CN1219124C - 家庭洗衣方法 - Google Patents

家庭洗衣方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1219124C
CN1219124C CNB018106994A CN01810699A CN1219124C CN 1219124 C CN1219124 C CN 1219124C CN B018106994 A CNB018106994 A CN B018106994A CN 01810699 A CN01810699 A CN 01810699A CN 1219124 C CN1219124 C CN 1219124C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
textiles
home laundry
washing medium
automatic
siloxanes
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB018106994A
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English (en)
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CN1433492A (zh
Inventor
约翰·科特·塞弗恩斯
弗雷德里克·安东尼·哈特曼
克里斯蒂安·阿瑟·雅克·凯米尔·特内
保罗·阿马特·雷蒙德·杰拉尔德·弗朗斯
菲利普·凯尔·文森
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Publication of CN1433492A publication Critical patent/CN1433492A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0202—Separation of non-miscible liquids by ab- or adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G33/00—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G33/02—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with electrical or magnetic means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/162—Organic compounds containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
    • C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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    • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
    • C11D3/3773—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines in liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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    • C11D3/3942—Inorganic per-compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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    • C11D3/3945—Organic per-compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3947—Liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/40—Dyes ; Pigments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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    • C11D3/43—Solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/50—Perfumes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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    • C11D7/5027—Hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
