CN1260721A - 用低聚软骨基质蛋白治疗类风湿性关节炎 - Google Patents
用低聚软骨基质蛋白治疗类风湿性关节炎 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用低聚软骨基质蛋白(COMP)或者其片段或相似物制造药物组合物,用于预防或治疗关节炎病,其中该药剂组合的是是以预防或治疗关节炎病的有效剂量给药。
Description
背景技术
本发明是关于用低聚软骨基质蛋白或者其片段或相似物制造药物组合物,用于对哺乳动物预防或治疗关节炎病。
关节炎是几种炎症性关节病的统称,包括例如类风湿性关节炎,细菌性关节炎,反应性关节炎,以及结晶一该导性关节炎(Crystal-induced arthritis)。类风湿性关节炎(RA)包括一大群非细生关节病。典型的类风湿性关节炎通常影响几个关节(多关节炎),但是也可能局限于一个关节(单关节炎)。对关节软骨的侵犯仅仅是使软骨和骨变性并提害关节功能的几种因素中的一个。还影响到关节囊,韧带和骨组织。现有技术的描述
目前,通过医疗,例如用皮质类固醇或氨甲喋呤,理疗或手术治疗,对于某些病人可使例如类风湿性关节炎的症状减轻,并维持或改善其关节功能。但是,对于一些病人则难以或者不可能通过治疗使之改善。另外,还没有预防类风湿性关节炎的方法。
因此,需要防止类风湿性关节炎的症状。另外还需要减轻和减少类风湿性关节炎的症状。发明概述
本发明的目的是防止或减轻关节炎病的症状。通过如下方法达到了此目的:用低聚软骨基质蛋白(COMP)或者其片段或相似物制造药物组合物,用于对浦乳动物预防或治疗关节炎病。在本发明的优选实施方案中,类风湿性关节炎的症状被防止或减轻了。
本发明是基于本发明人所作的惊人的实验观察结果:COMP是致关节炎的(arthritogenic)。类风湿性关节炎是一种自身免疫性疾病,也就是说,认为是由于哺乳动物的免疫系统功能失常所致,其免疫系统不能区分暴露于此哺乳动物的外源性物质和哺乳动物的各种内源性物质,并开始针对后者制造抗体。
低聚软骨基质蛋白(COMP)是一种524KDa的低聚糖蛋白,主要存在于关节软骨的上部。在所有类型的软骨中,它部是由软骨细胞合成的。此糖蛋白的是由5个二价硫连接的相同亚单位组成,每个亚单位具有大约100KDa的近似分子量(Mr)。可能由于高天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量(约30%),使它具有明显的负离子性,并且它还具有高含量的半胱氨酸,赋予了广泛的二硫键。
文献(1)中对COMP及其特征作了透彻地描述。进而在(2)中提出了COMP的核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列。并且在(8)中显示了COMP的结构模型。
因为在COMP中未发现有羟脯氨酸,所以不含有任何胶原区。根据其糖类的组成,可推断存在N-连接的低聚糖,但不存在O-连接的低聚糖。存在木糖,以及存在接近于等克分子含量的半乳糖胺和葡糖醛酸,表明以硫酸软骨素取代了。木糖,葡糖醛酸和半乳糖胺的数值提示,每个COMP亚单位携带有3-4个各为14-15个二糖的硫酸软骨素链。
因此,COMP是一个已知的化合物,并且以前曾描述过,在诊断方法中可用于评估关节炎病人软骨变性的程度(9)。
已经知道,对存在于关节软骨中的某些软骨抗原的自身免疫反应,可被用于对动物模型诱发类风湿性关节炎。已把不同类型(II,IX和XI)的胶原蛋白和aggrecan归类为可对动物模型诱发自身免疫性和类风湿性关节炎的软骨自身抗原。还已尝试用这些抗原治疗类风湿性关节炎。
但,以前没有发现COMP是致关节炎性的并因此有可能用于治疗类风湿性关节炎。本发明人在试验将COMP给予大鼠之后获得了这种结果。下面将叙述这些实验。
因此,本发明涉及用低聚软骨基质蛋白(COMP),或者其片段或相似物制造药剂组合物,用于对哺乳动物预防或治疗关节炎病,其中是以预防或治疗关节病有效的剂量给予这种药物组合物。
