CN1230230A - Copper alloy and method of mfg. same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a metallic material, in particular, brass, which is excellent in mechanical strength, cutting performance, ductility in hot working, and anticorrosion. Brass according to the invention is roughly classified into four types including ' alpha + gamma ', ' alpha + beta + gamma ', ' alpha + normal beta ' and ' alpha + reinforced beta '. Brass of alpha + gamma type is alpha + gamma at room temperature, and its alpha phase has an area ratio of 97 to 70 %. Brass of alpha + beta + gamma type is alpha + beta + gamma at room temperature, and its beta phase and gamma phase, respectively, have area ratios of 3 to 30 %. In these two types, the gamma phase contains 8 wt.% Sn or more. Brass of alpha + normal beta type is alpha + beta at room temperature, and its beta phase has an area ratio of 20 % or more. Brass of alpha + reinforced beta type is alpha + beta at room temperature, and its beta phase has an area ratio of 15 % or more, and its beta phase contains 1.5 wt.% Sn or more. Brasses of all the types are alpha + beta in recrystallization temperature region, and their beta phases have area ratios of 30 to 80 %. Average crystal grain sizes of alpha and beta are 15 mu m or less, and preferably 10 mu m or less. An average crystal grain of gamma has an average minor axis of 8 mu m or less, and preferably 5 mu m or less. Brasses of alpha + gamma and alpha + gamma + beta have an apparent Zn content of 37 to 46 wt.%, and an entire Sn content of 0.9 to 7 wt.%. Brasses of the other two types have an apparent Zn content of 37 to 44 wt.%.

Description

Copper alloy and manufacture method thereof

1, technical field

The present invention relates to metallic substance, its manufacture method and metal products.Though the present invention relates generally to the Cu-Zn series copper alloy, i.e. brass and manufacture method thereof, principle of the present invention is not limited only to brass.

2, background technology

Know that in the past unit elongation surpasses 1000% metallic substance, and aluminium and stainless steel are for example arranged.Its good ductility is to cause because the slip of crystal particle crystal boundary has relaxed distortion.The slip of crystal boundary is that 0.01/ second low speed external force is effective for Deformation velocity, so for such low speed external force, aluminium and stainless ductility are all good.But for Deformation velocity surpassed 0.1/ second the sort of high speed external force, intercrystalline slip can not effectively work, and crystal grain produces the result of excessive dislocation, caused fracture to take place.

In order to make it not rupture under this high speed external force, people know the heat energy that utilizes in the processing and are out of shape the energy of deformation that produces makes it recrystallize (dynamic recrystallization).Improving ductility by means of dynamic recrystallization, is practical to brass etc.

Brass in the past is that the unit elongation of 0.1/ second high speed external force can surpass 100% for Deformation velocity.But prior art is difficult to obtain than its higher ductility.Obtain the high ductibility under the high speed external force, must accelerate recrystallize speed.Its method is, when in order to increase the heat energy that causes recrystallize and to make it be in the condition of high temperature, before operating force Shang Shui worked, it is thick that crystal grain just becomes, and causes to add dynamic recrystallization can not occur man-hour.Yet the past is not apply operating force under the ultimate temperature of alligatoring at crystal grain, so further improve the required energy shortage of recrystallize speed.

In fact the brass purposes is a lot.Different purposes require the performance of brass also to have nothing in common with each other.For example, forging requires to have high ductility under above-mentioned high speed external force with brass material.And for example, be used for the brass of valve and water halter hardware etc. and water contact component, requiring has high corrosion resistance and anti-erosion to water.In addition, also require to have high strength and good cutting ability in the various uses.

Cu-Zn-Sn system and Cu-Zn series copper alloy as water there being good corrosion resistance have admiraltymetal rod (JIS C-4641) and high tensile brass rod (JIS C-6782) respectively.Wherein the erosion resistance of so-called brass mainly is meant Dezincification corrosion resistant.So-called Dezincification corrosion resistant is meant because of the ionization tendency of copper and zinc differently, and zinc is preferential stripping in water, zinc content reduces with the passing of time and gradually as a result, cause occurring the phenomenon that intensity reduces, when using brass to make the water contact component, this is an important problem.

About the improvement of erosion resistance, a kind of brass is disclosed in the public clear 61-58540 communique of spy, this brass is to have added Pb, Fe, Ni, Sb and P in the Cu-Zn-Sn series copper alloy, is actually the α phase.Open in the flat 6-108184 communique the spy and to disclose an Albatra metal-, this Albatra metal-is to add Pb, Fe, Ni, Sb and P after hot-extrudable or drawing in the Cu-Zn-Sn series copper alloy, and then forms the α phase after 30 minutes～3 hours in thermal treatment under 500～600 ℃ of temperature.These prior arts are not separated out mutually by the β that makes the erosion resistance extreme difference, in fact only form the α phase, and obtain good corrosion resistance.

But, in fact being above-mentioned traditional brass of α phase, its physical strength and cutting ability are all relatively poor.And all good existing brass of physical strength and cutting ability has the alpha+beta crystal structure.But, because of β phase erosion resistance extreme difference, so it is also poor to have traditional brass erosion resistance of alpha+beta crystal structure.In a word, prior art is difficult to make erosion resistance and intensity and cutting ability to have both simultaneously.

The object of the invention is to provide a kind of metallic substance that has excellent ductility under high speed external force.

The object of the invention also is to provide a kind of brass that has good ductility under high speed external force.

The object of the invention also is to provide a kind of brass with good corrosion resistance and good cutting.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide all brass of excellence of various performances such as a kind of ductility, intensity, cutting ability and erosion resistance.

Other purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of the brass that can achieve the above object.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the various characteristics all metal products and the brass ware of excellence.

3, disclosure of an invention

The metallic substance that belongs to first aspect present invention is a kind of like this material, and the distortion that has metallic crystal when being subjected to external force deformation disperses the crystal structure of generation, and the strain energy that is produced by distortion can become the required energy of metallic crystal recrystallize.Therefore, under the effect of high speed external force, distortion does not produce in the part but produces its huge strain energy dispersedly, and its huge strain energy makes it to produce recrystallize and eliminates dislocation.As a result, can obtain good ductility under the high speed external force.

The metallic substance manufacture method that belongs to second aspect present invention comprises following a kind of like this operation, the i.e. metallic crystal strain energy that deforms of external force when representing with SE because of hot-work, heating when representing by hot-work with TE can be when heat energy that metallic crystal is given,

The required minimum energy of metallic crystal recrystallize of SE+TE＞distortion

Under the necessary energy condition of thickization of crystal grain, metallic substance is carried out hot worked operation under TE＜no external force state.

When carrying out hot-work according to manufacture method of the present invention, do not make under the high temperature that ductility reduces though metallic substance is not heated to because of thickization of crystal grain, but condition can be regulated the distortion that causes because of external force is produced in metallic substance strain energy fully big, even under lower temperature, also can effectively carry out dynamic recrystallization (so-called strain energy can be inferred into the potential that dislocation has).An example of this condition is, with the crystal structure of the metallic substance of heat supply processing, is adjusted to and is subjected to external force to do the time spent distortion to disperse the state (said distortion disperses, and can infer to become to make the microcosmic displacement to disperse) that produces.Its result can realize not having thickization of crystal grain phenomenon during heating, and has good ductility because of producing the dynamic recrystallization effect in the material effectively under high speed external force when applying external force.

External force effect down distortion disperses a type of the crystal structure that produces, be to mix with crystalline firmly than soft junction is brilliant, and crystal grain is very small.The soft under external force crystallization of this crystal structure produces distortion, and (perhaps under the intercrystalline slip effect between soft crystallization and the hard crystallization) produces the soft crystallization of this distortion and move dispersion.This crystal structure may reside in the following material, promptly contains two kinds of metallic elements at least, the alloy of separating out soft crystallization phases and hard crystallization phases, and its typical case's representative is the brass of copper and zinc alloy form.As its specific examples, can enumerate in alpha+beta, alpha+beta+γ and α+γ type brass, crystal grain small (15 μ m or following).

Making the element solid solution of recrystallize speed in the soft crystallization that helps improving two kinds of metal alloys as described above (improving the speed of recrystallize with nucleus that produces), also is effective.The typical case of this element representative is, has the element of approximate atomic radius with above-mentioned two kinds of metallic elements, make it in soft crystallization, to produce the displaced type solid solution, and under the situation of brass, be Sn for example.

The brass that belongs to third aspect present invention should meet the following conditions: in the recrystallization temperature zone, have the alpha+beta crystal structure, and in the recrystallization temperature district,

(A1) β phase area ratio is 30～80%,

(A2) α mutually with β average crystal grain diameter mutually at 15 μ m or following, preferred 10 μ m or following,

(A3) α disperses to exist mutually.

The preferred embodiment of brass of the present invention has the good high temperature ductility that requires below satisfying in the recrystallization temperature district:

(1) under 1/ second Deformation velocity, not damaged when producing 100% distortion,

(2) under 0.1/ second Deformation velocity, not damaged when producing 200% distortion,

(3) under 0.01/ second Deformation velocity, not damaged when producing greater than 200% distortion, or

(4) under 0.001/ second Deformation velocity, not damaged when producing greater than 600% distortion.Brass with the past can not reach good like this ductility.And superplastic material (for example aluminium and stainless steel) the in the past high speed distortion such for above-mentioned (1) and (2), there is not good ductility.

Brass of the present invention can be divided into four kinds of " α+γ type ", " alpha+beta+γ type ", " α+conventional β type " and " α+reinforcement β type " in this manual.Have α+γ crystal structure under " α+γ type " brass normal temperature, and meet the following conditions at normal temperatures:

(B1) γ phase area ratio is 3～30%, and is preferred 5～30%,

(B2) α phase average crystal grain diameter is 15 μ m or following, preferred 10 μ m or following,

(B3) γ phase average crystal grain diameter (minor axis) is 8 μ m or following, preferred 5 μ m or following, and

(B4) on α phase boundary or grain, there is above-mentioned γ phase.

Such brass cutting ability excellence.

" alpha+beta+γ type " brass has alpha+beta+γ crystal structure, and meets the following conditions at normal temperatures under the normal temperature:

(B1) α phase area ratio is 40～94%,

(B2) β amounts to 3～30% with γ area ratio mutually mutually

(B3) α is 15 μ m or following with β average crystal grain diameter mutually mutually, preferred 10 μ m or following, and

(B4) γ phase average crystal grain minor axis is 8 μ m or following, preferred 5 μ m or following.Such brass cutting ability is also excellent.

Such brass preferably also meets the following conditions at normal temperatures:

(B5) contain 8 weight % or above Sn at γ in mutually, and

(B6) above-mentioned γ surrounds the β phase mutually.So, erosion resistance and anticorrosion stress-resistant breaking property (SCC resistance) are also excellent.

" α+conventional β type " brass has the alpha+beta crystal structure, and meets the following conditions under the normal temperature under the normal temperature:

(B1) β phase area ratio be 20% or more than, preferred 25% or more than, and

(B2) α is 15 μ m or following with β average crystal grain diameter mutually mutually, preferred 10 μ m or following.This brass has excellent cutting ability and intensity.

Have the alpha+beta crystal structure under " α+reinforcement β type " brass normal temperature, and meet the following conditions at normal temperatures:

(B1) β phase area ratio be 15% or more than, preferred 20% or more than,

(B2) α directly is 15 μ m or following with β average crystal grain mutually mutually, preferred 10 μ m or following, and

(B3) β contains 1.5 weight % or above Sn mutually.

Such brass, cutting ability, erosion resistance and SCC resistance are all excellent.

The suitable examples of which kind of type no matter when giving 400% distortion with 0.01/ second Deformation velocity in the recrystallization zone, all has not damaged good high temperature ductility, and also has the good characteristic shown in following (1)～(3) under the normal temperature.

(1) good cutting ability

With the round brass rod of cutting soon that meets the JIS C-3604 of Japanese Industrial Standards is benchmark, its cutting resistance coefficient be 80 or more than.

(2) good anti-corrosion

Stretch the technological standard JBMA T-303 of copper association according to Japan and carry out Dezincification corrosion when test, under the maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction situation parallel with machine direction, the maximum dezincify degree of depth is for being 100 μ m or following, perhaps, under maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction and the vertical situation of machine direction, the maximum dezincify degree of depth is 70 μ m or following erosion resistance.

(3) good SCC resistance

When exposure in the ammonia atmosphere gas of cylindrical sample above 14% ammonia soln was loaded after 24 hours, said sample not disruptive maximum stress was 180N/mm ²Or more than.

But which kind of traditional metallic substance all can not satisfy above-mentioned those conditions.For example, SPZ (zinc-aluminium) and the corrosion-resistant of aluminium in water, especially aluminium produce corrosion hole, and these metals are poor because of the cutting ability that is clamminess.

Belong to fourth aspect present invention the brass manufacture method, have and cast the operation of making brassing under the following conditions:

(1) the apparent zinc content of raw material composition is 37～46 weight %,

Setting rate when (2) casting is 5 * 10 ¹～10 ⁵K/ second, preferred 10 ²～10 ⁵K/ second, and

(3) speed of cooling after solidifying be not higher than under 400 degree second for 5K/

The brassing made from this method is because satisfy the condition in recrystallization temperature district of the brass of third aspect present invention, so have good high-temperature ductility.

Manufacture method of the present invention can also have and make the step that brass is extruded part, promptly after above-mentioned casting, in 480～650 ℃, preferably in 480～600 ℃ of temperature ranges, above-mentioned brassing is carried out high temperature extrude.Process of cooling after the extruding of this high temperature, preferably to be not less than the 0.4K/ speed of second, proceed to 400 degree or below.As a result, this brass is extruded the condition that part also satisfies the brass that belongs to third aspect present invention.

Manufacture method according to the brass of fifth aspect present invention has under following condition:

(1) extrusion temperature is 480～650 ℃, in preferred 480～600 ℃ of temperature ranges, and

Relative reduction in area when (2) extruding be 90% or more than, be preferably 95% be more than, the apparent zinc content brass material that is 37～46 weight % is carried out hot-extrudable, make the step that brass is extruded part.Also can be met the brass extrudate of the brass condition of the present invention the 3rd aspect according to this manufacture method.Speed of cooling after hot-extrudable, preferably to be not less than the 0.4K/ speed of second, proceed to 400 the degree or below.Utilize the cooling of this high speed, the crystal grain also not alligatoring of footpath of cooling back can obtain having the 15 μ m of one of feature of brass of the present invention or the crystal structure of following small grains.

