CN1232169C - High density upflow shellfish larva cultivating device and method - Google Patents
High density upflow shellfish larva cultivating device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1232169C CN1232169C CNB2003101145442A CN200310114544A CN1232169C CN 1232169 C CN1232169 C CN 1232169C CN B2003101145442 A CNB2003101145442 A CN B2003101145442A CN 200310114544 A CN200310114544 A CN 200310114544A CN 1232169 C CN1232169 C CN 1232169C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The present invention provides a high density ascending flow shellfish larva breeding device. The present invention is characterized in that a main body of the breeding device is provided with a breeding apparatus, the upper part of the breeding apparatus is in a cylinder shape or is similar to a cylinder shape, the lower part of the breeding apparatus is in a conical barrel shape, a bait and sea water guiding pipe extends to the bottom of the breeding apparatus from the top, a filter drum is arranged at the upper part in the breeding apparatus, and the outer face of the filter drum is provided with bolting silk. One end of a drainage pipe is connected to the filter drum, the other end of the drainage pipe penetrates through a water outlet at the upper part of the side wall of the breeding apparatus to extend out of the breeding apparatus, and an inflation pipe is led from the bottom which is in a conical tip shape to be connected to air stone which is arranged at the bottom which is in the conical tip shape in the breeding apparatus. A shellfish larva breeding method in the breeding apparatus is characterized in that the density of D-shaped shellfish larvae is 140 to 160/ml in the breeding apparatus, the addition quantity of the bait is 5*10<3> to 15*10<3> cells/ml/day, the flow quantity of water is seven to ten turns/day in the breeding apparatus, and the ventilatory capacity is generally two to four liters/minute. The present invention has the advantage that the breeding density and the survival rate are improved, and the defects that the traditional seedling breeding mode has large floor occupation area and low production efficiency are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the shellfish hatchery technology in the aquaculture technology, is a kind of facility and the technology of under production scale the shellfish larva being cultivated, and is a kind of upwelling shellfish larvae cultivation device and breeding method specifically.
Background technology
At present, the technological level of China's shellfish hatchery and corollary equipment are all relatively backward.The facility that the shellfish seed is cultivated is generally the big sink of cement, and its water body amount is big, and cultivation density is low, and at present the floating larvae of shellfish hatchery is cultivated density generally about 10/ml, and the nursery floor space is big, and it is long to change the water spacer time, and labour intensity is big; Generally bait is directly thrown on the water surface of pond, bait is inhomogeneous in water; The Aeration in the water amount is little and inhomogeneous, has directly influenced ingesting and the normal growth growth of shellfish larva.In a word, existing shellfish seed cultivates facility and technology falls behind, and floor space is big, and energy waste is more serious, and breeding efficiency is low, and nurturing an environment is relatively poor in the water, is unfavorable for the floating larvae growth of shellfish hatchery, and survival rate and distortion ratio are low.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of upwelling shellfish larvae cultivation device and breeding method at the problem that prior art exists, it is rational in infrastructure, compact, breeding condition is good, breeding method is reasonable, cultivate density on existing basis, bring up to 100/more than the ml, survival rate is stabilized in more than 80%, overcomes that traditional seedling raising manners floor space is big, energy waste is more serious, the weakness that production efficiency is low.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of upwelling shellfish larvae cultivation device, comprise the breeding arrangement main body, it is characterized in that described breeding arrangement main body top is that cylinder or closely cylindrical, bottom are conical taper tubbiness fiberglass cultivating container, inside coating is the food gel coat, and the smooth free from flaw in each junction; Bait and seawater conduit are incorporated into the bottom of cultivating container by the top; Top in the cultivating container is provided with the outside and is the filter drum of bolting silk, there is a drainpipe one to terminate on the filter drum, the other end passes the discharge outlet of cultivating container side wall upper part and stretches out cultivating container, gas tube imports from the bottom of conical tip shape, receive on the gas stone that is arranged on the tip-shape bottom of cultivating container female cone, gas stone is the common diamond dust gas of 60 orders stone, and the model of attached bolting silk is 300～200 orders on the described filter drum.
A kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned cultivating container to cultivate the shellfish larva is: in other tuns with behind the shellfish incubating oosperm, D shape larva is selected in the cultivating container to be cultivated, it is characterized in that its bait conduit shunted by top feed algae carrier pipe, be incorporated into the bottom of cultivating container then by penstock, fresh seawater delivery conduit level frame vertically arrives the gas stone place, bottom of cultivating container then in the top of shellfish larvae cultivation device by a threeway; The density of shellfish D shape larva in cultivating container is 140～160/ml, bait is introduced the cultivating container bottom with water inlet by the bait conduit, flow through filter drum and drainpipe of waste water flows out from the discharge outlet on cultivating container top, and streamflow is 7～10 revolution/skies in the cultivating container, and feed algae concentration maintains 5 * 10
2～15 * 10
2Between cell/ml; Gas tube is imported by cultivating container conical tip shape bottom, by gas stone compressed air is sent into cultivating container, general 2～4 liters/minute of throughput, and early stage throughput is low, later stage throughput height; Larva bait is in earlier stage based on chrysophyceae in the used bait, and the middle and later periods is aided with diatom and flat algae.
The technical essential of breeding method of the present invention is to control cultivation density, aeration quantity, bait addition and streamflow from D shape larva to the eyespot larva well, give full play to the technical advantage of high density cultivating container, thereby guarantee that floating larvae has higher growth rate and survival rate.
The present invention compared with prior art has many advantages and good effect:
Upwelling shellfish larvae cultivation device main body of the present invention is that a kind of top is that cylinder or closely cylindrical, bottom are conical taper tubbiness cultivating container, and gas tube is imported by cultivating container conical tip shape bottom, by gas stone compressed air is sent into cultivating container.The advantage of compressed air being sent into cultivating container by gas stone is that (1) structure and inflation mode are reasonable, make water oxygen gas all, no dead angle; The generation that the part larva sinks to the phenomena of mortality in the inflating catheter when stopping the supple of gas or steam suddenly when (2) having avoided no gas stone simultaneously.Fresh seawater enters from the cultivating container bottom through penstock, even action through gas stone distributes, can increase operation rate on the one hand, produce negative pressure to the threeway junction that vertically enters cultivating container because of marine stream by level at the seawater conduit on the other hand, air can enter cultivating container through the seawater conduit, when stopping the supple of gas or steam suddenly, thereby penstock can be brought into play the part aeration, avoids the shellfish larva to take place because of the dead phenomenon of long-time anoxic; Bait is introduced the cultivating container bottom with water inlet by penstock, and bait is evenly distributed, and helps improving cultivation density; Flow through filter drum and drainpipe of waste water flows out from the discharge outlet on cultivating container top.At any time add fresh water, and waste water is in time discharged, make and cultivate the water body maintenance totally, help improving survival rate.Adopt technical scheme of the present invention can make the shellfish larvae cultivation realize changing water, bait throwing in automation, cultivate density and on existing basis, improve 10～20 times (floating larvae of shellfish hatchery is cultivated density generally about 10/ml at present), survival rate is stabilized in more than 80%, having overcome the weakness that traditional seedling raising manners floor space is big, production efficiency is low, is the new breakthrough of shellfish hatchery technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of high density upwelling shellfish larvae cultivation device of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, high density upwelling shellfish larvae cultivation device main body is the cultivation 8 made from fiberglass.Cultivating 8 tops is cylinder or closely cylindrical, and internal diameter is 80cm, highly is 70cm; The bottom is conical, highly is 40cm; Effectively water body is 400 liters.Inside coating is the food gel coat, and smooth exquisiteness, and the smooth free from flaw in each junction make the cultivating container inwall keep clean, are difficult for depositing dirt.The support 1 that the bottom is provided with is with cultivating container 8 support fixation.
