CN1254521C - Chitin soil improver - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a chitosan soil improver. The present invention is characterized in that the present invention is prepared by the following method that 1) waste bacterium pack processing: edible fungus culture waste bacterium packs using wood dust, cottonseed hulls and straws as main materials are solarized in advance, water content is regulated to 60% to 70%, and then, the waste bacterium packs are accumulated to be naturally fermented; 2) chitosan preparation: 10 to 100 portions by weight of chitosan are weighed to be dissolved in 1000 portions by weight of acetic acid solution of 2% to 10%, and a pH is regulated to be neutral by a NaOH solution; 3) chitosan soil improver preparation, after chitosan liquid with the concentration of 1% to 10% is diluted by 5 to 8 times of water, the chitosan liquid is uniformly sprayed on the fermented waste bacterium packs in a proportion of the chitosan diluted liquid to the waste bacterium packs of 5 to 8:200 to 600. The present invention reduces corresponding waste generation amount and reasonably develops and scientifically uses generated waste. The present invention has the advantages of environmental pollution reduction, energy (source) saving, simple and convenient operation, use amount reduction of fertilizer and pesticide, and enhancement of crop yield and quality.

Description

A kind of chitosan soil improvement agent

Technical field

The present invention relates to soil improvement agent, specifically useless bacterium bag (bacterium chaff) interpolation chitosan (Chitosan) is made into soil improvement agent.

Background technology

At present, China edible mushrooms has all been obtained breakthrough at the aspect such as perfect of the exploitation introduction of the expansion in the foundation of breeding of new variety, new cultivation mode, the new place of production, new kind, supporting technology.To 23 the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities' incomplete statistics in the whole nation, the bright product total amount of national edible mushrooms reached 663.8 ten thousand tons in 2000, really became Edible Fungi big country according to edible fungi of china association.Bag Material is cultivated flower mushroom Study on Technology and popularization, product fresh-keeping with the popularizing and improve of processing technology, the propagation of market information and the promotion of market value make China make the country prosperous to Edible Fungi from Edible Fungi big country and have strided forward major step.The research and extension of stalk and bacterium grass resource makes some kind become the mushroom industry of Sustainable development, and the hope of ecological mushroom industry also becomes possibility.

But, along with the development of mushroom industry, people will give up chronically, in large quantities bacterium bag to environmental emission or the amount of shelving also in year by year increase.Because the restriction of scientific and technological level is familiar with inadequately and is subjected to by manufacturing enterprise to the bacterium chaff that abandons now, caused and used useless bacterium bag hardly as new resource, but adopt conventional method that they are used as the undue concentrated stacking of refuse, contaminate environment, so in the heart people, it is dirty, mashed, smelly, useless article, it also usually causes gathering of harmful meiofauna, a large amount of breedings of pathogenic micro-organism, life brings hidden danger to human beings'health, also brings new threat for the growth of plant and animal, breeding.

1811, French natural history scholar Braconnot handled Agaricus Vocuaceus with diluted alkaline and obtains a kind of material, and it is called after fungine for it; 1832, Odier also found this biology from insect, and with its called after Chitin, after this more than two in century, the scholar of countries in the world round source, structure, character and the application start of Chitin long term studies; Up till now, the knowledge of relevant Chitin is very abundant, and known Chitin is a kind of linear glycosaminoglycan, and its formal name used at school is N-ethanoyl-2-amino-2-deoxidation β (1.4)-D-glucose, and molecular formula is (C ₈H ₁₃NO ₅) _n, its chitin that is otherwise known as, chitin, exist in the Chitin molecular structure a large amount of-OH and-NHCOCH ₃Molecular chain is arranged in the mode of anti-phase parallel (α type) or (β type), so intramolecularly and intermolecularly all have a large amount of hydrogen bonds, so Chitin's is poorly soluble, in water insoluble, diluted acid, diluted alkaline and the most solvent, Chitin extensively is present in the wing or shell of arthropods class, also is present in the cell walls of fungi.The insoluble of Chitin has limited range of application greatly, and up to 1894, Hoppe-Seyler found can obtain a kind of derivative with the alkaline purification chitin, and with its called after Chitosan (chitosan), molecular formula is (C ₆H ₁₁NO ₄) _nThe molecular formula rigidity of this material than Chitin a little less than, its structure is looser than Chitin also, the change of these character, help entering of solvent molecule, increased the solubleness of Chitosan in acidic solution, the while also provides new approach and wide application prospect for the development and use of Chitin.Up till now, the Chitosan of Chitin through taking off N-ethanoyl gained uses and spread all over medical science, biotechnology, chemical industry, food, agricultural, environmental protection etc.Its Application Areas will be developed gradually.

