CN1251558A - 预制货架 - Google Patents

预制货架 Download PDF

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CN1251558A
CN1251558A CN98803809A CN98803809A CN1251558A CN 1251558 A CN1251558 A CN 1251558A CN 98803809 A CN98803809 A CN 98803809A CN 98803809 A CN98803809 A CN 98803809A CN 1251558 A CN1251558 A CN 1251558A
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CN1091725C (zh
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林邦勋
林效演
林容奭
林栽成
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    • B65D19/0004Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0053Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0077Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0089Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0093Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0095Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a stringer-like shape
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Abstract

一种预制货架,它包括许多平行地布置的水平塑料构件(1),每一根水平构件上都有许多沿着该水平构件的长度形成的垂直的固定孔。许多布置在水平构件上并与其成直角相交的纵向塑料构件(2),每一根垂直构件都包括一块纵向板条,在该板条的底面上有许多固定块,在该板条的顶面上,在上述各固定块周围的位置上,有插入管子的孔,固定块嵌入水平构件(1)的垂直的固定孔内,从而不需在交点上使用任何钉子、螺钉或铆钉,就能把这些构件装配成一个整体。在各垂直构件上,在各固定块的位置上有插入管子的孔(7),因而能有选择地把货架做成多层结构的货架。

Description

预制货架
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及在仓库、工厂或车辆中用于堆放、储存或搬运材料和货包的货架,更具体的说,涉及一种预制货架,它能借助于把许多垂直和水平构件互相固定在一起,方便而牢固地装配好,并且在需要时很容易拆卸。
背景技术
如本技术领域的技术人员所公知的,货架是用于在仓库、工厂或车辆中堆放、储存或搬运材料和货包(原材料、半成品或成品)的轻便的装卸台。当需要用叉车把材料和货包与这种货架一起搬运时,货架不是留在支承表面上,而是与材料和货包一起被叉车托起来搬运的。
用于堆放、储存或搬运材料和货包的普通货架是把许多垂直和水平,各有预定尺寸的木制构件成直角地连接在一起而制成的。因此,要用许多钉子、螺钉或铆钉在这些构件的交叉点上把这些垂直和水平构件连接成一个整体。例如,为了制造一块货架,要把许多具有同样尺寸和形状的矩形木条以有规律的间距平行地布置好。然后,把许多木板有规律地布置在这些木条上,并与这些木条相交成直角,再用许多钉子把这些木板固定在这些木条上。
但是,这种木制货架的问题在于制造起来很麻烦,因为,必须把纵向和水平构件布置成互相成直角相交,再在交叉点上一个一个地钉上许多钉子,使这些构件组合成一个整体。当要从这种货架上搬运材料或货包时,很遗憾,这些货架都会被刮坏,不能再使用。这样就浪费了资源,增加了货物的流通费用,而且对于使用者也很不方便。