The bait holding tank is arranged on cultivating container 8 tops, carries bait by the water pump of automatic control in groove, keeps abundance of food substantially constant.Bait conduit 5 is incorporated into penstock 7 then by the feed algae carrier pipe shunting of bait holding tank, utilizes the minor valve on the bait conduit 5 to regulate flow.Bait is introduced cultivating container 8 bottoms with water inlet by vertically disposed penstock 7 in the cultivating container 8.Water inlet is the nature seawater through sand filtration, is stored in the high-level reservoir, fetches water to cistern by the water pump of automatic control, keeps water level and pressure substantially constant, and seawater enters cultivating container 8 by pipeline, and the water yield is regulated by ball valve.Seawater delivery conduit 4 level frames vertically arrive the gas stone place, bottom of cultivating container 8 then in the top of shellfish larvae cultivation device 8 by a threeway.Penstock 7 is made by the PVC material; The trunk line caliber is 11.0cm, and the subtube caliber is 5.0cm and 2.0cm.Discharge outlet is on cultivating container 8 tops; Waste water filter drum 6 and the drainpipe 3 of flowing through flows out.Filter drum 6 is arranged on cultivating container 8 internal upper parts, and its diameter is 200cm, and the model that goes up attached bolting silk is 300～200 orders.Drainpipe 3 is made by the PVC material, and caliber is 3.2cm.
Utilize fan blower or inflator pump to come compressed air, and import cultivating container 8 bottoms by bottom (conical tip), compressed air is sent into cultivating container 8 by diamond dust gas stone 9 by gas tube 2.Air inlet pipe 2 external diameters are 2.0cm, and gas stone 9 is the common diamond dust gas of 60 orders stone.Aeration quantity is 2～4 liters/minute.
Be described in detail production application of the present invention below by example:
Begin expanding species in preceding about 20 days growing seedlings, cultivate various unit cell algae bait.Common algae kind comprises chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros muelleri, little diatom and flat algae etc.; Bait is more wide in variety, can make the larva comprehensive nutrition, is beneficial to growth.1) method that general semicontinuous cultivation adopts full dose of nutritive salt to add, (100: 10: (10): all kinds of nutritive salt such as, wherein the sodium nitrate addition was 60～100ppm to add N, P, (Si), Fe in proportion.The disposable cultivation of unit cell algae entered the fast growing period later stage by the 4th day, and food density also peaks, and can gather in the crops the spat of throwing something and feeding.
The parent shellfish is supported temporarily sanding and sanding dual mode not, and the general temporary foster time should not be long.Support in the process temporarily and can adopt measures such as flowing water and intensification, accelerate gonad development.If the gonad development of close shellfish own is fine, unless very necessary, generally should not support temporarily, and should hasten parturition as early as possible.The method of hastening parturition comprises: a. dries in the shade, and b. dries in the shade+flowing water, and c. dries in the shade+flowing water+measures such as intensification.Ripe good close shellfish only needs dry in the shade stimulation just can lay eggs; Still can not lay eggs smoothly if adopt comprehensive technical measure to hasten parturition, adopted parents shellfish or buy a collection of close shellfish in addition more temporarily just is even because the bad ovum output of maturation can not guarantee the normal development of larva.
Fertilized egg hatching is generally carried out in Da Chi, and hatching density is at 30/ml.Also can be in the high density cultivating container flowing water hatching, density can reach 200/more than the ml.Should note inflation in the hatching process and remove unnecessary seminal fluid.
Behind the incubating oosperm, D shape larva can be selected in the high density cultivating container to be cultivated, and density is 140～160/ml.The floating larvae cultivation stage the most important thing is to guarantee the pure and fresh of the sufficient supplies of bait and water quality.Therefore, control bait addition, aeration quantity and streamflow in the cultivating container well, just become the key of cultivation technology.Larva bait is in earlier stage based on chrysophyceae, and the middle and later periods is aided with diatom and flat algae.Calculate by total streamflow of growing seedlings, every day, the chrysophyceae feeding volume was 3 * 10
3～1 * 10
5Cell/ml; The diatom consumption that collocation is thrown something and fed is 1 * 10
4～5 * 10
4Cell/ml, flat algae consumption are 1 * 10
3～1 * 10
4Cell/ml.From following table as can be seen, the bait feeding amount is 5 * 10
3～10 * 10
3In the time of between cell/ml. days, growth rate of larva and survival rate are trend of rising gradually, and difference is extremely remarkable; And feeding volume is 10 * 10
3～30 * 10
3In the time of between cell/ml. days, growth rate of larva and survival rate are constant or be downward trend.As seen, bait feeding is 10 * 10
3Being most appropriate to larval growth in cell/ml. days grows.
