CN1231880A - 一个人造假脚的脚部件 - Google Patents

一个人造假脚的脚部件 Download PDF

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CN1231880A
CN1231880A CN99105561A CN99105561A CN1231880A CN 1231880 A CN1231880 A CN 1231880A CN 99105561 A CN99105561 A CN 99105561A CN 99105561 A CN99105561 A CN 99105561A CN 1231880 A CN1231880 A CN 1231880A
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spring
foot
heel
pressure cushion
pressure
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CN1254220C (zh
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吕德尔·莫斯勒
马丁·普施
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Otto Bock Healthcare GmbH
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Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及人造假脚的一个具有弹簧弹性的脚部件,该脚部件带有至少一个决定人造假脚弹簧刚度的弹簧元件和一个用来改变此弹簧元件的弹簧刚度的适应装置。为了改善和简化脚部件对于每种情况的适应,本发明建议由安装人造假脚的病人与脚部件的负荷相关地对适应装置加载。

Description

一个人造假脚的脚部件
本发明涉及一个人造假脚的具有弹簧弹性的脚部件，该脚部件带有至少一个决定人造假脚弹簧刚度的弹簧元件和一个用于改变这个弹簧元件的弹簧刚度的适应装置。
从DE-A-4205900可知一个这样的实施形式。这里，脚部件由3个板簧组成，其中一个扁平弯曲的板簧被安置在脚跟区域，并在前脚区域以其前端与一个弯曲的前脚弹簧连接。该前脚弹簧以其一个端部向上伸展到假脚的连接区域中，并在此与一个适应器螺纹连接，而另一弹簧端则深入到前脚区域中。对于这个前脚弹簧又配置了第二个且稍许短一点的板簧，此板簧在其在连接器连接区域中的上端上与前脚弹簧的上端螺纹连接，并与后者一起构成一个向前增大的楔形容纳空间的边界，在该容纳空间中，安置了一个充气的压力软垫，该垫以其上侧面和下侧面分别支撑在两个上面已述的板簧上。病人可以通过改变压力软垫中的空气压力来改变这个脚部件的弹性张力数据。借助于一个手动操作的手动泵可使压力软垫鼓起，一个阀门装置可使压力软垫放气而降低其内压。
本发明的任务是，改进在前面所述的脚部件的携带舒适性。
根据本发明，这一任务是以如下方式解决的，即，适应装置的加载是由装上人造假脚的病人以与脚部件的每个负荷相关的方式来进行的。