当这种木制货架用来在空气潮湿的仓库里储存材料或货包,或者在露天里储存砖头或石子时,它很容易受潮。这种受潮了的木制货架会变形或者腐朽,从而不能稳固地支承材料、货包、砖头和石子。这种腐朽了的木制货架还发出一种难闻的,刺激周围人的气味。
这种木制货架遇到的第二个问题是它所能堆放、储存或搬运的材料和货包要受到这些材料和货包的尺寸和形状的限制。就是说,这种普通的木制货架的尺寸是固定的,所以必须分别制造许多不同尺寸的货架,以满足不同尺寸材料和货包的需要,这就降低了货架的生产能力。
发明综述
因此,有鉴于现有技术中所存在的以上问题,本发明的一个目的是提供一种预制货架,它包括许多垂直和水平的塑料构件,不必使用任何钉子、螺钉或铆钉就能很容易地把这些垂直和水平的构件互相固定在一起,方便而牢固地组装好,而且在需要时很容易拆卸。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种预制货架,这种预制货架的尺寸可以随着垂直和水平构件的布置而自由变化,因此,不论材料和货包的尺寸如何,这种货架能自由地用来支承各种尺寸的材料和货包。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种预制货架,它有许多插入管子的孔,这些孔能让货架装配成一个多层结构,从而增大货架的装载容量。
为了达到上述目的,按照本发明的优选实施例的预制货架包括:许多平行地布置的水平构件,每一根水平构件上都有许多垂直的固定孔;以及许多布置在上述水平构件上并与其成直角相交的垂直构件,每一根垂直构件都包括一块纵向板条,在该板条的底面上有许多固定块,在该板条的顶面上,在上述各固定块周围的位置上,有插入管子的孔,这些固定块嵌入上述水平构件的垂直的固定孔内,从而把上述这些垂直构件和水平构件装配成一个整体。
各垂直构件的固定块的下部的外表面做成台阶形,并且在垂直构件的顶面上有凹下一定深度的插入管子的孔。
各水平构件上的各垂直的固定孔的尺寸和形状与上述各固定块的尺寸和形状相对应,所以,上述固定块能紧密地插入上述固定孔内,因而,不必在交叉点上使用任何钉子、螺钉或铆钉,就能把纵向和水平构件稳定而牢固地装配在一起。
附图说明
下面,参照附图详细描述本发明的实施例,将能更加清楚地了解本发明的上述和其他目的,以及其他的特点和优点。附图中:
图1是按照本发明的一个主要实施例的预制货架的平面图;
图2a和2b分别是包括在本发明的货架中的一根水平构件的立体图和纵断面图;
图3a和3b分别是包括在本发明的货架中的一根垂直构件的立体图和纵断面图;
图4a和4b分别是两种卡在本发明的货架上两种型式的开口上的填充板的立体图;
图5是沿图1中的A-A线的货架的断面图;
图6是按照本发明的另一个实施例的一种两层预制货架的立体图;以及
图7a和7b分别是图6中的连接部分“A”、“B”的断面图。
最佳实施模式
图1是按照本发明的一个主要实施例的预制货架的平面图。图2a和2b是表示包括在上述货架中的一根水平构件的结构的图。图3a和3b是表示包括在上述货架中的一根垂直构件的结构的图。
如图所1示,本发明的货架包括许多水平构件1和许多垂直构件2。在这种货架中,水平构件1布置成平行的结构,而垂直构件2布置在这些水平构件1的上面,并与水平构件1相交成直角。上述水平构件1的结构示于图2a和2b。
图2a是水平构件1的立体图,而图2b是水平构件1的纵断面图。如图2a和2b所示,各水平构件1是具有矩形横断面的纵向杆件。在水平构件1上还有许多有规律地间隔开的垂直固定孔3,而在各垂直固定孔3之间留有许多筋片。在每一块筋片顶面的两侧形成两条纵向的线性凹槽4。此外,在各筋片上部的中央有一个纵向的孔5,其中能有选择地容纳一根连接杆13,对此将在下文中描述。水平构件1的顶面在固定孔3周围区域局部凹下去一定的深度,以便当把水平构件1与垂直构件2组装成一个货架时,能让垂直构件2在交点上卡在这些凹坑里。由于水平构件1上的这种凹坑,所以,当把两种构件1和2装配成一体构架时,各水平构件1的顶面便与各垂直构件2的顶面齐平。
