CN1219104A - 治疗毒性叮咬及叮刺的方法 - Google Patents
治疗毒性叮咬及叮刺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1219104A CN1219104A CN97194729A CN97194729A CN1219104A CN 1219104 A CN1219104 A CN 1219104A CN 97194729 A CN97194729 A CN 97194729A CN 97194729 A CN97194729 A CN 97194729A CN 1219104 A CN1219104 A CN 1219104A
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Abstract
本发明提供治疗或缓解毒性叮咬或叮刺症状的方法,它包括给予需要此治疗的哺乳动物一种或多种5-HT2拮抗剂。
Description
本发明涉及应用5-HT2拮抗剂来治疗或缓解毒性叮咬或叮刺的症状。
毒性叮咬及叮刺根据毒素的来源及个体或动物的敏感性而能引起多种反应。在某些情况下,叮咬或叮刺中的毒素能引起过敏反应,即一种能威胁生命的速发型超敏反应。在其它情况下,某些毒素能引起皮肤的“局部”反应。皮肤的局反应被分为1)有限大小及持续时间的“非过敏性”反应或2)“过敏性”或“扩大的”局部反应,一般在大小上增大而在持续时间上延长。对膜翅目动物的毒素(蜜蜂、黄蜂、大黄蜂及鲜黄色胡蜂)而言,“非过敏性局部反应为对毒素成分的毒性反应,而扩大的局部反应似乎是由对毒素蛋白质的过敏反应而引起的”。[见D.N.Wright,对叮刺昆虫(膜翅目)的局部反应,Allergy Proc.11(1):23-28(Jan-Feb.1990)]。
一旦接受了毒性的叮咬或叮刺,即可出现由毒素引起的多种症状,包括瘙痒、红斑、荨麻疹、血管水肿、软组织肿胀、感染部位的炎症及感染部位疼痛。
当被皮下注射时,许多叮咬及叮刺中的毒素引起从邻近血管中外渗。[见V.Cattell,Focal Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis InThe Rat Caused By Habu Snake Venom:The Role of Platelets,British J.ofExp.Pathol.,60(2):201-208(April 1979)];另外,毒素可诱发血小板聚集及肥大细胞脱粒,炎症的两个成分一起外渗。5-羟色胺的释放也与毒素的注射有关。[见:如Y.Ozaki等,Mastopran,A Wasp Venom,Activates Platelets Via Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive GTP-Binding Proteins,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,170(2):779-85(July 31,1990)及C.Wang等,Experimental Study of Chinese Agkistrodon Actus Venom InAetivation of Rabbit Platelets In Viuo,Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Huseh Huseh Pao,25(1):38-40(March 1994)。
从四十多年前发现血清素(5-羟色胺,5-HT)以来,许多不同研究的累积结果表明:血清素在哺乳动物体的机能上,即在中枢神经系统及在外周神经系统上起着重要作用。中枢神经系统的形态学研究表明:源于脑干的血清素激活的神经元形成一个凸出到脑及脊髓的大部分区域中的充分扩散的系统[R.A.O’Brien,Serotonin in MentalAbnormalities,1∶41(1978);H.W.M.Steinbusch,HANDBOOK OFCHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY,Volume 3,PartⅡ,68(1984);N.E.Anden等,Acta Physiologica Scandinavia,67:313(1966)]。这些研究通过生化结果予以补充,其结果表明5-HT的大部分集中在脑及脊髓中[H.W.M.Steinbusch,上文]。
由于具有这样的扩散系统,所以5-HT与各种行为表现、生理性反应以及源于中枢神经系统的疾病有关是不足为奇的。它们包括这样的扩散区域如睡眠、吃、可察觉的疼痛、控制体温、控制血压、抑郁、精神分裂症以及其它身体状态[R.W.Fuller,BIOLOGY OFSEROTONERGIC TRANSMISSION,221(1982);D.J.Boullin,SEROTONIN IN MENTAL ABNORMALITIES 1:316(1978);J.Barchas等,Serotonin and Behavior(1973)]。
血清素在外周系统中也起着重要作用。例如,近90%的体内的血清素在胃肠道系统中被合成,已发现血清素介导该系统中的各种收缩、分泌及电生理作用。血清素可被血小板吸收,以及在血小板聚集过程中,它可被释放,以使心血管系统提供另一个能释放及响应血清素的外周网络的实例。由于血清素在体内的广泛的分布,即可理解存在对影向血清素系统药物极大兴趣的原因。特别是,受体特异性激动剂及拮抗剂对治疗很大范围内的紊乱是重要的,包括焦虑、抑郁、高血压、偏头痛、强迫性紊乱、精神分裂症、孤独症、神经变性性紊乱、如Alzheimer氏病、帕金森神经机能障碍及Huntington氏舞蹈病及癌症化疗诱发的呕吐[M.D.Gershon等,THE PERIPHERAL ACTIONSOF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE,246(1989);P.R.Saxena等,Journalof Cardiovascular Pharmacology,15:Supplement 7(1990)]。
血清素通过与细胞表面上专门化的受体结合而影响细胞的生理。许多类型的受体为许多神经递质及激素而存在,包括血清素。多种结构上有区别的血清素受体的存在提供了制造亚型选择药物制剂的可能性。这些化合物的发现可产生新的、选择性增加的及较少副作用的治疗剂,因为个别受体亚型的激活可起影响中枢和/或外周血清素系统的不同部分的特殊作用。
这种特性的实例可通过应用作为例子的血管系统来说明。在某些血管中,刺激在内皮细胞上某些5-HT受体引起血管舒张而刺激在平滑肌细胞上某些5-HT受体引起血管收缩。
当前,大多数种类的血清素受体(5-HT1,5-HT2、5-HT3、5-HT4、5-HT5、5-HT6及5-HT7)含有约14-18个单独的、以其药理或结构差别正式分类的受体。[对于各种5-HT受体类型的药理作用及临床影响的非常好的综述,见Glennon等,Neuroscience and BehavioralReviews,14:35(1990)]。
一类血清素受体为5-HT2。在这一类中已知存在几种亚型。这些亚型包括5-HT2A、5-HT2B及5-HT2C。亚型5-HT2A位于许多组织中,包括(但不限于此):血管平滑肌、血小板、肺、中枢神经系统(CNS)及胃肠道中。认为这些受体与某些效应有关:例如,血管收缩、血小板聚集及支气管收缩。5-HT2B受体局限于鼠肺、胃底、子宫、膀胱及结肠中。5-HT2B受体位于人体上值得注意的部位包括(但不限于此):脑部及血管。亚型5-HT2C位于CNS中,在脉络丛中具有高密度。
由于在受影响人群中对当今毒性叮咬及叮刺治疗的普遍不满,所以存在着对一种更有效及安全治疗的需求。本发明提供该治疗。
本发明提供治疗或缓解哺乳动物毒性叮咬或叮刺症状的方法,它包括给予需要此治疗的哺乳动物有效剂量的一种或多种具有5-HT2拮抗剂活性的化合物。
除非另有指明,用在本制备及实施例中的术语及缩写都具有其正常意义。例如“℃”指摄氏度;“N”指正常或正常状态;“mmol”指毫摩尔;“g”指克;“ml”指毫升;“L”指升;“M”指摩尔或摩尔浓度;“MS”指质谱;“IR”指红外光谱;而“NMR”指核磁共振光谱。
术语“叮刺”指由导入个体的昆虫或其它动物的毒素(生物毒素)所引起的损伤,以及由器官对毒素的反应而引起的机械性损伤。
术语“毒素”指一种毒物,更准确地说,一种一般由昆虫或其它动物分泌的毒性物质。在此所用的术语“毒素”不包括被认为是神经毒素的物质。所知能分泌毒素的昆虫及其它动物的实例包括(但不限于此):某些类型的蛇、蚂蚁、水母、水螅、双鳍鲳、刺鳐、海葵、海胆、锥螺、蜘蛛、蝎子、蚊子、蜜蜂、黄蜂、大黄蜂、蜂、蚋蚊及蝇。
“炎症”是组织对各种刺激或损害的非特异性应答,其导致在炎症部位释放引起疼痛的物质。现已了解肥大细胞、中性白细胞及T-细胞与发炎皮肤症状的病理生理以及其它生理性紊乱有关。
本发明的方法应用5-HT2受体。有三个5-HT受体的5-羟色胺2(5-HT2)家族的成员:5-HT2A、5-HT2B及5-HT2C受体。这些受体为G-蛋白质连接的受体,其实际至少在这些受体的克隆模型中与磷酸肌醇的代谢正性结合。这些受体享有序列同源性,且具有相同模式的内含子和外显子。该类受体对其配体特异性上的相似进一步表明该家族受体的共同团体性。本发明的方法优选使用5-HT2B受体。