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    • D06L1/10—Regeneration of used chemical baths
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
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    • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
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    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及自动家庭洗衣方法，该方法用来清洗或更新纺织品，尤其是衣物、亚麻和装饰织物制品。本发明还涉及纺织品的混合物的自动家庭洗涤，所述纺织品包含可机洗纺织品和仅可干洗纺织品。洗涤介质的特征在于为硅氧烷，优选环状硅氧烷。

Description

家庭洗衣方法
相关的申请
本申请根据35 USC§119(e)要求2000年6月5日提交的美国临时申请序列号60/209,444的优先权。
发明领域
本发明涉及清洗或更新纺织品，尤其是衣服、亚麻和装饰织物制品的自动家庭洗衣方法。本发明还涉及纺织品的混合物(mixed loads)的自动家庭洗涤，所述纺织品的混合物包含可机洗纺织品和仅可干洗纺织品。
发明背景
几个世纪以来，一直用基于水的方法来洗涤纺织品。在上一世纪，由于开发了自动洗衣机，这种家务被极大地简化。然而，虽然极大地简化了家庭洗衣方法，但使用自动洗衣机的家庭洗衣方法仍需要依据颜色和纺织原料进行大量的预分纺织品处理。典型地，白色织物与有色织物分开洗涤，光亮的有色纺织品(如黑红色和蓝色)与浅色制品分开洗涤。而且当被洗涤的纺织品包括“仅可干洗”的制品时，还需要分类和处理。
特别是最近，节水方面的努力和对环境的关注已驱使洗衣机厂商和洗涤剂厂商减少在家庭洗衣过程中对水的需要量。然而，这类努力集中在减少由洗涤介质产生的水消耗，而不是从最初基于水的方法出发来改变洗涤介质。
同时，围绕使用“Perc”(全氯乙烯的缩写)作为适于商业干洗方法的洗涤介质的关注已逐渐升温。这些关注已导致很多基于Perc的方法的被提议的替代方案的开发，但迄今所有的其他替代方法仍未见广泛应用。实例包括烃和液态二氧化碳。最近，在商业干洗领域中，被提议的作为代替Perc的备选方法涉及硅氧烷作为适于“仅可干洗”纺织品的洗涤液的应用(参见，例如美国专利：5,942,007，1999年8月24日；6,042,617和6,042,618，2000年3月28日；6,056,789，2000年5月2日；6,059,845，2000年5月9日；和6,063,135，2000年5月16日)。
本发明已发现，通过使用适于家庭洗衣方法的基于硅氧烷的洗涤介质，可进一步简化自动家庭洗衣方法和消除对仅基于水的家庭洗衣方法的依赖。该方法不仅适于消费者的“仅可干洗”纺织品的家庭清洗，还适于那些通常在家里，在水洗涤介质中洗涤的“机洗”制品。而且当消费者仍倾向于分开洗涤这类制品时，本发明的方法通过洗涤“仅可干洗”和“机洗”制品的混合物，使得消费者具有使家庭洗衣方法显著简化的自由，从而极大地简化了预分类工作。
发明概述
本发明包含一种自动家庭洗衣方法，该方法包含在家里，在自动洗衣机中用含硅氧烷的洗涤介质清洁纺织品的步骤。
本发明还涉及一种自动家庭洗衣方法，该方法包含在自动洗衣机内，用含硅氧烷的洗涤介质接触可机洗纺织品。更优选的是含硅氧烷的洗涤介质包含少于洗涤介质重量约50％的水，但在一些优选实施方案中，期望它包括若干数量的有目的加入的水，优选在洗涤介质重量约0.1％-约50％范围的水。
本发明的更优选的方法是指向一种自动家庭洗衣方法，该方法包含在自动洗衣机中，用含硅氧烷的洗涤介质接触包含可机洗和仅可干洗纺织品的纺织品的混合物。
从下列详细说明和后附的权利要求可使这些和其它的方面，特征和优点变得明显。除非另作说明，所有的百分比，比率和比例为重量比，并且所有的温度为摄氏度(℃)。除非另作说明，所有的测量为SI单位，并且所有引用的文献的相关部分全部引入本发明作为参考，并由此成为本发明的组成部分。
