CN1245455A - 一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各部分的方法 - Google Patents

一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各部分的方法 Download PDF

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CN1245455A
CN1245455A CN97181587.9A CN97181587A CN1245455A CN 1245455 A CN1245455 A CN 1245455A CN 97181587 A CN97181587 A CN 97181587A CN 1245455 A CN1245455 A CN 1245455A
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packaging container
closing device
flexible pipe
manufacturing
extrusion molding
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CN1090078C (zh
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J·安德松
L·古斯塔夫松
U·约翰松
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各个部分的方法,其中以一排(11)成对反向顶部的形式制造多个顶部(1),之后将各对顶部(12)相互分离开来并且设有封口装置。通过吹塑热塑性塑料的挤塑管(8)可以制造所述顶部(1)。

Description

一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各部分的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各部分的方法。
背景技术
用于各种类型的饮料、诸如果汁、运动型饮料或其它非碳酸型饮料的封装件以多种不同的形式出现在市场上。例如吹塑瓶子或深冲压杯子或罐子等塑料封装件是市场上常见的。层压纸制/塑料层压板制的封装件以及深冲压铝罐也是常见的。低成本的封装容器的先决条件是低制造成本、高生产率(大量生产)以及材料的合适选择。封装件的材料类型应该选择成使得材料的性能能够适用于其所封装的饮料、封装件类型及其用途。换言之，对材料的性能例如机械耐久性、液密性和隔气性应该进行选择，使得作为一个整体的材料组合针对其目的而言质量不会过于富裕，例如在采用一个深冲压铝罐盛装非碳酸型制品时，就可能要考虑这种情况，因为它的机械耐久性大大超过所需要的并且所需的隔气性可以仅利用极薄的铝层或其他阻隔材料即能获得。在用于封装所谓不含气体的饮料(still drink)时，从机械强度的观点而言，深冲压塑料瓶通常也是超过所需要强度的，总体上可以断定不含气体的饮料通常确实是封装在太过高档和昂贵的封装容器中了。
特别适用于不含气体的饮料并且还是无菌的从而适用于饮料无菌封装的一种最佳封装容器是由几个部分构成的，例如一个壳体、一个顶部和一个底部、以及一个封口装置，这些部分从材料选择和制造方法上而言都分别适用于其给定的目的。通过采用一个独立的顶部，这可以例如由强度较高或机械上较稳定的材料制成，使得可以在不损害封装容器本身的情况下进行封口装置的加装和处理。然而，对单个封装组件部分的处理有一定的困难，特别是在制造无菌封装容器时更是如此。除了各部分在处理(运输、组装、密封等)期间暴露于污染物或细菌这一明显缺点之外，还有一个明显的机械损伤的缺点，例如凿伤或划伤。特别是在无菌封装件中，防细菌的封装件是用以保持所封装制品的原始质量所需的头等重要的因素，即使例如对封装组件部分的密封或紧密表面的非常轻微的损伤也可能具有重要的负作用。这不仅适用于密封，还适用于特别薄弱和敏感的颈部螺纹表面。
在本领域中已得知用各种类型的塑性材料制造封装容器或者其各部件、例如顶部或底部，其中这些塑性材料是利用成形热塑性塑料的各种本身已知的技术形成的。顶部常包括一个封口装置或螺纹盖上的螺纹，这增加了对这个特定部分的制造方法和塑性性能的要求。例如，已知通过注射模塑来制造封装容器的顶部，这提供了高度的准确性和性能但是妨碍了利用一体的隔气层来制造顶部或使之成为不可能的，而这例如又是果汁的封装件所需要的。另一种现有的成形技术是对腹板形(web-shaped)的加热材料进行常规的热成形，在该材料本身中包括一体的阻隔层。然而，这种方法产生不同的材料厚度并且降低了各个部件的准确度，这对于以足够的精度成形带有螺纹的颈部或成形用于封口装置的其它机械接合区域的可能性而言，具有负作用。
此外，一种制造封装容器的本身已知的技术是吹塑法，在该方法中，原始材料优选是新挤塑出的塑料软管，该塑料软管本身可包括由某些适当的本身已知的阻隔塑料制成的一体阻隔层。采用围绕着软管的各模瓣以及适当的压力差，可使塑料软管具有所需的封装件构型。正如上面所描述的，封装容器在这种情况下可以包括一个阻隔层，并且该方法还使得能就例如带螺纹的颈部区域而言以高度准确性制造封装容器，但是该方法的主要缺点在于，在挤塑用于封装容器的所需长度的软管以及对由软管形成的封装容器进行冷却时，由于封装容器必须保持在模瓣中直到其温度已降至使得材料已变成在几何上是稳定的，其过程是比较缓慢的。大的且不均匀分布的塑料体积不仅延迟了冷却过程，而且还产生了不均匀的冷却效果；并且由于实际上补助冷却是不能应用的，对于封装容器的现代的高生产率制造而言，这种方法被认为是太过缓慢了。
因此，在封装工业和技术中需要提供一种方法，它可以以高精度且非常迅速地合理制造出用于封装容器的各个部分，而同时确保最少的处理损伤危险以及高标准的卫生。
发明目的
