CN1247273C - 改进的注射装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
由病人自给药的注射装置是已知的，其中药物通常装在注射装置内的药筒中。一个问题是该注射装置应足以小到可毫无困难地装在口袋或手袋内，该注射装置的尺寸还必须使用来驱动药筒内的塞子的活塞能在药筒内的最大的排放位置和从药筒内完全缩回以置换药筒的位置之间移动。公开了一种注射装置的驱动机构，其中活塞(48)沿第一轴移动，驱动塞子(20)，进入药筒(18)，一个移动机构包括一个沿第二轴设置的剂量设定轴(30)，第二轴平行于第一轴，传输装置连接在剂量设定轴(30)和活塞(20)之间，移动装置使剂量设定轴(30)相对于药筒(18)移动，移动装置在第一方向的移动引起剂量设定轴(30)和活塞(20)在第一方向的移动。
Description
本发明关于注射装置的改进，尤其是关于用来注射受控量的药物的小型注射装置的改进。
由病人自给药的注射装置是已知的，例如，糖尿病人可能要求定期地注射胰岛素。该注射装置可使病人选择并掌握剂量。人们已知道使该方法自动化，从而用户仅需压一个按钮，注射装置将排放选定剂量的药物。这就减轻了病人用手动作注射装置排放药物时的控制排放量的任务，这对老年人、虚弱的人和视觉有困难的人、以及由于糖尿病而使功能受到损害的人来说是一个很特别的问题。
药物通常装在注射装置内的一个药筒中，该药筒具有一个在其一端的塞子或活塞，该活塞被驱动到药筒的第二端，将药物从注射装置压出。一个问题是该注射器应该足够小，可以在毫无困难的情况下装到口袋或手包中。同时，该注射装置的尺寸必须做成能使用于驱动药筒内的塞子的活塞或类似构件能在药筒内的最大排放位置和从药筒中完全缩回以允许置换药筒的位置之间移动。
本发明的优点是力图提供一种技术方案，来解决这些相互矛盾的要求的问题。
按照本发明的第一个方面，一种注射装置的驱动机构中，一个活塞相对于装有药物的药筒的第一端沿第一轴逐步地移动，以有选择地驱动一个塞子、封闭药筒的第一端、进入药筒，以迫使药物通过位于药筒第二端上的排放构件，其中移动机构包括沿第二轴设置的剂量设定轴，第二轴平行于第一轴，传输装置连接在剂量设定轴、活塞之间，移动装置使剂量设定轴相对于药筒移动，移动装置在第一方向上的移动引起剂量设定轴和活塞在第一方向的移动。
该驱动机构最好还包括一个剂量调整机构，该剂量调整机构连到剂量设定轴上，以控制剂量设定轴的移动。该剂量设定轴最好由齿条连到剂量调整机构上。
活塞最好包括一个套筒式构件和一个活塞构件，套筒式构件连到驱动架上，活塞构件对中地位于套筒式构件内并伸出该套筒式构件。
按照本发明的第二个方面，一个注射装置具有一个主罩，按照本发明第一方面的驱动机构装在主罩内。
移动装置最好包括定位成能在注射装置的罩内移动的按钮，该剂量调整机构最好保持在按钮内。
该注射装置最好还包括一个次罩，该次罩宜相对于主罩移动，该次罩设有一个腹板，该腹板用来与传输装置上的贴靠面贴靠，从而使活塞能沿着第一轴在与第一方向相反的方向上移动。
现将参照附图以示例方式来描述本发明，其中：
图1表示具有本发明驱动机构的注射装置的侧向剖视图；其中注射装置是关闭的，药筒是满的；
图2是类似于图1的侧向剖视图，其中该注射装置已处于备用状态；
图3是类似于图1的侧向剖视图，其中剂量已设定；
图4是类似于图1的侧向剖视图，其中药剂已排放；
图5是类似于图1的侧向剖视图，其中注射装置已关闭，药筒的一半有药物；
图6表示图1的驱动机构的侧向剖视图，其中药筒是空的；和
图7是类似于图1的侧向剖视图，其中驱动机构完全缩回，药筒开口盖已除去。
同样的参照数将用来表示相同的注射装置的部件。