发明详述
此处使用的术语“纺织品”指的是在常规洗衣方法或在干洗方法中通常洗涤的任何制品。该术语包含衣服、亚麻和装饰织物，衣服附件(clothing accessories)，和地毯制品。该术语还包含整体或部分制造的织物的其它的物品，如手袋，家具罩，帆布等。
此处使用的术语“可机洗纺织品”指的是那些已被织物行业和消费者鉴定为对于用常规含水自动家庭洗衣方法洗涤安全的纺织品。消费者经常受助于这种由产品标签提供的纺织品的鉴别，即该纺织品被鉴定为“可机洗”或某些相似的描述。
此处使用的“仅可干洗纺织品”指的是那些已被织物行业和消费者鉴定为对于用常规含水自动家庭洗衣方法洗涤不安全，代之以需要用常规无水溶剂如Perc进行特殊处理的纺织品。此外，消费者经常受助于这种由产品标签提供的鉴别，即该纺织品被鉴别为“仅可干洗”或某些相似的描述。
此处使用的术语“自动家庭洗衣方法”不仅指的是消费者利用自动洗衣机，优选位于消费者居所的自动洗衣机进行的洗衣方法(此处指的是“在家里”进行的洗衣过程)，还包括公共自助洗衣店，在那里消费者遵循基本相同的洗衣方法，好象自动洗衣机是放在家里那样。
此处使用的术语“洗涤介质”指的是液体[包括但不局限于，流体和/或溶液和/或溶剂和/或乳剂]，其用于在自动家庭洗衣过程期间，以洗涤量润湿纺织品。
此处使用的短语“纺织品的干重”指的是无故意添加的流体重量的纺织品的重量。
此处使用的短语“纺织品的吸收能力”指的是可被纺织品吸收并保留在它的细孔和间隙内的流体的最大量。按照下列测量纺织品的吸收能力的试验方案测量纺织品的吸收能力。
测量纺织品的吸收能力的试验方案
步骤1：漂洗并干燥即将加入亲脂性流体的贮液器或其它容器。清洗贮液器使其完全不含任何异物，尤其是肥皂，洗涤剂和湿润剂。
步骤2：称量要试验的“干”纺织品以获得该“干”纺织品的重量。
步骤3：将2L约20℃的亲脂性流体倒入贮液器。
步骤4：将来自步骤2的纺织品置于含硅氧烷的贮液器中。
步骤5：在贮液器中搅拌该纺织品，以保证纺织品内部位留下气穴，并且被硅氧烷彻底润湿。
步骤6：将纺织品从含硅氧烷的贮液器中移走。
步骤7：如果必要，展开纺织品，使得相同或相对纺织品表面之间不互相接触。
步骤8：使来自步骤7的纺织品滴流，直至滴落频率不超过1滴/秒。
步骤9：称量来自步骤8的“湿”纺织品，以获得“湿”纺织品的重量。
步骤10：利用下面等式计算纺织品吸收的硅氧烷的数量。
         FA＝(W-D)/D*100
其中：
FA＝吸收的流体，％(即，以占纺织品干重的％计，纺织品的吸收能力)
W＝湿的样本重量，g
D＝最初的样本重量，g
术语“非浸渍(non-immersive)”指的是基本上所有的流体与纺织品密切接触。存在至多最小量的“自由”洗液。它不象“浸渍(immersive)”过程，即洗涤流体为这样的一种浴液，在其中纺织品如同在传统的垂直轴洗衣机中那样被浸没，或如同在传统的水平洗衣机中那样被浸渍。按照下面非浸渍方法的试验方案更详细地说明术语“非浸渍”。当满足下面试验方案时，用流体接触纺织品的方法为非浸渍方法。
非浸渍方法试验方案
步骤1：利用上述测量纺织品吸收能力的试验方案确定织物样品的吸收能力。
步骤2：进行纺织品与流体相接触的过程，使得一定量的流体接触纺织品。
步骤3：将来自步骤1的干织物样品接近步骤2的纺织品，并移动/搅拌/翻转纺织品和织物样品，使得流体从纺织品传递到织物样品上(纺织品和织物样品必须达到相同的饱和度)。
步骤4：称量来自步骤3的织物样品。
步骤5：利用下面等式计算被织物样品吸收的流体：
       FA＝(W-D)/D*100
其中：
FA＝吸收的流体，％
W＝湿样品重量，g
D＝最初样品重量，g
步骤6：比较被织物样品吸收的流体与织物样品的吸收能力。如果被织物样品吸收的流体少于织物样品吸收能力的约0.8，则该方法为非浸渍方法。
此处使用的术语“硅氧烷”指的是非极性并且不溶于水或较低级醇的硅氧烷流体。它们完全易溶于典型的脂肪族和芳香族溶剂，包括卤化溶剂，但仅部分溶于中间石油馏分如萘。线性硅氧烷(参见例如美国专利5,443,747和5,977,040，它们全部通过参考与此合为一体)和环状硅氧烷在此处是有用的，所述环状硅氧烷包括选自八甲基-环四硅氧烷(四聚物)，十二甲基-环六硅氧烷(六聚物)，和优选十甲基-环五硅氧烷(五聚物，通常表示为“D5”)的环状硅氧烷。最优选的是这类洗涤介质，其中硅氧烷包含超过约50％环状硅氧烷五聚物，更优选超过约75％，最优选至少约90％的五聚物。还优选包含硅氧烷的洗涤介质，所述硅氧烷为具有至少约90％(优选至少约95％)五聚物和少于约10％(优选少于约5％)四聚物和/或六聚物的环状硅氧烷的混合物。