在一个实施方案中,该药物组合物包含能够表达COMP或者其片段或相似物的RNA或DNA序列,或者是含有这种RNA或DNA序列的载体细胞。
本发明的药物组合物还任选地包含一种或几种选自如下的物质:胶原蛋白II,胶原蛋白IX,胶原蛋白XI,以及aggrecan,或者它们的片段或相似物。
在本发明中使用的COMP可能是人,牛,或大鼠来源的,通过微生物或者化学合成产生的。与实验有关的附图
图1显示在以牛COMP免疫的大鼠血清中,对牛COMP和大鼠COMP的体液反应性。应用ELISA程序测定以50-150μg/只大鼠的牛COMP免疫大鼠之后16天和38天,LEW.1AVl(o)大鼠和F344(·)大鼠血清中对COMP的体液反应性。实验
LEW.1AVl(DA)和F344品系大鼠来源于德国 HannoverZentralinstitut für Versuchstierzucht,在“对大鼠近亲繁殖品系的遗传监测”(3)中,描述了这些品系的特征和遗传学。所有的品系都在Uppsala生物医学中心关闭饲养,或者在Karolinska医院,在特殊的无病原体条件下饲养。在瑞典Uppsala国家兽医研究所通过大鼠健康检查程序(1995.11)表明它们是无病原体的。大鼠被关闭在垫有木刨花的聚苯乙烯笼中,保持12小时白天/黑夜循环,使之可自由取得饮水和啮齿动物食物。用于实验的大鼠是10-19周令的雌性大鼠。涉及动物的全部程序均按照瑞典农业部动物实验中心局提出的准则进行。本实验获得了在Stockholm-North的动物实验道德委员会的批准。用牛COMP和大鼠CII诱发关节类
按如下方法用COMP诱发关节炎:将从软骨制备的牛COMP(1),以0.5mg/ml或1.5mg/ml的浓度溶解于pH7.4的磷酸缓冲盐水(PBS)中。用等体积不完全福氏佐剂(Difco,Detroit)乳化这种溶液,在大鼠尾基部皮内注射200μl此乳液(分别50或150μg/只大鼠)。按如下方法用胶原蛋白诱发关节炎:将从软骨肌瘤制备的大鼠II型胶原蛋白(CII),以1.5mg/ml的浓度溶解于0.1M乙酸中。用等体积不完全福氏佐剂乳化这种溶液,在在鼠尾基部皮内注射200μl此乳化液(150μg/只大鼠)。对关节炎的评估
用0-16的记分等级评估关节炎,对四只脚爪的每只按0-4记分,其中0=没有关节炎,1-3=如下的总点数:踝关节-1点肿胀,1个或几个跗内关节和/或跖关节1-点肿胀,以及1个或几个趾骨间关节-1点肿胀,4=全部关节肿胀,即整个脚爪肿胀,从免疫后10天开始,每隔1-3天对大鼠检测一次,直至鼠疫后38天为止。制备正在排空的淋巴结细胞
从用COMP免疫的大鼠和未免疫的对照大鼠,通过切开胶股沟淋巴结,缓慢地研磨使之经过茶滤器,而获得了淋巴结细胞。在pH7.4的PBS中洗此细胞悬液3次。测定对牛COMP的细胞反应性:增殖作用
将腹股沟淋巴结细胞按1×166个细胞/ml悬浮于以5%FCS(Hyclone,Logan,UK),青霉素(100u/ml),谷氨酰胺(2nM)和链霉素(100μg/ml)(均来自Sigma,st Louis Mo)补充的DMEM(X)中。将各个动物的细胞置于9b孔圆底细胞培养板(Numc,Roskil de,丹麦)中,每孔0.2ml。将溶解于10ml pH7.4 PBS的抗原加到每个动物一式3份的孔中,给予的最后浓度为:COMP 10μg/ml和50μg/ml,或ConA 5μg/ml。以加入10μl PBS的孔作为对照。在37℃,5%CO2中培育细胞96小时,通过在收获细胞之前的最后6小时,以1μCi3H-胸苷标记每个孔中的增殖细胞,测定了细胞的增殖。借助了液体闪烁计数法测定了标记物的掺入。纯化大鼠COMP:
大鼠COMP是从Swarm大鼠的软骨肌瘤制备的(6)。简单地说,在含有1mM苯甲磺酰基氟化物(PMSF)和2mM N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)的PBS中将冷冻的Swarm大鼠软骨肌瘤制成匀浆,然后以1500g离心30分钟。重复匀浆和离心2次,随后在此外还含有10mM EDTA的相同缓冲液中提取COMP。在水中将此EDTA提取物1+1稀释,并对DEAE Sepharose CL-6B阴离子交换柱(20×1.6cm)(Pharmacia LKBBiotechnology)加样,此柱先以含有2mM EDTA的10mM tris平衡。用在相同缓冲液中的0-1.0M NaCl梯度液洗脱此柱。通过超滤(YM-10滤器,Amicon)将含有COMP的组分浓缩,并对Superose 6凝胶过滤柱(50×1.6cm)(Pharmaeia LKB Biotechnology)加样,用含有2mM EDTA的BPS洗脱。
对体液抗-牛COMP,抗-大鼠COMP和抗-大鼠CII免疫性的定量测定:
应用酶连免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定了对COMP或CII的IgG抗体滴度。用在pH7.4 PBS中的10μg/ml大鼠CII或2-10μg/ml COMP,在4℃包被Max.Sorp Micro-ELISA板(Nunc,Roskilde,Denmark)过夜。稀释各个血清,通过与碱性磷酸酶标记的、对重链和轻链特异性的羊抗-大鼠IgG(Jackson免疫研究室,WeseGroove,PA)共温育,检测加入的和结合的抗体。然后借助于E-max分光光度计(Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale,CA),以含有对-硝基苯基的底物缓冲液,定量测定所结合的酶。数据以抗体单位(AU)/ml表示,是通过与标准曲线的线性部分相比较计算的,可和来自分别具有给定100AU/ml任选值的LEW 1AVl大鼠的阳性、混合抗-CII血清或抗COMP血清制作标准曲线。每块试验板含有双份阳性参照血清,待测血清样品和阴性血清对照。阴性血清对照是来自未免疫的LEW.1AVl大鼠的单个血清。
结果
牛COMP对LEW.1AVl和F344大鼠的致关节炎性:
在第一次实验中,用50μg COMP/只大鼠免疫了六只LEW.1AVl大鼠(表1)。15-19天后,其中3只(3/6)大鼠形成了主要累及后肢踝关节的关节炎。此疾病是自我限制性的,免疫后38天没有肉眼可见的关节炎或关节强直性病征。在第二次实验中,用150μg COMP/只大鼠免疫了9只LEW.1AVl大鼠和4只年令搭配的F344大鼠(表1)。这种较高的COMP剂量对LEW.1AVl大鼠(5/11)导致了相似的关节炎发病率,但是病症出现较长,在免疫后12-14天出现。而且,此关节炎较严重,通常累及后脚爪的踝关节和跖关节,还观察到趾关节和前脚爪的关节炎。对二只大鼠作临床监测,直至免疫后38天,此时它们出现了关节强直的病征。与LEW-1AVl品系大鼠相对比,F344大鼠显得对COMP诱发性关节炎有较低的易感性,因为,在免疫后的后期时间点25-29天,仅在4只大鼠中的1只,检测有微小的病征。在以牛COMP免疫后16天1个体LEW.1AVl大鼠和F344大鼠对牛COMP的体液反应性:
对单个血清的分析证明了F344大鼠和LEW.1AVl大鼠对COMP都有体液反应性(表1)。抗体的关节炎的存在之间没有相关性。牛COMP与大鼠COMP之间的体液交叉反应性:
测定了来自以牛COMP免疫的LEW.1AVl和F344大鼠血清对牛应性非常相关于对大鼠COMP的反应性,这说明用牛COMP免疫诱导的体液免疫响应是自身免疫。就以COMP或CII免疫所诱发的关节炎而言,LEW.1AVl大鼠对COMP和CII的体液反应性:
分别测定了来自仅以不完全福氏佐剂,或者以不完全福氏佐剂同牛COMP或大鼠CII一起免疫的大鼠血清,对牛COMP和大鼠CII的体液反应性。在表2中所描述的结果证明,在以各自的抗原免疫的LEW.1AVl大鼠中发展了对COMP和CII的反应性,并且证明这二种抗原之间没有交叉反应性。有趣的是,对于具有COMP诱发性关节炎的大鼠,没有任何抗-CII反应性迹象。对于具有CII-诱发性关节炎的大鼠,也没有或者仅有微小的对COMP反应性被检测出。
对于关节炎动物,其体液和细胞免疫反应的二个特征是特别令人关注的:首先,对COMP的体液反应性显然不伴有对大鼠II型胶原蛋白(CII)的反应性。因此,在这二个致关节炎抗原之间没有免疫学交叉-反应性的证据,也没有对大鼠CII体液性自身免疫反应扩散的证据。第二、对COMP的增殖性细胞免疫应答是明显的。这意味着,T-细胞介导性对COMP免疫反应的性质,比那些对以前所述软骨自身抗原的免疫反应更适合用于研究,例如大鼠CII,在体外仅诱发很少的,或者不诱发T-细胞增(未公布的结果)。
在此次研究中还证明,尽管LEW.1AVl品系大鼠对COMP-诱发性关节炎是易感的,但F344大鼠显示出抗性。这表明易感性是由遗传决定的。
作为关节炎诱发性抗原,有几个理由使COMP令人关注。首先,COMP存在于关节软骨的最浅表部分,在此,关节内的免疫细胞容易与它接触。第二,COMP可被释放进入患有早期破坏性关节炎病人的滑液和血清(7),意味着循环中的免疫细胞也易接近这种蛋白质。以前尚未报导,对COMP的诱发性自身免疫性是否可以如本研究中那样引起关节炎,也没有报导关节炎病人是否会发生对COMP的自身免疫反应。
用于这些实验的牛和大鼠COMP是从软骨中纯化获得,以致不可能发现有其它蛋白质污染,如通过在用于生化性质鉴定的SDS-PAGE凝胶上观察到,除COMP外不存在其它蛋白质(资料未公布)。然而,不排除在此制备物中可能存在少量的污染物,但是,这样一些污染物不可能与关节炎的诱发有关,因为它们的浓度处于比用于大鼠的其它致关节炎原浓度更低的数量级。鉴于以COMP制备物免疫的大鼠缺乏对大鼠CII的体液免疫反应,也表明污染性II类胶原蛋白与关节炎的形成无关。
表1,对LEW.1AVl大鼠和F344大鼠以COMP免疫之后,关节炎的形成和对COMP的体液反应性。大鼠品系 # CMOP的 发病时 最高严 严重度 α-COMP α-COMP
剂量 间(天) 重度 38 dpt (AU) (AU)
(μg/rat) 0-38 dpit 18 dpi 38 dpi.LEW.1AVl a1 50 15 1 0 nd** 219(6) a2 50 - 0 0 nd 153
a3 50 - 0 0 nd 213
a4 50 - 0 0 nd 114
a5 50 19 2 0 nd 215
a6 50 19 3 0 nd 326LEW.1AVl b1* 150 12-14 2 na++ 155 na(11) b2* 150 12-14 5 na 152 na
b3 150 - 0 0 210 219
b4* 150 12-14 2 na 117 na
b5 150 - 0 0 148 168
b6 150 12-14 4 2 137 265
b7 150 12-14 7 6 142 483
b8 150 - 0 0 151 243
b9 150 - 0 0 85 178
b10* 150 - 0 na 136 na
b11* 150 - 0 na 170 naF344 b12 150 - 0 0 157 298(4) b13 150 - 0 0 199 300
b14 150 - 0 0 160 361
b15 150 26-29 1 0 118 453
以在不完全福氏佐剂中的牛COMP免疫LEW.1AVl和F344大鼠,应用ELISA程序测定针对牛COMP的体液反应性。#=动物数,dpi=免疫后的天数。·免疫后16天杀死了这些大鼠。
--nd=未作。++na=不可能,因为在免疫后16天大鼠已被杀死了。
表2:仅以不完全福氏佐剂(IFA)免疫的,或者以不完全福氏佐剂连同COMP或CII一起免疫的LEW.1AVl大鼠,对COMP和II类胶原蛋白的体液反应性。用如下物质免疫大鼠: 最高严重度 a-Cll a-COMP