首先参见图1，从中可以看出按照本发明的注射装置2。该注射装置2包括：一个主罩4、一个次罩6、一个剂量调整机构8、一个驱动机构10、一个按钮12和一个盖14。一个包括中空针形式的排放构件的针单元16固定到主罩4的第一端。一个具有第一端和第二端的药筒18可以储藏在主罩4内。在图示的实施例中，药筒18位于主罩4和次罩6之间。当针单元16到位时，针单元刺穿药筒8第一端上的柔性薄膜。一个可移动的塞子20位于药筒18的第二端，盖14设在主罩4的第一端上，用以保护针单元，使之免受损坏，并可保护用户，使用户免受误刺伤。盖14还对该注射装置6提供了可分开的外观。
次罩6可相对于主罩4移动，从而使用户可接近药筒18。正如图示的实施例中看出的，次罩6可滑动地缩回到主罩4内(图7)，该次罩6设有向次罩6内延伸的腹板7。
按钮12最好呈杯式，它可在主罩内滑动。主罩4和按钮12最好设有抓钩，从而使按钮12保持在关闭或“断开”位置。在图示的实施例中，主罩4具有开口22和一个柔性的片或盖26，来自按钮12的凸缘24可进入开口22。盖26和凸缘24每个通常部分穿过开口22，对盖26加压时从开口处压到凸缘24，释放了按钮12。当取消对盖26的压力时，盖26返回到原先的位置，从而可使凸缘24在按钮12压下时进入开口22。该凸缘24可用来啮合主罩4上的唇部28，从而使按钮12保持在主罩4内。
剂量调整机构8位于按钮12内。当按钮12处于完全压下的位置时，该剂量调整机构看不清楚，在松开按钮12时，该剂量调整机构露出可由用户来调整所需要的剂量。
一个剂量设定轴30在其第一端上由一个齿条32连到剂量调整机构8上，该剂量设定轴30具有螺纹部分。计数杆34从剂量设定轴30的第二端伸出，一个径向延伸的法兰38也设在剂量设定轴30的第二端上。在关闭位置时，该径向延伸的法兰38贴靠主罩4上的贴靠面40。
主罩4还设有第一组计数触头42。当该注射装置2处于“备用”状态时，计数杆34上的计数触头36与主罩4中的第一组计数触头42配合。
一个驱动装置设置成与剂量设定轴30在一起。该驱动装置包括一个驱动架44，该驱动架呈带有螺纹孔的构件形式。驱动件44与剂量设定轴30螺接，从使剂量设定轴30的转动引起驱动架44沿剂量设定轴30移动。该驱动架连到一个活塞46上。在完全缩回的位置上，驱动架44位于剂量设定轴30的剂量设定机构8附近。活塞46包括一个活塞构件48，它对中地位于套筒式构件50内并从该套筒式构件50向外伸出，这样在使用中，套筒式构件50在药筒18的外侧通过，活塞构件48在药筒18内通过，从而贴靠并驱动可移动的药筒内的塞子20。可以看出，活塞46和药筒18沿第一轴设置。
在完全缩回的位置上，活塞46的最后的表面可贴靠按钮12的内表面。
为了操作该注射装置2，用户首先以所描述的方式松开按钮12，使按钮12移动到“备用”的位置(图2)。现在可操作剂量调整机构8来转动剂量设定轴30，这可使驱动架44沿剂量设定轴30移动一定的距离(图3)，该距离与药筒内塞子20的移动、即需要排放的药量相对应。计数触头36和42可用来度量剂量设定轴30的转动、进而精确指示驱动架44已移了多远。该包括剂量设定轴30和驱动架44的剂量调整机构沿第二轴设置，该第二轴平行于上述第一轴。
然后压下按钮12，驱动活塞构件48进入药筒18，与可移动的塞子20接触，一直压到剂量设定轴30的径向延伸的法兰38再次与主罩4的贴靠面40贴靠时为止。在该位置上，按钮12的凸缘24将再次伸入主罩4的开口22中(图4)。
在下次使用该注射装置2时，活塞构件48至少部分地从药筒18缩回，这是由于与活塞构件48在一起的活塞46由按钮12从主罩4的第一端拉出。设定新的剂量，在压下按钮12之前使驱动架44沿剂量设定轴30进一步移动。在重复该方法时，驱动架44将进一步沿剂量设定轴30移动(图5)。
在药筒18排空、药筒18所含的药量不足以排放调整后的剂量或不能满足其它条件之前可以重复上述方法。例如，驱动架44可以贴靠在剂量设定轴30的径向延伸的法兰38上并不能再移动了；在可移动的塞子20在药筒18中不能再向前移动时(图6)剂量设定轴30的合适的长度使驱动架44将贴靠径向延伸的法兰38。