关于本发明的方法，将含硅氧烷的洗涤介质与纺织品相接触的方法可以是任何一种方法，其与点状润湿和/或手工润湿纺织品相反，通过自动洗衣机，以洗涤量完全润湿纺织品。这包括在洗涤介质的浸渍浴中接触纺织品，或优选按照小体积润湿方法如喷涂，使用尽可能较小体积的洗涤介质以均匀润湿纺织品。最优选的是用一种方法接触纺织品，所述方法包含至少一个非浸渍步骤，从而用洗涤介质以洗涤量润湿(优选通过均匀的喷涂)纺织品，所述洗涤介质例如仅为纺织品干重的小于约500％，更优选少于约200％(甚至更优选少于约150％)到约20％，更优选到约50％重量。
本发明的一个方面涉及用洗涤介质接触纺织品，所述洗涤介质包含少于约50％水，更优选少于约30％，少于约20％，少于约10％，少于约5％，少于约1％，最优选不含有目的地加入的水。然而，在本发明的另一个方面，一些有目的地加入的水是含有硅氧烷的洗涤介质的一部分，该洗涤介质包括例如或者与硅氧烷不混溶或者作为一种含硅氧烷、水和乳化剂的乳状液。优选水的含量为约0.1％-约50％，更优选约0.1％-约30％，约0.1％-约20％，约0.1％-约10％，约0.1％-约5％，约0.1％-约1％。
按照本发明，可在使用本发明方法期间，在任何时间将要处理和/或清洗的纺织品与碰撞气体接触。
至少在应用清洗液前用碰撞气体接触纺织品是理想的。该碰撞气体促进从纺织品去除微粒污垢。使用气流可有效去除微粒污垢。微粒污垢包括由离散微粒组成的任何污垢。这类微粒污垢的非限制实例包括粘土，灰尘，干泥浆，砂子，猫毛皮，皮肤絮片或鳞屑，头皮屑，皮垢，来自人或宠物的毛发，草种，花粉，草籽(burr)，和/或不溶于水的类似动物、无机物或植物性物质。
通过利用碰撞气体，减少了在去除这类微粒污垢过程中所需要的化学物质。
典型地，碰撞气体是来自于气体源的、速率为约10l/s-约70l/s的气流，并且该气体以约1m/s-约155m/s的速率接触纺织品。当气体碰撞纺织品时，机械搅拌纺织品是理想的。而且，理想的是，以足以防止被去除的微粒污垢再沉淀到纺织品上的速率去除气体和存在于该来自纺织品的气体中的微粒污垢。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，气体选自空气，氮气，臭氧，氧气，氩气，氦气，氖气，氙气和它们的混合气体，更优选空气，氮气，臭氧，氧气，氩气，氦气和它们的混合气体，甚至更优选的仍然是空气，臭氧，氮气和它们的混合气体。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，在该方法中使用的气体可随时间而改变。例如，可在洗涤过程的起始使用空气，在洗涤过程的中间阶段使用空气和臭氧的混合气体，在末尾使用空气或氮气。
所使用的气体可以是任何合适的温度或湿度。可用电力或将气体通过气体火焰，如在传统的气体干燥器中对气体供热。然而，优选具有室内温度和室内湿度的气体。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，在用于本方法前，可在混合室中混合两种或多种气体。在本发明的这个实施方案的另一个方面，通过不同的入口，气体可被同时输送，并在封闭的容器内原位混合。在本发明的这个实施方案的另一个方面，提供的气体可以混合气体的形式存在，并不需要任何混合室以获得适于该方法的所需要的混合气体。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，气体可来自储藏器如来自压缩空气箱。备选地，在该方法中使用的气体可获自该方法和装置存在的位置。例如，泵，鼓风机或类似物可用于将来自于周围大气的空气提供给本发明方法。也可使用获自储藏器的气体和来自大气的气体的混合气体。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，气体可获自压缩机。该压缩机可以是任何一种适于提供一种气体或多种气体的压缩机，条件是它们在需要的速率和流速范围内将气体提供给装置。压缩机通过适当的夹具，如软管，管子，旋塞，夹具或它们的结合与气体入口连接，以在需要的速率或流速范围内提供给入口一种气体或多种气体。一些适于提供一种或多种气体的典型的压缩机包括旋转式螺杆压缩机或两级电压缩机。另一种合适类型的压缩机是所谓的“声学压缩机(acoustical compressor)”，例如在美国专利号5,020,977，5,051,066，5,167,124，5,319,938，5,515,684，5,231,337和5,357,757中描述的那些声学压缩机，所有这些专利都通过参考与本发明合为一体。典型地，声学压缩机以下列方式运转：将气体如来自大气的气体注入脉冲室，压缩，然后作为高压气体排放。通过压缩机吹扫电磁例如微波，激光，红外线，无线电等或超声波能量的固定区域，所述电磁或超生能量以声速穿过脉冲室内的气体，气体被压缩。这种脉冲室的吹扫在气体中产生并维持了高压声脉冲。这些声压缩机具有很多超过传统压缩机的优点。例如，除了阀门，它们不具有活动部分，运转不需油，并比可比的传统压缩机更小。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，从气体源提供速率为约10l/s-约70l/s，更优选约20l/s-约42l/s，甚至更优选约25l/s-约30l/s的气体。通过置于容器内部，靠近气体进入含衣物的容器的地方的流量计测量气体流速。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，气体以约1m/s-约155m/s，更优选约50m/s-约105m/s，甚至更优选约75m/s-约105m/s的速率接触纺织品。通过置于容器内部，靠近气体进入含衣物的容器的地方的流量计测量气体速率。
