CN101346108B - 义脚 - Google Patents

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CN101346108B
CN101346108B CN2006800489539A CN200680048953A CN101346108B CN 101346108 B CN101346108 B CN 101346108B CN 2006800489539 A CN2006800489539 A CN 2006800489539A CN 200680048953 A CN200680048953 A CN 200680048953A CN 101346108 B CN101346108 B CN 101346108B
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L·莫斯勒
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Otto Bock Healthcare GmbH
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    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/60—Artificial legs or feet or parts thereof
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Abstract

一种义脚，具有一用于小腿部分的连接件(1)并具有一前脚件(6)，该前脚件借助上耦合元件(3)和下耦合元件(8)与该连接件(1)铰接式连接，使得连接件(1)的角度位置控制前脚件(6)的角度位置，其中，这些耦合元件(3，8)之一一直延伸到该脚的脚踵区域中，其中，下耦合元件(8)一直延伸到脚踵区域中，由此避免脚有效的长度在负荷下变化。

Description

义脚
技术领域
本发明涉及一种义脚，它具有用于小腿部分的连接件并具有前脚件，该前脚件借助上耦合元件和下耦合元件与该连接件铰接式连接，使得连接件的角度位置控制前脚件的角度位置，其中，所述耦合元件之一一直延伸到脚的脚踵区域中。
背景技术
这种义脚已在未在先公开的德国专利申请DE 10 2004 031 562 A1中描述，引用其公开内容。由于前脚件与用于小腿部分的连接件通过两个耦合元件耦合，首次进行了连接件与前脚件在角度位置方面的强制耦合。连接件或小腿部分的角度位置随着臀部的改变导致前脚件按比例抬起。因此义脚可以从无鞋跟的位置(“赤脚位置”)进入有高鞋跟的鞋中，由此，小腿以及连接件相对于义脚的足底面的位置在随臀部角度移位的意义上改变。由此前脚件抬起这样远，以致它又平行于支承面(鞋的前底)。前脚件因此固定地在站立面上支承并承受安全站立所需的必要负荷，即使具有高鞋跟时也是这样。因此不需要早先规定的前脚件软性或弹性构造。
前面描述的义脚优选包括多个铰链装置，尤其是一四铰链装置，其中，前脚与中脚部区域之间的耦合元件可以基本相互平行。由此得到连接件与前脚件的角运动1∶1的耦合，这对于适配鞋跟高度是理想的。在前面描述的义脚中上耦合元件延伸到脚踵区域中，因此构造为一种摇杆，它大致在中部铰接式安置在连接件上。这种结构的优点是，上耦合元件的旋转铰链大致安置在自然踝关节的位置中。但不利的是，构造为摇杆的上耦合元件的负荷运动改变了义脚在足底区域中的脚长度，以致例如在摇摆负荷下可能出现不希望的脚游移。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，达到开头所述类型义脚的优点，而不必忍受脚长度由于上耦合元件的运动而改变。
为了解决该任务，按照本发明，开头所述类型义脚的特点是，其中的下耦合元件一直延伸到脚踵区域中。在按照本发明的义脚中，前脚件的运动不引起脚的长度变化，以致避免了由于脚长度变化所产生的缺点。由于对于本发明义脚的脚踝运动来说下耦合元件的铰链具有决定意义，按照本发明的优点可导致下耦合元件的铰链略低于生理踝关节的位置，因为出于美容原因，明显较高的脚结构是不希望的。在这种情况下在旋转铰链的位置方面必须以妥协解决为基础。
此外，按照本发明的义脚允许自动适配前脚件相对于义脚足底支承面的角度位置，该支承面一方面通过在前脚件与脚中部区域之间的连接点上构成的耦合元件上的支承点“拇指球”、另一方面通过脚踵区域后端部上的“脚踵”来确定。在具有较高鞋跟的鞋中，该支承面倾斜于水平面。由于小腿部分为了得到平衡而必须基本垂直定向，在此在下耦合元件与用于小腿部分的连接件之间产生一向臀部扭转的角度。该角度被传递给前脚件并负责使前脚件抬起，以致前脚件相对于地面或鞋的前底区域来看面平行地定向，因而在前脚区域中可承受力，这些力导致高的站立安全性。
如在前面描述的按照DE 10 2004 031 562 A1的结构中那样，可以符合目的的是，其中的一个耦合元件有限地长度可变地构造。对于行走，直接将脚踝的角运动传递给前脚件是不利的。优选的是通过耦合元件的倾斜位置进行的转换，它将脚踝的角运动超比例地转换成前脚件的运动。在这种情况下为了补偿鞋跟高度需要进行其中一个耦合元件的长度适配。这可以静态地进行，因而只在换鞋时为了适应鞋跟高度而需要长度适配。但动态的长度变化也是可以的，其方式是，其中的一个耦合元件可弹性地伸长或者例如通过液压缸可调节长度。