This manufacture method can also further have and comprises the step of making brass forging, is about to the above-mentioned part reheat of extruding, and carries out high temperature forging under 480～750 ℃, makes the step of brass forging.This forge piece also satisfies the condition according to the brass of third aspect present invention.The Deformation velocity of high temperature forging, preferred more than 1/ second.In high speed high temperature forging process like this, not alligatoring of crystal grain diameter during forging.The speed of cooling of high temperature forging, preferably also to be not less than the 0.4K/ speed of second, proceed to 400 the degree or below.So, the also not alligatoring of cooling back crystal grain diameter can obtain 15 μ m or following small grains.

Utilize above-mentioned manufacture method to make under the occasion of " α+γ type " of the present invention brass, the condition that can select is: Sn content is 0.9～7 weight % in the brass material, high temperature extrude or high temperature forging after speed of cooling before reaching below 400 ℃ be 0.4～5K/ second.Perhaps, as additive method, also can after the high temperature forging operation, add a heat treatment step, be about to brass material Sn content and adjust to 0.9～7 weight %, heat simultaneously brass forging and insulation 30 seconds under 400～550 ℃ of temperature or more than, the speed with 0.4～5K/ second is cooled to 400 ℃ or following heat treatment step then.

Utilize above-mentioned manufacture method to make under the occasion of " alpha+beta+γ type " of the present invention brass, the condition that can select is: Sn content is 0.9～7 weight % in the brass material, high temperature extrude or high temperature forging after speed of cooling before reaching below 400 ℃ be 0.4～10K/ second.Perhaps also can change the speed of cooling of adjusting in the manner described above, and after the high temperature forging operation, add heat a treatment process, promptly heat brass forging, insulation 30 seconds under 450～550 ℃ of temperature or more than, the speed with 0.4～10K/ second is cooled to 400 ℃ or following such heat treatment step then.

Utilize above-mentioned manufacture method to make under the occasion of " α+reinforcement β type " of the present invention brass, the condition that can select is: Sn content is 0.5～7 weight % in the brass material, apparent zinc content is 37～44 weight %, reach below 400 ℃ behind the hot-extrudable or high temperature forging before speed of cooling be 5～1000K/ second.Perhaps also can change the speed of cooling of adjusting in the manner described above, and after the high temperature forging operation, add a heat treatment step, promptly heat brass forging and insulation 30 seconds under 475～550 ℃ of temperature or more than, be cooled to 400 ℃ or following heat treatment step with the speed that is not less than 5～1000K/ second then.

Manufacture method according to the brass of sixth aspect present invention, having apparent zinc content is the brass material heating of 37～44 weight %, refrigerative step then, and in order to make the cooled crystal structure of this brass material be selected from alpha+beta, alpha+beta+γ and α+γ type structure, control Heating temperature, heating hold-time and speed of cooling be the controlled step of one of them at least.For example, under same Heating temperature and the condition of heating hold-time, can control speed of cooling the slowest, comparatively fast and the fastest, so that obtain α+γ, alpha+beta+γ and alpha+beta structure respectively.

Copper alloy (is typical case's representative with brass) according to seventh aspect present invention has following good cutting performance and physical strength.That is to say, be benchmark with the round brass rod of cutting soon that meets the JIS C-3604 of Japanese Industrial Standards, the cutting resistance coefficient be 80 or more than, and 0.2% yield strength or yielding stress are not less than 300N/mm ²Past is not had both the copper alloy of good like this cutting ability and intensity.For example, though bronze has 80 or above cutting resistance coefficient, its 0.2% yield strength and tensile strength only are respectively 80 newton/mm ²With 220 newton/mm ²Because contain 79% above copper in the bronze, so its intensity generally is difficult to improve.One of method that improves bronze intensity is to increase Sn content.But Sn content one increases in the bronze, and the defective that is called shrinkage hole (bubble during solidification shrinkage) during casting will become seriously, and the result makes strength deterioration.In contrast, copper alloy of the present invention, especially brass make up mutually by copper and the good zinc of cutting ability with excellent corrosion resistance, can improve cutting ability and intensity.

Belong to the copper alloy (is typical case's representative with brass) of eighth aspect present invention, have following good SCC resistance.That is to say that place the ammonia atmosphere gas of 14% ammonia soln top to load on the cylindrical sample of copper alloy of the present invention and expose 24 hours, this sample not disruptive maximum stress is 180N/mm ²Or more than.In order to improve SCC resistance, must improve intensity and erosion resistance (though only so not enough).Among the present invention, utilize the characteristic of the copper of excellent corrosion resistance to improve SCC resistance.Point out that in passing bronze anti-stress ability is low, 100N/mm ²Viscous deformation will take place under the stress of the left and right sides.

According to the brass of ninth aspect present invention, have following good cutting performance and erosion resistance.That is to say, be as the criterion to cut round brass rod soon, the cutting resistance coefficient is not less than 80, and stretch the technological standard JBMA T-303 of copper association according to Japan and carry out Dezincification corrosion when test, when maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction is parallel with machine direction, the maximum dezincify degree of depth is 100 μ m or following, and perhaps when maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction was vertical with machine direction, the maximum dezincify degree of depth was 70 μ m or following.Point out in passing, cut the round brass rod corrosion-resistant soon, the maximum dezincify degree of depth when carrying out the test of above-mentioned Dezincification corrosion reaches about 200 μ m.

A kind of method that improves the brass cutting ability is, makes average crystal grain diameter be in 15 μ m or following, is preferably 10 μ m or following.In addition, preferably crystal structure is adjusted have α mutually and be present in this α mutually crystal boundary, than the soft or hard part of α phase.The said part mutually softer than α for example is other metal of Pb or Bi and so on.The said part mutually harder than α, for example have β mutually with γ mutually, FeSi or FeP and so on intermetallic compound, and the oxide compound of copper or magnesium etc.Alpha+beta is compared with the crystal structure of α+γ, because the two alternate difference of hardness of α+γ big than alpha+beta, so machinability is better.

In order not only to improve machinability, but also improve erosion resistance, can adopt following the whole bag of tricks.For example in α+γ crystal structure, make γ contain Sn mutually, it is effective preferably containing the above Sn of 8 weight %.And in the alpha+beta tissue, the element (for example Sn, Si, Al, Sb, Ge or Ga) that β is contained mutually improve erosion resistance is effective.Make it to contain under the situation of Sn, β in mutually the preferred 1.5 weight % of Sn concentration or more than.And, have the α phase, the β phase, the ratio β that surrounds β phase crystal grain has mutually more that the crystal structure of high corrosion resistance part also is effective.Said than the better part of β phase erosion resistance, for example be the γ phase that contains 8 weight % or above Sn.In the crystal structure of such alpha+beta+γ, in order to make γ mutually the embrittlement phenomenon does not appear, and preferably the minor axis with γ phase average crystal grain is limited in 8 μ m or following.

Brass after according to the present invention cutting ability and erosion resistance being improved can be used among the various uses, in water tube component.Brass of the present invention is because average crystal grain diameter is little, so low temperature ductility is not so good.But, in the water pipe purposes because and do not require martensite and shape memory alloy high low temperature ductility like that, so brass of the present invention can fully satisfy desired product quality.

The present invention will provide the various goods that use metal of the present invention or brass on the other hand.The present invention also will provide the producing apparatus of making metal of the present invention or brass use.

4, brief description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the chart of characteristic of three kinds of crystalline phases, pure Cu, pure Zn and the pure Sn of expression brass.

Accompanying drawing 2A～2C is in several examples of the explanation various embodiment of brass of the present invention and traditional brass, the data sheet of composition, crystal structure and each characteristic.

Accompanying drawing 3 is schemas of manufacturing process's example of expression brass ware.

Accompanying drawing 4 is in the example of two manufacture method examples of expression brass of the present invention and classical production process, the data sheet of casting and high temperature extruding condition.

Accompanying drawing 5 is in the example of two manufacture method examples of expression brass of the present invention and classical production process, the data sheet of high temperature forging condition and goods crystal structure.

Accompanying drawing 6 is the curves of ductility (deformation rate and Deformation velocity) trier result in the expression recrystallization temperature district.

Accompanying drawing 7 is data sheet of expression cutting ability test-results.

Accompanying drawing 8 is axis side views of explanation cutting ability test method.

Accompanying drawing 9 is curves of corrosion resistant corrosion test result.

Accompanying drawing 10 is synoptic diagram of explanation corrosion resistant corrosion test method.

Accompanying drawing 11 is synoptic diagram of explanation anticorrosion stress-resistant bursting test method.

Accompanying drawing 12 is data sheet of expression anticorrosion stress-resistant bursting test result.

Accompanying drawing 13 is the composition of the expression several samples relevant with " α+reinforcement β type " brass and corrosion resistance test result's data sheet.

Accompanying drawing 14 is the middle mutually Sn concentration of expression β and is cooled to 400 ℃ of graphic representations that concern cooling time before.

Accompanying drawing 15 is expression data sheet to " α+reinforcement β type " of the present invention brass thermal effectiveness.

Accompanying drawing 16A is the microphotograph of an embodiment crystal structure of expression the present invention " α+γ type " brass.

Accompanying drawing 16B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 16A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 17A is the microphotograph of an embodiment crystal structure of expression the present invention's " alpha+beta+γ type " brass.

Accompanying drawing 17B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 17A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 18 is expression several samples compositions relevant with the present invention " α+γ type " or " alpha+beta+γ type " brass and corrosion resistance test result's data sheet.

Accompanying drawing 19 is schemas that an example of the present invention " α+γ type " or " alpha+beta+γ type " brass manufacturing and water contact component operation is used in expression.

Accompanying drawing 20 is schemas that an example of traditional brass manufacturing and water contact component operation is used in expression.

Accompanying drawing 21 is expression data sheet to the present invention " α+γ type " and " alpha+beta+γ type " brass thermal effectiveness.

Accompanying drawing 22A represents to cast postcooling speed to be decided to be the microscope lens photo of forged forging 19K/ second with the brass crystal structure.

Accompanying drawing 22B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 22A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 23A is the microphotograph that accompanying drawing 22A partly amplifies.

Accompanying drawing 23B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 22A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 24A represents to cast postcooling speed to be decided to be the microscope lens photo of forged forging 1.3K/ second with the brass crystal structure.

Accompanying drawing 24B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 24A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 25A is the microphotograph that accompanying drawing 24A partly amplifies.

Accompanying drawing 25B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 25A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 26A is that expression high temperature is extruded the brass that contains Sn1.9 weight %, extrudes the microphotograph that brass square billet crystal structure is used in the forging made from the cooling of 30K/ speed second the back.

Accompanying drawing 26B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 26A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 27A is the brass square billet that high temperature forging accompanying drawing 26A represents, forges the microphotograph of back with the brass forging crystal structure of 20K/ speed second cooling manufacturing.

Accompanying drawing 27B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 27A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 28A is that expression high temperature pushes the brass that contains Sn2.3 weight %, the forging that make with the cooling of 30K/ speed second the extruding back microphotograph of brass square billet crystal structure.

Accompanying drawing 28B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 28A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 29A is the brass square billet that high temperature forging accompanying drawing 28A represents, forges the microphotograph of back with the brass forging crystal structure of 20K/ speed second cooling manufacturing.

Accompanying drawing 29B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 29A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 30 is the crystal structure of the relevant brass of the present invention of explanation and the data sheet of the condition of composition.

Accompanying drawing 31 is explanation final high temperature extruding when making brass of the present invention, the data sheet that relevant casting and high temperature push optimum condition.

Accompanying drawing 32 is explanation final high temperatures when forge making brass of the present invention, the data sheet of relevant high temperature extruding optimum condition.

When accompanying drawing 33 is the last thermal treatment manufacturing of explanation brass of the present invention, about the data sheet of high temperature extruding, high temperature forging and thermal treatment optimum condition.

Accompanying drawing 34 is to use the axis side view of the water halter example of brass manufacturing of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 35 is to use the view profile of the water halter example of brass manufacturing of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 36 is to use the view profile of another water pipe example of brass manufacturing of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 37 is to use the view profile of other water pipe examples of brass manufacturing of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 38 is the synoptic diagram with hot water machine example of the reducing valve made with brass of the present invention and surplus valve.

Accompanying drawing 39 is synoptic diagram of the reducing valve of expression accompanying drawing 38 hot water machines.

Accompanying drawing 40 is synoptic diagram of the surplus valve of expression accompanying drawing 38 hot water machines.

5, optimum implementation of the present invention

Cu-Zn is that the purposes of alloy is wide, is widely used as parts, tame electrical article, mechanical part, building materials, Gas appliance and optical element etc. that water halter and water pipe and so on contact with water.This Albatra metal-is not only all good in general characteristics such as intensity, low temperature ductility, hardness, cutting and grindings, and also all good aspect each characteristic such as the desired erosion resistance of the parts that contact with water, anti-erosion, anticorrosion stress-resistant disruptiveness.

A principle of the present invention is, closes for above-mentioned each characteristic is improved and is conceived to the characteristic that Cu-Zn is the alloy junction crystalline phase.Know in the past α, β are arranged, three kinds of crystallization phasess of γ.Though γ phase erosion resistance and intensity are excellent, but because fragility caused the past not attempt applying in a flexible way its characteristic greatly.β phase factor corrosion-resistant, the past is thought always and is unsuitable for as the parts that contact with water.Though the erosion resistance of α phase and low temperature ductility are excellent, but intensity and cutting ability are bad.Therefore, the past all is considered as the characteristic of crystallization phases changeless, does not attempt actively to change the characteristic of crystallization phases.At this situation, the inventor etc. just further investigate the principal element that above-mentioned each characteristic exerts an influence, and found that except the kind of crystallization phases, and grain size also is an important factor.According to this achievement in research, the first, can improve the characteristic of brass mutually by effectively utilizing γ.The second, particularly can improve the characteristic of brass by the characteristic that changes the β phase.The 3rd, utilize the crystal grain diameter method for optimizing can improve the characteristic of brass.

As for γ being separated out mutually and changing a kind of concrete means of β phase behaviour, can add Sn.But, be unsuitable for forging the brass material of usefulness because add Sn that high temperature ductility is reduced.For head it off, the inventor etc. have done further research with regard to high temperature ductility, and the result finds out: the 4th, and the optimizing of crystal grain diameter improves high temperature ductility.The 5th finds out, utilize with α mutually with β mutually the ratio of mixture method for optimizing can obtain β phase dynamic recrystallization, improve high temperature ductility thus.

The above-mentioned achievement in research of having applied in a flexible way in an embodiment of the present invention.Illustrate before the embodiments of the invention, be necessary to illustrate the characteristic of above-mentioned three kinds of crystallization phasess.Accompanying drawing 1 expression Cu-Zn is the characteristic of three kinds of crystallization phasess presenting of alloy (brass), and the characteristic of pure Cu, pure Zn and pure Sn.