Growth rate and the survival rate of Ruditapes philippinarum larva under the different feeding volume conditions of table 1.
(23 ℃ of water temperatures, 150 of larval densities/ml)
| Average feeding volume (10 3Cell/ml. days) | 5 | 7.5 | 10 | 20 | 30 |
| The average day growth speed of larva (the long μ of shell) larva survival rate (%) | 5.5 70.2 | 7.9 73.5 | 9.3 92.5 | 8.5 90.7 | 7.8 85.2 |
Streamflow should suitably be adjusted according to larval density.When water temperature at 22～25 ℃, when larval density was the 150/ml left and right sides, streamflow should be no less than 10 revolution/skies, promptly the effective water body of cultivating container is in 400 liters, then streamflow should be more than 2.8 liters/minute.Following table is to utilize upwelling high density cultivating container under different water velocities, the comparison of aspects such as larval growth speed and survival rate.As can be seen, streamflow is when 2～20 revolution/skies, and growth rate of larva and survival rate are trend of rising gradually, but only between 2～10 revolution/skies difference extremely remarkable; Illustrate that streamflow is that 10 revolution/skies are to guarantee that larva obtains the necessary condition of higher growth rate and survival rate.
Growth rate and the survival rate of Ruditapes philippinarum larva under the different discharge conditions of table 2.
(23 ℃ of water temperatures, 150 of larval densities/ml)
| Streamflow (revolution/sky) | 2 | 5 | 7.5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
| The average day growth speed of larva (the long μ of shell) larva survival rate (%) | 4.5 32 | 3.9 60.9 | 6.9 80 | 9.4 92.5 | 9.6 94.5 | 8.8 93.6 |
It is pointed out that the conventional seedbed system method of utilizing, the cultivation density of floating larvae generally can only reach about 10/ml; And the novel seedling-cultivating method of employing new and high technology, the cultivation density of floating larvae can reach about 150/ml.In our production practices, (effectively water body is total to 11.2m to utilize 28 upwelling high density cultivating containers
3), cultivate 14.5 hundred million of eyespot larvas altogether.Following table is to utilize the comparison at aspects such as larval growth speed and survival rates of upwelling high density cultivating container and conventional seedbed system method:
Table 3. is cultivated growth rate and the survival rate (23 ℃ of water temperatures) of Ruditapes philippinarum larva under the density conditions
| Larval density (individual/ml) | Effective water body (m 2) | Larva sum (1,000,000) | The initial shell of D shape larva long (μ) | Larval growth speed (μ/d) | The embryophore long (μ) of crawling | Larva survival rate (%) | 11d larva adhesive rate (%) | ||
| D shape larval phase (1-4d) | Shell top larval phase (5-8d) | (9-10d) crawls the phase | |||||||
| 20 16 10 10 200 205 150 148 100 110 | 15 15 15 15 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 | 300 240 150 150 80 82 60 59.2 40 44 | 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 | 9.8 9.9 10 9.9 9.3 9.5 10 10 10 9.9 | 10.1 10.5 11.5 11.7 6.2 7 10.9 10.8 11.2 10.7 | 11.5 12.1 11.9 11.8 4.4 4.9 9.5 9.9 9.2 9.5 | 192.6 195.8 199.8 200 160.8 165.8 192.6 193 193.2 191.4 | 80.5 86.5 87.5 85 65 58.5 88 90.5 95 89.5 | 79 84 84.5 85.5 45 44.5 80.5 86.4 88 80 |
Annotate: wherein, larval density 100～200/ml for utilizing the high density cultivating container to cultivate, 10～20/ml's is the Da Chi cultivation.
As can be seen, utilize upwelling high density cultivating container to carry out the shellfish seed rearing, as long as larval density control is proper, (for example the larva culture density be no more than 160/ml), rate of water exchange and bait add rationally, water quality and other environmental conditions are good, and its growth indexes and conventional seedbed system method difference are little.
