部与所述自由端间隔预定距离的一点处从所述内导体横向延伸，使得在所述内导体和横向导体内流过的电流在超过所述波导输出端的介质材料内发射微波。
2.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，所述内导体沿波导内的中心轴延伸。
3.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，所述横向导体一直延伸到波导壁。
4.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，所述横向导体位于波导内沿内导体长度的中心区。
5.如权利要求4所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，所述横向导体伸过波导壁中的一个孔，但与波导壁电绝缘。
6.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，所述同轴输入端是一个充有介质的电缆，其中的介质终止于离所述波导不远处，以留下空气间隙。
7.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，该微波加热器上装有一个传感器，该传感器的信号输出端连接到所述同轴输入端。
8.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，该微波加热器适合于医疗用途。
9.如权利要求8所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，该微波加热器适合用作烧蚀器。
10.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，所述波导是一个圆截面波导。
11.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，所述横向导体连接到内导体的能增强波导中微波正向发射的位置。
12.如权利要求1所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，该微波加热器用于施加微波频率的电磁辐射到生物组织的目标部位，其频率能使发射的微波能量被目标部位吸收。
13.如权利要求12所述的微波加热器，其特征在于，所述同轴输入端构制成能在波导的输入端输入微波信号，其频率能使发射的微波能量烧蚀生物组织的目标部位。
CNB998010324A 1998-05-06 1999-05-05 微波加热器 Expired - Fee Related CN1173671C (zh)

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GBGB9809539.1A GB9809539D0 (en) 1998-05-06 1998-05-06 Microwave applicator
GB9809539.1 1998-05-06

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CN1275063A CN1275063A (zh) 2000-11-29
CN1173671C true CN1173671C (zh) 2004-11-03

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CN1275063A (zh) 2000-11-29
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