As shown in Figure 1, pure Cu erosion resistance, and ductility and cold forging (easness of cryogenic forging) are though good under the normal temperature, yield strength and machinability (easness of cutting) are poor.Cu-Zn alloy (brass) in the practicality behind the extensive in the past employing interpolation Zn replaces.In the Cu-Zn alloy, crystal structure is different different because of the Zn addition.Apparent Zn content is in 37 weight % or when following, it is mutually single-phase to become α, and apparent Zn content is in 37 weight % or when above, β phase (alpha+beta or β) occurs.When apparent Zn content further increased, γ phase (alpha+beta+γ, α+γ, β+γ or γ) appearred.Even under the low situation of Zn real content, when adding Sn (equivalent of Zn equals 2) and carrying out specific heat treatment, apparent Zn content can increase and present the γ phase.Here said term " apparent Zn content " is meant, when Cu content (weight %) with A, Zn content (weight %) is with B, the Zn equivalent of the element (as Sn) of interpolation is with t, the content of this element (weight %) makes it " { (B+tQ)/(A+B+tQ) } * 100 " when representing with Q.

α phase alpha brass, though erosion resistance and cold forging are good, but yield strength and machinability are poor.By to wherein adding Sn, though can improve erosion resistance and yield strength, when the Sn addition reaches 2 weight % or when above, has the trend that makes it to become fragile on the contrary.β has the characteristic almost opposite mutually with α mutually, though promptly erosion resistance and cold forging are poor, but yield strength, forge hot (easness of high temperature forging) and machinability are good.The new discovery that researchs such as the inventor obtain is, by adding Sn in the β phase crystal grain, erosion resistance and yield strength all improve, and especially erosion resistance is almost brought up to the degree that is equal to mutually of single-phased alloy mutually with α.The suitable Sn addition of γ occurs when surpassing preset value.Though γ is crisp mutually, but erosion resistance and yield strength are good.

Here said " erosion resistance " mainly refers to the character of Dezincification corrosion resistant.So-called " Dezincification corrosion " is meant because of the ionization tendency of copper and zinc differently, and zinc is preferential stripping in water, and zinc content reduces as time goes by gradually, and the phenomenon that causes intensity to reduce is a problem when using Cu-Zn to be alloy.

At Cu-Zn of the present invention is in the alloy (brass), will have the above-mentioned different properties characteristic crystalline phase appropriate combination of (comprising the characteristic through improving), can make the crystal grain optimizing.Accompanying drawing 2A～2C represents the contrast situation of composition and each characteristic and the prior art brass (reference examples) of 19 kinds of brass embodiment of the present invention.

The feature of crystal structure is as follows among the embodiment 1～19.Embodiment 1～5 has α+γ crystal structure, and crystal grain is by refinement (15 μ m or following), and the γ of characteristic through improving is utilized effectively mutually.Embodiment 6～12, have alpha+beta+γ crystal structure, and crystal grain is by refinement, and the β of characteristic through improving is utilized effectively mutually with γ mutually.Embodiment 13～15, have the alpha+beta crystal structure, and crystal grain is by refinement.Embodiment 16～19 has the alpha+beta crystal structure, and crystal grain is by refinement, and by adding Sn the characteristic of β phase is improved.In addition, in these embodiment 1～19, the ratio of each crystallization phases is suitably adjusted.About after being described in more detail in of these embodiment crystal structures.

Embodiment 1～19, is under the creating conditions who meets the principle of the invention, and casting has the brass sample of forming shown in the accompanying drawing 2A, will carry out (concrete manufacturing sequence is shown in the accompanying drawing 3) of the method manufacturing of high temperature forging after its high temperature extruding.The heat-treat condition of accompanying drawing 2A～2C shows forging temperature and method of cooling.The speed of cooling of air cooling is 0.8K/ second, and the speed of cooling of water-cooled is 100K/ second.

For the characteristic of accompanying drawing 2A～2C, can enumerate " 0.2% yield strength (N/mm ²) " (produce 0.2% the required tensile stress of tensile-permanent set), " low temperature ductility (%) " (ductility in the machining at low temperature humidity province), " hardness (HV) ", " high temperature ductility " (high temperature process humidity province, i.e. ductility in the recrystallization temperature district), " cutting resistance coefficient ", " erosion resistance ", " erosion resistance " and " anticorrosion stress-resistant disruptiveness " (SCC resistance).

In accompanying drawing 2A～2C, show and estimate the label symbol that each characteristic is used.For " 0.2% yield strength ", not enough 300N/mm ²Be decided to be bad (*), 300 or above and not enough 350N/mm ²Be evaluated as good (zero), 350 N/mm ²Or above be chosen as excellent (◎).With regard to " high temperature ductility ", with 10 ° of (/ second) Deformation velocitys,, do not produce disruptive maximum distortion rate, being chosen as of less than 100% bad (*), 100% or above be chosen as good (zero) to the result that sample carries out tension test.About " cutting resistance coefficient ", carry out the result of cutting test according to the aftermentioned mode, cut round brass rod (JIS C-3604) soon and be the cutting resistance coefficient of benchmark, being chosen as of less than 80 bad (*), 80 or above be chosen as good (zero).

" erosion resistance " stretched copper association technological standard (JBMA T-303) according to Japan and carried out the Dezincification corrosion test, and estimate according to the evaluation criteria of JBMA T-303 regulation.Promptly, maximum dezincify depth of penetration when dezincify depth of penetration direction is parallel with machine direction, at 100 μ m or following be chosen as good (zero), and the maximum dezincify depth of penetration when maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction is vertical with machine direction does not satisfy being chosen as of these standards bad (*) at 70 μ m or following be chosen as good (zero).

With regard to " erosion resistance ", under test conditions described later, do not leak required necessary mounting torque through not producing after 1500 hours, be in 0.8Nm or above be chosen as bad (*), this numerical value is following is chosen as good (zero).About " anticorrosion stress-resistant disruptiveness ", under test conditions described later, be chosen as bad (*) through disruptive after 24 hours, disruptive is not chosen as very (zero).

As shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C, among the embodiment 1～5, yield strength, low temperature ductility, erosion resistance, erosion resistance, anticorrosion stress-resistant disruptiveness all are cited as very (zero) or excellent (◎). Embodiment 1 and 2 machinability are cited as bad (*), by inference its reason may be because do not satisfy γ be not less than mutually 3% and β be not more than 3% mutually, or γ is not less than the cause of 5% top condition mutually.Among the embodiment 1, high temperature ductility also is cited as bad (*), and its reason may be that apparent Zn contains quantity not sufficient 38 weight % by inference, and β does not mutually reach 30% and causes during hot-work.

All characteristics all is cited as very (zero) or excellent (◎) among the embodiment 6～12.

Except erosion resistance and erosion resistance, other characteristics all are cited as very (zero) or excellent (◎) in embodiment 13～15.The erosion resistance of embodiment 13～15 and erosion resistance are cited as bad (*), may be because do not comprise the γ phase of excellent corrosion resistance by inference, and β mutually in the cause of Sn concentration less than 1.5 weight %.

Embodiment 16～19, and all characteristics all is cited as very (zero) or excellent (◎).

The profitability of the embodiment of the invention below is described, especially the profitability aspect " high temperature ductility ", " cutting resistance coefficient ", " erosion resistance " and " anticorrosion stress-resistant disruptiveness ".

" high temperature ductility " profitability in embodiments of the present invention at first is described.High temperature ductility is good, is to supply with high temperature forging and so on hot-work one of most important properties of square billet.Accompanying drawing 3 an expression high temperature forging brass wares example of manufacturing process.

At first in step 1, mix electrolytic copper, electrolytic zinc and cutting metal, and carry out melting and casting.Follow in step 2, use the method for casting back chilling to make middle molding, heat this middle molding then, utilize extruding formation method to make bar-shaped or the wire blank.And then in step 3 cold rolling this bar-shaped or wire blank, anneal and pickling, cut into predetermined size.

The above-mentioned blank of heating in step 4 forges required characteristic so that guarantee to be suitable for next step then.And then the blank that will heat in step 5 places forging mold to forge.Cool off afterwards, as the preparation of step 6.In case stop cooling, just enter step 6, carry out pickling or sandblast, to remove lip-deep oxide film, further be shaped, obtain goods through cutting, after grinding and electroplate each operation.

Attached Figure 4 and 5 represent, adopt two embodiment (the inventive method 1 and the inventive method 2) of the manufacture method of the present invention of accompanying drawing 3 manufacturing processes, when adopting classical production process, create conditions and the contrast situation of goods crystal structure.

In accompanying drawing 4, the ratio of mixture that is melted material in " apparent Zn content " and the step 1 shown in the accompanying drawing 3 is relevant, " setting rate during casting " is relevant with the casting condition of step 1 with " speed of cooling after the casting ", and " extrusion temperature " is relevant with the hot-rolled condition of step 2 with " cooling after the extruding ".In accompanying drawing 5, " crystal grain diameter " is meant, step 2 hot rolling stops the crystal grain diameter (crystal grain diameter of the finished product also becomes identical in the methods of the invention) of back square billet, " the β phase ratio during forging ", " forging temperature " " deformation rate and Deformation velocity " are relevant with the forging condition in the step 5, and " yield strength " and " α after the forging, β, γ be ratio mutually " are meant that step 7 makes the numerical value of product.

As shown in Figure 4, compare with traditional method, in the inventive method 1 and 2, the apparent Zn content of brass material higher (addition of Sn is higher in typical case), (speed of cooling during step 1) after setting rate and the casting is faster, and the temperature during hot rolling (step 2) is lower, and the speed of cooling after the extruding is faster (specifically for high temperature forging, be cooled to 400 ℃, with 0.4K/ second or above speed cooling).In addition, though accompanying drawing 4 do not illustrate, in method 1 of the present invention and 2, extruding section decrement be in 90% or more than, preferred 95% or more than.

With the square billet of the inventive method 1 and 2 preparations, as shown in Figure 5, compare with the square billet of traditional method preparation, under the temperature of ploughing, can forge (step 5) with more gross distortion rate and Deformation velocity.Its reason technical characterictic is by inference, as shown in Figure 5, comparing of the square billets of the inventive method 1 and 2 preparations and traditional method preparation, crystal grain diameter is littler, even and contain haggling over suitable proportion that high temperature ductility is also good under the low temperature β causes mutually.Can forge under lower temperature, be favourable from the few viewpoint of forging equipment deterioration.In addition, as shown in Figure 5, with the inventive method 1 and 2 forged products, it increases substantially than traditional forged article.

Accompanying drawing 6 expression the inventive method and traditional method make respectively the forging temperature district of two kinds of square billets (specifically, accompanying drawing 2A～2C illustrated embodiment 10 and reference examples 4) in high temperature ductility.Transverse axis is represented Deformation velocity ε (second-1), and the longitudinal axis is represented deformation rate ε L (%).Compare with reference examples 4, embodiment 10 obviously has excellent high-temperature ductility more.

Below explanation " coefficient is formed in cutting " profitability in embodiments of the present invention.

The result of cutting test is carried out in accompanying drawing 7 expressions with regard to the reference examples 3 shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C, embodiment 8,10,11, quick round brass rod (JIS C-3604) and α phase alpha brass material.In cutting test, as shown in Figure 8,, measured main component with the periphery of lathe with 100 (meters/minute) and two kinds of friction-motion speed cutting circle cylindricality samples 1 of 400 (meters/minute).The cutting resistance coefficient of each sample is that each sample is to the machinability of main component, with respect to the best per-cent of cutting round brass rod master component soon of what is called.

As shown in Figure 7, embodiment 8,10 and 11 cutting resistance coefficient almost reach 90% of quick round brass rod with optimized cutting, and the numerical value of alpha brass is better mutually than reference examples 3 and α.

" erosion resistance " profitability in embodiments of the present invention then is described.

Result shown in accompanying drawing 9 expression accompanying drawing 2A～2C, embodiment 8,10 and the test of reference examples 4 erosion resistances; The method of this erosion resistance test of accompanying drawing 10 expressions.In erosion resistance test, as shown in Figure 10, use inner porose 7 cylinder shaped test piece 5, with 40 meter per second speed water is passed through after this hole to schedule, 4.9 * 10 ⁵Pa (5Kg/cm ²) under the hydraulic pressure, measure mounting torque to the required resin plug 9 of sealing gap 7.As shown in Figure 9 as can be known, embodiment 8,10 compares with reference examples 4, has better erosion resistance.

Specification sheets " anticorrosion stress-resistant disruptiveness (SCC resistance) " is to the profitability of the embodiment of the invention then.

In the SCC resistance test, as shown in Figure 11, in the glass moisture eliminator, under the state to cylinder shaped test piece 13 vertical loading, exposure was observed the disruptive production after 24 hours in the nitrogen vapor atmosphere.Accompanying drawing 12 expression, the test-results of embodiment 8,11,15 shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C and reference examples 4 (principle stress and break between relation).By accompanying drawing 12 as can be known, compare with reference examples 4, embodiment 8,11,15 has better SCC resistance.

As mentioned above, the embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C 1～19 has good characteristic.Such just as already explained, crystallization refinement in the alpha+beta crystal structure of embodiment 16～19 (15 μ m), and utilize the method for adding Sn in mutually at β to improve characteristic is called this type " α+reinforcement β type " below in the brass of the present invention.Embodiment 1～5, and grain refining in α+γ crystal structure, and utilize γ to improve characteristic mutually below is called this type " α+γ type ".Embodiment 6～12, and grain refining in alpha+beta+γ crystal structure, and utilize γ to improve characteristic mutually below is called this type " alpha+beta+γ type ".Embodiment 13～15, utilize the method for crystal grain diameter refinement in the alpha+beta crystal structure to improve characteristic, so following it is called " α+common β type ".

Below will describe the crystal structure and the method for making of three types of brass of the present invention in detail.

At first explanation " α+reinforcement β type ".There is the β phase that contains 1.5 weight % or above Sn in such tissue at the intergranule of α phase.

Accompanying drawing 13 lists 7 kind brass sample No.1～7 relevant with " α+reinforcement β type " (the different brass of enumerating with accompanying drawing 2A～2C).

Accompanying drawing 13 expressions, the result of middle mutually Sn concentration of the composition of sample No.1～7, apparent Zn content, β and erosion resistance (Dezincification corrosion resistant) test.The Sn concentration of β in mutually uses the method for thermal treatment and cooling process to adjust, and has done quantitative analysis with EPMA.The evaluation of erosion resistance is carried out according to the same way as that has illustrated with regard to accompanying drawing 2A～2C.

Accompanying drawing 13 explanation, Sn concentration and the erosion resistance of β in mutually is closely related.That is to say, obtain good anti-corrosion make the Sn concentration of β in mutually reach 1.5 weight % or above be necessary.In the accompanying drawing 13, this condition is satisfied in sample No.3～7, and these brass belong to " α+reinforcement β type ".Point out in passing, reach in 1.5 weight % or the above this brass in the Sn concentration of β in mutually, all Sn concentration of alloy be 0.5 weight % or more than, apparent Zn content is 37 weight % or above and 44 weight % or following.