本发明的一个目的是提供一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各个部分的方法，该方法解决了上述缺点并且可以合理且快速地进行制造，同时便于处理并有助于将可能使封装容器成品的防气体和细菌紧密性受到危害的机械损伤减至最小程度。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各部分的方法，该方法使能够合理地制造和处理封装容器的顶部，同时保持高标准的卫生。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各个部分的方法，该方法使得能保护顶部的内表面并且能降低对清洗和杀菌的需要。
本发明的还一个目的是提供一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各个部分的方法，该方法可以快速的且经济地利用原料并且因此不会具有现有技术制造方法所固有的缺点，例如缓慢、不足的成形精度或高成本。
技术方案
根据本发明可以实现这些和其它目的，一种制造和处理用于封装容器的各个部分的方法的特征在于，多个顶部以一排连续的成对反向顶部的形式被制造，之后每对顶部与相邻对的顶部分离开来并且在该分离后露出的端部中设有封口装置。
本发明方法的优选实施方案还具有附属的从属权利要求2至8中所描述的特征。
附图描述
下面将参照附图详细描述本发明制造方法的一个优选实施方案，该附图是示意性的并且仅示出了对于本发明的理解所必需的那些细节。在附图中：
图1示出本发明的挤塑软管且将其再成形为顶部的一种方法；
图2示出按照本发明方法所形成的顶部在被分割成各单独顶部的情形；
图3示出在安装了封口装置之后的一个顶部对；
图4示出将一个顶部分割成各单个顶部；
图5以放大比例示出利用本发明方法制造的封装容器顶部的部分截面图；以及
图6示意地示出了具有利用本发明方法制造的顶部的一个完成的封装容器。
优选实施方案描述
根据制造和处理用于封装容器的各个部分的方法的一个优选实施方案，图5所示类型的封装容器顶部1被制造出来。每个顶部包括一个具有颈部2的上端以及具有基本上呈圆筒形边缘区域3的一个下端。颈部2和边缘区域3通过一个逐渐扩口的或者锥形的部分4相互连接。封装容器顶部1是由热塑性塑料制成的，例如聚乙烯，它可以包括其它热塑性塑料的层，例如阻隔塑料层等。颈部2具有外螺纹5，但是也可以为颈部2设置其它用以与封口装置6形成锁定接合的装置，在所描述的实施方案中，该封口装置由一个本身已知的常规螺纹盖构成。在颈部2的上端，具有一个密封边缘7，用以与封口装置6的内侧密封贴合。
图1-4示出按照本发明方法对封装容器顶部1的连续制造和处理。更确切地说，图1示出经加热的热塑性塑料的软管8在本身已知的挤塑机9的作用下挤塑，挤塑出的软管8(它可由共挤塑材料构成并且例如还包括适当的阻隔材料例如EVOH的层)被送至模瓣10之间，该两模瓣在封闭状态下一起形成一个构型以限定多个连续设置的封装容器顶部1的构型。在挤塑出适当的软管长度之后，两模瓣10围绕软管8的一部分封闭，之后软管以本身已知的方式在例如压缩空气的作用下被膨胀成与模瓣10的成型表面贴合，从而形成一排11连续的封装容器顶部1(图2)。在打开模瓣10并且将该排顶部11与软管8切开之后，例如由八个封装容器顶部1所构成的该排顶部被送至后续的用于将相邻的顶部对12相互分离开来的装置。从图2特别显而易见的是，该排顶部11由多个封装容器顶部1构成，每第二个封装容器顶部是反向的，从而该排顶部由相互交替地通过颈部2且相互交替地通过圆筒形边缘区域3而相互形成一体的顶部构成。借助于已知类型的旋转切割装置13，一个顶部对12与该排顶部11分离开来，之后被分离下来的顶部对12被立即设置了封口装置6，使得形成顶部对12的成反向的且一体的各顶部1的内部被遮闭并且与周围大气隔离开。由此，防止了灰尘或细菌渗透和到达封装容器顶部1的内表面而后将与容器内的物品接触。由于各顶部对12的分离以及封口装置6的加装是在软管8的挤塑和成形之后立即进行的，因此顶部对的内部将是基本上无细菌和无污染物的，并且由于立即加装了封口装置6，可以将此状态保持到各单独的封装容器顶部1与封装容器的其余部分相连为止，如下文将更详细描述的。只要顶部对12中包括的封装容器顶部1在此阶段已设置有封口装置6，则顶部1的密封边缘7将免受在顶部的连续处理过程中的机械损伤。封装容器顶部1的相对部分即圆筒形边缘区域3也将免受机械损伤，因为它们相互成一体，这确保了便于实现与封装容器主体的其它部分的良好连接和密封。
因此，顶部对12免受机械损伤和污染，该顶部对12可以以图3所示的形式被简单地处理并装入例如包装用敞式板条箱等中而无需另外的本来需要实施的保护措施。因此，将也可以省去在完成整个封装容器且将其充填所需物品之前后续的通常需要对封装容器顶部进行的清洁。各顶部对12中所包括的各封装容器顶部1的分离(如图4所示)将由于这些原因尽可能晚的进行并且理想地是直接与整个封装容器14(图6)的完成相关的封装顶部1的安装同时进行。封装容器顶部1的分割可以通过本身已知的旋转切割装置15来实现，此后各单独的顶部1被立即以合适的方式例如热密封与本身已知的任选类型的封装容器主体相连，例如与由塑料/纸层压板卷绕而成的套筒相连。由此制成封装容器并且可以接着或许在已设有一外部装饰工艺层之后将其进一步输送以盛装所需物品。
应当注意到，尽管本发明所述的实施方案涉及一种具有圆形截面构形的壳体部分或套筒的封装容器，但是并不限制采用其它的截面构形，例如八角形或不规则形状(包括非圆筒形)。当然，封装容器的其它部分必须适应于相应壳体部分的构形。
通过按照本发明的方法同时制造和处理多个优选为吹塑的顶部，可以进行快速且合理的制造，而这迄今在整个封装容器的吹塑过程中并未被证实是可行的。因为该制造方法还可创造处理以成对封闭单元形式存在的各顶部的可能性，同时由于避免了机械损伤(这增加了在所制成的封装容器中的不紧密性和泄漏的危险性)，还便于对各顶部进行所需的卫生处理。
并不认为本发明限制于附图中所示的和以上所描述的内容，可以在不脱离附属权利要求的范围的条件下对其进行各种改型。

