CN1240481C - 通过浮选法从悬浮液中分离杂质的方法 - Google Patents

通过浮选法从悬浮液中分离杂质的方法 Download PDF

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CN1240481C
CN1240481C CNB021431663A CN02143166A CN1240481C CN 1240481 C CN1240481 C CN 1240481C CN B021431663 A CNB021431663 A CN B021431663A CN 02143166 A CN02143166 A CN 02143166A CN 1240481 C CN1240481 C CN 1240481C
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B·舍尔青格
H·加布尔
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Abstract

用浮选法使杂质与悬浮液分开的方法包括向液体充气直到饱和，随后将气体饱和的液体膨胀并形成气泡。为了在悬浮液中为创造最佳的气泡大小和数量提供良好条件并使本方法更有效，气体饱和的液体单独地并在含气泡的液体加到有杂质的悬浮液中之前进行膨胀。用浮选法使杂质与悬浮液分开的装置至少包括向液体充气直到饱和的设备，气体饱和的液体进行膨胀并产生气泡的设备，和将有气泡的液体加到悬浮液中并送到浮选槽的设备，其特征在于：液体膨胀设备(4)与将有气泡液体加到悬浮液的设备分开布置，且与浮选槽(6)分开布置。

Description

通过浮选法从悬浮液中 分离杂质的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用浮选法使杂质与悬浮液分离的方法，该方法包括向液体充气直到饱和，接着使有饱和气体的液体膨胀，膨胀过程中形成气泡。
背景技术
泡沫浮选法是一种从悬浮液中排除杂质的物理方法。此方法要求产生的气泡在数量和大小上合理分布。疏水或防水的物质被附于其上的气泡带到液面并和泡沫一起被排除。这种方法从DE 41 16 916 C2中就可知道且已达到高的技术水平。不灌水自起动喷射器常被用来产生气泡并将气泡混入悬浮液中。在此，由喷管排出的有杂质的悬浮液的流动会产生负压并吸入气体，由于气体和液体间的冲量交换该气体便与悬浮液混合。这种设备的详细说明见DE 34 12 431 A1。
DE 198 45 536描述纸浆精化方法，其中在气体饱和的悬浮液中产生漂浮气泡，随后漂浮气泡膨胀，粘着的纤维在以后工序中被分离出来。此法采用的压力为0.6-1.2巴，产生的气泡大小很难调节。
还知道一种方法，气体饱和的加压水喷射到浮选槽中从而形成气泡。WO 90/10502 A1描述一种供此目的用的喷管，其中流道和流向可以调节，便于喷管的清洗。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种浮选方法和应用此方法的装置，它能提供良好条件，对悬浮液中气泡的大小和数量优化调节，因而使本方法更有效。
根据本发明，提供了一种用浮选法将杂质与悬浮液分开的方法，包括向液体充气到饱和状态，接着将气体饱和的液体进行膨胀同时形成气泡，其特征在于：气体饱和的液体单独地并在含气泡液体加到有杂质的悬浮液中之前进行膨胀，从而用气体饱和的液体的推进射流方法进行膨胀的液体喷射到封闭空间中，使液流扩散。
本发明规定在含气泡的液体加到有杂质的悬浮液中之前使气体饱和的液体独自膨胀，作为上述方法的部分内容。因此，气泡的生成可以与输入到浮选槽及当时状况分开，并能独立地选择最佳参数。
在本方法的一个有利的实现方式中，如果充气后的液体也单独进行膨胀则可获得另外的改进。
在一经过试验检验的方法中，液体通过喷射气体饱和的液体进行膨胀。
根据本发明的又一特征，如果通过将气体饱和的液体喷到一个封闭空间作推进喷射使液流扩散来实现膨胀则是有利的。用这种方法，释放气泡所需压差容易形成，还非常有效。
为了实现本发明的目的，根据本发明用浮选法将杂质与悬浮液分离的装置，其特征还在于，液体膨胀装置与将有气泡的液体加到悬浮液中的装置分开设置，并且与浮选槽分开设置。
为了提供在膨胀时调节压力损失的方法以便为所述用途产生气泡进行最优化，还为了最优化给定的或期望的条件，本发明的另一特征是提供横截面可调的，最好是横截面积可调的喷管。这种装置可用于所有浮选装置和浮选槽中，即使含气泡的液体，特别是悬浮液本身直接喷入浮选槽的情况。
如果根据一优选结构，该喷管有环形开口，则是有利的。
通过一种喷管的外边界是拉伐尔喷管的形状的结构，可获得从该喷管出来的液体喷射的特别好的流动特性和良好的散布。
如果有环形开口的喷管的中心段由一向封闭区收敛的锥体构成则也是有利的，这样对液体射流射出后的流动特性有利。
如果根据本发明另一特征，该锥体可沿轴向移动和/或绕其自身轴线转动，则开口横截面容易调节，因此，可设定可获得的压力损失且推进喷射喷管在堵塞时可清洗或冲洗。
此外，就改进流动特性而言，由设计成主要是等截面脉冲管构成的封闭区和最好还有相连的其横截面从喷管向外增大的扩散器如此构成的装置帮助优选的气泡的形成。
附图说明
现在参照示出优选实施例的附图将在下文中对本发明作详细解释。在此，图1是本发明浮选装置的简图；
图2是图1中的装置优选采用的气泡喷射器的简图；
图3是一不同构造的气泡喷射器和相配的径向扩散器的简图；
图4是本发明有特殊形状中心锥的气泡喷射器的开端部分的简图；和
图5是图4简图上有一拉伐尔形推进喷射喷管的简图。
具体实施方式
图1是浮选装置的简图，该装置具有本发明的使已被气体饱和的液体发生膨胀的设备，它做成气泡喷射器4的形式，在此设备中浮选法所需气泡在液体中形成。浮选槽6本身大部分充满悬浮液5，其液面上形成的泡沫7包含气泡且该悬浮液5含尽可能多的用浮选法去除的固体颗粒。此泡沫用除沫器16带到泡沫沟槽8并作为漂浮物F排出。
来自再循环液流的部分净化水K用增压泵1加压到要求的饱和压力3-10巴并被送到饱和罐2。来自周围区域的空气用压缩机3加压到要求的饱和压力，此后也送到饱和罐2并通过强烈的质量传递溶解在液体中。压力增至饱和点的液体于是进入特别为产生极小气泡而设计的气泡喷射器4，以降低压力并再与含固体、还可能含加入的浮选剂C的流量Z一起送到浮选槽6，在其中发生浮选过程。压力膨胀形成的气泡附着在疏水固体上并将其带到液面。用浮选法已清洁的悬浮液作为净化水K离开浮选槽。
图2示出本发明降压并产生极小气泡的装置4。来自饱和罐的压力达到饱和点的液流D进入推进喷射喷管10前面的气泡喷射器4。改变推进喷射喷管10和具有中央共轴固定件的锥体9之间的环形间隙的横截面可对推进喷射喷管10中的必要压降进行调节。为此，可将锥体9沿轴向推向或离开推进喷射喷管10。上述最好通过转动装在螺杆15上的锥体9而实现，螺杆15在螺纹线中转动。由于这一旋转运动，任何可能存在的固体颗粒或絮状沉淀会受到附加力的作用，这对推进喷射喷管10有清洗作用。离开推进喷射喷管10并经过突然膨胀的液流，由于在脉冲管12中作为自由射流11散开而产生真空，因而形成较多，特别是较细的气泡。在通过接在脉冲管12后的扩散器13之后，微气泡分散相M便离开气泡喷射器4。
如图3所示，本发明的装置4直接位于浮选槽6的上游。在此，浮选槽6中有一径向扩散器17，用于改善气泡喷射器4的脉冲管12后面气泡分散相的分布状况，这里的脉冲管12最好安装到浮选槽6上。
在图4的气泡喷射器4中，通过自身的轴向位移调节推进喷射喷管10的环形间隙大小的中心锥体9上有附加的细槽18。因此，可进一步提高转动锥体9所带来的清洗作用。
图5所示气泡喷射器4设计有一拉伐尔形的推进喷射喷管19，用于更好地散布含复杂介质(如纤维)的液体射流11，还可大大提高在这些介质中所能产生的真空度，因此形成较细的气泡。