由此例如可以减小在重心前移时出现的强烈的前脚负荷。如果长度变化可以逆着逐渐增大的弹性反力的作用，则产生逐渐增长的前脚反力，这是希望的。在此，病人站立时的一定“摇摆”通过弹性的、逐渐增长的反力被稳定，这相当于自然的站立感觉。
耦合元件的长度变化也可通过一液压缸引起，优选通过这样的液压缸：它仅可通过缓慢的变化来调节，而在短时负荷下闭锁。这种液压缸在DE 102004 031 562 A1中有详细解释。
对于行走动态有利的是，脚踵区域与连接元件之间的相对运动通过一减振装置衰减。该减振装置在此应具有减振的弹簧功能，但也可以优选这样构造：使得它响应静负荷，其方式是，液压缸设置有绕流口。以此方式可以进行对不同鞋跟高度的适应，以致每个站立位置总是不受力并且不必克服可能存在的反力来保持。
可以符合目的的是，耦合元件的铰接式固定不是通过旋转铰链引起，而是通过弹簧弹性的连接。在此，该弹簧弹性的连接可以仅在该耦合元件的一端、但可以在该耦合元件的两端构成。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中，下耦合元件通过各一个板簧元件弹簧弹性地贴靠在前脚件上和连接件上，其中，这两个板簧元件进入脚踵区域中并且在那里相互面贴靠。在此，与连接元件连接的板簧元件构成一个C形，而与前脚件连接的板簧元件具有轻微的波形。
按照本发明的义脚还适合于附加的动态调整，在该动态调整中，一个耦合元件在其减振特性方面可被连续控制，例如在使用具有可电调节的阀的液压缸的情况下。该控制可根据所测得的负荷状态和脚的位置状态来进行。
附图说明
下面借助附图中示出的实施例详细解释本发明。附图示出：
图1按照本发明的义脚的第一实施例的侧视图；
图2变化的第一实施方式的侧视图；
图3按照本发明的义脚的第二实施方式；
图4按照本发明的义脚的第三实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1中示出的按照本发明的脚的第一实施方式具有一连接件1，它在其上侧设置有一适配器突头2，该适配器突头呈在头部上直立的截锥形。该适配器突头2使得能够可调校地接收小腿假肢的管状的小腿部分。
一上耦合元件3通过旋转铰链4与该连接件1连接。该上耦合元件的另一端部通过另一旋转铰链5与一前脚件6连接，通过该前脚件模仿自然脚的脚趾区域。在前脚件6上，在旋转铰链5下方有另一旋转铰链7，通过它，一下耦合元件8与前脚件6连接。下耦合元件8通过一旋转铰链9铰接在连接件1的下端部上并且具有一突头，该突头超过旋转铰链9接续下耦合元件8进入自由的脚踵端部10，该突头伸入脚的脚踵区域中。自由的脚踵端部10因此略向下折出。可看到，下耦合元件8以它的后面的自由的脚踵端部10和两个旋转铰链7，9构成一个摇杆，该摇杆例如在脚在脚踵上着地以进行走步时由于地面阻力而在自由的脚踵端部10上受负荷，从而对前脚件6施加一转矩，通过该转矩，前脚件6向上摆动。该摇杆的旋转铰链9相当于踝关节。
前脚件6构造成一个大致三角形的楔，它的下侧面11平行于前脚件6区域中的(未示出的)用于该脚的支承面。
在图1所示的实施例中，连接件1，耦合元件3，8和前脚件6刚性地构造。脚踵端部10区域中的负荷因此导致前脚件6立即向上转动，它相当于脚趾抬起。为了缓和这种不自然的反应，在按照图2的变化的实施例中，设置一减振器12，它安置在连接件1与下耦合元件8的脚踵端部10之间。当对脚踵端部10加载以地面反作用力时，减振器12例如负责使后面的脚踵端部10延迟地和必要时受限制地向上摆动，由此引起前脚件6相应延迟地和受限制地向上摆动。
减振器12优选设置为带有绕流口的液压缸，该绕流口被过高的流动速度关闭。由此可以实现，例如当义脚被置入具有较高鞋跟的鞋中时，连接件1与后面的脚踵端部10或下耦合元件8之间的角度位置几乎静态地变化。以此方式可以适配连接件1相对于下耦合元件8的角度位置，从而适配假肢的小腿部分相对于下耦合元件8的角度位置，以便在下耦合元件8由于鞋跟较高而远离时能够实现小腿部分的垂直定向，该垂直定向不必克服弹性反作用力来保持。
下耦合元件8的角度位置此外由一些支承面得到，这些支承面在后面的脚踵端部10上和在前面的设置有旋转铰链7的拇指球端部13上得到。
还要提到，减振器12也与后面的脚踵端部10和与连接件1铰接式连接。从图2可看到连接件1中相应的旋转铰链12’。
在图3所示的实施例中，上耦合元件3′借助液压缸14长度可变地构造。该实施方式有助于义脚适应不同的鞋跟高度。此外下耦合元件8设置有突头15，它接续下耦合元件8超过旋转铰链7进入一自由端部中并且在两侧各对一压力弹簧16加载，每一压力弹簧与一固定的止挡17协同作用。下耦合元件8相对于前脚件6的摆动被这些压力弹簧16弹性地衰减并且被这些止挡17限制，以避免前脚件6过度摆动。
在图4所示的按照本发明的脚的第三实施方式中，连接件1和前脚件6各设置有一贴靠面18，19，各一个板簧元件20，21的一个相应区段贴靠在该贴靠面上并相应地固定在那里。这两个板簧元件20，21组合成下耦合元件8，该下耦合元件因此弹性地构造。与连接件1连接的板簧元件20大致C形构造，同时实现一弹性的脚踵元件，即行使与图2中的减振器12相似的功能，与前脚件6连接的板簧元件21按照足底的形式从前脚件6向脚踵端部10波形延伸，在脚踵端部，两个板簧元件20，21彼此面贴靠，相互连接并且共同构成一自由端部。
由于板簧元件20，21的造型，产生了旋转点22，23。旋转点22位于连接件1附近并承担踝关节功能，而板簧元件21上的旋转点23处于义脚的拇指球区域中。
可以看到，在图1至4所示的实施方式中，前脚件6的摆动角度被强行控制，但其中有效脚长度保持不变。

