CN1215084A - A型肉毒结晶毒素的生产工艺及生产该毒素所需的冻干保护液 - Google Patents

A型肉毒结晶毒素的生产工艺及生产该毒素所需的冻干保护液 Download PDF

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CN1215084A
CN1215084A CN97118838A CN97118838A CN1215084A CN 1215084 A CN1215084 A CN 1215084A CN 97118838 A CN97118838 A CN 97118838A CN 97118838 A CN97118838 A CN 97118838A CN 1215084 A CN1215084 A CN 1215084A
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王荫椿
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Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.
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LANZHOU INST OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
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Abstract

本发明涉及微生物毒素,所得制品属新的生物制品,主要用于神经科、眼科等领域的肌张力障碍性疾病如:眼睑痉挛、面肌痉挛、斜视及痉挛性斜颈等的治疗。其工艺为:产毒培养基-产毒培养-除菌过滤-毒素的精制提纯-毒素的稀释、冻干。利用本发明制取的制品具有毒素收获率高、质量好、有效期长、价格低等优点。

Description

A型肉毒结晶毒素的生产工艺及 生产该毒素所需的冻干保护液
本发明涉及微生物毒素,所得制品属新的生物制品,用于神经科、眼科等领域的肌张力障碍性疾病,如:眼睑痉挛、面肌痉挛、斜视及痉挛性斜颈等的治疗。
A型肉毒毒素系A型肉毒梭菌生长繁殖过程中产生的一种毒力极强的神经毒素,它能作用于运动神经末梢神经肌肉接点,抑制突触前膜释放乙酰胆碱,从而引起肌肉松驰性麻痹。这种独特的药理作用,80年代初被美国学者列入临床,对斜视、眼睑痉挛、面肌痉挛及痉挛性斜颈等疾病进行试验性治疗,并取得满意的疗效。1989年12月,美国FOA正式批准A型肉毒毒素(商品名Oculinum)作为新药投产上市。1989年2月,我所研制的“注射用肉毒毒素”被批准进行临床试验,1993年10月由卫生部批准为新药,1997年2月正式转为准字号[(97)卫药准字(兰IS-01号]投产。
目前美国采用:肉毒梭菌全培养酸沉淀--毒素磷酸盐缓冲液提取--低温乙醇沉淀--硫酸铵浓缩及自然结晶等程序制备A型肉毒结晶毒素。以此种方法生产的A型肉毒毒素纯度、质量均较高,但在工艺、消耗、安全、稳定性方面存在一定的问题和局限性,列举如下:
1、产毒培养基成分N-2 Amine(Sheffied).Yeast extract(Oifco)等均系专一厂家生产的干粉成品,价格昂贵。
2、以菌体全培养提纯毒素,易造成实验室环境和设施的芽胞(属二类细菌)污染,存在严重的危险和危害。
3、提纯A型肉毒毒素的步骤之一,低温乙醇沉淀,需特定的低温厂房和设施。另外该工艺的纯毒素收获率较低,仅为17%。
4、产品以人血白蛋白作保护液冷冻干燥毒素,存在血源污染的危险,冻干过程中毒素力(即单位)损失高达50-90%;冻干成品的稳定性差,有效期短。
5、产品价格昂贵(100单位/支的成品、售价275美元)。
本发明的目的是针对上述背景技术的不足及存在的问题和局限性,结合自身的现有条件,设计并建立一种简单、方便易行、安全、保质、保量的A型肉毒结晶毒素的提纯方法、程序和生产工艺。并优选一种用于A型肉毒结晶毒素稀释、冻干的冻干保护液,以避免和克服人血白蛋白作稀释、冻干保护液所致的危险性。
实现本发明目的的具体技术方案如下:
(1)、产毒培养基成份
     酪蛋白胰酶消化液    50%
     酵母透析液          20%
     蒸馏水              30%
