CN1111026C - 制动膝关节 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于腿假肢的制动膝关节,其具有关节上、下半部、一个关节轴和一个固定在一个摆动轴上的摆杆以及一个由脚部负载控制的制动装置,该摆动轴设置在关节轴下侧远端并与关节轴平行,摆杆以其弯曲侧端环绕该关节轴,为改善行走状况,制动装置包括一个充有液压油的排出室,该排出室至少部分同心包围关节轴地设置在摆杆的弯曲侧端上并被一个构成关节轴的旋转活塞分成伸直室和弯曲室,这两个室通过一个可由一阀门活塞关闭的油路相互连通,该活塞克服一弹簧的作用安装在关节中央部分内,该弹簧将活塞压向打开位置,并在关节中央部分向弯曲方向绕着所述摆动轴偏转时,由一个安装在关节下半部上的调节装置将该活塞压向关闭位置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制动膝关节,其具有一个关节上半部、一关节下半部、一个与一关节部件抗扭连接的关节轴。
背景技术
美国专利3,015,825公开了类似的实施形式。其中用于产生运动阻力以确保假肢膝关节克服由重量所带来的弯曲的机构,其取决于负载的自动控制要求有技术上的措施,该措施允许腿假肢的大腿部分和小腿部分之间相对运动,更确切地说,是在行走的站立位置时由腿假肢的真实负载状态所支持的方向上的相对运动。构成关节中央部分的摆动杆是在上述的制动膝关节中用于实现这种相对运动的技术解决方案。在上述的结构中,摆动轴与关节上半部相连接,而关节轴设置在关节下半部分中。该摆动杆的纵轴伸向伸直腿假肢的纵轴,从膝关节轴的中心向前-下也就是向前-远(antero-distal)伸展。这种倾斜使得作用在膝关节上的制动作用产生一个制动带,该制动带通过在大腿假肢的上半部分和下半部分之间绕一个制动滚筒的取决于负载的相对运动而张紧,该制动作用的最大值在行走的站立状态开始出现在脚后跟,该值向前脚尖连续减小,这是因为摆动轴的纵轴越来越处于一个平行于主负载方向的位置上,由此,相对运动的范围受到限制。在上述美国专利的图6和7中所揭示的情况用于改善行走中从站立状态向弯曲状态的过渡,因为在腿假肢的脚尖还处于较小负载的时候,它已允许截肢者开始膝关节的弯曲。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,在前述制动膝关节的基础上,在保持自然行走的前提下,提供一种由脚负载控制制动装置的改进型结构。
上述技术问题按照本发明是通过这样一种用于腿假肢的制动膝关节来解决的,该制动膝关节具有一个关节上半部、一关节下半部、一个与一关节部件抗扭连接的关节轴和一个构成关节中央部分的摆杆,该摆杆用其伸直侧端固定在一个摆动轴上,该摆动轴设置在关节轴下侧远端并与该关节轴平行,摆杆还以其弯曲侧端环绕该关节轴,而且所述制动膝关节还具有一个由脚部负载所控制的制动装置,其特点在于,所述制动装置包括一个充有液压油的封闭的排出室,该排出室至少是部分同圆心地包围该关节轴并且设置在关节中央部分的所述弯曲侧端上,该排出室被一个构成所述关节轴的、与关节上半部抗扭连接的旋转活塞分成伸直室和弯曲室,这两个室通过一油路相互连通,该油路由一个阀门活塞全部或部分地关闭,该活塞克服一个阀门活塞弹簧的作用可移动地安装在关节中央部分内,该弹簧将活塞压向其打开位置,并且在关节中央部分向弯曲方向绕着所述设置在关节下半部上的摆动轴偏转时,由一个安装在关节下半部上的调节装置将该活塞压向关闭位置。此外,本发明另一个有利方案是,在连接伸直室和弯曲室的油路中串联安装两个作用方向相反的单向节流阀,以控制摆动位置。
此外,设置一个用于连接的连杆是有利的,该连杆的一端与关节上半部分铰接,另一端与关节下半部内安装的弹簧撑架铰接,该撑架承受连接弹簧的弹力。
本发明在伸直位置,避免设置刚性的止挡,而是设置终端阻尼装置。为了在伸直位置产生阻尼作用,使伸直室与弯曲室连通的油路通过一接口与伸直室如此连接,即,旋转活塞在向伸直位置转动到最后的位置时逐渐关闭该接口。所述的转动最后位置的区域最好为10°-15°。在伸直过程中,旋转活塞将油从伸直室经连接通道压向弯曲室。输出油路逐渐被旋转活塞闭合,导致形成伸直阻尼的节流作用。因此,阻尼过程可由旋转活塞在接口处的外形决定。
为避免从伸直位置转向弯曲位置时旋转活塞在回转时由终端节流产生的流动阻力,本发明在弯曲室的油路接口中设置一个单向止回阀,该阀在弯曲开始时,被弯曲室中排出的液压油打开。
附图说明
下面借助附图所示实施方式对本发明予以详细说明,附图中:
图1是装有小腿假肢的膝关节的侧视图;
图2是装有液压控制装置的制动膝关节在伸直状态的侧视图;
图3是图2所示制动膝关节在弯曲状态的侧视图;
图4是图2所示制动膝关节的纵剖面图;
图5是图3所示制动膝关节的纵剖面图;
图6是液压系统图;
图7是可调单向止回阀的详细描述图,该阀用于制动膝关节的摆动相位控制;
图8是图4所示制动膝关节的一种变换实施例的纵剖面图;
图9是图8所示制动膝关节在弯曲状态的纵剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个制动膝关节1,在该关节的远侧端,通过一螺旋紧固件2固定了一个构成假肢小腿的管3,在管3的底端连接了一个假脚4。
制动膝关节1由一个关节上半部5、一个关节下半部6、一个关节轴7和一个构成关节中央部分8的摆动杆组成,该摆动杆承受由脚部负载所产生的冲击,并且可绕一个平行于关节轴7的摆动轴9摆动。