Thermal treatment of carrying out in manufacturing process and hot worked condition (for example, speed of cooling, thermal treatment temp and heat treatment time) exert an influence to the Sn concentration of β in mutually.Accompanying drawing 14 is that the expression thermal treatment temp is under 550 ℃ the situation, and the cooling time that the arrival after the thermal treatment is 400 ℃ is with the curve that concerns experimental result between the concentration of the Sn of β in mutually.Accompanying drawing 14 explanation reaches 0.4K/ second or above (zone in (1) some left side in the accompanying drawing 14) if begin to cool down to 400 ℃ speed of cooling, then the Sn concentration of β in mutually reach 1.5 weight % or more than.Utilize further test to determine, the upper limit of speed of cooling at least can be up to 1000K/ second.In addition, thermal treatment temp is not only under 550 ℃ occasion, even under the situation of other thermal treatment temp of 510 ℃ and so on, also obtained experimental result same as described above.

Accompanying drawing 15 expression thermal treatment temp (specimen temperature during thermal treatment) and heat treatment times (heat treated hold-time) are to Sn concentration and the area ratio/occupancy ratio of the β phase experimental studies results that influence of β in mutually.

Accompanying drawing 15 explanation, thermal treatment temp is high more, and perhaps heat treatment time is long more, and the Sn concentration of β in mutually is just high more.On the other hand, thermal treatment temp is high more, and perhaps heat treatment time is long more, and the occupation rate of β phase area is just low more.And to be in 475～550 ℃ and heat treatment time be in 30 seconds or the above scope to the thermal treatment temp shown in the accompanying drawing 15 at least, the Sn concentration of β in mutually can reach 1.5 weight % or more than.When prolonging heat treatment time, though the Sn concentration increase of β in mutually improves erosion resistance, heat treated economy consideration from manufacturing process, heat treatment time preferably is no more than 3 hours.

Below " α+γ type " of the present invention and the brass of " alpha+beta γ+type " are described.

Accompanying drawing 16A is the microphotograph of the No.7 of brass sample shown in the aftermentioned accompanying drawing 8 crystal structure.Accompanying drawing 16B is the crystal structure moulded piece figure that makes of 16A with reference to the accompanying drawings.Accompanying drawing 17A is the microphotograph of the No.4 of brass sample shown in the accompanying drawing 18 crystal structure.Accompanying drawing 17B is the moulded piece figure of the crystal structure made of 17A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the crystal structure shown in the accompanying drawing 16A, γ phase (the black part among the figure) is separated out growth at the crystal boundary of α phase crystal grain (white portion among the figure), and β almost disappears mutually.The representative instance of " α+γ type " at this moment of the present invention.In the crystal structure shown in the accompanying drawing 17A, contain α mutually with β mutually, separate out γ phase (part of black among the figure) on the crystal boundary of (among the figure less white portion) crystal grain mutually at α phase (among the figure bigger white portion) and β, β is surrounded mutually.Typical case's representative of " alpha+beta+γ type " at this moment of the present invention.It is the littlest with β median size mutually mutually that the median size of γ phase (being the mean value of minor axis in this case) cans be compared to most α, 8 μ m or following for example, preferred 5 μ m or following.

Accompanying drawing 18 lists 7 kinds of relevant brass sample No.1～No.7 with " α+γ type " of the present invention or " alpha+beta+γ type ".The result of composition, apparent Zn content, γ phase area occupation rate and erosion resistance (Dezincification corrosion resistant) test of accompanying drawing 18 expression sample No.1～No.7, and the Sn concentration of expression γ in mutually.Corrosion resistance test is according to carrying out with regard to the same procedure of accompanying drawing 2A～2C explanation.

Accompanying drawing 18 explanation, if γ phase area occupation rate be in 3.0% or above and 20% or following scope in, then can obtain good anti-corrosion.In the accompanying drawing 18, sample No.3～No.7 satisfies this condition, belongs to " α+γ type " of the present invention or " alpha+beta+γ type ".And distinguish that then high temperature ductility is also good if satisfy above-mentioned condition.

Thermal treatment of carrying out in the manufacturing process or pyroprocessing condition (for example thermal treatment temp and speed of cooling), influential to γ phase area occupation rate.A manufacture method example of accompanying drawing 19 expressions brass ware of the present invention.In the manufacture method of accompanying drawing 19 expressions, it is brass material that sample No.3～No.7 etc. has the Cu-Zn-Sn that forms shown in the accompanying drawing 18, is shaped through high temperature forging and hot rolling etc.And then this molding carried out keeping 30 seconds or above thermal treatment under 400 ℃ or above and 550 ℃ or the following temperature, with 0.4K/ second or above and 10K/ second or following speed this molding is cooled to 400 ℃ then.Utilize this thermal treatment and cooling, the crystal structure of molding is become " α+γ type " or " alpha+beta+γ type ".This molding carried out machining, grinding and plating etc. thereafter.

Point out that in passing in traditional general manufacture method, as shown in Figure 20, when adopting the method for cast form, it is quite a lot of to cast required operation.And in the inventive method shown in the accompanying drawing 19, utilize methods such as high temperature forging and hot rolling to be shaped, so compare with traditional method, the operation number will reduce.

The experimental result that concerns between accompanying drawing 21 expression γ phase area occupation rates and the thermal treatment heat-treat condition.To having the Cu-Zn-Sn series copper alloy that sample No.3 shown in the accompanying drawing 18 forms, studied thermal treatment under the condition of different treatment temperature (specimen temperature) and temperature hold-time, the γ phase area occupation rate after the various thermal treatments.The speed of cooling of thermal treatment postcooling to 400 ℃, when treatment temp is in 425 ℃ or be 0.4～5K/ second when following, treatment temp is in 450 ℃ or be 5～10K/ second when following.

Accompanying drawing 21 explanation, if thermal treatment temp is in 550～400 ℃, soaking time reach 30 seconds or more than, and speed of cooling is in 5～10K/ scope second, then γ phase area occupation rate (%) be in 3.0% or more than.And in a single day thermal treatment temp be higher than 550 ℃, even soaking time prolongs γ phase area occupation rate increased, and the tendency that reduces is arranged on the contrary.So, want to make γ phase area occupation rate (%) reach 3% or more than, thermal treatment temp should be in 550 ℃ or following.And, in 400～450 ℃ of temperature ranges shown in the accompanying drawing 21, during thermal treatment, " α+γ type " crystal structure can be obtained, and in 450～550 ℃ of temperature ranges, during thermal treatment, " alpha+beta+γ type " crystal structure can be obtained.

Below just " tiny crystal grain " describe.In above-mentioned whole embodiment of brass of the present invention, average crystal grain diameter is in 15 μ m or following, preferred 10 μ m or following.Tiny like this crystal grain can forge under the temperature more much lower than the tradition product, and has high temperature ductility (ductility in the forging temperature district) and the quite high advantage of yield strength.

The miniaturization of crystal grain depends on the various conditions in the manufacturing process.For example, in the manufacturing process shown in the accompanying drawing 3, can select following condition in order to make tinyization of crystal grain.At first (step 1), the combined amount of regulating zinc are in the proper range α in the recrystallization temperature district mutually with β ratio mutually, promptly the ratio of β phase is in 30～80% scopes when mixing electrolytic copper, electrolytic zinc and cutting metal carry out melting and casting.β phase ratio is in the above-mentioned scope, is favourable (crystal grain diameter diminishes when producing dynamic recrystallization) for later on producing dynamic recrystallization when hot rolling and the high temperature forging.Then, be quenched to 400 ℃ or following with 5K/ second or above speed, molding in the middle of making in casting with in the process of cooling after solidifying.In this quenching process, crystal grain can tinyization.In addition, the setting rate after the casting is adjusted to 5 * 10～10 ⁵K/ second, preferred 10 ²～10 ⁵In K/ scope second, also be favourable for tinyization of crystal grain.

As other method that helps tinyization of cast sections crystal grain, it is effective adding elements such as B, Fe, Ni, P, Co, Nb, Ti, Zr in raw material.Its adding proportion (weight %) is: B0.005～0.5, Fe0.01～2.0, Ni0.05～0.2, P0.04～0.2, Co0.01～2.0, Nb0.01～0.2, Ti0.01～1.0, Zr0.005～0.5th, and suitable.Especially add P simultaneously with Fe, it is believed that to have collaborative effect this moment.

Then molding in the middle of this is heated in 480～650 (preferred 480～600) ℃ scope, hot rolling is configured as bar or material (step 2) under this temperature.In this extrusion process, make the section decrement reach 90% or the situation of above (preferably reaching more than 95%) under, be effective the lively attitude recrystallize of real estate, can prevent grain coarsening.In the process of cooling behind extrusion molding, be quenched to 400 ℃ or following, also can prevent the alligatoring of crystal grain with 0.4K/ second or above speed.In addition, the Heating temperature of molding in the middle of reducing, and shorten heat-up time, also be effective for the alligatoring that prevents crystal grain.

After this, this bar of cold letter or wire rod are annealed and pickling, cut into predetermined size, obtain forging with blank (step 3).The blank that heating obtains like this is so that guarantee to be suitable for the required characteristic of follow-up forging step.Heating temperature is in 480～750 ℃ of scopes, and utilizes the method that shortens heat-up time to keep tiny crystal grain.

And then heated blank placed forging mold, in 480～750 ℃ of scopes, carry out high temperature forging (step 5) under the temperature.Also be effective for the growth that suppresses coarse grain to keep the tiny degree of crystal grain, to shorten the being heated to forged time this moment.Cool off after the forging, for entering pickling and the step that sandblasts is prepared.Carry out the alligatoring of crystal grain behind the dynamic recrystallization when preventing high temperature forging, make speed of cooling be in 0.4K/ second or more than be favourable.

As mentioned above, in order to make speed of cooling and the extruding condition after grain refining should be noted that casting.At first utilize of the influence of accompanying drawing 22～25 detailed description speed of cooling to grain refining.

Accompanying drawing 22A is that expression will be cast the microscope lens photo that postcooling speed is decided to be the brass material crystal structure of making under the 19K/ condition of second.Accompanying drawing 22B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 22A with reference to the accompanying drawings.Accompanying drawing 23A is the microphotograph that the part of accompanying drawing 22B is amplified.Accompanying drawing 23B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 22A with reference to the accompanying drawings.In addition, accompanying drawing 24A is the microscope lens photo that the speed of cooling of expression after will casting is decided to be brass material crystal structure under the 1.3K/ situation of second.Accompanying drawing 24B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 24A with reference to the accompanying drawings.Accompanying drawing 25A is the microphotograph that the part of accompanying drawing 24A is amplified.Accompanying drawing 25B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 25A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Illustrated as these accompanying drawings, in order to make the speed of cooling after the crystallization refinement should be accelerated to cast.For example, shown in accompanying drawing 23A and B, speed of cooling is decided to be under the 19K/ situation of second, average crystal grain diameter is 15 μ m or following, and almost in universe, all become α mutually with β blended tissue mutually.On the other hand, shown in accompanying drawing 25A and B, when speed of cooling being decided to be under the 1.3K/ situation of second, average crystal grain diameter be 15 μ m or more than, and γ separates out with β crystal boundary mutually mutually at α.Wherein, the mensuration of average crystal grain diameter is to carry out according to the standard of Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).And, distinguish by further experiment, if average crystal grain diameter is in 15 μ m or following, speed of cooling must be decided to be 5K/ second or more than.

Below utilize of the influence of accompanying drawing 26～29 explanation extruding conditions to grain refining.

Accompanying drawing 26A is expression, 550 ℃ of extrusion temperatures, extrusion ratio 50%, the speed of cooling of extruding back forced air-cooling are under the condition such as 30K/ second, extruding Cu58.3 weight %, Sn1.9 weight %, surplus are the brass of Zn, the microphotograph of the bar-shaped extruding product crystal structure of making.Accompanying drawing 26B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 26A with reference to the accompanying drawings.Accompanying drawing 27A is expression, is shaped as cylindrically in forging, and compression method contracts with 1 axial compression, forging rate 50%, 550 ℃ of forging temperatures are forged under the condition such as postcooling speed 20K/ second, forge the microphotograph of the forged article crystal structure that the bar-shaped extruding product of accompanying drawing 26 expressions make.Accompanying drawing 27B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 27A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brass material shown in accompanying drawing 26A and the B, be α mutually and β mixing mutually, the β phase ratio during Forge Heating be in 30% or above and 80% or below, average crystal grain diameter is 15 μ m or following, belongs to " α+reinforcement β type " of the present invention.And shown in accompanying drawing 27A and B, after this brass material forges, crystal grain diameter, α mutually and β mutually ratio and the shape of crystal grain all not have variation.Do not produce in addition yet and forge fracture phenomena.

Accompanying drawing 28A is expression, 550 ℃ of extrusion temperatures, extrusion ratio 50%, the speed of cooling of extruding back forced air-cooling are under the condition such as 30K/ second, extruding has Cu58.7 weight %, Sn2.3 weight %, surplus is the brass that Zn forms, the crystal structure microphotograph of the bar-shaped extruding product of making.Accompanying drawing 28B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 28A with reference to the accompanying drawings.Accompanying drawing 29A is expression, is shaped as cylindrically in forging, and compression method contracts with 1 axial compression, forging rate 50%, 550 ℃ of forging temperatures are forged under the condition such as postcooling speed 20K/ second, forge the bar-shaped extruding product of accompanying drawing 28 expressions, the microphotograph of the forged article crystal structure of making.Accompanying drawing 29B is the moulded piece figure that makes of 29A with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brass material shown in the accompanying drawing 28 also belongs to " α+reinforcement β type " of the present invention.Particularly the Sn content ratio of this material although forged disruptive 1 weight % above thinking in the past to produce significantly, does not still produce the forging fracture phenomena.Its reason causes owing to crystal grain diameter is tiny by inference.

The refinement of crystal grain is effective for obtaining good high-temperature ductility.And the crystal structure in the hot processing temperature district is α phase and β mixed phase mutually, so even β phase ratio is in 30～80% scopes, also can obtain high temperature ductility effectively.Its reason is as follows by inference.

When high temperature forging and hot rolling, in being subjected to the crystal boundary structure of external force, produce distortion.This is that atomic arrangement tanglewracks on the microcosmic, promptly produces dislocation.When producing dynamic recrystallization in the hot-work, because dislocation resets and can relax or eliminate distortion, so can obtain good ductility.Because of the energy of its dynamic recrystallization, be the heat energy of heating and the strain energy that external force produces.α is mutually and in the β mixed structure mutually, and the external force effect produces dislocation because of the stress of α phase particle firmly down in soft beta particle.When α mutually in crystal grain diameter when big, the distortion of (perhaps because big alpha-particle hinders the β crystal grain that produces dislocation to move) β in mutually is in concentration of local.On the other hand, under the tiny situation of the crystallization of α phase, the interior mutually distortion of (perhaps because the crystal boundary of α crystal grain and β intergranule produces slip, β crystal grain being moved) β disperses.For distortion concentrates on local and dispersive situation,, surpass this threshold value recrystallize and can obtain good high-temperature ductility because whole potential of distortion are big.