本发明提供治疗或改善毒性叮咬或叮刺症状的方法,它包括给予需要此治疗的哺乳动物有效剂量的一种或多种5-HT2受体拮抗剂。如所指明的,在本发明的方法中应用一种或多种5-HT2拮抗剂。在一个实施方案中,只用一种5-HT2拮抗剂。在某些情况下,该5-HT2拮抗剂将仅对一种亚型的5-HT2受体有亲合力(如对5-HT2A、5-HT2B或5-HT2C的特异性)。在其它情况下,5-HT2拮抗剂将对多种5-HT2受体的亚型具有亲合力(如对5-HT2A和5-HT2B;5-HT2A和5-HT2C;5-HT2B和5-HT2C或5-HT2A、5-HT2B和5-HT2C的特异性)。在另一个实施方案中,可用多种5-HT2拮抗剂。这些5-HT2拮抗剂中的每一种对专门的5-HT2受体亚型、多种5-HT2受体亚型可有亲合力,或者可以是一种对专门的受体亚型及多种受体亚型有亲合力的5-HT2拮抗剂的混合物。本发明更优选的实施方案提供了治疗或改善毒性叮咬或叮刺症状的方法,它包括给予需要此治疗的哺乳动物有效剂量的一种或多种5-HT2B受体拮抗剂。
本领域的普通技术熟练人员将了解尽管用于本发明中的拮抗剂可以对一种或多种5-HT2受体亚型具有亲合力,可出现一定量的与其它5-HT受体类型的交叉反应性。不排除化合物或组合物在本发明中的使用,仅因为它具有对一种或多种5-HT受体的亲合力。
在最近的出版物中记叙了许多可用于本发明的不同的5-HT2受体拮抗剂。
其中X选自CO、CS或CH2,而若X为CO或CS,则R选自:
ⅰ)氢、C1-C24烷基、C1-C24链烯基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8环烯基或C4-C32环烷(烯)基烷(烯)基,以上基团任选由一个或多个羟基取代,或由一个或多个选自卤素、三氟甲基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C3烷硫基、酰氧基或氰基的取代基任选取代的苯基;或
ⅱ)YR1,其中Y为O或S,而R1选自以上ⅰ)项下作为R所定义的取代基;及
ⅲ)NR2R3,其中R2和R3独立选自以上ⅰ)项下作为R所定义的取代基,或R2和R3结合形成一个含有1-3个氮原子及0-3个氧或硫原子的4-8元杂环;或若X为CH2,则R选自:
ⅳ)如ⅱ)中定义的YR1基团;
ⅴ)如ⅲ)中定义的NR2R3基团;或
ⅵ)OC(O)R4基团,其中R4定义同R1。
另一组5-HT2拮抗剂包括在美国专利第5229382号(在此结合到本发明中作为参考)中介绍的化合物,其通式为式Ⅲ:
其中Ar为下列基团之一:苯基,由选自卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、羟基、三氟甲基及氰基的至少一个取代基取代的苯基以及选自2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噁唑基、2-咪唑基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基及4-吡啶基的杂芳基;每条虚线为一可任选双键;X和X’为独立选自氢、卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、羟基、低级烷硫基、低级烷磺酰基、低级烷氨基、低级二烷基氨基、氰基、三氟甲基及三氟甲硫基;或X和X’一起形成一个5-7元碳环;R1选自氢、低级烷基及由1个或2个羟基取代的烷基;条件是当X是氢或氟时,R1不能为氢;R是具有下式的取代基:
其中n为2-6范围内的整数;W为氧或硫;V1选自OR4、SF5、CHR6R7和NR8R9;其中R3-R9独立选自氢、低级烷基、低级链烯基、环烷基、由一个或二个羟基取代的低级烷基及由一个或二个羟基取代的低级链烯基。
其中R1、R2和R3独立代表氢原子或直链或支链的C1-C6烷基;
X代表氢或卤原子;
Z代表羰基或亚甲基及C9…C10代表单键或双键。
其中R为C1-3烷基或烯丙基,R1为C1-3羟烷基或C1-3二羟基烷基,而R2为H或甲基。
以上各组化合物仅是对可使用的5-HT2受体拮抗剂的说明。所列的这些组的化合物并不是全面的,本发明的方法可应用任何5-HT2受体拮抗剂而且不局限于任何具体类型的化合物。
其中
R1为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R3为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R6选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、卤代、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C2-C6)链烯基、COR5、C1-C10链烷酰基、CO2R5’、(C1-C6烷基)m氨基、NO2、-SR5和OR5;
R7和R8独立选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、NO2、卤代、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C2-C6)链烯基、COR5、C1-C10链烷酰基、C7-C16芳基烷基、CO2R5’、(C1-C6烷基)m氨基、-SR5和OR5;
n为1、2或3;
n’为1、2或3;
m为1或2;
R5独立为氢或C1-C4烷基;
R5’为C1-C4烷基;
…可任选为一个键。
式Ⅶ化合物的实例包括(但不限于此):螺-9,9-[2-(3,4-二氯)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基]-5-甲氧基-1,2,3,9-四氢-8H-吡啶并吲哚、螺-9,9-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基]-5-甲氧基-1,2,3,9-四氢-8H-吡啶并吲哚、螺-9,9-[2-(3,4-二乙氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基]-5-甲基-1,2,3,9-四氢-8H-吡啶并吲哚、螺-9,9-[2-(3,5-二氯)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基]-5-二甲氨基-1,2,3,9-四氢-8H-吡啶并吲哚、螺-9,9-[2-(3-氟,4-氯)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基]-5-乙基-1,2,3,9-四氢-8H-吡啶并吲哚、螺-9,9-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基)-1,2,3,4-吲哚、螺-9,9-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基]-5-溴-1,2,3,9-四氢-8H-吡啶并吲哚、螺-9,9-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基]-5-氯-1,2,3,9-四氢-8H-吡啶并吲哚。
这些化合物的合成在公开未决的美国临时专利申请系列号60/014119(代理人档案号P-10656,1996年3月25日申请)中被介绍(在此结合到本发明中作为参考)。以下详细介绍此类典型化合物的合成,包括6个特定实施例。
式Ⅶ化合物可用本领域所熟知的化学方法制备。这些实施例只用以说明,并不限制本发明的范围。
以下的吲哚起始原料(1a、1b和1c)中,(1a)可购买,(1b)根据Bartoli的方法制备[Bartoli,G.等,Tetrahedron Lett.,1989,30,2129]或者(1c)由2-碘代-4,6-二甲基苯胺(5)合成。该过程通过下列图式来说明:
2-碘代-4,6-二甲基苯胺(5)合成按如下来完成:在氩气下,向5(24mmol)、CuI(0.05当量)及(PPh3)2PdCl2(0.05当量)的30ml干燥三乙胺的混悬液中加入三甲基硅烷基乙炔(1.1当量),将产生的混合液搅拌3小时。然后真空下除去溶剂,残留物经快速层析纯化,用己烷/乙酸乙酯(3∶1)作洗脱剂得到定量收率的6”。将6(23mmol)和CuI(2当量)的50ml干燥二甲基甲酰胺的淤浆在通Ar气下,于100℃加热2.5小时。冷却至室温后,过滤反应混合物,固体用乙醚(20ml)冲洗二次。有机相用水洗(3×50ml),用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发溶剂至干。粗品经快速层析纯化,用己烷/乙酸乙酯(3∶1)作洗脱剂得1c(1.5g,45%)。
将对应的色胺盐酸盐(3a)(1g)与对应的二甲氧基四氢萘酮(3b)(1g)的乙醇(10ml)中的混悬液回流128小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤。洗涤固体粗品并干燥。
熔点261℃。
理论值 计算值C 69.25 69.24H 6.82 6.97N 7.02 6.98
实施例2
将对应的色胺盐酸盐(2a)(575mg)与对应的酮(2b)(464mg)的乙醇(10ml)中的混悬液回流128小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤。将固体粗品洗涤并干燥。
得到:525mg