在一个优选的实施例中，弹簧元件是一个前脚弹簧，并且通过脚跟负荷调节的脚部件中的脚跟偏转被用作为强迫调节适应装置的输入量。
这样，根据本发明，脚部件的刚度调节是作为病人的行走动力的函数而被调节的。因为通常脚跟的弹簧行程都被调节得远比前脚的弹簧行程小，所以脚跟行程对于行走形态的影响也就较小。因此，根据本发明，就使用脚跟偏转来控制前脚刚度。
在一个进一步的实施例中有利的是，可调的弹簧元件是一个充气的压力软垫以及适应装置是一个空气泵，该空气泵由脚跟偏转来驱动，从而在脚跟负荷增高时压力软垫中的空气压力也提高，而在脚跟负荷降低时压力软垫中的空气压力也减小，在此，对于压力软垫(11)配置一个形成一个恒定过压泄漏的安全阀，以便在一个预先给定的时间间隔内减低空气压力。
在此，由于一个空气弹簧的非线性的力一行程特性，对于允气的压力软垫配置一个轮廓接触面是有好处的。该接触面的在压力软垫上的投影面在接触面压入压力软垫中时如此与由于压力软垫体积的减小而形成的压力增加的过程相适应，使得形成压力软垫的一个至少近似线性的力一行程特性。这样的线性化也可通过这两个对它们之间的压力软垫加载的接触面的渐减的接近而实现。
病人的行走动力学既是他的日常形态的函数，也是其实际活动的函数。尽管一个通过递增适应系统(如同在上面所述的借助于一个空气软垫)而实现对日常形态的适应的函数是完全可以想象的，对于即时的职业活动(如在工作场所)则部分地必须很快地、实际上是从一步到下一步进行适应。但是，一个气动系统是难以实现如此快速的适应的。
为了实现人造假脚对于病人的实际行走动力学的一个快速并自动的适应，本发明建议，那个可调节的弹簧元件是一个以板簧形式构成的并至少在前脚区域伸展的前脚弹簧，而适应装置是一个刚性的、在纵向相对于前脚弹簧可移动的且决定前脚弹簧的弹簧刚度的衬垫件，该衬垫件的纵向移动通过一个机械式的调节装置实现，该调节装置的运动与脚跟偏转相联系，该脚跟偏转在最大的偏转时引起衬垫件向前脚弹簧的前端方向的一个最大移动，而在前脚卸荷时引起衬垫件向其超始位置的一个返回运动。
在这样的实施例中，当病人快步地脚跟牢固落地时，衬垫件将进一步向前移动，在之后所产生的前脚负荷的作用下，衬垫件的位置被固定住，从而病人可借助于刚性前脚杠杆走出比他在软的前脚杠杆场合下能走出的更大的步子。在前脚负荷消失时，这一固定也不再存在，衬垫件可返回到其起始位置。一个这样的配置能够实现前脚弹簧硬度对每一步的适应，这在变化多端的活动中是有好处的。
本发明进一步的特征描述在从属权利要求中，并在下面借助于实施例并与本发明的进一步的优点相结合地予以深入说明。
在附图中作为例子示出一些实施形式。其中：
图1示出带有纵向可移动配置的衬垫件的机械式自适应人造假脚的侧视图。
图2示出对于图1所示的作稍许改变的实施例的局部图。
图3示出带有弹簧弹性的压力缓冲器的一个前脚弹簧在矢状面中的纵剖面。
图4示出对于图1所示实施例变型的实施形式。
图5示意示出图4的一个局部。
图6示出对于图1所示实施例变型的实施形式。
图7示出了对于图1所示实施例变型的实施形式。
图8示出对于图1所示实施例的另一个变型实施形式。
图1示出一个具有弹簧弹性的脚部件，该脚部件具有一个以C形弹簧形式构造的脚跟弹簧2，该弹簧以其上腿2a与一个前脚弹簧3的后端部分B相连接。C形弹簧2的上腿2a与连接器4(Adapter)螺纹连接，通过该连接器假脚可与一个假腿相连接。