The application of Chitosan in agricultural:

(1) degradative plastic film

In agriculture production; plastic film is used as mulch film usually; good effect has been played in water conservation, guarantor's soil, promotion plant growth; but this macromolecular compound can not decompose in soil; often cause soil compaction; reduced the utilization benefit of soil resource; yet someone reports; can be degraded fully by the microorganism in the soil after six months to contain the polyethylene film that 10%Chitosan makes; thereby protected soil inherent physical structure; simultaneously, along with the amino among the degraded Chitosan of mulch film is converted into the required nitrogen nutrition of plant growth.

(2) plant-growth regulator

Handle vegetable seed with Chitosan, can excite seed to sprout ahead of time, improve germinating energy and percentage of germination, make the seedling stalwartness, increase is tillered, and promotes growth, improves the yield and quality of vegetable crop.

(3) environment-friendly material

Chitosan can with heavy metal complexings such as lead in the soil, chromium, and objectionable impurities such as toxic substances such as phenols, organic amine in can also adsorbent solution, thereby reduced the soakage of farm crop to toxic substance, reduce the indirect intake of people and animal, played good environment and safety benefit.

(4) pathogenic bacteria growing resistance preparation

Chitosan can suppress the growth of various bacteria, has anti-mycotic activity, can stop growing of pathogenic mycetocyte, induce the protection mechanism of host plant to pathogenic bacteria, thereby reduced the harm of mushroom to plant, especially fungi and the strong mushroom of silk are had unique effect, the novel plant resistance inductors therefore is otherwise known as.

(5) nematocides

Nematode is the big monoid that value volume and range of product is only second to insect in the animal kingdom, and many nematodes live in the root that parasitizes farm crop in the arable layer in the soil and caused very big harm to agriculture production.Chitosan and appropriate carriers are mixed mutually, can be made into a kind ofly to the very effective natural goods agricultural chemicals of control nematode, it is by impelling a kind of enzyme that can kill nematode and worm's ovum thereof of microorganisms in the soil, thus the indirect purpose that reaches deinsectization.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of crumb structure that can improve soil, reduce chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals amount of application, improve crop yield and improve the chitosan soil improvement agent of quality.

The present invention carry out the farmland, Yunnan () in environmental evaluation, dynamic monitoring and the process for comprehensively treating research project, useless bacterium bag (bacterium chaff) has been carried out scientific investigation from the angle of " waste pollution+technology "=" potential resources and profit ", drawn new understanding.Useless bacterium bag main component is macromolecular substance such as the Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen in wood chip, cotton seed hull, stalk and the straw and inorganic salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, also has chitin, but content is on the low side, these materials are the starting material of the newly individual structure of plant, growth, growth mostly, also are the matrix of improving soil physico-chemical property simultaneously.Fully realized the resource of different shape, made it be converted into scientific payoffs:

1, the clear and definite resource utilization of useless bacterium bud, and it as extraordinary carrier and bio-feritlizer;

2, chitosan (Chitosan) invests carrier and is applied in the farmland by certain amount.

Chitosan soil improvement agent of the present invention is produced by the following method:

1) processing of useless bacterium bag (bacterium chaff): the pre-solarization of useless bacterium bag that with wood chip, cotton seed hulls, straw is the edible fungus culturing of major ingredient handled, and regulates moisture content 60%～70%, piles up spontaneous fermentation then;

2) preparation of chitosan liquid: take by weighing chitosan weight part 10～100 and be dissolved in 2%～10% the acetum weight part 1000, transfer pH to neutral with NaOH solution;

3) preparation of chitosan soil improvement agent: (with 667m ²Consumption is unit preparation) with concentration be 1%～10% chitosan liquid with 5～8 times of water dilutions after, with the chitosan diluent: useless bacterium is wrapped=5～8: 200～600 ratio, evenly is sprayed at the useless bacterium that ferments and wraps and make.

Positively effect of the present invention is embodied in following several respects:

1, reduced the generation of relative refuse, and to the refuse that has produced carried out rationally can developing, scientific utilization.

2, can reduce the environmental pollution that causes because of useless bacterium bag undue concentration.

3, be the application of Chitin/Chitosan open way.

4, spontaneous fermentation does not just need high-temperature sterilization to handle, conserve energy (source), and easy and simple to handle.

5, reduce the usage quantity of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, improve crop yield and quality, produce good Ecological Society economic and environmental benefit.

Following field experiment result shows that this soil improvement agent not only can regulate the physico-chemical property of soil, can also improve the farmland () the miniclimate of soil microorganisms environment.So it can promote crop growth, reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, improve the yield and quality of crop.