理论值 计算值C 74.43 74.36H 6.84 6.84N 8.27 8.25MS:301
将对应的色胺盐酸盐(2a)(500mg)与对应的酮(2b)(396mg)的乙醇(10ml)中的混悬液回流72小时。然后将反应混合液冷却至约0℃,过滤。将固体粗品洗涤并干燥。
得到:262mg
MS:274。
将对应的色胺盐酸盐(4a)(500mg)与对应的酮(4b)(396mg)的乙醇(10ml)中的混悬液回流72小时。然后将反应混合液冷却至约0℃达约24小时,过滤。将粗品固体洗涤并干燥。
进行质谱分析,得MI为274。
得到:630mg
理论值 计算值C 73.95 73.32H 6.52 6.73N 8.62 8.59MS:288
将对应的色胺盐酸盐(4a)(1g)与对应的酮(4b)(800mg)的乙醇(10ml)
其中
Q为氢或(CHR2)R4;
R1为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R2为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R3为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R4为C5-C8环烷基、取代的C5-C8环烷基、C5-C8环烯基、取代的C5-C8环烯基、双环或取代的双环;
其中,
R6和R7独立为氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、卤代、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C2-C6)链烯基、COR5、C1-C10链烷酰基、CO2R5、(C1-C6烷基)m氨基、NO2、-SR5或OR5;
m为1或2;
R5独立为氢或C1-C4烷基;
R5为C1-C4烷基;
R8独立选自R6基团、取代的C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8环烷基-(C1-C3)烷基、C5-C8环烯基、取代的C5-C8环烯基、C5-C8环烯基-(C1-C3)烷基、C7-C16芳基烷基;或
R6和R7一起与基团A的碳原子形成一个5-8元碳环。
式Ⅰ化合物的实例包括(但不限于此):8-甲基-1[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;8-溴-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6,8-二溴-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;6-甲基-8-溴-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;8-甲氧基-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;6,8-二氟-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]哚;7-甲基-8-溴-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;5-氟-6-甲基-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;7,8,9,10-四氢-10-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1H-苯并[g]吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;6-环己基-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;5,8-二甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-(1-甲基乙基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚;6,8-二甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚盐酸盐;5,7-二甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚盐酸盐;6,7-二甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚;6-乙基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚;6-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚;7,8-二甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9H-吡啶并[3,4b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(2,3,4-三甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(2,5-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(2,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-(1-甲基乙基)-1-[(2,3,4-三甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基-5-硝基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(3-碘代-4,5-二甲氧基-苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;6-甲基-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基-5-氨基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚二盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(3-甲氧基-4-丙氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;6-甲基-1-[(4-二甲氨基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚二盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(4-二丁氨基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚二盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(3,4-二甲基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(2-氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(2-氯-3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;5-氟-6-甲基-1-[(2-氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-(环己基甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-比啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐;6-甲基-1-[(2-溴-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[2,4-b]吲哚;及6-碘代-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐。
实施例7
将2-氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛(10.45g)、N-乙酰基甘氨酸(11.9g,0.1 0mol)及乙酸钠(8.4g,0.1mol)的醋酐(100ml)溶液加热至100℃2小时。将反应混合液冷却到室温,搅拌下倒入冰(300ml)中。过滤分离产物,用水(3×50ml)及乙醚(3×50ml)洗涤,减压干燥得5.26g。
将上面制备的氮杂内酯(1.34g,4.76mmol)及5-甲基色胺盐酸盐(1.0g,4.75mmol)的1N HCl(30ml)中的混悬液在通氮气下加热回流24小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤分得粗品产物。将固体用乙醇研磨,用乙醚洗涤。过滤分得产物(1.19g)。m/e=370,mp 244℃(分解)。分析 计算值 实测值C 61.92 61.67H 5.94 5.94N 6.88 6.94
实施例8