Claims (8)

1.一种制造和处理封装容器的各部分的方法，其特征在于，以一个连续排(11)的成对反向顶部(1)的形式制造出多个顶部(1)，之后每对顶部(12)与相邻对顶部(12)分离开来并且在由于该分离所暴露出来的端部设置了封口装置(6)。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，通过使软管形的塑性材料热成形来制成各顶部(1)。
3.权利要求2的方法，其特征在于，处在经过加热的和塑性状态的软管形材料受到压力差作用，该压力差促使材料与外部模瓣(10)贴合。
4.权利要求2的方法，其特征在于，通过吹塑一个经挤塑的软管(8)来制造所述顶部(1)。
5.权利要求4的方法，其特征在于，所述软管(8)挤塑有成一体的隔气层。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项的方法，其特征在于，顶部(1)的端部设计成与封口装置(6)形成锁定接合。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项的方法，其特征在于，通过将每对(12)顶部(1)设置紧密封闭的封口装置(6)，使得所述成对反向且连续的顶部(1)的内部被遮闭并且与周围大气隔离开。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项的方法，其特征在于，设有封口装置(6)的各顶部(1)相互分离开并且每一顶部连接于其封装容器主体。
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DE69705546T2 (de) 2001-10-25
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EP0960014A1 (en) 1999-12-01
SE508287C2 (sv) 1998-09-21
WO1998032586A1 (en) 1998-07-30
ATE202741T1 (de) 2001-07-15
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