Claims (10)

1.义脚，具有一用于小腿部分的连接件(1)并具有一前脚件(6)，该前脚件借助上耦合元件(3)和下耦合元件(8)与该连接件(1)铰接式连接，其中，所述上耦合元件(3)通过第一旋转铰链(4)与所述连接件(1)连接并且通过第二旋转铰链(5)与所述前脚件(6)连接，所述下耦合元件(8)通过在所述第二旋转铰链(5)下方的第三旋转铰链(7)与所述前脚件(6)连接并且通过在所述连接件(1)的下端部的第四旋转铰链(9)与所述连接件(1)连接，或者所述下耦合元件(8)的铰接式连接通过至少一个弹簧弹性的连接构成，使得连接件(1)的角度位置控制前脚件(6)的角度位置，其特征在于：
下耦合元件(8)从前脚件(6)并超过该连接件(1)一直延伸到脚踵区域中；
在对脚踵施加地面阻力时，下耦合元件(8)对前脚件(6)施加转矩，导致前脚件(6)向上摆动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的义脚，其特征在于，这些耦合元件(3，8)之一长度可变地构造。
3.根据权利要求2所述的义脚，其特征在于，长度可变的耦合元件(3，8)可逆着一逐渐增大的弹性反力被延长。
4.根据权利要求2所述的义脚，其特征在于，长度可变的耦合元件(3)具有一液压缸(14)。
5.根据权利要求2至4之一所述的义脚，其特征在于，上耦合元件(3)长度可变地构成。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的义脚，其特征在于，在脚踵区域中延伸的下耦合元件(8)与所述连接件(1)之间安置一减振装置(12)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的义脚，其特征在于，当所述下耦合元件(8)的铰接式连接通过至少一个弹簧弹性的连接构成时，该下耦合元件(8)弹簧弹性地不仅贴靠在前脚件(6)上而且贴靠在连接件(1)上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的义脚，其特征在于，该下耦合元件(8)通过各一个板簧元件(20，21)弹簧弹性地贴靠在前脚件(6)上和连接件(1)上，这些板簧元件(20，21)进入脚踵区域中并且在那里相互面贴靠。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的义脚，其特征在于，前脚件(6)相对于下耦合元件(8)的运动被中间连接的弹簧弹性的止挡装置(16，17)限制。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的义脚，其特征在于，一个耦合元件(3，8)的减振特性通过使用具有可电调节的阀的液压缸可根据所测得的负荷状态和/或脚的位置状态调整。
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