6-甲基-1-[(2-溴-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚的制备
实施例8按实施例7中所述的相同方法制备,有下列例外:用2-溴-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛代替2-氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛作为起始原料。生成的终产物的收率为79.2%。M/I 416,414;mp272-4℃。分析 计算值 实测值C 55.83 55.57H 5.35 5.36N 6.20 6.09
实施例9
6-碘代-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐的制备
实施例9按实施例7中说明的相同方法制备,有下列例外:用3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛代替2-氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛,用5-碘代-色胺代替5-甲基色胺作为起始原料。反应完成后,将反应混合液用碳酸钾水溶液中和,用氯仿提取。将合并的氯仿层用无水碳酸钠干燥,减压浓缩。产物经硅胶层析纯化,用2%的甲醇的氯仿液洗脱。收集含有产物的部分,浓缩。将残留物溶于乙醚中,用HCl气体处理。将得到的HCl盐过滤分离,减压干燥。得到的终产物收率为31.3%;M/I 448;mp272-3℃。分析 计算值 实测值C 49.55 49.62H 4.57 4.51N 5.78 5.66
被确信为有效的5-HT2受体拮抗剂的化合物的生物效能首先通过应用能快速及准确测定待测化合物与5-HT2受体结合的初筛实验来证实。一旦待测化合物结合,在受体上待测化合物的体外活性即显出。用于评估5-HT2拮抗剂的测试试验对本领域的技术熟练人员是熟知的。5-HT2B受体结合活性化合物结合5-HT2B受体的能力用下面列出的标准方法测定。测试方法
本发明的某些化合物及中间体用于调节5-HT2B受体。主要用于结合5-HT2B受体的化合物可用下列方法证明。另外,以下提供用以说明5-HT2B活性的体外模型。5-HT2B的放射配体结合研究
从转化的细胞中制备膜:
将表达克隆大鼠的5-HT2B受体的悬浮细胞通过在4℃下,以2200xg离心15分钟收集[J.Kursar等,Mol.Pharmacol.42:549-557(1992)]。用于结合测试的膜通过在50mM Tris HCl,pH 7.4中旋转该粒状沉淀物而得(0.5×109细胞/30ml)。然后将该组织悬浮物以3,9800xg转速,在4℃下离心10分钟。将该步骤总共重复三次洗涤,在第一和第二次洗涤之间,在37℃下孵育10分钟。将后最的粒状沉淀物在67mM Tris-HCl,pH7.4(以20-40及12.5×106细胞/ml,最初细胞数,分别用于表达低及相对高水平的5-HT2B受体的细胞)中用Tissumizer(Tekmar,Cincinnati,OH),设定65下均化15秒。
[3H]5-HT结合研究:用Biomek 1000(Beckman Instruments,Fullerton,CA)使结合测试自动进行,该试验在0.8ml总体积下一式三份进行。将膜悬浮液200μl(0.04-0.27mg蛋白质)及200ml药物的水稀释液加入到400μl含有[3H]5-HT、优降宁、CaCl2及L-抗坏血酸的67mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.4)中。优降宁、CaCl2及L-抗坏血酸的最后浓度分别是10μM、3mM和0.1%。将试管在37℃下孵育15分钟或在0℃下孵育2小时(两个条件都用来证实结合平衡),然后通过预先浸于0.5%聚乙烯亚胺及用冰冷的50mM Tris-HCl,pH7.4预冷却的Whatman GF/B滤器,用Brandel细胞收集器(Model MB-48R;Brandel,Gaithersburg,MD)迅速过滤。然后用1ml冰冷的50mMTris-HCl,pH 7.4迅速洗涤滤器4次。在滤器上截留的[3H]5-HT的量通过液相闪烁光谱法测定(Ready Protein and Beckman LS 6000 IC,BeckmanInstruments,Fullerton,CA)。对于饱和实验,实际的游离放射配体浓度通过对其中结合的放射活性已通过离心分离的平行的饱和实验的上清液取样测试而得。将用于饱和实验的浓度范围0.02-5nM及0.6-63nM的[3H]5-HT分别在0℃及37℃下孵育。5-HT,10μM或1-萘基哌嗪(1-NP),10μM确定为非特异性结合。对于竞争性实验而言,要用6-12个浓度的待测药物,跨越6个log单位,[3H]5-HT的最后浓度为2nM。蛋白质通过Bradford的方法,用牛的血清白蛋白为标准品来测定[M.M.Bradford,Anal.Biochem.,72:248-254(1976)]。统计分析:
其中结合=[3H]5-HT特异结合的量,Bmax=高亲合力结合位点的最大数目,Bmax2=低亲合力结合位点的最大数目,Kd1=高亲合力位点的平衡离解常数,Kd2=低亲合力位点的平衡离解常数,[L]=游离的[3H]5-HT浓度。竞争测试中IC50值、IP3标准曲线的结合参数以及IP3测试中EC50和Emax值通过四参数逻辑方程的非线性回归分析确定[(Systat,Systat Inc.Evanston.IL)。A.De Lean.等,Mol.Pharmacol.,21:5-16(1981)]。用Cheng-Prusoff方程将IC50等值转换成Ki值[Y.Cheng等,Biochem.Pharmacol.,22:3099-3108(1973)]。体外5-HT2B测试方法:
将雄性Wistar鼠(150-375g;Laboratory Supply,Indianapolis,IN)通过颈部离位处死,制备胃底的纵向截面供体内试验。由一个鼠的胃底得四份制备物。按Hooker说明的方法制备取出的颈静脉的环状制备物[Blood Vessels.14:1(1977)及M.L.Cohen,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.227:327(1983)。将组织固定于器官浴中,其中含有10ml改进的下列成分的Krebs溶液(毫摩尔浓度):NaCl,118.2,KCl4.6;CaCl2.H2O,1.6;KH2PO4,1.2;MgSO4,1.2;葡萄糖,10.0及NaHCO3,24.8。将组织浴液保持在37℃,用95%O2和5%CO2均衡。将组织置于最适静止力(4g)之下,然后平衡约1小时,再接触待测化合物。在具有Statham UC-3转换器的Beckman倍增描记器上记录等长收缩的力的克数的变化。表观拮抗剂离解常数的测定:
胃底中非累积可缩浓度-血清素响应曲线以及颈静脉中累积浓度响应曲线通过每15-20分钟洗掉在先的浓度之后浓度的逐步增加而获得。测定与组织接触约2分钟时每种兴奋剂的保留的浓度以及对每种化合物浓度的最大响应。ED50值为产生最大收缩的一半的激动剂的浓度。在获得控制响应之后,将组织与适当浓度的缓冲液或拮抗剂孵育1小时。然后在一拮抗剂存在下重复对血清素的响应。浓度响应每一组织只利用一种激动剂和一种拮抗剂浓度。一般地说,在缓冲液处理存在下连续的激动剂响应是不被改变的(平均剂量比率为1.28+/-0.21)。
根据下列方程测定每个拮抗剂浓度的表观拮抗剂离解常数(KB):
KB=[B]/(剂量比率-1)
其中[B]为拮抗剂的浓度而剂量比率为在拮抗剂存在下激动剂的ED50被对照的ED50除。一般地说,浓度-响应曲线中平行移动出现在拮抗剂存在下。以KB的负对数值(例如,-logKB)表示结果。用已知的方法进行计算[B.R.Zaborowsky,J.Pharmacol.Methods,4:4165(1980)]。5-HT2B转化细胞中IP3的形成
IP3的形成及提取:将悬浮液中生长的Abook-2-3-MTX细胞通过以200xg转速的离心作用收集,再将其悬浮在无蛋白质的细胞孵育基介质中。将该细胞(2.5-3×106细胞/管125μl中)在37℃下孵育10分钟后,加入125μl稀释于无蛋白质介质中的所研究的化合物。所有孵育一式三份进行。当用拮抗剂抑制5-HT的效用时,在加入5-HT之前,将细胞与该拮抗剂一起在37℃下孵育10分钟。加入激动剂后,旋转细胞悬浮液,在37℃下再孵育10秒(该10秒包括旋转时间)。然后加入250μl冰冷的10%高氯酸终止反应。将试管在冰上孵育10分钟,再以1500xg转速离心10分钟。离心后,取400μl的上清液样本。从已发表的方法中改进下列IP3提取的方法(E.S.Sharps等,高效液相色谱法测定孵育细胞中结合入磷酸化代谢物持的32P,Anal.Biochem.124:421-424(1982)及K.A.Wreggett等,磷酸肌醇酯及其异构体的Rapic分离法,Biochem.J.,245:655-660(1987))。将400μl样本加入到含有100μl 10mM EDTA,pH 9.0的1.5ml microfuge管中。再加入500μl1,1,2-三氯三氟乙烷/三正辛胺(1∶1,v/v)。将该管剧烈旋转5-7分钟,然后以1500xg转速离心2分钟以分成三层。取最上部的水层100μl为样本,按以下说明的方法测定IP3含量。