(AU) (AU)
IFA(6) 0 0 0
CH+IFA(5) 7-12 61-223 0-2
COMP+IFA(5) 1-7 0 215-483
从如下的大鼠取得血清:形成了牛COMP-诱发性关节炎的大鼠(免疫后38天,38dpi),形成了大鼠胶原蛋白-诱发性关节炎的大鼠(28dpi),或者作为对照的,仅以IFA免疫的大鼠(28dpi)。
表3:来自以COMP免疫的LEW.1AVl大鼠的淋巴结细胞的增殖反应,比较未受刺激的细胞和受COMP或ConA刺激的细胞。
动物数 关节炎严重度 被如下刺激的增殖反应(cpm):
对照 COMP Con A
1 2 1506 12433 26315
2 5 2754 27014 37624
3 2 4541 25604 38135
4 0 3658 28820 40961
从4只雌性LEW.1AVl大鼠制备的淋巴结细胞,是以在不完全福氏佐剂中乳化的牛COMP150μg/只大鼠免疫后16天制备的。细胞或者不受刺激(对照),或者用牛COMP(10μg/ml),或ConA(5μg/ml)刺激。
在整个申请书中所用的名词COMP的“片段”,包括它的任何部分氨基酸序剂或修饰的部分序列,那些长度比COMP短,以及/或者含有对其组成氨基酸的任何缺失/取代或修饰的序列,它能够类似于COMP诱发生物反应,即能够抑制或消除T-细胞或B-细胞介导的,和/或T-细胞或B-细胞依赖性自身免疫反应,或者以某种方式起作用,以致抑制COMP的致关节炎作用。在整个申请书中所用的名词COMP的“相似物”,包括具有类似于COMP生物活性的化合物(肽类和非肽化合物),即能够消除或抑制T-细胞或B-细胞介导的,和/或T-细胞或B-细胞依赖性自身免疫反应,或者以某种方式起作用,以致抑制COMP的致关节炎作用。因此,后一名词包括有一个或几个氨基酸不同于COMP的氨基酸序列,但基本保持有同等的生物活性的氨基酸序列,以及能够抑制或减轻类风湿性关节炎症状,与COMP的生物活性极相似的化合物。
这种含有COMP或者其片段或相似物的药物组合物,可以按多种已知的途径,包括口服,粘膜,鼻腔,直肠或阴道途径,或者通过吸入或注射,对哺乳动物,优选地是人给药。
用于口服给药时,此药物组合物可以是例如片剂,丸剂,胶囊剂,糖浆剂,粉剂,粒剂或溶液剂。
用于口服给药时,该活性化合物可以同如下成分混合佐剂或载体混合,例如:乳糖、蔗糖,山梨醇,甘露醇,淀粉如马玲薯淀粉,玉米淀粉或支链淀粉,纤维素衍生物,粘合剂如明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,以及润滑剂如硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸钙,聚乙烯二醇,蜡类,石蜡等,然后压制成片剂。如果需要包衣,可将如上述配制的片芯用浓缩的糖溶液包衣,此糖溶液可能包含例如阿拉伯胶,明胶,滑石粉,二氧化钛等。另一种方法是,可将此片剂用适合的易溶于挥发性有机溶剂中的聚合物包衣。
为了制备明胶软胶囊剂,可将此化合物同例如植物油或聚乙烯二醇混合。明胶硬胶囊剂可以包含用上述二者片剂赋形剂配制的该化合物颗粒,例如乳糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇,淀粉,纤维素衍生物或明胶等赋形剂。还可以将该药物的液体或半固体制剂灌装进入明胶硬胶囊中。
用于口服的液体制剂可以是糖浆或悬液的形式,例如含有该化合物的溶液,其余部分是糖,以及乙醇、水,甘油和丙二醇的混合物。任选地这种液体制剂还可以包含增白剂,芳香剂、甜味剂以及作为调化剂的羧甲基纤维素,或者本领域技术人员熟知的其它赋形剂。
该药物组合物还可能包含药剂学允许的一些载体如水,混悬剂和乳化剂。
该药物组合物中还可能包含粘膜结合性化合物。