Claims (3)

1.用浮选法将杂质与悬浮液分开的方法，包括向液体充气到饱和状态，接着将气体饱和的液体进行膨胀同时形成气泡，其特征在于：气体饱和的液体单独地并在含气泡液体加到有杂质的悬浮液中之前进行膨胀，从而用气体饱和的液体的推进射流方法进行膨胀的液体喷射到封闭空间中，使液流扩散。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：液体在充气后才单独膨胀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：气体饱和的液体在膨胀前的压力为3-10巴。
CNB021431663A 2001-09-17 2002-09-16 通过浮选法从悬浮液中分离杂质的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1240481C (zh)

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NZ521383A (en) 2004-02-27
EP1293255A3 (de) 2004-03-03
US6730232B2 (en) 2004-05-04
CA2398259A1 (en) 2003-03-17
EP1293255A2 (de) 2003-03-19
CN1408480A (zh) 2003-04-09
AT410405B (de) 2003-04-25
DE50205169D1 (de) 2006-01-12
NO326283B1 (no) 2008-11-03
ATA14572001A (de) 2002-09-15
BR0203725A (pt) 2003-06-03
NO20024010D0 (no) 2002-08-22
US20030070992A1 (en) 2003-04-17
PL355745A1 (en) 2003-03-24
CN1727070A (zh) 2006-02-01
NO20024010L (no) 2003-03-18
PL199064B1 (pl) 2008-08-29
MXPA02009006A (es) 2003-04-25
EP1293255B1 (de) 2005-12-07

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