从图1中可以看出,摆动轴9远离关节轴7并在关节轴7的下侧设置。
在图1中表示了一个象征脚后跟负载的作用力线F和一个象征脚尖负载的作用力线V,这两条力线通过关节轴7。绕摆动轴9摆动的摆动杆8能施加到关节轴7上的制动力矩是通过各自的力臂确定的,该力臂是从各负载线与摆动轴9之间的位置中得出的。在图1中,到脚后跟负载力线F的力臂a大于到脚尖负载力线V的力臂b。这是摆动轴9相对关节轴7延深的结果,它使得脚尖负载有较小的制动力矩时在脚后跟负载处产生最大的制动力矩,由此,就可以为行走状态(Gangphase)进行相应的弯曲了。当轴7、9处于同一水平面时,脚后跟及脚尖负载产生大约相同的制动力矩,由此,为行走所开始的弯曲会受到制约。
图2至5示出了一个液压控制的制动膝关节。这里,关节轴7被一个最好是充有液压油的排出室至少部分同心地包围,该排出室设置在构成关节中央部分的摆动杆8上,并被构成关节轴7的、与关节上半部5抗扭连接的旋转活塞19分成伸直室20和弯曲室21,这两个室通过一油路22相互连通。该油路由一个阀门活塞23全部或部分地关闭,该活塞23克服一个将活塞23压向其打开位置的阀门活塞弹簧24的作用可移动地安装在关节中央部分8内,并且在关节中央部分8向弯曲方向偏转时,由一设置在关节下半部6上的调节装置将活塞压向关闭位置。该调节装置由一个安装在关节下半部6内可人工旋转的调整螺丝25构成,该螺丝25安装在阀门活塞23的远端。
在关节中央部分8上设置一个用于关节上半部5的伸直止挡26。设置在摆动轴9上的关节中央部分8向其伸直位置的转动由一个安装在关节下半部6上的伸直止挡27限定,向弯曲位置的转动由一个弹性的同样也是安装在关节下半部6上的弯曲止挡28限定,该止挡由一橡胶套构成,该橡胶套部分绕着阀门活塞23和其调整螺丝25固定。弹性的弯曲止挡28用于向站直位置转动转换,并且通过一个调整螺母29调节适应于患者的初压力,该螺母29安装在橡胶套的远端,并设置在调整螺丝25上。
在将两室20、21相互连通的油路22中设置一个单向止回阀30,该阀30避开了由阀门活塞23形成的节流点,并在关节伸直时打开从伸直室到弯曲室的油路,据此制约油流,见图6。由此避免了在关节伸直时,所排出的液压油受阀门活塞23的控制。
为了能控制关节转动的位置,在上述的油路22中将两个作用方向相反的单向节流阀31、32串联布置(见图6和7),这两个节流阀分别通过一个可从外部人工纵向调节的调整销33进行调整。图7表示这两个单向节流阀31、32具有一个共用的球34,该球在适当的压力作用下可在两调整销33之间移动。作用于该球34上的压力是由流过该球的液压油产生的:随着液压油的增加,作用在球34上的压力也增加,由此,球34克服弹簧35的作用向相应的阀座36方向移动。这样产生较高的节流作用。因此,在较快的屈膝动作(Kniebewegung)时阻力(阻尼)增加。
一平衡液压油体积变化的蓄能器37连接到排出室20、21。
此外,本发明设有一个用于连接(Vorbringer)的连杆38,其一端与关节上半部5铰接,其另一端与关节下半部6内安装的弹簧撑架39铰接,该撑架39承受连接弹簧(Vorbringfeder)40的弹力。
在图8和9所示的实施方式中,在伸直部位设有终端阻尼。使伸直室20与弯曲室21相连通的油路22通过一接口41与伸直室20连接,以使旋转活塞19在逆时针方向向伸直位置旋转到最后位置时逐渐关闭接口41。由此产生节流作用,该节流作用进而产生伸直阻尼作用。该阻尼过程取决于旋转活塞19的经过接口41的外部形状。在油路22与弯曲室21相连的接口42中,设置一单向止回阀43,该阀在弯曲开始时由弯曲室21排出的液压油打开。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于腿假肢的制动膝关节,其具有一个关节上半部(5)、一关节下半部(6)、一个与一关节部件抗扭连接的关节轴(7)和一个构成关节中央部分(8)的摆杆,该摆杆用其伸直侧端固定在一个摆动轴(9)上,该摆动轴(9)设置在关节轴(7)下侧远端并与该关节轴(7)平行,摆杆还以其弯曲侧端环绕该关节轴(7),而且所述制动膝关节还具有一个由脚部负载所控制的制动装置,其特征在于,所述制动装置包括一个充有液压油的封闭的排出室(20、21),该排出室(20、21)至少是部分同圆心地包围该关节轴(7)并且设置在关节中央部分(8)的所述弯曲侧端上,该排出室(20、21)被一个构成所述关节轴(7)的、与关节上半部(5)抗扭连接的旋转活塞(19)分成伸直室(20)和弯曲室(21),这两个室(20、21)通过一油路(22)相互连通,该油路由一个阀门活塞(23)可全部或部分地关闭,该活塞(23)克服一个将活塞(23)压向其打开位置的阀门活塞弹簧(24)的作用可移动地安装在关节中央部分(8)内,并且在关节中央部分(8)向弯曲方向绕着所述设置在关节下半部(6)上的摆动轴(9)偏转时,由一个安装在关节下半部(6)上的调节装置将该活塞压向关闭位置。
2.根据权利要求1的制动膝关节,其特征在于,所述调节装置为一个可人工旋转的调整螺丝(25),该螺丝(25)设置在阀门活塞(23)的远端。
3.根据权利要求1或2的制动膝关节,其特征在于,在关节中央部分(8)上设有一个用于关节上半部(5)的伸直止挡(26)。
4.根据权利要求2的制动膝关节,其特征在于,设置在摆动轴(9)上的关节中央部分(8)向其伸直位置的转动由一个安装在关节下半部(6)内的伸直止挡(27)限定,向弯曲位置的转动由一个弹性的同样也是安装在关节下半部(6)内的弯曲止挡(28)限定。