气体接触纺织品的速率和气体流速是临界参数。例如速率不足意味着不能从纺织品上去除微粒。速率太高则纺织品会被断裂，使得不能搅拌纺织品，并且不能去除微粒污垢。同样地，气体流速不足意味着清洗后任何被去除的微粒污垢残存在并可再沉淀到纺织品上。
明显地，本发明的方法不能使用为水洗方法开发的当前通用的自动洗衣机。而用于本方法的自动洗衣机可连接一个水源，为了实施通用的方法，这个连接只是为了供应任选有目的地加入的水。提供硅氧烷是必需的，优选将硅氧烷存储于在通用方法中使用的容器中，并且在自动家庭洗衣过程中，硅氧烷接触纺织品后返回(适当的清洗过程之后)到该容器中。
尽管具有所定义的适于非浸渍商业干洗方法的各种组分的装置(所述方法例如描述在2000年5月9日公布的美国专利6,059,845和2000年5月16日公布的美国专利6,063,135中所描述(两篇专利均全文引入本文作为参考))，如果加以改良以适于居住大小和消费者维护，该装置可用于实施本发明的方法，但对于本发明的非浸渍方法来说并不是优选的。原因包括与在家庭供应、储存和清洗大体积的硅氧烷有关的一些制约(相对于在这些专利中教导的商业干洗机的尺寸和操作而言)。
由于这些原因，高度优选较小体积方法如上文描述的那些利用均匀喷涂方法的方法，所述均匀喷涂方法利用较小体积的洗涤介质即可完全润湿纺织品。例如可考虑对传统的低水位洗涤器具进行改良以传递低含量的含硅氧烷的洗涤介质而不是含水的洗涤介质；这类传统的水洗涤器具在例如美国专利4,489,574；4,489,455；5,191,669；5,191,668；5,233,718；和5,671,494中进行描述，所有这些均全文引入本文作为参考。具有这种低体积方法用途的最优选的自动洗衣机在共同提交的、共同待决的专利申请宝洁公司案例8ll9P中详细地进行了描述，该专利申请全文引入本文作为参考。进一步优选的是这类自动洗衣机，即通过随机翻转后，间歇性的旋转和喷涂，直至已喷涂所有的洗涤介质，可保证用含硅氧烷的洗涤介质均匀地覆盖纺织品。还优选这类洗衣机，它通过紧接地再利用/再循环步骤，例如通过在将洗涤介质从纺织品中提取出来以后，将其通过颗粒去除过滤器，然后立即将其再喷涂到纺织品上而再利用该含硅氧烷的洗涤介质。
还优选适于实施本发明方法的自动洗衣机是为了在同一个装置内还可干燥纺织品而设计的自动洗衣机。这不仅赋予消费者不用处理湿纺织品的便利，还能够为了再利用或清洗而回收所有的硅氧烷。
还可想象按照消费者的愿望，适于清洗和/或处理纺织品的添加剂也可加入到该方法中。因此，自动洗衣机优选包括贮器来在理想的时间将这类添加剂，与洗涤介质一同或分开，接受和/或分配到自动洗衣过程中。包含这类添加剂的机筒(通过再充填或与添加剂一起购买)，其可拆卸地安装到机器上，也是任选的实施方式。特别优选的添加剂是在当前自动家庭洗衣过程中，当与含硅氧烷的洗涤介质结合时，可充当一种抗静电剂的任何物质。
该自动洗衣机的另一个优选的特征是能够有多于一个自动洗衣过程来净化和再利用硅氧烷。净化硅氧烷以多次使用的优选的工具是可替换的过滤器。这种过滤器应当优选包括过滤物质，其能去除并收集至少身体污垢，所述身体污垢是在自动家庭洗衣过程中从纺织品上去除的。活性炭、硅石、分子筛和/或疏水改性纸正好是这类过滤器的一些任选组分。优选用装置固定到自动洗衣机上，使得消费者每隔一定间隔可容易地替换它。

Claims (20)

1.一种自动家庭洗衣方法，所述方法包含在家里，在自动洗衣机中用洗涤介质清洁纺织品的步骤，所述洗涤介质包含硅氧烷和少于50％的水。
2.按照权利要求1的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述被清洁的纺织品包含选自可机洗纺织品、仅可干洗纺织品和它们的结合的纺织品。
3.按照权利要求1的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中通过均匀润湿使得所述纺织品与所述包含硅氧烷的洗涤介质相接触，所述均匀润湿是在包括含硅氧烷的洗涤介质的供应装置并且能够向织物喷洒洗涤介质的自动洗衣机中，通过将所述洗涤介质喷到所述纺织品上实现的。