各固定孔3上部的横断面是矩形的,而下部的横断面是圆形的,因此,在具有不同横断面的两部分连接处有一个台阶。此时,矩形横断面部分的各条边都比圆形横断面部分的直径长,而各固定孔3的台阶形侧壁的轮廓在图2b中看得很清楚。在本发明中,最好用一种高强度的塑料来制造水平构件1。
图3a是垂直构件2的立体图,把垂直构件2与水平构件1组装起来,便组成了本发明的货架。图3b是上述垂直构件2的纵断面图。如图3a和3b所示,各垂直构件2包括一块纵向板条,在板条的底面上有许多固定块6。在上述垂直构件2中,在板条的顶面上,在围绕各固定块6的位置上,各有一个插入管子的孔7。上述纵向板条在它的两条侧边上还有许多台阶状的肩部8和两种类型的缺口9a和9b。
在各垂直构件2上,最好在两个端部位置各有一个固定块6,在中间位置上也有两个固定块6。各固定块6的尺寸和形状均与水平构件1上的各固定孔3的尺寸和形状相配。即,每一个固定块6的上部是矩形横断面部分,而下部是圆形横断面部分。
在各固定块6的上部有一个横向的孔10。这个孔10与水平构件1上的孔5对准,并且能有选择地容纳一根连接杆13。在本发明中,最好用高强度的塑料来制造垂直构件2。
图4a和4b分别是两种卡在本发明的货架的两种型式的开口上的填充板的立体图。即,图4a中的第一填充板,即较大的填充板11卡在图1中货架两边的开口“A”中,而第二填充板,即较小的填充板12则卡在货架中央的开口“B”中。
第一填充板11的尺寸和形状与货架两边的开口“A”的尺寸和形状相同,因而能有效地盖住开口“A”。上述两边的开口“A”是由水平构件1和垂直构件2在货架的两侧形成的。在第一填充板11的两侧边上交替地形成了许多宽的和窄的凸台11a和11b。当第一填充板11卡在货架的开口“A”中时,宽的凸台11a就卡在垂直构件2的台阶形肩部8内,而窄的凸台11b则卡在垂直构件2的第一缺口9a内。
第二填充板12在相对的两侧边上各有一个凸台12a,所以填充板12能稳固地卡在货架的中央开口“B”内,它的两个凸台12a卡在两根位于上述开口“B”两侧的垂直构件2的第二缺口9b内。此时,填充板12的另两条没有凸台12a的侧边则卡在位于开口“B”两侧的两根水平构件1上的凹进去的顶面上。
当然,应该理解,本发明的这种货架没有这两种第一和第二填充板11和12也可以使用。不过,当必须盖住货架上的开口“A”和“B”,以便防止货架所支承的材料或货包太小而通过开口“A”和“B”时,最好使用填充板11和12。
当货架的开口“A”和“B”被填充板11和12完全盖住时,货架便有了一个完全平坦的顶面,上面有许多插入管子的孔7。和以上所说的水平构件1和垂直构件2一样,第一和第二填充板11和12最好用高强度的塑料制成。
图5是沿图1中货架上的A-A线的断面图,它表示水平构件1与垂直构件2之间的连接结构。
为了把横向和垂直构件1和2组装成货架,要把水平构件1布置成平行的结构,然后再把垂直构件2布置在上面,并与水平构件1相交成直角。然后,通过固定工序,把水平构件1和垂直构件2装配成货架。即,把垂直构件2上的固定块6嵌入水平构件1的固定孔3内,如图5所示,从而完成货架的装配工序。此时,各固定块6的矩形断面部分和圆形断面部分几乎完全分别紧密地嵌入各固定孔3的矩形和圆形断面部分。此外,各固定块6的下端与水平构件1的底面齐平。
如上所述,本发明的货架不需要使用任何钉子、螺钉或铆钉,就能够把水平构件和垂直构件1和2固定住,方便而牢固地装配好货架。
但是,当货架被叉车抬起并与材料和货包一起搬运时,水平构件1可能会意外地从垂直构件2上散开。为了防止货架的意外松散,要把横向和垂直构件1和2以某种方式精确地安排,使得水平构件1上的孔5与垂直构件2上的孔10对准。然后,用许多连接杆13插入这些对准的孔5和10中,再如图5所示,在连接杆13的两端拧紧两个螺母14。于是,水平构件1便固定在垂直构件2上,当货架被叉车抬起并和货包一起搬运时,货架就不会意外地散开了。
在上述实施例中,横向和垂直构件1和2具有同样的长度,所以用这种横向和垂直构件1和2装配起来成为一个整体的货架具有尺寸固定的标准的正方形轮廓。然而,根据货架的使用情况,货架的这种尺寸和形状可以改变成若干个不同尺寸和形状的货架。即,这种货架可以沿图1中的C-C线切开,分开成两个矩形的货架。这种货架还可以沿图1中的C-C和D-D两条线切开,分开成四个尺寸小的正方形货架。当然,应该理解,切开货架的线可以根据货架的使用情况自由变化。