IP3结合测试:用大鼠小脑膜作为结合测试中IP3-结合蛋白质的来源,该测试由已发表的方法改进(P.F.Worley等,脑中三磷酸肌醇酯受体结合的鉴定,J.Biol.Chem.,262:12132-12136(1987)及D.S.Bredt等,生物组织中1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇酯的简便、灵敏及专一的放射性受体测试试验,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,159:976-982(1989))。膜是通过将在30体积均化缓冲液(在50mM Tris·HCl,pH7.7中的1mMEDTA和1mM 2-巯基乙醇)中,用Tissumizer(Tekmar)以65设置,均化鼠小脑15秒而制成。将均化物在4℃下以39800xg转速离心10分钟。将该步骤再重复三次以上,一共四次洗涤。将最后的粒状沉淀物悬浮于30体积的IP3结合缓冲液(在64.3mM Tris·HCl,pH 9.0中的1mMEDTA和1mM 2-巯基乙醇)中,然后于-70℃下冷冻,待用。
将结合缓冲液(350μl,含[3H]IP3)及50μl结合蛋白质均浆加入到100μl已经过以上所述提取过程的提取的IP3样本液或已知的IP3标准液中。[3H]IP3的最后浓度为1nM。将此管在0℃下孵育15分钟,然后用Brandel细胞收集器通过Whatman GF/B滤器过滤[滤器用水先润湿,再用2ml冰冷的IP3洗涤缓冲液(1mM EDTA于50mM Tris·HCl,pH 9.0中)预冷)]。然后将滤器用1ml冰冷的IP3洗涤缓冲液快速洗涤二次。截留在滤器上[3H]IP3的量通过液体闪烁计数器测定。样本中IP3的量通过与标准曲线对比确定。
当表达5-HT2B受体的细胞在加入5-HT之前与米安舍林、二甲麦角新碱、rauwolscine或l-NP预孵育时,5-HT曲线向右移而Emax值相对于5-HT本身降低。5-HT2A与5-HT2C受体结合活性
化合物结合5-HT2A或5-HT2C受体的能力用以下所列的标准方法来测定。测试方法
从转化的细胞系得膜制品。使用与人-5-HT2A与5-HT2C受体稳定转化的AV12细胞(Syrian hamster fibroblast,ATCC no.CRL 9595)来制备膜(Wainscott等,新克隆大鼠5-羟色胺2F受体的药理特性,Mol.Pharmacol.,48:419-426(1993))。简单地说,表达有关受体的细胞在悬浮液中生长且通过离心收集。再将细胞悬浮于最小体积的低渗缓冲液50mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4中,再在-70℃下冷冻,备用。在测试当天,将所述悬浮液解冻,用50mM Tris-HCl稀释至35ml/0.5×102细胞(原始细胞数),再在4℃下以39800xg转速离心。将得到的粒状沉淀物通过旋转再悬浮,再在37℃下孵育10分钟,然后在4℃下以39800xg转速离心。将粒状沉淀物再进行一次悬浮及离心。为得到均化的膜悬浮液,用Tissumizer(Tekmar,Cincinnati,OH)在设置75下,将最终的粒状沉淀物在67mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4中再悬浮10-15秒钟,以作为表达人或大鼠的5-HT2A受体的细胞,或在含有13mM MgCl2及0.67mMEDTA的67mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4中再悬浮10-15秒钟,以作为表达人的5-HT2C受体的细胞。
5-HT2A,2C[125I]DOI结合研究:人的5-HT2A或5-HT2C结合研究基本上按[3H]5-HT结合5-HT2B受体中说明的方法,带有下列例外来进行。在最后浓度中,测试缓冲液含有10mM巴吉林、9.75mM MgCl2、0.5mM EDTA、0.1%抗坏血酸钠及50mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4。分别与约40及30mg的5-HT2A及5-HT2C受体蛋白质在37℃下孵育30分钟,然后通过在0.5%(w/v)聚乙烯亚胺中预浸及用4ml冰泠的洗涤缓冲液预冷的Whatman GF/C滤器过滤。然后用1ml冰冷的洗涤缓冲液快速洗涤滤器4次。用伽马计数器测定截留在滤器上的[125I]DOI的量。测定用10mM米安舍林对5-HT2C及1mM酮舍林对5-HT2A受体的非特异性结合。[125I]DOI的最后浓度对竞争试验来说约为0.07-0.15mM。
统计分析:饱和及竞争曲线的非线性回归分析按前面提到的方法进行(Wainscott等,新克隆大鼠5-羟色胺2F受体的药理特性,Mol.Pharmacol.,48:419-426(1993))。在pK1值(即logK,molar)上进行单向方差分析,接着进行Tukay-kramer简单显著性差异检验(JMP;SASInstitute Inc.,Cary,Nc)。用Cheng-Prusoff(1973)方程将竞争曲线的IC50值转化成Kd值。对[125I]DOI标记的受体而言,5-HT2A或5-HT2C受体[125I]DOI的Kd值用重排Cheng-Prusoff方程来测定:Kd=IC50-[L],其中IC50为引起50%特异[125I]DOI结合抑制的未标记DOI的浓度,[I]=[125I]DOI的游离浓度。
5-HT2A及5-HT2C转化的细胞中IP3形成
5-HT2A及5-HT2C转化的细胞中IP3形成测试按5-HT2B转化细胞中IP3形成相同的方法进行,其例外为对于5-HT2C用人的AHSlC-3S细胞而对于5-HT2A用人的Hu2-3S细胞。
建议用下列实验检测用于治疗或改善毒性叮咬或叮刺症状的5-HT2拮抗剂的效用。实验#1
在实验前16-24小时,将重250-400g的雄性Wistar鼠的背部用电剪刀剃光。在实验当天,用甲氧氟烷(Metofane)通过吸入将鼠麻醉。将体积为0.05ml的三种浓度的血清素用26号的皮下针真皮下注射。另外,给每个动物真皮下注射0.05ml盐水来表明由于注射出现的血管渗漏的量。在真皮下注射血清素之前15分钟,腹膜内给予:样品1(6-甲基-1-[(2-氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐)、样品2(螺-9,9[2-(3,4-二甲氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基]-5-甲基-1,2,3,9-四氢-8H-吡啶并吲哚)、样品3(6-甲基-1-[(2-溴-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-甲基]-,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚)及样品4(6-碘代-1-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-甲基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚盐酸盐)。真皮下注射血清素之前2分钟,静脉注射Evans蓝染料(35mg/kg)。为得到最大响应,在真皮下注射血清素30分钟之后,通过颈部离位处死动物。反映的皮肤于背上,割去每块注射部位(约1-1.5cm直径)。也从未受影响的背部皮肤上取一片皮肤。
将每片皮肤称重,放入1ml 1.0N KOH中,在37℃下孵育16-20小时。在加入3.3ml丙酮及0.7ml 1.2N H3PO4之后,将混合液旋转,然后离心(400xg,25min)。倾出上清液,其光密度用Bausch及LombSpectronic 710分光光度计在620nm处读出。用三份已知浓度的Evans蓝染料的光密度建立标准曲线,从中确定未知样品的Evans蓝染料的浓度。由于任何一块皮肤上的总染料为血管内及血管外染料的总和,我们通过测定未受影响的一片皮肤上每毫克皮肤中染料的微克数,按单位重量计算,再减去其它每片皮肤的量来修正血管内染料的量。
用方差分析来进行统计分析,接着进行Dunnett的检验以比较均值。当p<0.05时,认为有统计学意义。结果
血清素在真皮下给药时能使皮肤的染料外渗增加。当用真皮下注射血清素激发前15分钟给药时,样品1-4(0.1及1.0mg/kg,i.p.)的剂量依赖性地抑制血清素诱导的皮肤血管渗透性的增加。实验#2
在实验前16-24小时,将重250-400g雄性Wistar鼠的背部用电剪刀剃光。在实验当天,用甲氧氟烷通过吸入将鼠麻醉。将体积为0.05ml的三个浓度的蜜蜂毒素(天然悬浮液,Sigma#V 3250)用26号皮下针真皮下注射。另外,给每个动物真皮下注射0.05ml盐水来标明由于注射出现的血管渗漏的量。真皮下注射蜜蜂毒素之前2分钟,静脉注射Evans蓝染料(35mg/kg)。为得到最大响应,在真皮下注射蜜蜂毒素30分钟之后颈部离位处死动物。反映皮肤于背上,割去每块注射部位(约1-1.5cm直径)。也从未受影响的背部皮肤上取一片皮肤。
