CN1249692A - X-射线造影剂 - Google Patents
X-射线造影剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1249692A CN1249692A CN98803093A CN98803093A CN1249692A CN 1249692 A CN1249692 A CN 1249692A CN 98803093 A CN98803093 A CN 98803093A CN 98803093 A CN98803093 A CN 98803093A CN 1249692 A CN1249692 A CN 1249692A
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- Prior art keywords
- ray contrast
- polymer
- contrast agent
- gastrointestinal mucosa
- acid
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Abstract
本发明涉及X-射线造影剂,该造影剂包含涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质,所述聚合物在酸性条件下能与消化道粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下能与该表面分离。这些造影剂对消化道的优异粘合性使得其剂量和浓度可以降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种X-射线造影剂,该造影剂具有与pH相关的胃肠粘膜表面粘合能力。背景技术
消化道的造影放射照相术是一种包括对个体的消化道给予具有吸收X-射线性能的造影剂并充分利用X-射线吸收的差异拍摄消化道内表面的放射照片的方法;该方法可用于诊断和检查消化道疾病,如癌症或肿瘤(参见Heizaburo Ichikawa和Yuji Yoshida,“如何考察和促进胃的X-射线诊断”,Igaku Shoin)。
在该方法中,安全且便宜的硫酸钡通常被用作X-射线造影剂。
为了通过造影放射照相术拍摄胃肠粘膜表面详细情况的放射照片,作为造影剂的硫酸钡必须很薄且均匀地粘着在胃肠粘膜的表面上。然而,硫酸钡具有对胃肠粘膜粘着弱的缺点。
另一方面,已有资料报道:为了改进其粘着,可在硫酸钡中加入增稠剂、悬浮剂等(日本专利申请公开54-160748和55-127322)。
但是,加入增稠剂存在如下问题:造影剂的粘度增加而导致硫酸钡的不均匀粘着,由此可在所得放射照片中存在因粘着产生的不规则性或不均匀粘着。
在这种情况下,为了增强粘着,通常采用给予大量高浓度硫酸钡(一般约为300cc)的方法。然而,这种方法可涉及如下问题:如难于给予和排泄造影剂以及在排泄时会出现腹痛现象。因此需要解决这些问题。
由此,本发明的目的在于提供一种X-射线造影剂,该造影剂对消化道具有优良的粘着性能,且由于造影剂的浓度低和用量少,所以易于给予和排泄。发明公开
考虑到上述情况,本发明的发明人进行了广泛的研究。作为研究结果,由于发现糖链存在于胃肠粘膜和粘膜的细胞膜上,而且该糖链在酸性条件下具有结合氢的能力(参见Kalpana R.Kamath和KinamPark,“粘膜粘合制剂”,药物技术大全,第10卷),所以发现当将聚合物涂敷在如硫酸钡的X-射线造影物质上时,造影物质可在进行检查时很薄且均匀地粘着在消化道上,从而得到优良的造影效果,而且在检查之后可通过提高消化道中的pH值,使造影物质与消化道分离;所述聚合物在酸性条件下通过氢键粘着在消化道上,而且可在中性或碱性条件下与消化道分离。由此完成本发明。
本发明由此提供了一种X-射线造影剂,该造影剂包含涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质,所述聚合物在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离。
本发明还提供了一种X-射线造影组合物,该造影组合物包含涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质和可药用载体,所述聚合物在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离。
本发明进一步提供了将涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质在X-射线造影剂中的用途,所述聚合物在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离。
本发明还进一步提供了一种造影放射照相方法,该方法包括下述步骤:对个体给予涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质并使个体暴露于X-射线中,所述聚合物在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离。
附图简要说明
图1示意性地说明了各种造影剂对摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜的粘合性。图2示意性地说明了本发明造影剂对摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜的粘合性。图3示意性地说明了造影剂对摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜的粘合性,其中聚合物的量可变。图4示意性地说明了在不同pH条件下造影剂对摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜的粘合性。
实施本发明的最佳方案
只要具有吸收X-射线性能且为可药用物质,对用于本发明实践中的X-射线造影物质没有特别的限制。但其实例可包括下列物质:(1)碱土金属化合物:
硫酸钡、氯化钡、氢氧化钡、碳酸钡、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、氢氧化镁、氧化镁、碳酸镁等;(2)铁化合物:
氯化铁、氧化铁、苏氨酸铁(ferrothreonine)等;(3)铋化合物:碳酸氧铋等;和(4)有机碘类X-射线造影物质:
泛影酸、碘克沙酸、碘拉酸、碘曲西酸(iotroxatic acid)、碘曲仑、碘番酸、碘帕醇、碘海醇、碘泊酸钠、碘达酸、碘沙酸等。
在这些造影物质中,本发明优选硫酸钡。
只要在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合且在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离,对涂敷在X-射线造影物质上的聚合物没有特别的限制。但优选该聚合物在溶解时pH为4或更高且具有阴离子基团。这类聚合物的实例包括下列聚合物:(1)天然聚合物:纯化紫胶和漂白紫胶;和(2)合成聚合物:
纤维素衍生物聚合物:
邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙酸琥珀酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基乙基纤维素、乙酸偏苯三酸纤维素、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素等;
丙烯酸聚合物:
由丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸获得的聚合物、由丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸和羧酸酯得到的聚合物等;和
聚乙烯醇类聚合物:
聚乙酸邻苯二甲酸乙烯酯等。
用于本发明的聚合物特别优选带有羧基。这类聚合物优选由丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸得到,更优选由丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸和羧酸酯得到。这里使用的羧酸酯包括丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯,例如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸2-羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯等。
用于本发明的特别优选聚合物为甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(商品名:Eudragit L100)。
在制备用于本发明的聚合物时,除了单体成分之外,还可混入粘合剂、交联剂、聚合引发剂、聚合促进剂、增塑剂等。这里使用的粘合剂实例包括藻酸及其盐、果胶、黄蓍胶、呫吨胶、羧甲基纤维素及其盐、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。交联剂实例包括二(甲基)丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸二甘醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸三甘醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯和N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。
聚合引发剂实例包括过二硫酸铵、过氧化苯甲酰、2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈和2,2′-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈)。聚合促进剂实例包括N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺。增塑剂实例包括柠檬酸三乙酯、聚乙二醇、甘油三乙酸酯、蓖麻油、甘油和多乙氧基醚80。
在制备本发明X-射线造影剂中,利用聚合物涂敷X-射线造影物质的方法包括其中将X-射线造影物质加入到聚合物的原材料(即单体成分等)中,通过悬浮聚合方法或种子聚合方法聚合单体成分,研磨所得混合物的方法;以及其中通过喷雾干燥法或流化床涂敷法将聚合物的原材料涂敷在X-射线造影物质上的方法。
本发明聚合物涂层的重量可根据所使用的X-射线造影物质的种类而变化。但是,优选所应用的聚合物比例一般约为每克X-射线造影物质0.005-2g,特别是约0.02-1g。
除了上述成分之外,还可根据需要向本发明的X-射线造影剂中加入添加剂,如增稠剂、悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂、防腐剂、消泡剂和水。
只要适合于经口给药,对本发明X-射线造影剂的剂型没有特别的限制。其具体实例包括粉剂、颗粒剂、片剂和悬浮剂。在这些剂型中,由于粉剂和悬浮剂易于给药且与胃肠粘膜表面具有高的接触频率,所以优选粉剂和悬浮剂。这些剂型可根据本领域本身已知的方法制得。
本发明X-射线造影剂的剂量可根据种类、性别和年龄适当地确定。对于人,造影剂的给药剂量一般优选为每次10-300ml。然而,当本发明X-射线造影剂的剂量为仅含硫酸钡的常规造影剂剂量的一半至四分之一时,所述X-射线造影剂即可获得同等的造影效果。所以剂量也可降至大约一半至四分之一。
本发明的X-射线造影剂可用于胃肠粘膜的造影放射照相术,特别是近端胃肠粘膜,尤其是食管、胃粘膜和/或十二指肠粘膜的造影放射照相术。实施例
本发明将通过下述实施例得到更详细的描述。实施例1-3:
将药用硫酸钡悬浮于溶液中,该溶液含有其相应配方如表1所示的单体成分、作为交联剂的二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)和作为聚合引发剂的2,2′-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)(V-59),在40℃下聚合各单体成分48小时,然后研磨所得产物,得到粉剂形式的涂有聚合物的硫酸钡制剂。比较实施例1:
根据实施例1-3描述的相同方法,得到涂有不含羧基的聚合物的硫酸钡制剂,不同的是使用其相应配方如表1所示的成分。
表1
试验实施例1:
成分 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 比较实施例1 |
丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸正丁酯EGDMAV-59药用硫酸钡 | 17.27g--0.48g0.23g17.98g | -18.50g-0.48g0.23g19.21g | 8.65g10.33g6.73g0.48g0.23g26.42g | --21.01g0.48g0.23g21.72g |
对于实施例1-3和比较实施例1的各制剂及药用硫酸钡,本发明研究了其对摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜表面的粘合性。更具体地,将各种涂有聚合物的硫酸钡制剂(0.5g)和药用硫酸钡悬浮于pH1.2(氯化钠+盐酸)、pH7.0(磷酸二氢钾+氢氧化钠)和pH9.0(硼酸+氯化钾+氢氧化钠)的各种水溶液(19.5g)中。将摘自大鼠的胃置于悬浮液中,胃粘膜表面朝外。在搅拌悬浮液10分钟之后,从悬浮液中取出胃,然后通过测定保留在各种pH悬浮液中的制剂的干重量,测定粘着在胃粘膜表面上的制剂量。
结果示于图1(其中粘着率是通过将每克摘自大鼠的胃在pH1.2的水溶液中粘着的药用硫酸钡的量认为是100%而测定的)。
由图1可清楚地看出,在各种pH的水溶液中,药用硫酸钡的粘着率几乎相同。对于涂有聚合物的硫酸钡制剂,涂敷带有羧基的聚合物得到的本发明制剂(实施例1-3)在酸性条件(pH1.2的水溶液)下所显示的粘合性高于药用硫酸钡,而在中性条件(pH7.0的水溶液)和碱性条件(pH9.0的水溶液)下所显示的粘着率与硫酸钡相似。另一方面,由涂敷不含羧基的聚合物得到的制剂(比较实施例1)在各种不同pH的溶液中所显示的粘合性高于药用硫酸钡,但粘合性与pH无关。实施例4-11:
根据实施例1-3的相同方法,只是使用其相应配方如表2和3所示的成分,得到涂有聚合物的硫酸钡制剂。表2
表3
试验实施例2:
成分 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 |
丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸丙烯酸乙酯丙烯酸2-羟丙酯甲基丙烯酸乙酯甲基丙烯酸正丁酯甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯EGDMAV-59药用硫酸钡 | 8.65g-17.07g----0.48g0.23g52.84g | 13.00g-----4.27g0.48g0.23g17.98g | -15.50g-3.00g---0.48g0.23g19.21g | -10.33g--21.01g--0.48g0.23g23.05g | -10.33g---6.00g-0.48g0.23g34.08g |
成分 | 实施例9 | 实施例10 | 实施例11 |
丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯甲基丙烯酸正丁酯EGDMAV-59药用硫酸钡 | 15.50g6.00g--0.24g0.12g21.86g | 15.50g-6.00g-0.24g0.12g21.86g | 15.50g--6.00g0.24g0.12g21.86g |
对于实施例4-11得到的各种制剂,本发明研究了其对摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜表面的粘合性。更具体地,将各种涂有聚合物的硫酸钡制剂(0.5g)悬浮于pH1.2和pH7.0的各种水溶液(19.5g)中,根据试验实施例1的相同方法,测定粘着在胃粘膜表面上的制剂量。结果示于图2(其中粘着率是通过将每克摘自大鼠的胃在pH1.2的溶液中粘着的药用硫酸钡的量认为是100%而测定的)。
结果发现:所有制剂在酸性条件下所显示的粘着率均高于药用硫酸钡,而在中性条件下的粘着率与药用硫酸钡相似。实施例12-18:
根据如表4和5所示的其相应量,将甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(Eudragit L100)和作为增塑剂的柠檬酸三乙酯溶解在乙醇中,将药用硫酸钡悬浮于所得溶液中,所得悬浮液分别喷入干燥室(室中温度:80℃)中,其中有氮气在室中循环,以瞬时蒸发乙醇(喷雾干燥法),由此分别得到涂有聚合物的硫酸钡制剂。顺便说一下,所使用的喷雾干燥装置为Pulvis Mini-Spray GS31(YAMATO SCIENTIFICCO.,LTD.制造)。表4
表5
试验实施例3:
成分 | 实施例12 | 实施例13 | 实施例14 | 实施例15 |
甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(Eudragit L100) | 0.5g | 1.0g | 2.0g | 10.0g |
药用硫酸钡 | 100.0g | 100.0g | 100.0g | 100.0g |
柠檬酸三乙酯 | 0.1g | 0.2g | 0.4g | 2.0g |
乙醇 | 100ml | 100ml | 100ml | 100ml |
每克硫酸钡的聚合物量 | 0.005g | 0.01g | 0.02g | 0.1g |
成分 | 实施例16 | 实施例17 | 实施例18 |
甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(Eudragit L100) | 50.0g | 100.0g | 200.0g |
药用硫酸钡 | 100.0g | 100.0g | 100.0g |
柠檬酸三乙酯 | 10.0g | 20.0g | 40.0g |
乙醇 | 300ml | 500ml | 1000ml |
每克硫酸钡的聚合物量 | 0.5g | 1.0g | 2.0g |
对于实施例12-18的制剂,其中聚合物的量改变,本发明研究了其对摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜表面的粘合性。更具体地,根据与试验实施例1相同的方法,将各种涂有聚合物的硫酸钡制剂(0.5g)悬浮于pH1.2的水溶液(19.5g)中,测定粘着在胃粘膜表面上的制剂量。结果示于图3(其中粘着率是通过将每克摘自大鼠的胃在pH1.2的溶液中粘着的药用硫酸钡的量认为是100%而测定的)。