In addition, it is believed that adding Sn not only can improve the erosion resistance of β phase, but also can improve recrystallize speed.Improve recrystallize speed, with the ductility that improves under the effect of high speed external force.

And fully the processing back produces under the situation of recrystallize, and crystal grain reduces.If utilize the method that improves processing postcooling speed, prevent that dynamic recrystallization from forming the alligatoring of small grains, even also can obtain to keep the superperformance of small grains in the finished product then after processing.

Accompanying drawing 30 explanation and the present invention's the 4th type brass, under the normal temperature when final crystal structure, hot-work () the crystal structure optimum condition relevant with composition in recrystallization temperature the district in.The representative condition of high temperature extruding when the representative condition during the initial cast brass of accompanying drawing 31 explanation and this brass material of hot rolling obtain final composition the shown in the accompanying drawing 30.Accompanying drawing 32 illustrates high temperature extrusion brass materials, and then obtains under the final composition situation extruding and forged representative condition through high temperature forging.Accompanying drawing 33 explanation is carried out the high temperature extruding with brass material, and then when doing high temperature forging and thermal treatment and finally being formed, about extruding, forging and heat treated representative condition.

Below, with reference to accompanying drawing 30～33, the yellow crystal structure of the present invention, composition and typical method for making are described.

(1) about the crystal structure under the normal temperature

" α+γ type " brass has α+γ crystal structure.α phase area ratio is 97～70%, and γ phase area ratio is 3～30%; Preferred α phase area ratio is 95～70%, and the area ratio of γ phase is that 5～30%. α phase average particle diameters are 15 μ m or following, preferred 10 μ m or following; γ phase average particle diameter (being minor axis at this moment) is 8 μ m or following, preferred 5 μ m or following.According to microphotograph, on α phase crystal boundary, separate out γ phase thin layer (thickness 8 μ m or following).γ phase Sn concentration 8 weight % or more than, among the embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C 1～5, be 14～18% for example.

" alpha+beta+γ type " brass has alpha+beta+γ crystal structure.α phase area ratio is 40～94%, β mutually with γ mutually the area ratio of each phase be 3～30%.For example, among the embodiment 6～12 shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C, α is 65～82.5% mutually, and β is 9.8～13.4% mutually, and γ is 4～24% mutually.α is 15 μ m or following with β median size mutually, preferred 10 μ m or following; γ phase average particle diameter (being minor axis at this moment) is 8 μ m or following, preferred 5 μ m or following.According to microphotograph, form the crystallization that γ phase thin layer (thickness 8 μ m or following) surrounds the β phase.γ phase Sn concentration is not less than 8 weight %, among the embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C 6～12, is 11～13.4% for example.

" α+conventional β type " brass is by having the alpha+beta crystal structure.β phase area ratio be 20% or more than, preferred 25% or more than, among the embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C 13～15, be 23.1～25.6% for example.α is 15 μ m or following with β median size mutually, preferred 10 μ m or following.

" α+reinforcement β type " brass has the alpha+beta crystal structure.β phase area ratio be 15% or more than, preferred 20% or more than, among the embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C 16～19, be 23～38% for example.α is 15 μ m or following with β median size mutually, preferred 10 μ m or following.β phase Sn concentration be 1.5 weight % or more than, among the embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C 16～19, be 2.5～7.1% for example.

(2) about hot worked (in the recrystallization temperature district) crystal structure

The brass of all types all has the alpha+beta crystal structure, and β phase area ratio is 30～80%.α is 15 μ m or following with β median size mutually, preferred 10 μ m or following.In fact α crystal grain exist with homodisperse form.

About forming (accompanying drawing 30)

In " α+γ type " and " alpha+beta+γ type " brass, apparent Zn content is 37～46 weight %, in order to obtain preferred 38～46 weight % of good hot rolling performance.All Sn content is 0.9～7 weight %.For example shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C among the embodiment 1～5 of " α+γ type ", apparent Zn content is 37.8～44 weight %, and all Sn content is 1～5 weight %.In addition, among the embodiment 6～12 of " alpha+beta+γ type ", apparent Zn content is 41.5～44% weight, and all Sn content is 1.5～3.5% weight.

In " α+conventional β type " brass, apparent Zn content is 37～44 weight %, in order to obtain preferred 38～44 weight % of good hot rolling performance.For example among the embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C 13～15, apparent Zn content is 41.8～44 weight %.All Sn content is below the 0.5 weight %.

In " α+reinforcement β type " brass, apparent Zn content is 37～44 weight %, in order to obtain preferred 38～44 weight % of good hot rolling performance.All Sn content is 0.5～7 weight %.For example shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C among " the embodiment 16～19, apparent Zn content is 40.1～42.6 weight %.All Sn content is 0.8～3.6 weight %.

(5) about casting condition (accompanying drawing 31)

Setting rate during casting is 5 * 10 ¹～10 ⁵K/ second, preferred value is 10 ²～10 ⁵K/ second.Not forming amorphous setting rate higher limit is 10 ⁵K/ second.Solidify postcooling to 400 ℃ or following speed of cooling and be 5K/ second or more than.

(6) obtain finally to organize hot-rolled condition under the situation about hot rolling

Hot-rolled temperature is 480～650 ℃, preferred 480～600 ℃.The section decrement be 90% or more than, preferred 95% or more than.Hot rolling postcooling to 400 ℃ or following speed of cooling for " α+γ type ", " alpha+beta+γ type " and " α+conventional β type ", are respectively: 0.4～5K/ second, 0.4～10K/ second and 0.4 ℃/second or more than; And " α+reinforcement β type " is 5～1000K/ second.For example, shown in accompanying drawing 2A～2C embodiment in, speed of cooling when making " α+γ type " (embodiment 1～5), " alpha+beta+γ type " (embodiment 6～12) and " α+conventional β type " (embodiment 13～15) is 0.8K/ second (air cooling), and the speed of cooling when making " α+reinforcement β type " is 100K/ second (water-cooled).

(7) finally organized hot rolling and forge hot condition under the situation about high temperature forging

Speed of cooling after hot-rolled condition and the extruding is irrelevant, is the 0.4 above this point before being cooled to below 400 ℃, with top (6) middle illustrate identical.

Hot forging temperature is 480～750 ℃, is 500～600 ℃ in accompanying drawing 2A～2C illustrated embodiment for example.Forged Deformation velocity is more than 1/ second.Speed of cooling after the forging is with just the extruding back is described identical in top (6).

(8) finally organized hot rolling, forge hot and heat treated condition (accompanying drawing 33) under the situation about thermal treatment

Hot-rolled condition is identical with top (7) middle explanation.The forge hot condition is except speed of cooling (irrelevant with type) was cooled off this point with 0.4 above speed before being cooled to 400 ℃, with top (7) middle illustrate identical.

Do not need thermal treatment (that is, forge, can obtain the final composition of " α+conventional β type ") under the situation of manufacturing " α+conventional β type " brass according to above-mentioned condition.With regard to hot thermal treatment temp and soaking time, " α+γ type ", " alpha+beta+γ type " and " α+reinforcement β type " are respectively: 400～550 ℃ 30 seconds or more than, 450～550 ℃ 30 seconds or more than and 475～550 ℃ 30 seconds or more than.Speed of cooling after the thermal treatment is with identical with regard to what illustrate after the extruding in top (6).

Though more than just the representative instance of brass of the present invention and manufacture method thereof describe, its aim is to illustrate the present invention all the time, is not subjected to a bit restriction of these embodiment.Though the principle of the invention typically is applicable to brass, also can be applicable to brass alloy in addition.

6, the possibility of utilizing on the industry

Alpha+beta+γ of the present invention, α+γ, α+conventional β and α+reinforcement β type brass, The parts, sanitary ware, various the connecing that contact with water except being used for valve and water halter etc. The building materials such as head, pipe, glass wares, door and handle, family's electrical article etc. use in the past the purposes such as brass it It is former thereby use yellow because of surface accuracy, corrosion resistance, dimensional accuracy etc. to be used for the past at home and abroad, Beyond the copper on the goods of material. As using brass of the present invention as the parts that contact with water, can With the metal parts that lists the usefulness such as hydrant, water heater and warm water washing toilet seat, water pipe, adapter and Valve etc. Several instantiations below are described.

The water halter metalwork of brass of the present invention is used in accompanying drawing 34 expressions. Withstand voltage little by outlet pressure Tube connector 23, outlet pipe 25 is connected on the withstand voltage high body of inlet pressure 21. Body 21 Minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) be more than the 0.2mm, the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) of tube connector and outlet pipe is 0.1mm. Accompanying drawing 35 are illustrated in other examples, use the bend pipe 29 and water pipe 27 phases made by forged article of the present invention Connect. In another example of accompanying drawing 36 expressions, the connection of being made by forged article of the present invention will be used Metalwork 33 is received shower nozzle with on the flexible pipe. In accompanying drawing 37 other examples of expression, pipe arrangement 35,37 And the joint between 39 41, can use brass forged article of the present invention.

Among accompanying drawing 38,39 and 40, expression be the hot water machine parts that use brass of the present invention. Accompanying drawing 38 is sectional drawings of expression hot water machine integral body. As shown in Figure 38, be connected water inlet pipe 51 On pressure-reducing valve, be connected the flow pipe 55 that pressure-reducing valve 53 therewith links to each other on overflow valve 57, Used brass of the present invention. Specifically, the valve casing 61 in the pressure-reducing valve 53 shown in the accompanying drawing 39 With valve handle 63 (dash area), and the valve body 71 in the overflow valve 57 shown in the accompanying drawing 40 (dash area) all used brass of the present invention.

Because the corrosion resistance of brass of the present invention and acid resistance are all good, so connect with water as above-mentioned During the parts that touch, the variation of time lengthening of the intensity of this contact wet part year is little. In addition, owing to this Bright brass not only corrosion resistance and acid-proof but also intensity is big, thus with the wall of water contact component Thick can make thin. Specifically, in the JIS of water halter standard, require to bear connecing of intake pressure Touch the withstand voltage metal parts of water, withstand voltage properties reaches 17.5Kg/cm² This withstand voltage properties requirement, really Must consider when deciding the wall thickness of water contact component through the time corrosiveness wall thickness that causes reduce. In the past, right In the cylindric water halter metal parts of 100mm, its minimum wall thickness is decided to be 1.0～1.5mm minimum wall thickness can be decided to be 0.8～1.2mm when using brass of the present invention in contrast to this.

In addition, because the machinability of brass of the present invention is good, so can shorten the machining time; And Yin Gaowen ductility is good, moves to left to forge to wait to add can be shaped at short notice man-hour. Owing to can forge Cause shape, so the free degree of design also increases. High temperature ductility is good, and can 600 ℃ with Cryogenic forging under the lower temperature so the precision of forged article and surface accuracy also improve, does not have oxygen in addition Change film.

Alpha+beta+γ of the present invention, α+γ, α+conventional β and α+reinforcement β type brass Purposes is extremely wide, can be listed below, and comprising the article that use in the past brass, uses in the past stainless The article of other metals of steel and so on, and the article that use in the past nonmetallic materials.

(1) raw material, intermediate, final products and assembly

The brass material of the various shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, Final products, its assembly, and the combination product of being combined with other materials. Utilize welding, melting welding, Soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-working, forging, extruding, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material Shaping, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, The brass material that the various processing methods such as powder processing, various machining and attrition process are made, in Between goods, final products, its assembly and with the combination product of other materials combination. Through metal The various surfaces such as processing, surperficial cure process, the processing of nonmetal overlay film and application are processed, changed into to overlay film The brass material that processing is made, intermediate, final products, its assembly and and other materials The combination product of combination.

(2) Transport Machinery parts

(2-1) be used for the parts of automobile and cart

Drive disk assembly, such as synchromesh gear, bearing etc. Engine components, for example the timing gear, Pulley, bearing, shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, blast pipe, seal washer, nozzle, cluster engine etc. Radiator, for example pipe joint. Car body. Extraneous adornment product, for example moulded parts, door handle and wiper Deng. Internal part, such as instrument, alarm etc. The drivetrain parts, for example tire valve, axletree, Wheel shaft etc. Brake parts is such as shaft coupling etc. The steering parts, such as shaft coupling, gear etc. Empty Accent machine parts are such as pipe joint etc. Suspension systems components is such as bearing etc. The oil pressure pump parts, example Such as the pump housing, valve, piston etc.

(2-2) small-sized and large ship parts

Engine components, for example timing gear, pulley, bearing, shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, row Tracheae, seal washer, nozzle, cluster engine etc. Hull. The boat-carrying parts, for example the place railing, Moulded parts, door handle, mast etc. The drivetrain parts, such as screw, propeller, axle etc. Meter The measuring appratus parts, such as housing, handle etc. The steering parts. The air conditioner parts. Oil pressure pump parts etc.

(2-3) rail truck parts

Engine components, for example timing gear, pulley, bearing, shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, row Tracheae, seal washer, nozzle, cluster engine etc. Motor component, for example housing, bearing, cold But pipe joint etc. Drive disk assembly, such as synchromesh gear, bearing etc. Radiator, for example pipe joint. Car body. The extraneous adornment product, such as moulded parts, door handle and wiper etc. Inside components, for example instrument Table, alarm, handrail etc. The drivetrain parts, such as tire valve, axletree, wheel shaft etc. Brake Part is such as shaft coupling etc. The steering parts, such as oil pressure pipe joint, gear, handle etc. Air-conditioning The machine parts are such as pipe joint etc. Suspension systems components is such as bearing etc. The oil pressure pump parts, for example The pump housing, valve, piston etc. The pantograph parts are such as shaft coupling etc. Stringing parts, for example pipe joint Deng.

(2-4) aircraft, spaceship, elevator, game are taken and are used parts

(3) industrial machine parts

(3-1) construction Machines parts

Engine components, for example timing gear, pulley, bearing, shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, row Tracheae, seal washer, nozzle, cluster engine etc. Motor component, for example housing, bearing, cold But pipe joint etc. Drive disk assembly, such as synchromesh gear, bearing etc. Heat sink assembly, for example pipe Joint. External decorating member, such as moulded parts, door handle and wiper etc. Inside components, for example Instrument, alarm, handrail etc. Brake parts is such as shaft coupling etc. Steering parts, for example oil pressure Pipe joint, gear, handle etc. The air conditioner parts are such as pipe joint etc. Suspension systems components, example Such as bearing etc. The oil pressure pump parts, such as the pump housing, valve, piston etc.