将每片皮肤称重,放入1ml 1.0NKOH中,在37℃下孵育16-20小时。在加入3.3ml丙酮及0.7ml 1.2N H3PO4之后,将混合液旋转,然后离心(400xg,25min)。倾出上清液,其光密度用Bausch及LombSpectronic 710分光光度计在620nm处读出。用三份已知浓度的Evans蓝染料的光密度建立标准曲线,从中确立未知样品的Evans蓝染料的浓度。由于任何一块皮肤上的总染料为血管内及血管外染料的总和,我们通过测定未受影响的一片皮肤上每毫克皮肤中染料的微克数,按单位重量计算,再减去其它每片的量来修正血管内染料的量。
用方差分析进行统计分析,接着进行Dunnett的检验以便比较均值。当p<0.05时,认为有统计学意义。结果
蜜蜂毒素在皮下给药时能使皮肤的染料外渗增加。实验#3
在实验前16-24小时,将重250-400g雄性Wistar鼠的背部用电剪刀剃光。在实验当天,用甲氧氟烷通过吸入将鼠麻醉。将体积为0.05ml的三个浓度的蜜蜂毒素(天然悬浮液,Sigma#V 3250)用26号皮下针真皮下注射。另外,给每个动物真皮下注射0.05ml盐水来表明由于注射出现的血管渗漏的量。在真皮下注射蜜蜂毒素前15分钟,腹膜内注射样品1-4。真皮下注射蜜蜂毒素之前2分钟,静脉注射Evans蓝染料(35mg/kg)。为得到最大响应,在真皮下注射蜜蜂毒素30分钟之后颈部离位处死动物。反映皮肤于背上,割去每块注射部位(约1-1.5cm直径)。也从未受影响的背部皮肤上取一片皮肤。
将每片皮肤称重,放入1ml 1.0N KOH中,在37℃下孵育16-20小时。在加入3.3ml丙酮及0.7ml 1.2N H3PO4之后,将混合液旋转,然后离心(400xg,25分钟)。倾出上清液,其光密度用Bausch及LombSpectromic 710分光光度计在620nm处读出。用三份已知浓度的Evans蓝染料的光密度建立标准曲线,从中确立未知样品的Evans蓝染料的浓度。由于任何一块皮肤上的总染料为血管内及血管外染料的总和,我们通过测定未受影响的一片皮肤上每毫克皮肤中染料的微克数,按单位重量计算,再减去其它每片的量来修正血管内染料的量。结果
蜜蜂毒素在皮下给药时能使皮肤的染料外渗增加。当皮下注射血清素激发前15分钟给药时,样品1-4(0.1及1.0mg/kg i.p)剂量依赖性地抑制蜜蜂毒素诱导的皮肤血管渗透性的增加。
尽管可能将用在本发明方法中的化合物不经任何制剂形式直接给药,但通常该化合物以含有药学上可接受的赋形剂及至少一种活性组分(本发明的化合物)的药用组合物形式给药。这些组合物含有约0.1-90.0%(重量)的本发明化合物。这些组合物可通过多种途径给药,包括口服、直肠、局部、透皮、皮下、静脉内、肌内及鼻腔内给药。许多用于本发明方法中的化合物作为注射、口服及局部的组合物都有效。这些组合物以制药领域熟知的方法制备,含有至少一种活性化合物[见如REMINGTON’S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,(16版,1980)]。
在制备本发明所用的组合物中,通常将活性成分与一赋形剂混合、用一种赋形剂稀释或者在一种以胶囊、香囊、纸或其它容器形式的载体中包封。当所述赋形剂被用作稀释剂时,它可为固体、半固体或液体物质,其作用为活性成分的溶媒、载体或介质。因此,该组合物可为片剂、小丸、粉末、锭剂、香囊、扁胶囊剂、酏剂、悬浮液、乳剂、溶液、糖浆、气溶胶(以固体或于液体介质中)、含有如达10%(重量)的活性化合物的软膏、软或硬明胶胶囊、栓剂、无菌注射溶液和无菌包装粉末。
在制备制剂中,有必要在与其它成分混合前将活性化合物研磨以提供适当的粒度。如果活性化合物基本上是不溶的,通常将其研磨成粒度小于200目。如果活性化合物基本上是水溶性的,一般通过研磨调节粒度,以提供制剂中基本均匀的分布,如约40目。
一些适当的载体、赋形剂及稀释剂的实例包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露糖醇、淀粉、阿拉伯树胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、黄蓍胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、黄蓍胶、明胶、水、糖浆及甲基纤维素。这些制剂另外可包括:润滑剂如滑石粉、硬脂酸镁和矿物油;润湿剂;乳化剂和悬浮剂;防腐剂如羟基苯甲酸甲酯和丙酯;甜味剂及香味剂。通过应用本领域中熟知的方法,可以配制本发明的组合物,以便在给药后速释、持续释放或缓释活性成分。
可用已知的透皮传递系统和赋形剂将本发明的化合物透皮传递。最优选将本发明的化合物与渗透增强剂混合,该渗透增强剂包括(但不限于此):丙二醇、聚乙二醇单月桂酸酯及氮杂环烷-2-酮,并掺入贴剂或类似传递系统中。可将包括胶凝剂、乳化剂及缓冲剂的另外的赋形剂加入到所述的透皮制剂中。
对于局部给药来说,为形成粘性液或乳状制剂,一般将本发明的化合物与各种赋形剂充分混合。
对口服给药来说,一般将本发明的化合物与载体及稀释剂充分混合,再压制成片剂或用明胶胶囊包封。
优选将所述组合物制成含有约0.05-约100mg,更通常为约1.0-约30mg活性成分的单位剂量形式。术语“单位剂量形式”指适于以单位的剂量给予患者或其它哺乳动物的物理上独立的单位,每个单位含有计算能产生所要求的药理效应的预定量的活性物及适当的药用赋形剂。
一般活性化合物在一很宽的剂量范围内是有效的。例如,一般每目的剂量在每公斤体重约0.01-约30mg的范围内。在成年人的治疗中,单剂量或分剂量的特别优选范围为0.1-约15mg/kg/天。但是,应理解实际给药剂量将由主治医师根据有关情况而定,包括治疗的症状、所选的给药途径、实际给药的化合物、个别患者的年龄、体重及反应以及患者症状的严重性,因此以上的剂量范围并不在任何方面限制本发明的范围。在某些情况下,低于上面所说的范围的下限的剂量水平更为适合,而在其它一些情况下,可应用在不引起任何有毒副作用下更大的剂量,条件是将这些较大的剂量首先分成几个较小剂量在一天内给药。
为了更充分说明本发明的操作,提供下列制剂的实施例。这些实施例只用于说明,并不限制本发明的范围。这些制剂可利用作为活性成分(化合物)的本发明的任何化合物。
制剂制备1制备含有下列组分的硬明胶胶囊:
组分 用量
(mg/胶囊)
活性组分 100.0
淀粉 235.0
硬脂酸镁 5.0将以上组分混合,再以340mg量装入硬明胶胶囊中。
制剂制备2用下列组分制备片剂:
组分 用量
(mg/片)
活性组分 100.0
吲微晶纤维素 125.0
胶态二氧化硅 10.0
硬脂酸 5.0将各组分混合,再压制成片,每片重240mg。
制剂制备3制备含下列组分的干粉吸入剂:
组分 重量%
活性组分 5
乳糖 95将活性混合物与乳糖混合,再将混合物加入到干粉吸入装置中。
制剂制备4每片含30mg活性组分的片剂按如下制备:
组分 用量
(mg/片)
活性组分 30.0mg
淀粉 45.0mg
微晶纤维素 35.0mg
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 4.0mg
(为10%的水溶液)
羧甲基淀粉钠 4.5mg
硬脂酸镁 0.5mg
滑石粉 1.0mg
总计 120.mg
将活性组分、淀粉及纤维素通过20目美国筛,再彻底混合。将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液与上面得到的粉末混合,然后过16目美国筛。将所得颗粒在50-60℃下干燥,再通过16目美国筛。然后将预先通过30目美国筛的羧甲基淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁及滑石粉加入到该颗粒中,搅拌后,在压片机上压制得每片重120mg的片剂。
制剂制备5每粒含40mg药物的胶囊按如下制备:
组分 用量
(mg/胶囊)
活性组分 40.0mg
淀粉 109.0mg
硬脂酸镁 1.0mg
总计 150.0mg
将活性组分、纤维素、淀粉及硬脂酸镁混合,过20目美国筛,再以150mg量装入硬明胶胶囊中。
制剂制备6每粒含25mg活性组分的栓剂按如下制备:
组分 用量
活性组分 25mg
饱和脂肪酸甘油酯 至2000mg
使活性组分过60目美国筛,再将其混悬于预先用所需最少的热量熔化的饱和脂肪酸甘油酯中。然后将混合液倒入公称2.0g容量的栓剂模中,冷却。
制剂制备7每5ml剂量含有50mg药物的混悬液按如下制备:
组分 用量
活性组分 50.0mg
合成生物聚合胶 4.0mg
羧甲基纤维素钠(11%)
微晶纤维素(89%) 50.0mg
蔗糖 1.75g
苯甲酸钠 10.0mg
调味剂及着色剂 适量
纯水 至5.0ml
将药物、蔗糖及合成生物聚合胶混合,过10目美国筛,然后与预先制得的微晶纤维素及羧甲基纤维素钠的水溶液混合。将苯甲酸钠、调味剂及着色剂用部分水稀释并在搅拌下加入。然后加入足量的水以达到所要求的体积。
制剂制备8每粒含有15mg药物的胶囊按如下制备:
组分 用量
(mg/胶囊)
活性组分 15.0mg
淀粉 407.0mg
硬脂酸镁 3.0mg
总计 425.0mg将活性组分、纤维素、淀粉及硬脂酸镁混合,过20目美国筛,再以425mg量装入硬明胶胶囊。
制剂制备9静脉注射剂可按如下制备:
组分 用量
活性组分 250.0mg
等渗盐水 1000ml
制剂制备10局部制剂按如下制备:
组分 用量
活性组分 1-10g
乳化蜡 30g
液体石蜡 20g
白色软石蜡 至100g
将白色软石蜡加热至熔化。将该液体石蜡与乳化蜡混合,搅拌至溶解。加入活性组分,继续搅拌至分散。然后冷却该混合物成固体。
制剂制备11每片含10mg活性组分的舌下及口腔片剂可按如下制备:
组分 每片用量