前脚弹簧3由两个并联的板簧元件9,10组成，这两个板簧元件9,10彼此相邻地配置，并在它们的两个端部区域A,B中被力矩刚性地彼此相连接。在此，只是在后端部分B中在两个板簧元件9,10之间设置一个距离元件8。在两个端部区域A,B之间，两个板簧元件9,10彼此之间有一个小的间距7，在该间距中伸入一个机械式适应装置。C形弹簧2的下自由腿的端部通过一个推杆14与一个刚性的衬垫件13在运动学意义下相连接。推杆14指向前面的端部在一个侧向座落在衬垫件13上的带槽元件15中纵向可移动地被导向，而在背面以一个拨动件16靠在带槽元件15上，并且推杆以其自由端通过一个弹簧17支撑在带槽元件15上。当病人快步而牢固地脚跟落地时，C形弹簧2的变形(脚跟偏转)就导致推杆14的一个滑动，推杆14通过其拨动件16进一步向前移动衬垫件13，在随之产生的前脚负荷的作用下，衬垫件13就被固定在该前部。弹簧17能够使脚跟弹簧进行一个回弹，而不改变衬垫件13的位置。在前脚卸载后，衬垫件13的固定也不复存在，紧接着衬垫件13在弱弹簧17的作用下又返回到其起始位置。
这样，在根据图1的解决方案中，就实现了假脚对于病人的实际行走动力学的快速且自动的适应，在此，那个有两个腿的前脚弹簧3的刚度由一个在纵向滑动的、机械式的衬垫件13来调节，通过脚跟落地的强度来控制衬垫件13。
图2示出一个可与图1相比较的前脚弹簧3，它的刚性的衬垫件13可通过一个丝杠19控制纵向滑动，衬垫件13由一个在图中没有进一步示出的丝杠螺母在丝杠19上来导引。丝杠19以其后端从前脚弹簧3的后端区域B伸出并在这里连接在一个没有进一步示出的机械式调节装置上，该调节装置与C形弹簧脚跟偏转进行运动连接。
图3示出一个前脚弹簧3，该弹簧在其两个板簧元件之间的小间距7内容纳一个弹性压力软垫11，如同箭头18所示，该压力软垫11或者通过根据图1或图2的一个机械式装置例如与脚跟负荷相关地可在前脚弹簧3的纵向方向移动，或者可由一个与脚跟负荷相关的控制在所示的位置被充气。
在图4所示的无关节的人造假脚具有一个用点划线示出的整容外壳1，该外壳1环绕一个形式为一个充气的压力软垫11的具有弹簧弹性的脚部件。压力软垫11位于一个可偏斜的、同样也是以板簧形式构成的且一直展延到前脚内的基底弹簧21之上。该基底弹簧21以其后端可偏斜地铰接在C形弹簧2的上部区域中。压力软垫11在其上侧面由脚部件的一个刚性构造的腿22来加载。这个刚性腿22的接触面23是以一定轮廓构成。充气的压力软垫11连接在一个空气泵元件12的压力套管上，该空气泵元件12安置在由C形弹簧2所包围的空间中并且可以依照与病人的体重和/或病人的活动相关的方式被操作。在脚跟负荷的作用下，C形弹簧被稍微压缩，这样，由此而被调节了的2个C形弹簧腿2a,2b之间的距离变化就确定了一个脚跟偏移，该脚跟偏移就成为空气泵元件12的驱动。
图5要示出，轮廓接触面23的在压力软垫11上的投影面C在接触面23压入压力软垫11中时是如此与由于压力软垫体积的减小而形成的压力增加的过程相适应，使得形成压力软垫11的一个至少是近似线性的力-行程特性，在此，面C是在所示的力F方向的投影。
因为空气弹簧通常是具有一个非线性的力-行程特性，根据本发明如此设计接触面23的轮廓，使得产生一个线性化的特性曲线。在等温情况下，这样的充气压力软垫的力-行程关系是相邻的、在力方向投影面C以及在压力软垫中剩余体积V的倒数的函数，压力软垫的内压P由比值F/C给出。