4.按照权利要求1的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述洗涤介质不包含有目的性地加入的水。
5.按照权利要求1的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述洗涤介质包含0.1％-50％有目的性地加入的水。
6.按照权利要求1的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述硅氧烷包含环状硅氧烷。
7.按照权利要求6的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述环状硅氧烷包含超过50％的环状硅氧烷五聚物。
8.一种自动家庭洗衣方法，所述方法包含，在自动洗衣机中，用一种包含硅氧烷的洗涤介质接触可机洗的纺织品的步骤，其中所述步骤为非浸渍步骤。
9.按照权利要求8的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述洗涤介质包含少于50％的水。
10.按照权利要求9的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述洗涤介质包含0％有目的性地加入的水。
11.按照权利要求8的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述洗涤介质包含0.1％-50％有目的性地加入的水。
12.按照权利要求8的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中与所述洗涤介质相接触的所述纺织品进一步包含仅可干洗的纺织品。
13.按照权利要求8的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述硅氧烷包含环状硅氧烷。
14.按照权利要求13的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述环状硅氧烷包含超过50％的环状硅氧烷五聚物。
15.一种自动家庭洗衣方法，所述方法包含在家里的自动洗衣机中，用包含硅氧烷的洗涤介质接触可机洗纺织品和仅可干洗的纺织品。
16.按照权利要求15的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述硅氧烷包含环状硅氧烷。
17.按照权利要求16的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述环状硅氧烷包含超过50％的环状硅氧烷五聚物。
18.按照权利要求17的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中通过均匀润湿，所述纺织品与包含硅氧烷的所述洗涤介质相接触，所述均匀润湿是在包括含硅氧烷的洗涤介质的供应装置并且能够向织物喷洒洗涤介质的自动洗衣机中，通过将所述洗涤介质喷到所述纺织品上实现的。
19.按照权利要求15的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述洗涤介质包含0.1％-5％有目的性地加入的水。
20.按照权利要求15的自动家庭洗衣方法，其中所述硅氧烷包含至少所述硅氧烷重量的90％的环状硅氧烷五聚物。
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EP1290264B1 (en) 2005-01-12
AU2001266721B2 (en) 2005-02-17
ES2236250T3 (es) 2005-07-16
CZ20023909A3 (cs) 2003-03-12
BR0111405A (pt) 2003-06-03
CA2407749A1 (en) 2001-12-13
WO2001094681A1 (en) 2001-12-13
MXPA02011964A (es) 2003-04-22
JP2003535992A (ja) 2003-12-02
US20010054202A1 (en) 2001-12-27
CN1433492A (zh) 2003-07-30
CA2407749C (en) 2008-01-08
AU6672101A (en) 2001-12-17
DE60108383D1 (de) 2005-02-17
EP1290264A1 (en) 2003-03-12
ATE287001T1 (de) 2005-01-15
DE60108383T2 (de) 2005-12-22
US6840963B2 (en) 2005-01-11

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