The main monitoring result of table 1 Jinning County Jinsha experiment and demonstration district agricultural product quality

Sample/standard	Output kg/ 667m 2	Hg mg/ kg	Cd mg/ kg	As mg/ kg	Pb mg/ kg	Cr mg/ kg	NO 3 mg/g	The residual inhibiting rate % of farming	Acephatemet mg/kg
										Chinese cabbage ck Chinese Cabbage wheat-straw Chinese Cabbage conditioner Chinese Cabbage silicate wild cabbage ck wild cabbage is executed the chitin wild cabbage and is executed 778 pollution-free vegetable safety requirements	5155 5354 5568 5319 6614 6681 5547 -	0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 ≤ 0.01	0.041 0.040 0.037 0.028 0.029 0.026 0.022 ≤ 0.05	0.200 0.004 0.003 0.049 0.044 0.034 0.040 ≤ 0.5	0.104 0.097 0.094 0.071 0.09 0.08 0.09 ≤ 0.2	0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.10 ≤ 0.5	1532 639 630 843 236 220 294 ≤ 3000	13.9 1.7 17.0 14.0 14.3 15.0 14.4 ≤ 50	ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Table 2. Chinese cabbage integrated pest prevention and control test-results

Handle	Output kg	Comparison is according to increasing %	Than combining the anti-% that increases	Farming is residual	Pesticide dosage g/667m 2
									Sterilant	Comparison is according to increasing %	Sterilant	Comparison is according to increasing %
					Enrich on the CK CK basis and contain alkaline polysaccharide (Chitosan) bacterium bag A	400 889	0 122.2	0 31.7					Not super not super	164 84	0 -48.8％	432 240	-44.4％
Enrich on the CK basis and contain alkaline polysaccharide (Chitosan) bacterium bag B	909	127.2	34.7	Not super					The same		The same

Table 3 cucumber is used chitosan soil improvement agent effect

Handle	Output kg/667m 2	Comparison is according to increasing %	Net return kg/667m 2	Comparison is according to increasing %
					CK uses barnyard manure 500kg/667m 2Use chemical fertilizer N 16kg/667m 2Chitosan soil improvement agent 150kg/667m 2	2778 2903 3123	0 4.5 12.4	1288 1241 1330	0 -3.6 3.3

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

1, the processing of useless bacterium bag (bacterium chaff):

It is diffusing with wood chip, cotton seed hulls, straw to be that the useless bacterium bag of the edible fungus culturing bacterium chaff of major ingredient strikes, and pre-the solarization one day after the not conglomeration regulated moisture content 60%～70%, piles up spontaneous fermentation then, and the heap face spends the night with plastic covered, ensures that fermentation is more complete;

2, the preparation of chitosan liquid:

Take by weighing chitosan 20 gram and be dissolved in 2% acetum 1000 grams, transfer pH to neutral with NaOH solution;

3, the preparation of chitosan soil improvement agent: (with 667m ²Consumption is the unit preparation)

Getting 200 kilograms of useless bacterium bags that ferment, is after 5 times of water dilutions of 1 kilogram of usefulness of chitosan liquid of 2%, evenly to be sprayed at the useless bacterium that ferments and to wrap then with concentration, and this formulation is applicable to field crop.(generally now with the current)

4, using of soil improvement agent:

Fertilizing method routinely gets final product, and executes, spreads manuer in holes as canal.

Embodiment 2:

1, the processing of useless bacterium bag (bacterium chaff): with embodiment 1;

2, the preparation of chitosan liquid:

Take by weighing chitosan 50 gram and be dissolved in 6% acetum 1000 grams, transfer pH to neutral with NaOH solution;

3, the preparation of chitosan bacterium bud soil improvement agent: (with 667m ²Consumption is the unit preparation)

Getting 300 kilograms of useless bacterium bags that ferment, is after 6 times of water dilutions of 1 kilogram of usefulness of chitosan liquid of 5%, evenly to be sprayed at the useless bacterium that ferments and to wrap then with concentration, and this formulation is applicable to vegetable crop ground.

Embodiment 3:

1, the processing of useless bacterium bag (bacterium chaff): with embodiment 1;

2, the preparation of chitosan liquid:

Take by weighing chitosan 100 gram and be dissolved in 10% acetum 1000 grams, transfer pH to neutral with NaOH solution;

3, the preparation of chitosan bacterium bud soil improvement agent: (with 667m ²Consumption is the unit preparation)

Getting 600 kilograms of useless bacterium bags that ferment, is after 8 times of water dilutions of 1 kilogram of usefulness of chitosan liquid of 10%, evenly to be sprayed at the useless bacterium that ferments and to wrap then with concentration, and this formulation is applicable to flowers ground, vegetable crop ground.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of chitosan soil improvement agent is characterized in that producing by the following method:

1) processing of useless bacterium bag: the pre-solarization of useless bacterium bag that with wood chip, cotton seed hulls, straw is the edible fungus culturing of major ingredient handled, and regulates moisture content 60%～70%, piles up spontaneous fermentation then;

2) preparation of chitosan liquid: take by weighing chitosan weight part 10～100 and be dissolved in 2%～10% the acetum weight part 1000, transfer pH to neutral with NaOH solution;

3) preparation of chitosan soil improvement agent: with concentration be 1%～10% chitosan liquid with 5～8 times of water dilutions after, with the chitosan diluent: the ratio of useless bacterium bag=5～8: 200～600 evenly is sprayed at the useless bacterium that ferments and wraps and make.