在衬垫件和其与C形弹簧的运动学连接上看，根据图6的实施形式对应于根据图1的解决建议，但是在这里，构成前脚弹簧3的两个板簧元件9,10只是在它们的后端B相互间力矩刚性地联接。
在图7中所示的脚部件的特征在于一个几乎在脚部件全长范围内展延的前脚弹簧3和一个扁平的、以正弦曲线形式构成的脚跟弹簧24，该脚跟弹簧24以其前腿端24a在前脚弹簧3的中间长度区域固定在前脚弹簧3的下侧面上。适应装置还是由一个空气泵元件12构成，该空气泵元件12被安置在脚跟弹簧24的后腿端24b和前脚弹簧3的后端之间。所以，这里涉及的还是一个气动适应结构，其优点在于，前脚的一个较大的弯曲会导致适应装置的一个较大的总行程。这样，当使用一个空气泵作为适应装置时，较多的空气被吸入，或者将较多的空气充入到充气压力软垫11中，从而也充入到前脚中。在卓有成效的适应中，由于较大的弹簧刚性，前脚的弯曲就会减弱，从而空气泵又压入通常确定数量的空气。
图8所示的脚部件由一个几乎在脚部件的全长范围内展延的基底弹簧21和一个在脚跟区域安置的C形弹簧2组成，该弹簧2以其上C形腿2a承受假腿的负荷并以其下C形腿2b压在一个由基底弹簧21的后端所形成的、向后高耸的鞍座25上。后者又支撑在脚跟楔26上。在上C形腿2a和一个被安置在其后的支承座27之间设置了一个形式上是一个气缸28但没有进一步示出的束缚件。该气缸28有一个步进式的力一行程特性曲线。此外，在上C形腿2a和支承座27之间铰接了一个空气泵12，该泵的压力套管12a连接在气缸28上。
这样，气缸28被用作为改变脚部件的弹簧特性的束缚件。一个前脚负荷通过由其产生的力矩导致C形弹簧2扩张。在此所出现的力应通过该束缚件传到基础固定件上。但是，该束缚件应在C形弹簧2变形的两个方向上，即既在向下弯曲又在向上弯曲时起作用。在此，在开始时应尽可能柔和地进行C形弹簧2的向下弯曲，而在进一步的变形中束缚件对于C形弹簧2变形的有限度的作用应增大。这样的渐进在病人身上就体现出前脚的一个轻松的行走，因为，可以将一个由这样的束缚件辅助的C形弹簧构造得更柔和些。这样，在站立时踝骨力矩变化过程中，病人可感觉到的小的前脚阻力也显著减小。为了使安装上假脚的病人能够主动地、与脚部件的每个负荷相关地自动控制这个渐进，作为适应装置，设置了一个与气缸并联的空气泵12，该空气泵12以其压力套管与气缸28相连接。后者在图8中没有示出，它位于空气泵12的后面。但是，在此，保持空气泵12的截面小于气缸的截面可能是适宜的。若空气泵12将一些补充的空气量压入气缸28，气缸28的基本压力就增高，从而其刚性也增高。气缸的减压依然可以通过放气来实现。
那个后面的、安置在支承座27上的束缚支座主要处于跟腱区域。前束缚支座或者说上束缚支座可以直接连接在连接器4上。
总之，对于根据图8的解决方案可总结如下：束缚件与C形弹簧2在前发生的对应于脚跟负荷的向下弯曲相关地控制C形弹簧2的向上弯曲限制。因为前脚刚性是通过串联的C形弹簧2和基底弹簧21决定的，所以产生一个渐进特性曲线，该特性曲线由束缚件渐进的行程限制来控制。这样，本解决方案的优点是，通过影响束缚件特性就可影响前脚刚性以及其特性曲线。一个柔和且渐进的特性曲线就使脚的行走来得容易一些，但是它只容许有限度的行走动力和能量返回，与此相反，一个更硬的线性的特性曲线容许更高的行走动力，但在低速行走时不舒服。