5.根据权利要求4的制动膝关节,其特征在于,该弹性弯曲止挡(28)可通过一个人工调整装置进行调节。
6.根据权利要求5的制动膝关节,其特征在于,该弹性弯曲止挡(28)是橡胶套,该橡胶套部分绕着阀门活塞(23)和其调整螺丝(25)固定。
7.根据权利要求6的制动膝关节,其特征在于,该用于弯曲止挡(28)的调整装置是一调整螺母(29),该螺母(29)安装在所述的调整螺丝(25)上,并设置在弯曲止挡(28)的远端。
8.根据权利要求1或2的制动膝关节,其特征在于,在所述油路(22)中设置一个单向止回阀(30),该阀避开了由所述的阀门活塞(23)形成的节流点,并在关节伸直时,打开从伸直室(20)到弯曲室(21)的油路。
9.根据权利要求1或2的制动膝关节,其特征在于,在连通伸直室(20)和弯曲室(21)的油路(22)中,串联布置两个作用方向相反的单向节流阀(31、32)以控制摆动位置。
10.根据权利要求9的制动膝关节,其特征在于,每个单向节流阀(31、32)分别由一调整销(33)进行调整,以实现摆动位置控制的人工调节。
11.根据权利要求10的制动膝关节,其特征在于,所述的两个单向节流阀(31、32)具有一个共用的球(34),该球在两调整销(33)之间是可移动的。
12.根据权利要求11的制动膝关节,其特征在于,至少一个调整销(33)在所述球(34)的相应压力下克服弹簧(35)的作用可向阀座(36)的方向移动。
13.根据权利要求1或2的制动膝关节,其特征在于,排出室(20、21)连接有一个平衡液压油的体积变化的蓄能器(37)。
14.根据权利要求1或2的制动膝关节,其特征在于,设有一个用于连接的连杆(38),该连杆的一端与关节上半部(5)铰接,其另一端与关节下半部(6)内安装的弹簧撑架(39)铰接,该撑架(39)承受连接弹簧(40)的弹力。
15.根据权利要求1或2的制动膝关节,其特征在于,为了在伸直时产生终端阻尼作用,使伸直室(20)与弯曲室(21)连通的油路(22)通过一接口(41)与伸直室(20)如此连通,即旋转活塞(19)在向伸直位置转动到最后位置时逐渐关闭该接口(41)。
16.根据权利要求15的制动膝关节,其特征在于,接到弯曲室(21)的油路(22)的接口(42)中,设置一个单向止回阀(43),该阀(43)在弯曲开始时,被弯曲室(21)排出的液压油打开。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19506426.7 | 1995-02-24 | ||
DE19506426A DE19506426C1 (de) | 1995-02-24 | 1995-02-24 | Bremskniegelenk |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1141157A CN1141157A (zh) | 1997-01-29 |
CN1111026C true CN1111026C (zh) | 2003-06-11 |
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US (1) | US5704945A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0728451B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3504798B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100287380B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1111026C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR001018A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE192317T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU692050B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9600820A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2170172C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19506426C1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2147869T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL184011B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2141290C1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199600125A2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW259703B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA961420B (zh) |