(3-2) bonding machine parts

Gas bonding machine parts are such as welding gun etc. The arc welding machine parts are such as welding gun etc. The plasma welding machine parts are such as welding gun etc.

(3-3) metal die and parts thereof

(3-4) roller path parts

(3-5) bearing, gear

(3-6) parts that machinery slides such as connect synchronously

(3-7) heat exchanger parts

Boiler component, such as body of heater, valve etc. Solar water heater parts, for example body, valve Deng.

(4) musical instrument part

(4-1) keyboard instrument part The piano part, such as pedal, shaft coupling etc. Electric organ part, for example pedal, shaft coupling Joint etc. The organ part, such as pedal, shaft coupling, resonating tube etc.

(4-2) wind instrument part

Small size part, such as body, piston, lever, shaft coupling etc. The trombone part, for example body, Piston, lever, shaft coupling etc. The brass bugle part, such as body, piston, lever, shaft coupling etc. The clarinet part, such as piston, lever, shaft coupling etc. The Bassoon part, for example piston, lever, Shaft coupling etc.

(4-3) percussion instrument part

The drum part, such as support, big cymbals etc. The big drum part, such as support, bronze drum parts etc. Wood The qin part, such as resonating tube, support etc.

(5) electrical apparatus product parts

(5-1) audio-visual appliances parts

Amplifier, vide player, cassette tape player, CD player and LD player Parts, such as adjusting knob, bearing, loudspeaker cone etc.

(5-2) gas, liquid control machine parts

The indoor air conditioner parts, such as pipe joint, cooling medium pipe, valve etc. Hot water machine and electric hot water Device parts, for example housing, hot water storing containers, gas pipe arrangement, gas nozzle, burner, decompression Valve, overflow valve, proportioning valve, magnetic valve, pump parts etc. Household heater and room cooler parts, Such as gasifier, cooling medium pipe, service valve, oil pipe nut etc.

(5-3) family's electrical article parts

Part of washing machine, such as washing agent casing, sink etc.

(5-4) sewing machine, braider parts

(5-5) game product parts

The pachinko parts. The automatic vending machine parts.

(5-6) outdoor electric article component

The automatic vending machine parts, such as coin slot, Coin acceptor etc.

(5-7) electrical equipment, electronic circuit parts

Control substrate, printed circuit board (PCB), distribution board electrode, switch part, resistor part, power supply Plug part, lamp socket, lamp socket part, sparking electrode, water logging electrode, copper cash, battery-end Son, housing and soft solder etc.

(6) dwelling house articles for use

(6-1) building materials

Exterior decoration building materials, building material made, skirting, reinforcing bar, steelframe etc.

(6-2) furring product

Door part, such as door skirting, handle, pile, moulded parts, hinge etc. The door part, example Such as door pillar, door leaf, moulded parts, hinge etc. The fence parts, such as fence body, moulded parts etc. The chamber The outer lamp part, such as lamp housing, lampshade, lamppost etc. Shutter, terrace fence is posted bucket, rainwater Pipe, drain tub, roof, automatic water sprayer, flexible pipe.

(6-3) interior decoration product

Armrest member, such as handrail tube, pipe joint etc. Door part, for example handle, pile, molded Part, hinge etc. Kitchen articles, such as gas range burner, operating desk panel etc. Bathhouse article, Such as admission port orifice plate, draining valve, draining valve ball chain, watering plate etc. The washroom articles for use, for example solid Decide metal parts, towel bar of table top etc. The room articles for use, for example chandelier parts, illuminace component, Decoration etc. The lavatory articles for use are such as the skirting of outer wall between the lavatory etc. Furniture parts, for example chair The adjusting nut of angle, desk angle, desktop, hinge, handle, guide rail, shelf etc.

(6-3) sacrificial place, niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use

Handrail members, such as handrail tube, tube connector etc. Niche for a statue of Buddha parts, for example the figure of buddha, moulded parts, Candlestick, clock etc.

(7) precision instrument part

(7-1) optical instrument and mensuration, measuring instrument part

The part of camera, telescope, microscope and electron microscope, for example matrix, support, mirror Head capsule etc.

(7-2) timepiece

The parts of wrist-watch, wall clock and desk clock, such as clock body, pointer, moulded parts, gear, pendulum etc.

(8) writing appliance and office appliance

Writing utensil equipped, such as ball pen, pencil-knife etc. Scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, figure Nail, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, telephone frame parts, Book-end, puncher part, stapler part, pencil cutting machine part and cabinet etc.

(9) supplying drainage, valve and water halter articles for use

Drain plug, polyvinyl chloride hard Pipe joint, draining are enough, bend pipe, pipe joint, hose coupling are used Bellows, plumbing piston, valve, closet with adpting flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, Valve cup ring, sealing nut, KCP connecting leg, water tank, shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose coupling, water bolt Body, water bolt metalwork, valve body, ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt, two of heat Valve wall water bolt, two valve seat water bolts, spout, UB bend pipe, mixing valve etc.

(10) ornament, furnishings

Ear nail, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, robe use Metalwork, footwear metalwork, clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, belt metalwork etc. Ornament and furnishings.

(11) sporting goods, weapon

Golf club's articles for use, for example long handle of golf club, bar head, ト ウ, ヒ-Le, ソ-Le etc.Dumbbell, barbell, speedboat skeleton, horse-vaulting device frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, ski frenulum, diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, bike blockchain, tent holding appliance, pistol part, rifle part, firelock part, daggers and swords part, bullet etc.

(12) jar, container

The jar and the container of splendid attire food, beverage, fuel, coating, powder, liquids and gases etc.

(13) medical apparatus

Bedstead, scalpel, endoscope part, dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, surgical instrument part, therapeutic appliance part etc.

(14) instrument, farm implements and building apparatus

Pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop etc.

(15) cooker, small stores

Pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ return, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can etc.

(16) groceries, horticultural apparatus, small article

Teacup, replica, lighter, candlestick, character goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, eyes frame, nail clipper, pachinko ball, worm cage, umbrella, Jian Shan, pin, pruning scissors, gardening pillar, gardening support, gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box, roller etc.

Claims (152)

1, a kind of metallic substance, the distortion of its crystal structure metallic crystal when being subjected to external force deformation is disperseed, and becomes the energy of above-mentioned metal recrystallize because of the energy of deformation of distortion generation.

2, a kind of manufacture method of metal products, comprising under the following conditions metallic substance being carried out hot worked operation: produce the strain energy of distortion of the metallic crystal of distortion when representing hot-work because of external force with SE, and when representing hot-work with TE heating when heat energy that metallic crystal is given:

The required minimum energy of metallic crystal recrystallize of SE+TE＞distortion

The essential energy of the institute of grain coarsening under TE＜no external force state.

3, according to the manufacture method of the described metal products of claim 2, wherein the crystal structure of said metallic substance is produced when being out of shape by the external force effect, and the distortion of metallic crystal produces and disperses.

4, a kind of metallic substance, this metallic substance has and comprises softer first kind of crystallization and second kind of harder crystalline crystal structure, and said second kind of crystallization is very fine in its crystalline structure, be subjected to external force to do the time spent, because of the intercrystalline slip between said first kind of crystallization and the second kind of crystallization, the distortion that produces in said first kind of crystallization is disperseed.

5,, wherein contain decision above-mentioned first kind and second kind of soft hard necessary at least two kinds of metallic element of crystallization, and solid solution there is the third required element of the recrystallize speed of raising in said first kind of crystallization according to the described metallic substance of claim 4.

6, according to the described metallic substance of claim 4, wherein said the third element is solid-solubilized in above-mentioned first kind of crystallization with displaced type, and has approximate atomic radius with above-mentioned two kinds of metallic elements.

7, according to claim 5 or 6 described metallic substance, wherein said two kinds of metallic crystals are crystallizations of copper and zinc.

8, according to the described metallic substance of claim 7, wherein said the third element is Sn.

9, a kind of metallic substance one of meets the following conditions at least, and is not damaged when Deformation velocity produced 200% distortion with 0.1/ second promptly in the recrystallization temperature district, and not damaged when Deformation velocity produces 100% distortion with 1/ second.

10, a kind of metallic substance one of meets the following conditions at least, and is promptly in the recrystallization temperature district, not damaged when Deformation velocity produced above 200% distortion with 0.01/ second, and has the SCC resistance that can satisfy following three conditions under the normal temperature:

(1) be benchmark with the round brass rod of cutting soon that meets the JIS C-3604 of Japanese Industrial Standards, the cutting resistance coefficient is in more than 80;

(2) stretch the technological standard JBMA T-303 of copper association according to Japan and carry out Dezincification corrosion when test, under the maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction situation parallel with machine direction, the maximum dezincify degree of depth is below the 100 μ m; And under maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction and the vertical situation of machine direction, the maximum dezincify degree of depth is below the 70 μ m;

When (3) exposure in the ammonia atmosphere gas of cylindrical sample above 14% ammonia soln being loaded after 24 hours, said sample not disruptive maximum stress is in 180N/mm ²More than.

11, a kind of brass is characterized in that one of meeting the following conditions at least, promptly in the recrystallization temperature district, produces when surpassing 200% distortion not damagedly with 0.01/ second Deformation velocity, and produces when surpassing 600% distortion not damaged with 0.001/ second Deformation velocity.

12, a kind of brass has the alpha+beta crystal structure in the recrystallization temperature district, the crystal structure in this recrystallization temperature district satisfies following full terms:

(A1) β phase area ratio is 30～80%,

(A2) α mutually with above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually below 15 μ m, below the preferred 10 μ m, and

(A3) above-mentioned α disperses to exist mutually.

13, according to the described brass of claim 12, have α+γ crystal structure under the normal temperature, the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(B1) γ phase area ratio is 3～30%, is preferably 5～30%,

(B2) α phase average crystal grain diameter is below the 15 μ m, be preferably below the 10 μ m,

(B3) above-mentioned γ phase average crystal grain diameter (minor axis) is below the 8 μ m, be preferably below the 5 μ m, and

(B4) on above-mentioned α phase crystal boundary, there is above-mentioned γ phase.

14, according to the described brass of claim 12, have alpha+beta+γ crystal structure under the normal temperature, the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(B1) α phase area ratio is 40～94%,

(B2) β amounts to 3～30% with γ area ratio mutually mutually

(B3) above-mentioned α with below above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, is preferably below the 10 μ m mutually, and

(B4) the average crystal grain minor axis of above-mentioned γ phase is below the 8 μ m, is preferably below the 5 μ m.

15, according to claim 13 or 14 described brass, the crystal structure under the wherein said normal temperature also satisfies following full terms:

(B5) contain the above Sn of 8 weight % at above-mentioned γ in mutually, and

(B6) above-mentioned γ surrounds above-mentioned β phase mutually.

16, according to the described brass of claim 15, the crystal structure under the wherein said normal temperature also meets the following conditions:

(B7) thickness of the above-mentioned γ phase layer of the above-mentioned β phase of encirclement is below the 8 μ m, is preferably below the 5 μ m.

17, according to the described brass of claim 12, have the alpha+beta crystal structure under the normal temperature, the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(B1) β phase area ratio is more than 20%, and is preferred more than 25%, and

(B2) above-mentioned α is mutually with below above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, below the preferred 10 μ m.

18, according to the described brass of claim 12, have the alpha+beta crystal structure under the normal temperature, the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(B1) β phase area ratio is more than 15%, and is preferred more than 20%, and

(B2) above-mentioned α is mutually with below above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, below the preferred 10 μ m, and

(B3) above-mentioned β contains the above Sn of 1.5 weight % mutually.

19, a kind of manufacture method of brass, comprising: cast the step of making brassing under the following conditions and above-mentioned brassing be heated to step till the recrystallization temperature:

(1) the apparent Zn content of raw material composition is 37～46 weight %,

Setting rate when (2) casting is 5 * 10 ¹～10 ⁵K/ second, be preferably 5 * 10 ²～10 ⁵K/ second, and

(3) speed of cooling after solidifying: be cooled to below 400 ℃ with the speed of 5K/ more than second.

20, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 19, wherein also be included in 480～650 ℃, in preferred 480～600 ℃ of temperature ranges, to the hot-extrudable step of making hot-extrudable of brass of above-mentioned brassing.

21, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 20, wherein also be included in above-mentioned hot-extrudable after, with the speed of 0.4K/ more than second, hot-extrudable of above-mentioned brass is cooled to 400 ℃ of cooling steps below the temperature.

22, a kind of manufacture method of brass, this method have the brass material that hot-extrudable apparent Zn content is 37～46 weight % under following condition and make the step that brass is extruded part,

Temperature when (1) extruding is 480～650 ℃, in preferred 480～600 ℃ of temperature ranges, and

The section decrement is more than 90% when (2) extruding, and is preferred more than 95%.

23, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 22, wherein also comprise the speed more than second with 0.4K/, hot-extrudable of above-mentioned brass is cooled to 400 ℃ of first cooling steps below the temperature.

24, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 23, wherein also be included in after above-mentioned first cooling step, with hot-extrudable reheat of above-mentioned brass, in 480～750 ℃ of temperature models, carry out high temperature forging, make the step of brass forging.

25, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 24, wherein the Deformation velocity of said high temperature forging is 1/ second.

26, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 25, wherein also be included in carry out said high temperature forging after, said brass forging is cooled to second cooling step below 400 ℃ with 4K/ speed second.

27, according to the manufacture method of claim 23 or 26 described brass, Sn content is 0.9～7 weight % in the wherein said brass material, in first and second cooling steps, has a step at least with 0.4～5K/ speed of cooling second, is cooled to below 400 ℃.

28, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 26, Sn content is 0.9～7 weight % in the wherein said brass material, but also comprise a heat treatment step, promptly, behind above-mentioned second cooling step, heat said brass forging, under 400～550 ℃ of temperature, keep more than 30 seconds, be cooled to step below 400 ℃ with 0.4～5K/ speed of cooling second then.

29, according to the manufacture method of claim 23 or 26 described brass, Sn content is 0.9～7 weight % in the wherein said brass material, has a step in first and second cooling steps at least, is cooled to below 400 ℃ with 0.4～5K/ speed of cooling second.

30, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 26, wherein also comprise a heat treatment step, be that Sn content is 0.9～7 weight % in the said brass material, behind the second above-mentioned cooling step, heat said brass forging, under 450～550 ℃ of temperature, keep more than 30 seconds, be cooled to step below 400 ℃ with 0.4～10K/ speed of cooling second then.

31, according to the manufacture method of claim 23 or 26 described brass, Sn content is 0.5～7 weight % in the wherein said brass material, apparent Zn content is 37～44 weight %, in first and second cooling steps, have a step at least, be cooled to below 400 ℃ with 5～1000K/ speed of cooling second.

32, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 26, wherein also comprise a heat treatment step, be that Sn content is 0.9～7 weight % in the said brass material, apparent Zn content is 37～44 weight %, behind the second above-mentioned cooling step, heat said brass forging, under 475～550 ℃ of temperature, keep more than 30 seconds, be cooled to step below 400 ℃ with 5～1000K/ speed of cooling second then.

33, a kind of manufacture method of brass, comprising the step that with apparent Zn content is the brass material heating postcooling of 37～46 weight %, with control Heating temperature for the cooled crystal structure of above-mentioned brass material can be selected in α+γ, alpha+beta and alpha+beta+γ, the step of heating one of hold-time and speed of cooling.

34, according to the manufacture method of the brass described in the claim 33, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned controlled step, under same above-mentioned Heating temperature and hold-time condition, accelerate above-mentioned speed of cooling according to the order of α+γ, alpha+beta+γ and alpha+beta.

35, an Albatra metal-is characterized in that having following parameter value: with the round brass rod of cutting soon that meets the JISC-3604 of Japanese Industrial Standards is that the cutting resistance coefficient of benchmark is higher than 80,0.2% yield strengths or yielding stress is 300N/mm ²More than.

36,, it is characterized in that it being brass according to the copper alloy of claim 35.

37, an Albatra metal-is characterized in that having the SCC resistance that meets the following conditions: exposure is after 24 hours in the ammonia atmosphere gas above 14% ammonia soln with cylindrical sample under loading, and said sample not disruptive maximum stress is in 180N/mm ²More than.

38,, it is characterized in that it being brass according to the copper alloy of claim 37.

39, a kind of brass, it is characterized in that having and be higher than 80 cutting resistance coefficient, and has at least an erosion resistance that satisfies with next condition: when stretching the technological standard JBMA T-303 of copper association and carry out the Dezincification corrosion test according to Japan, the maximum dezincify degree of depth under the maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction situation parallel with machine direction is below the 100 μ m, and the maximum dezincify degree of depth under maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction and the vertical situation of machine direction is below the 70 μ m.

40,, it is characterized in that average crystal grain diameter is in below the 15 μ m, below the preferred 10 μ m according to the copper alloy of claim 36,38 or 39.

41, according to the described brass of claim 40, it is characterized in that wherein containing the α phase, and be present in α mutually in the crystal boundary and the part softer mutually than α.

42, according to the described brass of claim 41, it is characterized in that wherein said softer part, be Pb or Bi.

43, according to the described brass of claim 40, it is characterized in that wherein containing the α phase, and be present in α mutually in the crystal boundary and the part harder mutually than α.

44,, it is characterized in that wherein said harder part is crystallization according to the described brass of claim 43.

45,, it is characterized in that said harder part is the γ phase according to the described brass of claim 44.

46,, it is characterized in that said γ is the γ phase that contains the above Sn of 8 weight % mutually according to the described brass of claim 45.

47,, it is characterized in that said harder part is an intermetallic compound according to the described brass of claim 43.

48,, it is characterized in that wherein having being included as the β phase that makes erosion resistance improve required element according to the described brass of claim 40.

49,, it is characterized in that said β contains the above Sn of 1.5 weight % mutually according to the described brass of claim 48.

50, according to the described brass of claim 40, it is characterized in that wherein having the β phase, with surround said β mutually crystal grain and than the better part of said β phase erosion resistance.

51,, it is characterized in that wherein being crystallization than the better part of said β phase erosion resistance according to the described brass of claim 50.

52,, it is characterized in that wherein being the γ phase that contains the above Sn of 8 weight % than the better part of said β phase erosion resistance according to the described brass of claim 51.

53,, it is characterized in that wherein having the γ phase that is included as the required element of raising erosion resistance according to the described brass of claim 40.

54,, it is characterized in that wherein said γ contains the above Sn of 8 weight % mutually according to the described brass of claim 53.

55, according to claim 53 or 54 described brass, it is characterized in that wherein said γ phase, be present on the crystal boundary of other crystallization phasess bigger, and the average crystallite minor axis of said γ phase is in below the 8 μ m than said γ phase diameter.

56, according to any one described brass in the claim 53～55, it is characterized in that wherein surrounding the γ phase layer thickness of said β phase, be in below the 8 μ m.

57, according to any one described brass in the claim 40～56, be applicable to water tube component.

58, a kind of brass is characterized in that having α+γ crystal structure under the normal temperature, and the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(1) γ phase area ratio is 3～30%, is preferably 3～30%,

(2) α phase average crystal grain diameter is below the 15 μ m, be preferably below the 10 μ m,

(3) above-mentioned γ phase average crystal grain diameter (minor axis) is below the 8 μ m, be preferably below the 5 μ m,

(4) on above-mentioned α phase crystal boundary, there is above-mentioned γ phase, and

(5) the middle mutually Sn concentration of above-mentioned γ is more than the 8 weight %.

59, a kind of brass is characterized in that having alpha+beta+γ crystal structure under the normal temperature, and the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(1) β is more than 3% with γ area ratio mutually mutually,

(2) α with below β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, is preferably below the 10 μ m mutually,

(3) above-mentioned γ phase average crystal grain minor axis is below the 8 μ m, be preferably below the 5 μ m,

(4) above-mentioned γ surrounds above-mentioned β phase mutually, and

(5) the middle mutually Sn concentration of above-mentioned γ is more than the 8 weight %.

60, a kind of brass is characterized in that having the alpha+beta crystal structure under the normal temperature, and the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(1) β phase area ratio is more than 20%, to be preferably more than 25%, and

(2) α with below above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, is preferably below the 10 μ m mutually.

61, a kind of brass is characterized in that having the alpha+beta crystal structure under the normal temperature, and the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(1) β phase area ratio is more than 15%, be preferably more than 20%,

(2) α with below above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, is preferably below the 10 μ m mutually, and

(3) the middle mutually Sn concentration of above-mentioned β is more than the 1.5 weight %.

62, a kind of manufacture method of brass is characterized in that having and casts the step of making brassing under the following conditions:

(1) the apparent Zn content of raw material composition is 37～46 weight %,

Setting rate when (2) casting is 5 * 10 ¹～10 ⁵K/ second, be preferably 5 * 10 ²～10 ⁵K/ second, and

(3) speed of cooling after solidifying: be cooled to below 400 ℃ with the speed of 5K/ more than second.

63, it is that 0.5～7 weight % and apparent Zn content are that the brass material of 37～46 weight % is made the step that brass is extruded part that a kind of manufacture method of brass, this method have under following condition hot-extrudable Sn concentration,

Temperature when (1) extruding is 480～650 ℃, in preferred 480～600 ℃ of temperature ranges, and

The section decrement is more than 90% when (2) extruding, and is preferred more than 95%.

64, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 63, wherein also be included in above-mentioned hot-extrudable after, with the speed of 0.4K/ more than second, with hot-extrudable cooling step that is cooled to below 400 ℃ of above-mentioned brass.

65, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 64, after wherein also being included in above-mentioned first cooling step, with hot-extrudable reheat of above-mentioned brass, under 480-750 ℃ of temperature, carry out high temperature forging with Deformation velocity more than 1/ second, make the step of brass forging.

66, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 65, wherein also be included in above-mentioned high temperature forging after, with 4K/ speed second above-mentioned brass forging is cooled to second cooling step below 400 ℃.

67, according to the manufacture method of any one described brass in the claim 64～66, it is characterized in that Sn content is 0.9～7 weight % in the wherein said brass material, in first and second cooling steps, have a step at least with 0.4～10K/ speed of cooling of second, be cooled to below 400 ℃.

68, according to the manufacture method of the described brass of claim 66, wherein said brass material Sn content is 0.5～7 weight %, but also comprise a heat treatment step, promptly behind above-mentioned second cooling step, heat said brass forging, under 475～550 ℃ of temperature, keep more than 30 seconds, be cooled to step below 400 ℃ with 5～1000K/ speed of cooling second then.

69, a kind of metal products, wherein use a kind of like this metallic substance, the distortion of metallic crystal when being subjected to external force effect distortion of the crystal structure of this material produces and disperses, and the energy of deformation of distortion generation, can become the required energy of recrystallize of said metallic crystal.

70,, be from following select a kind of according to the described metal products of claim 69: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application handle the metallic substance made, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination.

71, according to the described metal products of claim 69, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, small-sized and large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, transfer roller, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house furring product, dwelling house inside fitting product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision optical machinery, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

72, according to the described metal products of claim 69, it is from following select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

73, a kind of metal products, use the metallic substance one of meet the following conditions to make: not damaged when Deformation velocity produces 200% distortion in the recrystallization temperature district with 0.1/ second, and not damaged when Deformation velocity produces 100% distortion with 1/ second.

74,, be from following select a kind of according to the described metal products of claim 73: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application handle the metallic substance made, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination.

75, according to the described metal products of claim 73, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, small-sized and large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, transfer roller, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house furring product, dwelling house inside fitting product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision optical machinery, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

76, according to the described metal products of claim 73, it is from following select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

77, a kind of metal products, the metallic substance of use satisfy at least with next condition: produce when surpassing 200% distortion not damagedly in the recrystallization temperature district with 0.01/ second Deformation velocity, and have the SCC resistance that can satisfy following three conditions under the normal temperature:

(1) be benchmark with the round brass rod of cutting soon that meets the JIS C-3604 of Japanese Industrial Standards, the cutting resistance coefficient is in more than 80;

(2) stretch the technological standard JBMA T-303 of copper association according to Japan and carry out Dezincification corrosion when test, under the maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction situation parallel with machine direction, the maximum dezincify degree of depth is below the 100 μ m; And under maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction and the vertical situation of machine direction, the maximum dezincify degree of depth is below the 70 μ m;

(3) load down, after exposing 24 hours in the ammonia atmosphere gas of cylindrical sample above 14% ammonia soln, said sample not disruptive maximum stress is in 180N/mm ²More than.

78,, be from following select a kind of according to the described metal products of claim 77: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application handle the metallic substance made, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination.

79, according to the described metal products of claim 77, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, small-sized and large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, transfer roller, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house furring product, dwelling house inside fitting product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision optical machinery, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

80, according to the described metal products of claim 77, it is from following select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

81, a kind of metal products, the brass of use satisfy at least with next condition: produce when surpassing 200% distortion not damagedly in the recrystallization temperature district with 0.01/ second Deformation velocity, and produce when surpassing 600% distortion not damaged with 0.001/ second Deformation velocity.

82, according to the described metal products of claim 81, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application handle the metallic substance made, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination.

83, according to the described metal products of claim 81, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, small-sized and large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, transfer roller, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house furring product, dwelling house inside fitting product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision optical machinery, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

84, according to the described metal products of claim 81, it is from following select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

85, a kind of metal products, use therein brass have the alpha+beta crystal structure in the recrystallization temperature district, and the crystal structure in this recrystallization temperature district satisfies following full terms:

(A1) β phase area ratio is 30～80%,

(A2) α mutually with above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually below 15 μ m, be preferably below the 10 μ m, and

(A3) above-mentioned α disperses to exist mutually.

86, according to the described metal products of claim 85, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application handle the metallic substance made, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination.

87, according to the described metal products of claim 85, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, small-sized and large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, transfer roller, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house furring product, dwelling house inside fitting product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision optical machinery, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

88, according to the described metal products of claim 85, it is from following goods, select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

89, a kind of metal products is characterized in that the brass that uses has following parameter value: cut soon with what meet the JIS C-3604 of Japanese Industrial Standards that round brass rod is higher than 80,0.2% yield strengths as the cutting resistance coefficient of benchmark or yielding stress is 300N/mm ²More than.

90, according to the described metal products of claim 89, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

91, according to the described metal products of claim 89, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

92, according to the described metal products of claim 89, it is from following goods, select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

93, a kind of metal products, it is characterized in that the copper alloy that uses has the SCC resistance that meets the following conditions: with after exposing 24 hours in the ammonia atmosphere gas of cylindrical sample above 14% ammonia soln, said sample not disruptive maximum stress is in 180 newton/mm under loading ²More than.

94, according to the described metal products of claim 93, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

95, according to the described metal products of claim 93, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

96, according to the described metal products of claim 93, it is from following goods, select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

97, a kind of metal products, it is characterized in that use therein brass has the cutting resistance coefficient more than 80, and has an erosion resistance that satisfies following at least one condition: when stretching the technological standard JBMA T-303 of copper association and carry out the Dezincification corrosion test according to Japan, the maximum dezincify degree of depth under the maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction situation parallel with machine direction is below the 100 μ m, and the maximum dezincify degree of depth under maximum dezincify depth of penetration direction and the vertical situation of machine direction is below the 70 μ m.

98, according to the described metal products of claim 97, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

99, according to the described metal products of claim 97, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

100, according to the described metal products of claim 97, it is from following goods, select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

101, a kind of metal products has α+γ crystal structure under the brass normal temperature that it is characterized in that using, the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(1) γ phase area ratio is 3～30%, is preferably 5-30%,

(2) α phase average crystal grain diameter is below the 15 μ m, be preferably below the 10 μ m,

(3) above-mentioned γ phase average crystal grain diameter (minor axis) is below the 8 μ m, be preferably below the 5 μ m,

(4) on above-mentioned α phase crystal boundary, there is above-mentioned γ phase, and

(5) the middle mutually Sn concentration of above-mentioned γ is more than the 8 weight %.

102, according to the described metal products of claim 101, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

103, according to the described metal products of claim 101, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

104, according to the described metal products of claim 101, it is from following goods, select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

105, a kind of metal products has alpha+beta+γ crystal structure under the brass normal temperature that it is characterized in that using, the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(1) β is more than 3% with γ area ratio mutually mutually,

(2) α with below β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, is preferably below the 10 μ m mutually,

(3) above-mentioned γ phase average crystal grain minor axis is below the 8 μ m, be preferably below the 5 μ m,

(4) above-mentioned γ surrounds above-mentioned β phase mutually, and

(5) the middle mutually Sn concentration of above-mentioned γ is more than the 8 weight %.

106, according to the described metal products of claim 105, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

107, according to the described metal products of claim 105, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

108, according to the described metal products of claim 105, it is from following goods, select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

109, a kind of metal products is characterized in that the brass that uses has the alpha+beta crystal structure, and the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(1) β phase area ratio is more than 20%, to be preferably more than 25%, and

(2) α with below above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, is preferably below the 10 μ m mutually.