Claims (8)

1．一个人造假脚的具有弹簧弹性的脚部件，带有至少一个决定人造假脚弹簧刚度的弹簧元件(11；3,13；21,13)和一个用来改变此弹簧元件的弹簧刚度的适应装置，其特征为，由安装人造假脚的病人与脚部件的每个负荷相关地对适应装置加载。
2．按照权利要求1所述的脚部件，其特征为，该弹簧元件是一个前脚弹簧(3)，并且脚部件中由脚跟负荷调节的脚跟偏转被用作为强迫调节适应装置的输入量。
3．按照权利要求2所述的脚部件，其特征为，可调节的弹簧元件是一个充气的压力软垫(11)，适应装置是一个空气泵(12)，该空气泵(12)由脚跟偏转驱动，从而当脚跟负荷增高时提高压力软垫(11)内的空气压力，而当脚跟负荷减小时降低压力软垫(11)内的空气压力，并且对于压力软垫(11)配置形成一个恒定超压泄漏的安全阀，以便在一个给定的时间间隔内降低空气压力。
4．按照权利要求3所述的脚部件，其特征为，适应装置包括一个中间存储器，该存储器记录下脚跟偏转的实际量，在此，当脚跟偏转增大时更多的空气被泵入到压力软垫(11)中，而当脚跟偏转减小时压力软垫(11)内的空气压力则降低。
5．按照权利要求3或4所述的脚部件，其特征为，对于充气的压力软垫(11)配置一个轮廓接触面(23)，该接触面(23)在压力软垫(11)上的投影面(C)在接触面(23)压入到压力软垫(11)中时如此与由于压力软垫(11)中的容积减小而导致的压力增高过程相适应，使得形成压力软垫(11)的一个至少近似线性的力-行程特性。
6．按照权利要求3到5之一所述的脚部件，其特征为，充气的压力软垫(11)座落在一个可偏转的、以板簧形式构成的并一直伸展到前脚中的基底弹簧(21)上，并且在压力软垫(11)的上侧面由脚部件的一个刚性构成的腿(22)来对压力软垫(11)加载。
7．按照权利要求1所述的脚部件，其特征为，可调节的弹簧元件是一个以板簧形式构成的并至少在前脚区域伸展的前脚弹簧(3)，而适应装置是一个刚性的、在纵向相对于前脚弹簧(3)可移动的、并且决定弹簧刚度的衬垫件(13)，该衬垫件(13)的纵向移动通过一个机械式的调节装置(14,15,16,17；19,20)进行，该调节装置在运动学意义下与脚跟偏转相连，该脚跟偏转在最大的偏转时引起衬垫件(13)向前脚弹簧(3)的前端方向产生一个最大移动，而在前脚卸荷时引起衬垫件(13)向其起始位置的一个返回运动。
8．按照权利要求1或2所述的脚部件，其特征为，具有一个几乎在脚部件的全长范围内伸展的前脚弹簧(3)和一个扁平的、以正弦曲线形式构成的脚跟弹簧(24)，该脚跟弹簧(24)以其前腿端(24a)在前脚弹簧(3)的中间长度区域固定在前脚弹簧(3)的下侧面上，其中，该适应装置或者说它的驱动机构被安置在脚跟弹簧(24)的后腿端(24b)和前脚弹簧(3)的后端之间。
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TW386434U (en) * 1994-08-15 2000-04-01 L Van Phillips Prosthesis with foam block ankle
FR2745488B1 (fr) * 1996-03-04 1998-07-31 Corima Prothese reactive de pied
US5800570A (en) * 1996-03-14 1998-09-01 Collier; Milo S. Lower extremity prosthetic device
GB2311466B (en) * 1996-03-29 1999-11-10 Steeper Hugh Ltd A prosthetic foot
US5706589A (en) * 1996-06-13 1998-01-13 Marc; Michel Energy managing shoe sole construction
DE29707416U1 (de) 1997-04-24 1998-08-27 Otto Bock Orthopädische Industrie Besitz- und Verwaltungs-Kommanditgesellschaft, 37115 Duderstadt Federelastischer Fußeinsatz
US5944760A (en) * 1997-08-04 1999-08-31 Roland J. Christensen Family Limited Partnership Prosthetic foot with reinforcing member

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101346108B (zh) * 2005-12-22 2012-04-18 奥托·博克保健有限公司 义脚
CN101484097B (zh) * 2006-06-30 2011-02-16 萨米埃尔·图尔纳 补形足
CN104997580A (zh) * 2009-11-25 2015-10-28 奥托·博克保健有限公司 假肢脚

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JP4212174B2 (ja) 2009-01-21
RU2220684C2 (ru) 2004-01-10
US6767370B1 (en) 2004-07-27
JPH11299815A (ja) 1999-11-02
CA2266113C (en) 2008-07-29
CN1254220C (zh) 2006-05-03
CA2266113A1 (en) 1999-10-11

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