活性组分 10.0mg
甘油 210.5mg
水 143.0mg
柠檬酸钠 4.5mg
聚乙烯醇 26.5mg
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 15.5mg
总计 410.0mg
将甘油、水、柠檬酸钠、聚乙烯醇及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在持续搅拌且保持温度约90℃下一起混合。当聚合物进入溶液后,将溶液冷却至约50-55℃,再慢慢混入药物。将此均相混合液倒入由惰性材料制成的结构中,得到含药物具有约2-4mm厚度的扩散基质。然后将该扩散基质切成具有适当大小的单片。
另一优选用于本发明方法中的制剂应用透皮传递装置(“贴剂”)。可用这些透皮贴来提供以控制剂量的持续或间断的本发明化合物的输注。这些用于传递药剂的透皮贴的制造及使用在本领域内是熟知的(见如美国专利第5023252号,1991年6月11日授权,在此结合到本发明中作为参考)。可将这些贴制成供持续、间断或按要求传递给药的形式。
一般为优选的间接技术通常包括通过将亲水性药物转化成脂溶性药物或前药来配制可提供药物潜伏作用(latentiation)的所述组合物。潜伏作用一般通过将药物上呈现的羟基、羰基、磺酸酯基及伯胺基封闭,以使药物脂溶性增加而更易透过血脑屏障来达到。另外,亲水性药物的传递可通过能瞬时打开血脑屏障的高渗溶液的动脉内输注而增强。
使用本发明方法中所用的化合物的给药的制剂类型可由所用的具体化合物、给药途径及化合物所要求的药物动力学分布的类型以及患者的状况来决定。
Claims (12)
1.一种或多种具有作为5-HT受体拮抗剂活性的化合物或组合物在制备用于治疗或缓解哺乳动物体上毒性叮咬或叮刺症状的药物中的用途。
2.一种或多种具有作为5-HT2受体拮抗剂活性的化合物或组合物在制备用于治疗或缓解哺乳动物体上毒性叮咬或叮刺症状的药物中的用途。
3.按权利要求2中要求的用途,其中使用一种具有作为5-HT2受体拮抗剂活性的化合物或组合物。
4.按权利要求3中要求的用途,其中所述5-HT2受体拮抗剂为5-HT2A、5-HTB或5-HTC受体拮抗剂。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中所述5-HT2受体拮抗剂为受体亚型5-HT2A和5-HT2B、5-HT2A和5-HT2C、5-HT2B和5-HT2C或5-HT2A、5-HT2B和5-HT2C的5-HT2受体拮抗剂。
6.按权利要求2中要求的用途,其中使用一种以上的具有作为5-HT2受体拮抗剂活性的化合物或组合物。
7.按权利要求6中要求的用途,其中每个5-HT2受体拮抗剂是不同受体亚型的受体拮抗剂。
8.按权利要求6中要求的用途,其中每个5-HT2受体拮抗剂为对多个受体亚型具有亲合力的受体拮抗剂。
9.按权利要求6中要求的用途,其中所述5-HT2受体拮抗剂为对单个受体亚型具有亲合力的受体拮抗剂及对多个受体亚型具有亲合力的受体拮抗剂的混合物。
R1为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R3为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R6选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、卤代、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C2-C6)链烯基、COR5、C1-C10链烷酰基、CO2R5’、(C1-C6烷基)m氨基、NO2、-SR5和OR5;
R7和R8独立选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、NO2、卤代、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C2-C6)链烯基、COR5、C1-C10链烷酰基、C7-C16芳基烷基、CO2R5、(C1-C6烷基)m氨基、-SR5和OR5;
n为1、2或3;
n’为1、2或3;
m为1或2;
R5独立为氢或C1-C4烷基;
R5’为C1-C4烷基;
…可任选为一个键;及其药学上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,在制备用于治疗或缓解哺乳动物体上毒性叮咬或叮剌症状的药物中的用途。
Q为氢或(CHR2)R4;
R1为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R2为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R3为氢或C1-C3烷基;
R4为C5-C8环烷基、取代的C5-C8环烷基、C5-C8链烯基、取代的C5-C8环烯基、双环或取代的双环;
R6和R7独立为氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、卤代、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C2-C6)链烯基、COR5、C1-C10链烷酰基、CO2R5、(C1-C6烷基)m氨基、NO2、-SR5或OR5;
m为1或2;
R5独立为氢或C1-C4烷基;
R5为C1-C4烷基;
R8独立选自R6基团、取代的C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8环烷基-(C1-C3)烷基、C5-C8环烯基、取代的C5-C8环烯基、C5-C8环烯基-(C1-C3)烷基及C7-C16芳基烷基;或
R6和R7与基团A的碳原子一起形成一个5-8元碳环,或其药学上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物,在制备用于治疗或缓解哺乳动物体上毒性叮咬或叮刺症状的药物中的用途。
12.药用组合物,它含有用于治疗或缓解哺乳动物体上毒性叮咬或叮剌症状的5-HT2受体拮抗剂。
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US1403996P | 1996-03-25 | 1996-03-25 | |
US60/014,039 | 1996-03-25 |
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CN1219104A true CN1219104A (zh) | 1999-06-09 |
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CN97194729A Pending CN1219104A (zh) | 1996-03-25 | 1997-03-17 | 治疗毒性叮咬及叮刺的方法 |
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US (1) | US5886003A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0797994A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2000507559A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1219104A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU711748B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9708351A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2250459A1 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA199800859A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997035479A1 (zh) |
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AU714024B2 (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1999-12-16 | Eli Lilly And Company | Tetrahydrobetacarboline compounds |
GB2326337A (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1998-12-23 | Phares Pharma Holland | Homogeneous lipid compositions for drug delivery |
US6696078B1 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2004-02-24 | Edwin J. Masters | System and methods for local intradermal treatment |