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1995
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- 1996-02-15 EP EP96102228A patent/EP0728451B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-15 AT AT96102228T patent/ATE192317T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-15 ES ES96102228T patent/ES2147869T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-15 DE DE59605084T patent/DE59605084D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-16 TR TR96/00125A patent/TR199600125A2/xx unknown
- 1996-02-20 PL PL96312866A patent/PL184011B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-22 AU AU45671/96A patent/AU692050B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-02-22 ZA ZA961420A patent/ZA961420B/xx unknown
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- 1996-02-24 KR KR1019960004956A patent/KR100287380B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US5704945A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
ATE192317T1 (de) | 2000-05-15 |
RU2141290C1 (ru) | 1999-11-20 |
JPH08317944A (ja) | 1996-12-03 |
BR9600820A (pt) | 1997-12-23 |
CA2170172A1 (en) | 1996-08-25 |
AR001018A1 (es) | 1997-08-27 |
CN1141157A (zh) | 1997-01-29 |
ZA961420B (en) | 1996-08-27 |
ES2147869T3 (es) | 2000-10-01 |
DE59605084D1 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
DE19506426C1 (de) | 1996-11-28 |
KR100287380B1 (ko) | 2002-11-23 |
PL184011B1 (pl) | 2002-08-30 |
EP0728451A1 (de) | 1996-08-28 |
AU4567196A (en) | 1996-09-05 |
KR20010000415A (ko) | 2001-01-05 |
TW259703B (en) | 1995-10-11 |
TR199600125A2 (tr) | 1996-10-21 |
EP0728451B1 (de) | 2000-05-03 |
PL312866A1 (en) | 1996-09-02 |
CA2170172C (en) | 2003-08-05 |
JP3504798B2 (ja) | 2004-03-08 |
AU692050B2 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
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Owner name: OTTO BOCK HEALTH GMBH Free format text: FORMER NAME OR ADDRESS: OTTO BOCK ORTHOPAEDISCHE INDUSTRIE |
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Patentee after: Otto. Bock Orthopaedische Industrie Besitz-Und Verwaltungs-Kommanditgesellschaft Patentee before: Otto Bock Orthopaedische Industrie |
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Granted publication date: 20030611 |
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