其中每克硫酸钡的聚合物涂覆量为0.005g的制剂(实施例12)所显示的粘着率为124%,粘合性略有提高。随着聚合物量的增加,制剂的粘着率更加提高。其中聚合物量为0.02g至1g的制剂所显示的粘着率好到大约为300%。试验实施例4:
本发明研究了制剂的分离性能,该制剂首先在酸性条件下与摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜表面粘合,然后再暴露在中性条件下。更具体地,将实施例16得到的涂有聚合物的硫酸钡制剂(0.5g)悬浮于pH1.2的水溶液(19.5g)中,将摘自大鼠的胃置于悬浮液中,其中胃粘膜的表面朝外。搅拌悬浮液10分钟后,将粘着有制剂的胃从悬浮液中取出。然后在将胃置于pH7.0的水溶液(19.5g)中并再搅拌溶液10分钟后,从溶液中取出胃。由此,通过测定保留在悬浮液和溶液中的制剂的干重量,测定在将胃从pH1.2的悬浮液中取出时和在将胃从pH7.0的溶液中取出时粘着在胃粘膜表面上的制剂量。结果示于图4。当将胃由暴露在酸性条件下转变成暴露在中性条件下时,摘自大鼠的胃的粘膜表面上粘着的制剂量降至大约三分之一。工业适用性
本发明的X-射线造影剂具有与pH相关的胃肠粘膜表面粘着力,在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,所以可提高造影剂在检查时的粘合性,在保持与常规造影剂具有同等分辨效果时,其剂量和浓度可降低。此外,由于该造影剂在中性或碱性条件下易于与胃肠粘膜表面分离,因此可通过在检查之后摄入水和/或食物或给予碱性物质,迅速排泄该造影剂,从而避免一些副作用,如腹痛、排便困难和便秘。
Claims (12)
1.一种X-射线造影剂,该造影剂包含涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质,所述聚合物在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离。
2.根据权利要求1的X-射线造影剂,其中聚合物为在溶解时pH为4或更高且带有阴离子基团的聚合物。
3.根据权利要求2的X-射线造影剂,其中阴离子基团为羧基。
4.根据权利要求3的X-射线造影剂,其中带有羧基的聚合物为由丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸得到的聚合物。
5.根据权利要求3的X-射线造影剂,其中带有羧基的聚合物为由丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸和羧酸酯得到的聚合物。
6.根据权利要求5的X-射线造影剂,其中羧酸酯为至少一种选自丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的羧酸酯。
7.根据权利要求5或6的X-射线造影剂,其中带有羧基的聚合物为甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项的X-射线造影剂,其中涂敷的聚合物量为每克X-射线造影物质0.005-2g。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项的X-射线造影剂,其中X-射线造影物质为硫酸钡。
10.一种X-射线造影组合物,该组合物包含涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质和可药用载体,所述聚合物在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离。
11.涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质在X-射线造影剂中的用途,所述聚合物在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离。
12.一种造影放射照相方法,该方法包括下述步骤:对个体给予涂有聚合物的X-射线造影物质并使个体暴露于X-射线中,所述聚合物在酸性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面粘合,在中性或碱性条件下与胃肠粘膜表面分离。
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CN105899189A (zh) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-08-24 | 好利安科学有限公司 | 造影掩味制剂 |
CN114015155A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-08 | 暨南大学 | 一种聚丙烯材料及其在制备防止癌细胞扩散的套袋中的应用 |
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CN105899189A (zh) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-08-24 | 好利安科学有限公司 | 造影掩味制剂 |
CN114015155A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-08 | 暨南大学 | 一种聚丙烯材料及其在制备防止癌细胞扩散的套袋中的应用 |
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HUP0001570A2 (hu) | 2000-09-28 |
TR199902116T2 (xx) | 2000-01-21 |
BR9807641A (pt) | 2000-03-21 |
EP1008356A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
AU6119498A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
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