然后可缩回活塞构件48，从而可置换药筒18。在图示的实施例中，这以下列方式出现。用户使次罩沿第三轴移离主罩4的第一端，该第三轴基本平行于第一轴和第二轴。当次罩6移动时，膜板7贴靠为此目的而设在驱动架44上的贴靠面45。次罩6的进一步移动移动了驱动架44，使它与活塞46一起移离主罩4的第一端，由此使活塞46从药筒18内移出。因此，当次罩移到如图7所示那样时，活塞46从药筒中抽出，用户可移走该药筒并可按要求置换药筒18。
上述注射装置2的优点是组装起来很简单、并且移动部件较少。计数触头36、42可用于确定剂量设定轴30的调整位置，因此可计算活塞构件48的精确位置。另外，由于剂量调整机构在按钮12释放之前是遮挡住的，因此在压下按钮12的时候，该剂量调整机构8不会变形。
另外，与已知的笔式注射器相比，在笔式注射器中，活塞和逐步移动活塞的驱动装置沿单根轴设置，对本发明来说，提供了比笔式注射器更密集的设计。
驱动机构和药筒的相对布局意味着主罩提供了较大的平的表面，即相当大的剂量显示面，例如可安装液晶显示器。这就能使剂量显示采用相当大的图案或其它字符。这对视觉障碍的人来说是一大优点。
Claims (10)
1.一种注射装置的驱动机构，其中一个活塞沿一第一轴相对于装有药物的药筒的第一端逐步地移动，以有选择地驱动一个塞子，封闭药筒的第一端，进入药筒，以迫使药物穿过位于药筒第二端上的排放构件，其中该移动机构包括：一个沿第二轴设置的剂量设定轴，该第二轴平行于第一轴，连接在剂量设定轴和活塞之间的传输机构，和使剂量设定轴相对于药筒移动的移动装置，该移动装置在第一方向的移动引起剂量设定轴和活塞在第一方向的移动。
2.按照权利要求1的注射装置的驱动机构，其特征在于：驱动机构还包括连到剂量设定轴上来控制该剂量设定轴的转动的剂量调整机构。
3.按照权利要求2的注射装置的驱动机构，其特征在于：该剂量设定轴由齿条连接到剂量调整机构上。
4.按照任何一个前面的权利要求的注射装置的驱动机构，其特征在于：该传输机构包括一个驱动架。
5.按照前面的权利要求1-3中任何一个的注射装置的驱动机构，其特征在于：该活塞包括一个连到驱动架上的套筒式构件，和一个对中地位于套筒式构件内并伸出套筒式构件外的活塞构件。
6.按照前面权利要求1-3中任何一个的注射装置的驱动机构，其特征在于：该剂量设定轴设有计数触头。
7.一种注射装置，具有一个装有任何一个前面权利要求中的驱动机构的主罩。
8.按照权利要求7的注射装置，其特征在于：该移动装置包括一个在注射装置的罩内移动的按钮。
9.按照权利要求8的注射装置，其特征在于：该剂量调整机构保持在按钮内。
10.按照权利要求7-9的任何一个的注射装置，其中该注射装置还包括宜相对于主罩移动的次罩，其特征在于：次罩设有一个用来与传输装置上的贴靠面贴靠的腹板，从而使活塞可沿第一轴在与第一方向相反的方向上移动。
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| GBGB0107608.2A GB0107608D0 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2001-03-27 | Improvements in and relating to an injection device |
| GB0107608.2 | 2001-03-27 |
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| CN1498121A CN1498121A (zh) | 2004-05-19 |
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| CN103402566A (zh) * | 2011-03-09 | 2013-11-20 | 泰尔茂株式会社 | 医疗用泵 |
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