换一种方式,货架的尺寸也可以加大。例如,当需要增大货架的纵向尺寸时,可以这样来安排垂直构件2,即,让它们的两端交替地缩进去,然后,把两根附加的水平构件1安排在货架两侧垂直构件2凸出来的端部上,并与其以直角相交。同样,如果需要加大货架的横向尺寸,可以这样来安排水平构件1,即,让它们的两端交替地缩进去,然后,把两根附加的垂直构件2安排成穿过水平构件1凸出来的端部上,并与其以直角相交。
图6是根据本发明的第二实施例的预制货架的立体图。在第二实施例中,货架是双层结构的。即,按照第二实施例的货架是把图1中的货架布置成上、下两层,再在两层货架之间垂直地设置若干根连接管15。
用于把连接管15连接在上、下两层货架上的上方和下方连接构件示于图7a和7b。
图7a表示用于把各连接管15的顶端连接在上货架上的上部连接结构。如图所示,各连接管15的顶端装入环形的安装槽16内,该环形槽是在各垂直构件2的固定块6下部与水平构件1的固定孔3下部之间形成的。
同样,图7b表示用于把各连接管15的下端连接在下货架上的下部连接结构。如图所示,各连接管15的下端装入垂直构件2的插入管子的孔7内。连接管15的下端有一个横向的孔15a,所以可以用一根连接杆13把连接管15固定在插入管子的孔7内,从而有效地防止了连接管与插入管子的孔7意外地分离。
图6中的货架是双层结构的,所以这种货架的上层和下层都能支承材料和货包,从而增大了装载容量。当然,应该理解,本发明的这种多层货架不限于上述双层结构,也可以是三层或多层结构。此外,设置在上、下货架之间的连接管的数量也可以根据上层货架所支承的材料和货包的重量而自由变化。
图6中的这种多层货架也可以设置四块侧壁,可以用上、下货架的最外侧的横向和垂直构件1和2上的凹槽来安装和夹持这四块侧壁,这样,就形成了一个箱形货架。这种箱形货架几乎把材料和货包全部都盖住了,从而能有效地保护材料和货包不暴露出来。工业实用性
如上所述,本发明提供了一种预制货架,这种货架包括许多纵向和横的塑料构件,不必使用任何钉子、螺钉或铆钉就能把这些纵向和横的构件互相固定在一起,方便而牢固地组装好,而且在需要时很容易拆卸。因此,本发明的这种货架在装配好时能提高它的生产能力。当需要搬动货架,以便再使用或储存货架时,这种货架能很容易地拆卸开来。这种拆卸后的货架体积很小,便于使用者搬运。
上述货架还可以借助于改变横向和垂直构件的布置而自由地改变成各种不同的尺寸,以便有效地支承无论什么样的尺寸和形状的材料和货包。这种货架还可以把许多连接管垂直地放置在上、下货架之间形成多层结构,使货架增大它的装载容量。
本发明的货架的其他优点在于,这种货架是用塑料制成的,能够有效地抵抗湿气,因此,与普通的木制货架不同,不会受潮,即使货架是处于很潮湿的环境中。因此,本发明的货架几乎能够完全防止变形和腐朽,因此能够有效地使用很长时间。
虽然以上只描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本技术领域的技术人员将会理解,在不脱离权利要求书中所公开的本发明的范围和构思的前提下,能对本发明进行各种变型,增添和替代。

Claims (3)

1.一种预制货架,它包括:
许多平行地布置的水平构件,每一根上述水平构件上都有许多沿着该水平构件的长度形成的垂直的固定孔;以及
许多布置在上述水平构件上并与其成直角相交的垂直构件,每一根上述垂直构件都包括一块纵向板条,在该板条的底面上有许多固定块,在该板条的顶面上,在上述各固定块周围的位置上,有插入管子的孔,上述固定块嵌入上述水平构件的垂直的固定孔内,从而把这些垂直构件和水平构件装配成一个整体。
2.如权利要求1所述的预制货架,其特征在于,它还包括许多块填充板,用于盖住在上述水平和垂直构件之间的位置上,在货架的顶面上形成的许多孔。
3.如权利要求1所述的预制货架,其特征在于,它还包括若干连接杆,这些连接杆纵向穿过各水平构件,同时还横向穿过上述垂直构件上装入上述各水平构件的垂直的固定孔内的固定块。
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