US20080300790A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-04 | James Kirunda Kakaire | Environmental data delivery - edd |
US8696640B2 (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2014-04-15 | Russell Churchill | Snake venom evacuation and medication injection device |
US10232048B1 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2019-03-19 | Divine Api-Logics, LLC | Apitherapy method and composition |
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US4520024A (en) * | 1983-02-11 | 1985-05-28 | Eli Lilly And Company | Method of selectively blocking peripheral vascular serotonergic receptors |
US4563461A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1986-01-07 | Eli Lilly And Company | Selective method for blocking 5HT2 receptors |
US4981859A (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1991-01-01 | Cycloalkylamides of (8 beta )-1-alkyl-6-(substituted)ergolines | |
US4931447A (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1990-06-05 | Eli Lilly And Company | Cycloalkylamides of (8β)-1-alkyl-6-(substituted) ergolines |
US4902691A (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-02-20 | Eli Lilly And Company | Heteroalkylamides of (8-β)-1-alkyl-6-(substituted)ergolines useful for blocking 5HT2 receptors |
ATE135216T1 (de) * | 1989-08-21 | 1996-03-15 | Beth Israel Hospital | Verwendung von spiperone-derivate zur immunosuppression |
US5256533A (en) * | 1990-03-16 | 1993-10-26 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | As a probe of serotonin uptake harmaline |
US5141944A (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1992-08-25 | Eli Lilly And Company | N-(2-hydroxycyclopentyl)-1-isopropyl-6-methylergoline-8-carboxamides |
FR2661177A1 (fr) * | 1990-04-23 | 1991-10-25 | Rhone Poulenc Sante | Derives du naphtosultame antagonistes de la serotonine, leur preparation et les medicaments les contenant. |
JP3357879B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-13 | 2002-12-16 | メレルダウファーマス−ティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | ピペリジニルチア環状誘導体類 |
EP0620222A3 (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 1995-04-12 | Lilly Co Eli | Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. |
EP0749313A4 (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 2001-10-24 | Lilly Co Eli | METHOD OF TREATING CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 5HT 2B RECEPTOR |
US5521183A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1996-05-28 | Allergan | Use of 5-HT ligands as anti-pruritic agents |
US5466688A (en) * | 1994-10-20 | 1995-11-14 | American Home Products Corporation | Pyrido[3,4-B]indole derivatives as serotonergic agents |
AU714024B2 (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1999-12-16 | Eli Lilly And Company | Tetrahydrobetacarboline compounds |
-
1997
- 1997-03-07 US US08/813,131 patent/US5886003A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-17 CA CA002250459A patent/CA2250459A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-17 AU AU24505/97A patent/AU711748B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-17 BR BR9708351A patent/BR9708351A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-03-17 EA EA199800859A patent/EA199800859A1/ru unknown
- 1997-03-17 JP JP9534695A patent/JP2000507559A/ja active Pending
- 1997-03-17 CN CN97194729A patent/CN1219104A/zh active Pending
- 1997-03-17 WO PCT/US1997/005901 patent/WO1997035479A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-03-20 EP EP97301882A patent/EP0797994A3/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2000507559A (ja) | 2000-06-20 |
BR9708351A (pt) | 1999-08-03 |
WO1997035479A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 |
EP0797994A2 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
AU711748B2 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
EA199800859A1 (ru) | 1999-02-25 |
US5886003A (en) | 1999-03-23 |
AU2450597A (en) | 1997-10-17 |
EP0797994A3 (en) | 1998-04-01 |
CA2250459A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 |
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