本活性成分,即COMP或者它的具生物活性的片段或相似物的确切剂量,取决于病人的年龄,性别和身体状况即类风湿性关节炎的严重程度,以及任何并行的治疗。但是,此剂量必须能防止或减轻类风湿性关节炎的症状。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物包含同一种或几种选自胶原蛋白II,IX,XI和aggrecan,或者它们的片段或相似物的致关节炎物质组合的COMP或者其片段或相似物。
COMP及其片段或相似物,可以从如(1)中所述的天然存在的材料中分离出,或者可以由(2)中对COMP给出的核苷醇序列表达产生。有关技术人员应该知道如何能实现这种表达,以及如何能从这种核苷酸序列制备出这种片段或相似物。还可以应用(2)中给予的推导出的氨基酸序列,化学合成COMP及其片段和相似物。
因此本发明还涉及上述COMP的用途,其中该药物组合物包含表达COMP或者其片段或相似物的RNA或DNA序列,或者包含携带有该RNA或CNA序列的载体细胞。这样,该RNA或NDA序列可对哺乳动物直接给药或者通过载体细胞给药。
COMP或者其片段或相似物可以是任何来源的,但是优选的是来源于人,大鼠或牛的。可借助于标准的方法,通过从这些来源中的任何一种纯化制得。还可以如上面所述通过微生物表达或者化学合成获得。
可以将本发明的COMP或者其片段或相似物加到药物组合物中,对哺乳动物给药,以及防止或减轻关节炎病,优选的是类风湿性关节炎的症状。因此,当对患有类风湿性关节炎的哺乳动物,优选地是人,给予本发明的药物组合物时,COMP或者其片段或相似物作为一种耐受原(tolerogen)而起作用,因此可诱发免疫耐受性。
另外,还可以通过对例如由于遗传学推测而怀疑会患这种关节炎病的哺乳动物给药,将COMP或者其片段或相似物用于预防关节炎病,优选的是类风湿性关节炎。在这种情况下,既不会出现起因于自身免疫性反应的平衡干扰,也不会发生关节炎病。
参考文献:
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质。Arch Biochem Biophys 166:181-186,1975
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分析。1.DBA/1小鼠中,自身反应性与非自身反应性抗-II型
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6.Mrgelin M等:电子显微镜揭示,从Swarm大鼠软骨肌瘤
(chondrocarcoma)纯化的天然低聚软骨基质蛋白具有5-臂
连接结构(five-armed structure)。 J Biol Chem
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Claims (7)
1.低聚软骨基质蛋白(COMP)或者其片段或相似物在制备用于预防或治疗哺乳动物关节炎病的药物组合物中的应用,其中该药物组合物是以预防或治疗关节炎病的有效剂量给药。
2.权利要求1的应用,其中该药物组合物含有能够表达COMP或者其片段或相似物的RNA或DNA序列,或者含有携带有此RNA或DNA序列的载体细胞。
3.权利要求1或2的应用,其中在该药物组合物中还任选地含有一种或几种选自胶原蛋白II,胶原蛋白IX,胶原蛋白XI和aggrecan的物质,或者它们的片段或相似物。
4.权利要求1的应用,其中的COMP是来源于人,牛或大鼠,或者由微生物产生,或者由化学合成。
5.上述权利要求中任何之一的应用,其中该药物组合物可通过口服,粘膜,鼻腔,直肠或阴道途径给药,或者通过吸入或注射给药。
6.权利要求1的应用,其中的哺乳动物是人。
7.权利要求1的应用,其中的关节炎病是类风湿性关节炎。
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