110, according to the described metal products of claim 109, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

111, according to the described metal products of claim 109, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

112, according to the described metal products of claim 109, it is from following goods, select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

113, a kind of metal products is characterized in that having the alpha+beta crystal structure under the use therein brass normal temperature, and the crystal structure under this normal temperature satisfies following full terms:

(1) β phase area ratio is more than 15%, be preferably more than 20%,

(2) α with below above-mentioned β average crystal grain diameter mutually is 15 μ m, is preferably below the 10 μ m mutually, and

(3) the middle mutually Sn concentration of above-mentioned β is more than the 1.5 weight %.

114, according to the described metal products of claim 113, be from following goods, select a kind of: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

115, according to the described metal products of claim 113, be a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

116, according to the described metal products of claim 113, it is from following goods, select a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

117, a kind of manufacture method of metal products, comprising under the following conditions metallic substance being carried out hot worked operation: produce the strain energy of distortion of the metallic crystal of distortion when representing hot-work because of external force with SE, and when representing hot-work with TE heating when heat energy that metallic crystal is given:

The required minimum energy of metallic crystal recrystallize of SE+TE＞distortion

The essential energy of the institute of grain coarsening under TE＜no external force state.

118, according to the described manufacture method of claim 117, wherein said metal products is select from following goods at least a: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

119, according to the described manufacture method of claim 117, wherein said metal products is a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following goods thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

120, according to the described manufacture method of claim 117, wherein said metal products is select from following goods a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

121, a kind of manufacture method of brass ware, comprising casting the step of making brassing under the following conditions:

(1) the apparent Zn content of raw material composition is 37～46 weight %,

Setting rate when (2) casting is 5 * 10 ¹～10 ⁵K/ second, be preferably 5 * 10 ²～10 ⁵K/ second, and

(3) speed of cooling after solidifying: be cooled to below 400 ℃ with the speed of 5K/ more than second, and

Said brassing is heated to the heating steps of recrystallization temperature.

122, according to the described manufacture method of claim 121, wherein said metal products is select from following goods at least a: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

123, according to the described manufacture method of claim 121, wherein said metal products is a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following goods thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

124, according to the described manufacture method of claim 121, wherein said metal products is select from following goods a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

125, a kind of manufacture method of brass ware, this method has the brass material that hot-extrudable apparent Zn content is 37～46 weight % under following condition and makes the step that brass is extruded part, temperature when (1) extruding is 480～650 ℃, in preferred 480～600 ℃ of temperature ranges, and

The section decrement is more than 90% when (2) extruding, and is preferred more than 95%.

126, according to the described manufacture method of claim 125, wherein said metal products is select from following goods at least a: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

127, according to the described manufacture method of claim 125, wherein said metal products is a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following goods thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

128, according to the described manufacture method of claim 125, wherein said metal products is select from following goods a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

129, a kind of manufacture method of brass ware, comprising the step that with apparent Zn content is the brass material heating postcooling of 37～46 weight %, with control Heating temperature for the cooled crystal structure of above-mentioned brass material can be selected in α+γ, alpha+beta and alpha+beta+γ, the step of heating one of hold-time and speed of cooling.

130, according to the described manufacture method of claim 129, wherein said metal products is select from following goods at least a: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

131, according to the described manufacture method of claim 129, wherein said metal products is a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following goods thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

132, according to the described manufacture method of claim 129, wherein said metal products is select from following goods a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

133, a kind of manufacture method of brass ware is characterized in that making the step of brassing comprising casting under the following conditions:

(1) the apparent Zn content of raw material composition is 37～46 weight %,

Setting rate when (2) casting is 5 * 10 ¹～10 ⁵K/ second, be preferably 5 * 10 ²～10 ⁵K/ second, and

(3) speed of cooling after solidifying: be cooled to below 400 ℃ with the speed that is higher than 5K/ second.

134, according to the described manufacture method of claim 133, wherein said metal products is select from following goods at least a: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

135, according to the described manufacture method of claim 133, wherein said metal products is a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following goods thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

136, according to the described manufacture method of claim 133, wherein said metal products is select from following goods a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, soft pricker section, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ャ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

137, it is that 0.5～7 weight % and apparent Zn content are that the brass starting material of 37～46 weight % are made the step that brass is extruded part that a kind of manufacture method of brass ware, this method have under following condition hot-extrudable Sn concentration,

Temperature when (1) extruding is 480～650 ℃, in preferred 480～600 ℃ of temperature ranges, and

The section decrement is more than 90% when (2) extruding, and is preferred more than 95%.

138, according to the described manufacture method of claim 137, wherein said metal products is select from following goods at least a: the metallic substance of arbitrary shapes such as sheet material, tubing, bar, wire rod and bulk, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron, and with other materials bonded combination product; Utilize welding, melting welding, soldering, bonding, high-temperature machining, hot-work, forge, extrude, drawing, calendering, shearing, sheet material forming, rolling formation, rollforming, spinning, bending machining, shaping processing, high energy and high speed processing, powder processing, machining and attrition process etc. arbitrarily the metallic substance made of working method, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron and with the combination product of other materials combination; And through metal film coated processing, change into that processing, surface hardening are handled, nonmetal overlay film is handled and arbitrary surfaces such as application are handled metallic substance, intermediate, the finished product, its molectron of making, and with the combination product of other materials combination.

139, according to the described manufacture method of claim 137, wherein said metal products is a kind of goods and the parts of selecting from following goods thereof: automobile, cart, spitkit, large ship, rail truck, aircraft, spaceship, elevator, thing is taken in recreation, conveying machinery, building machinery, welding machine, metal die, roller path, heat exchanger, industrial machine, keyboard instrument, wind instrument, percussion instrument, audio-visual equipment, the gas liquid operating device, household appliances, sewing machine, the establishment machine, games, outdoor electric equipment products, the indoor electric appliance product, the electric appliance and electronic circuit, the dwelling house articles for use, building materials, dwelling house exterior decoration product, premises finishing product, sacrificial place niche for a statue of Buddha articles for use, precision instrument, opticinstrument, measure surveying instrument, clock and watch, writing appliance, office appliance, plumbing pipe arrangement articles for use, valve, the water bolt, ornament, furnishings, sporting goods, weapon, jar, container, Medical Instruments, instrument, farm implements, the building utensil, tableware, small stores, groceries, garden tool set and little article.

140, according to the described manufacture method of claim 137, wherein said metal products is select from following goods a kind of: drive disk assembly, engine parts, the heating installation parts, car body, exterior member, inside components, drive based part, brake part, the steering parts, the air conditioning machinery parts, sprung parts, the oil-pressure pump parts, the boat-carrying parts, the measuring instrument parts, lathe, bearing, pulley, the power shaft coupling, fuel distribution tube, vapor pipe, seal washer, fuel oil atomizer, power pack, casing, moulded piece, door handle, wiper, meter unit, alarm component, air nozzle, axletree, wheel shaft, valve, piston, mast, water screw, thruster, fan, mechanical handle, gas welding machine parts, the arc welding machine parts, plasma welding is met sb. at the airport and is used parts, welding gun, metal die, bearing, the machinery slide unit, the heat exchanger parts, boiler component, the solar water heater parts, the musical instrument pedal, resonating tube, the musical instrument lever, music stand, the bronze drum parts, big cymbals, the voice amplifier parts, the vide player parts, the cassette tape player parts, CD player parts, the parts of LD player, adjusting knob, the instrument lower margin, instrument chassis, loudspeaker cone, the hot water machine parts, the electric water heater parts, reducing valve, surplus valve, the household heater parts, gasifier, the room cooler parts, cold medium tube, make-up valve, the oil pipe nut, hot water vessel, the coal gas pipe arrangement, gasburner, burner, the pump parts, part of washing machine, the pachinko parts, the taphole drilling machine parts, the vending machine parts, coin slot, Coin acceptor, the control basal plate parts, the printed wiring parts, the switchboard electrode, the switch part, the resistor part, the attaching plug part, lamp socket, the lamp socket part, discharge electrode, the water logging electrode, copper cash, battery terminal, solder, the building materials accessory, dwelling house wall backplate, reinforcing bar, steelframe, the door wall dunnage, door handle, pile, hinge, door pillar, door leaf, hedge, outdoor lampshade, outdoor lamppost, window shutter, post bucket, sprinkler, the rainwater pipe, flexible pipe, the roof, handrail, the operator's console panel, the coal gas stove is chewed, the admission port orifice plate, water discharge valve, draining valve ball chain, hook, the watering plate, fixing metal spare, towel bar, the chandelier parts, illuminace component, decoration, the chair angle, the desk angle, desktop, furniture grip, the furniture guide rail, the frame setting nut, niche for a statue of Buddha parts, the figure of buddha, candlestick, clock, camera component, the visual telescope parts, microscope components, the electron microscope part, support, the camera lens shell, the wrist-watch parts, the wall clock parts, the desk clock parts, pointer, pendulum, the ballpoint pen part, the pencil-knife parts, scissors, paper cutter, front cover, folder, drawing pin, steel tape, ruler, キ ヤ PVC ネ Star プ, template, magnet, bookshelf, the telephone frame parts, book-end, the tapping and plugging machine part, the stapler part, pencil cutting machine part, cabinet, drain plug, the polyvinyl chloride hard pipe joint, the waterways, bend pipe, tube stub, the hose nipple corrugated tube, the plumbing piston, the closet joint flange, axostylus axostyle, main shaft, ball valve, ball, valve cup ring, sealing nut, the KCP connecting leg, water tank, the shunting bolt, flexible pipe, hose nipple, the water key, water bolt metalwork, valve body, the ball float plug, stopcock, single function water bolt, the moving water bolt of heat, two valve wall water bolts, two valve seat water bolts, spout, the UB bend pipe, mixing valve, earrings, ring, safety pin, famous brand, tiepin, イ パ-, bracelet, the robe metalwork, the footwear metalwork, the clothes metalwork, button, fastener, hook spare, the belt metalwork, golf club's articles for use, dumbbell, barbell, fast keel block, the horse-vaulting frame, block, ground, sword-play place, skates, ski, the ski frenulum, the diving articles for use, gymnastics equipment, the bike blockchain, the tent holding appliance, the pistol part, the rifle part, the firelock part, the daggers and swords part, bullet, tanks, Lacquered Tin Plate Can, powder tank, flow container, gas tank, bedstead, scalpel, the endoscope part, the dental instrument part, diagnosis utensil part, the surgical instrument part, the therapeutic appliance part, pliers, hammer, ruler, awl, file, saw, nail, chisel, plane, drill bit, fixer, anchor clamps, the grinding stone frame, screw, bolt, nut, screw, spade, axe, scoop, pot, still, kitchen knife, round-bottomed frying pan, spoon, spoon, fork, knife, tin-opener, cork, Off ラ イ returns, fried prawn is used chopsticks, hot plate, bamboo strainer, pot-scouring brush, wastepaper basket, rubbish container, portable tube, washbowl, watering can, teacup, replica, lighter, characters goods, medal, bell, hair clip, the apparatus of haircuting, ashtray, vase, key, coin, fishing tackle, false bait, the eyes frame, nail clipper, the pachinko ball, the worm cage, umbrella, the sword mountain, pin, pruning scissors, the gardening pillar, the gardening support, the gardening canopy, flowerpot, fingerstall, lantern, strong box and roller.

141, a kind of producing apparatus of metal, comprising under the following conditions metallic substance being carried out hot worked processing unit (plant): produce the metallic crystal strain energy of distortion of distortion when representing hot-work because of external force with SE, and when the heat energy of metallic crystal is given in heating when representing hot-work with TE:

The required minimum energy of metallic crystal recrystallize of SE+TE＞distortion

The essential energy of the institute of grain coarsening under TE＜no external force state.

142, a kind of producing apparatus of brass is cast comprising can or being adjusted under the following condition its structure design, makes the casting device of brassing:

(1) raw material that can to add apparent Zn content be 37～46 weight %,

Setting rate when (2) casting is 5 * 10 ¹～10 ⁵K/ second, be preferably 5 * 10 ²～10 ⁵K/ second, and

(3) speed of cooling after solidifying: be cooled to below 400 ℃ with the speed that is higher than 5K/ second.143,, wherein also comprise the device that above-mentioned brassing is heated to recrystallization temperature according to the described equipment of claim 142.

144, according to the described equipment of claim 142, wherein also be included in 480～650 ℃, under the temperature above-mentioned brassing is carried out hot-extrudablely in the preferred 480-600 ℃ of scope, make the extrusion device that brass is extruded part.

145, according to the described equipment of claim 144, wherein also comprise carry out above-mentioned hot-extrudable after, with the speed of 0.4K/ more than second, with hot-extrudable refrigerating unit that is cooled to below 400 ℃ of above-mentioned brass.

146, a kind of producing apparatus of brass, this equipment have can accept the brass starting material that apparent Zn content is 37～46 weight %, and hot-extrudable manufacturing brass is extruded the device of part under following condition,

Temperature when (1) extruding is 480～650 ℃, in preferred 480～600 ℃ of temperature ranges, and

The section decrement is more than 90% when (2) extruding, and is preferred more than 95%.

147, according to the described producing apparatus of claim 146, wherein also comprise carry out above-mentioned hot-extrudable after, with the speed of 0.4K/ more than second, with hot-extrudable refrigerating unit that is cooled to below 400 ℃ of above-mentioned brass.

148, a kind of producing apparatus of brass comprising adding the brass raw material that apparent Zn content is 37～46 weight %, heats above-mentioned brass material, carries out high temperature forging under 480-750 ℃ of temperature, makes the forging apparatus of brass forging.

149, according to the described producing apparatus of claim 148, wherein said high temperature forging Deformation velocity is more than 1/ second.

150, according to the described producing apparatus of claim 148, wherein also comprise carry out above-mentioned high temperature forging after, with the speed of 0.4K/ more than second, above-mentioned brass forging is cooled to refrigerating unit below 400 ℃.

151, according to the described producing apparatus of claim 150, comprising thermal treatment unit, be about to the heating of cooled brass forging, in keeping under 400～550 ℃ of temperature more than 30 seconds, be cooled to device below 400 ℃ with 0.4～5K/ speed second then.

152, according to the described brass producing apparatus of claim 150, comprising thermal treatment unit, be about to the heating of cooled brass forging, in keeping under 450～550 ℃ of temperature more than 30 seconds, be cooled to device below 400 ℃ with 0.4～10K/ speed second then.

153, according to the described producing apparatus of claim 150, comprising thermal treatment unit, be about to the heating of cooled brass forging, in keeping under 475～550 ℃ of temperature more than 30 seconds, then with 5～1000K/ second above speed be cooled to device below 400 ℃.

154, a kind of brass producing apparatus, wherein can add the brass raw material that apparent Zn content is 37～46 weight %, mechanism with the above-mentioned brass material postcooling of heating, can be to the Heating temperature of said mechanism, one of heating hold-time and speed of cooling are adjusted, make above-mentioned brass starting material cooling post crystallization tissue, have any structure among α+γ, alpha+beta and the alpha+beta+γ.

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