The juvenile mollusk stage of storing up both can carry out in the indoor raising of seedling pond, also can carry out in outdoor earth pond.Guarantee the sufficient and pure and fresh main aspect that remains management of water quality of bait.Simultaneously, indoor storing up will often be fallen the pond, and outdoor storing up wanted in good time rare seedling, also is the committed step of guaranteeing that the juvenile mollusk normal growth is grown.Outdoor earth pond is stored up needs fertilising to cultivate bait; Indoor storing up then needs to strengthen the bait feeding amount, and mixes the multiple algae such as chrysophyceae, diatom and flat algae of throwing something and feeding.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of upwelling shellfish larvae cultivation device, comprise the breeding arrangement main body, it is characterized in that described breeding arrangement main body top is that cylinder or closely cylindrical, bottom are conical taper tubbiness fiberglass cultivating container, inside coating is the food gel coat, and the smooth free from flaw in each junction; Bait and seawater conduit are incorporated into the bottom of cultivating container by the top; Top in the cultivating container is provided with the outside and is the filter drum of bolting silk, there is a drainpipe one to terminate on the filter drum, the other end passes the discharge outlet of cultivating container side wall upper part and stretches out cultivating container, gas tube imports from the bottom of conical tip shape, receive on the gas stone that is arranged on the tip-shape bottom of cultivating container female cone, gas stone is the common diamond dust gas of 60 orders stone, and the model of attached bolting silk is 300～200 orders on the described filter drum.
2, a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned cultivating container to cultivate the shellfish larva is: in other tuns with behind the shellfish incubating oosperm, D shape larva is selected in the cultivating container to be cultivated, it is characterized in that its bait conduit shunted by top feed algae carrier pipe, be incorporated into the bottom of cultivating container then by penstock, fresh seawater delivery conduit level frame vertically arrives the gas stone place, bottom of cultivating container then in the top of shellfish larvae cultivation device by a threeway; The density of shellfish D shape larva in cultivating container is 140～160/ml, bait is introduced the cultivating container bottom with water inlet by the bait conduit, flow through filter drum and drainpipe of waste water flows out from the discharge outlet on cultivating container top, and streamflow is 7～10 revolution/skies in the cultivating container, and feed algae concentration maintains 5 * 10
2～15 * 10
2Between cell/ml; Gas tube is imported by cultivating container conical tip shape bottom, by gas stone compressed air is sent into cultivating container, general 2～4 liters/minute of throughput, and early stage throughput is low, later stage throughput height; Larva bait is in earlier stage based on chrysophyceae in the used bait, and the middle and later periods is aided with diatom and flat algae.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101145442A CN1232169C (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | High density upflow shellfish larva cultivating device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101145442A CN1232169C (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | High density upflow shellfish larva cultivating device and method |
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| CN1554230A CN1554230A (en) | 2004-12-15 |
| CN1232169C true CN1232169C (en) | 2005-12-21 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103392635A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-11-20 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Buoyant raft for large-scale artificial breeding of shellfish and using method thereof |
| CN104621010A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-20 | 集美大学 | Shallow sea culture device for filter-feeding bivalves |
| CN103571743B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-12-17 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | High-density alga culture device |
| CN104145858B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of scale oyster fry high-density culture system |
| CN104521855A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 浙江海洋学院 | Bait circulating and retaining device for industrial aquaculture of cuttlefish |
| CN104521854B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-04-12 | 浙江海洋学院 | Method for increasing utilization rate of industrial aquaculture feed |
| CN107182886B (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2020-02-14 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Land-based shellfish upwelling culture equipment |
| CN109169442B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-09-08 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Closed inflatable upflow cultivation device and cultivation method for intermediate cultivation of bivalve fries |
| CN109169441B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-07-25 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Open inflatable upflow cultivation device and cultivation method for intermediate cultivation of bivalve fries |
| CN115053851B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-06-02 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Device for delaying metamorphosis of bivalve larvae and application method thereof |
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2003
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