     葡萄糖    A、R      1%
其中:酪蛋白胰酶消化液成份
     酪蛋白    C、P      100g
     蒸馏水              1000ml
     胰酶粉(活力单位1:100以上16.8活力单位/lg酪蛋白;
(2)、产毒培养基形成
a、将酪蛋白胰酶消化液与蒸馏水混合,加热50-60℃,用20%氢氧化钠溶液调正PH7.0,煮开后加入酵母透析液,再煮10分钟,用20%氢氧化钠再调PH至7.4;
b、煮沸、滤纸过滤、分装立瓶,于113℃30分钟灭菌备用;
c、另配56%葡萄糖溶液于113℃30分钟灭菌,接种时用。
(3)、产毒培养
将经过适应培养后的A型肉毒梭菌(haLL株)菌种,接种于18.000-36.000ml的产毒培养基中,35℃培养5天。
(4)、除菌过滤
经镜检为纯培养后,用无石棉除菌板或除菌滤膜过滤,得原毒素液,用小白鼠测定毒力,毒力应在106LO50/ml左右。
(5)、毒素的精制提纯
a、酸沉淀:原毒素液加六偏磷酸钠,使最终浓度达0.2%,用3当量盐酸调PH至3.5左右,2-8℃过夜;
b、毒素提取:弃上清,沉淀用蒸馏水洗1次,加适量PH6.0、0.2N磷酸盐缓冲液,分2次溶解、提取,每次置室温1小时,离心后分别取上清液合并之;
c、酶处理及浓缩:提取液按100ug/ml加入核糖核酸酶,35℃温育3小时,加硫酸铵至60%饱和,2-8℃过夜,离心,沉淀用适量PH5.5、0.05N柠檬酸缓冲液溶解后,透析;
d、层析:透析液经OEAE-A50离子交换层析,收集、合并OD260/OD280为0.5-0.6的过柱液;
e、结晶:合并液加硫酸铵至60%饱和,2-8℃过夜。离心,沉淀用适量PH6.8、0.05H磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,再在含0.9H硫酸铵的上述缓冲液中透析,自然形成结晶。亦可重复上述过程,以形成第二次结晶;
(6)、毒素的稀释、冻干
(1)、稀释
a、用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解及透析结晶毒素,除菌过滤后测定毒力;
b、用磷酸盐缓冲液将已知毒力的毒素溶液稀释至适当浓度(105-106LO50/ml);
c、将适量的稀释毒素加入到定量的冻干保护液中,使每毫升冻干保护液中毒素含量在效价要求的范围(50-100LO50/ml);
(2)、分装、冻干
每安瓶定量分装上述含冻干保护液的毒素稀释液1毫升,以蛋白质制品的冻干曲线对其进行冻干。冻干成品应无菌、水分含量不超过3%。
上述A型肉毒结晶毒素生产过程中所需的冻干保护液其成份:
明胶        1%
右旋糖酐    5%
蔗糖        5%
蒸馏水    加至100ml
配制方法:
(1)、按配制量称取明胶,加热溶化后高压(121℃)灭菌30分钟;
(2)、按比例加入右旋糖酐及蔗糖,待全部溶化后,滤球过滤,8P(113℃)消毒30分钟,待用。
本发明的有益效果:
1、毒素收获率由背景技术中的17%提高到33%,从而有效地降低了成本,保持了成品的低价,适合国情和消费水平。
2、质量好对比项目                  美国                     本发明所得制品形态                  单一针状结晶                单一针、棒状结晶纯度             3.0×107LO50(±20%).mgpr    2.5-3.0×107LO50/mgpr※OD260/OD280          <0.6                      ≤0.55
※此数越低毒素越纯
3、冻干保护液的应用,使冻干过程中毒力损失降低至0-26%,并延长了制品的有效期(本发明制品为3年,美国为2年);
4、本发明要求的厂房、设施、设备较简单,毒素提纯可在常温下进行,而且简便易行,重复性好;
5、用除菌毒素进行提纯,比背景技术用菌体全培养提纯更为安全,避免了肉毒梭菌芽胞污染环境的危险;
6、产毒培养可用国产原料、自制,既可减少进口,节约外汇,又可因地制宜,保证供应。

Claims (2)

1、一种A型肉毒结晶毒素的生产工艺,其特征在于:
Ⅰ、产毒培养基成份
    酪蛋白胰酶消化液    50%
    酵母透析液          20%
    蒸馏水              30%
    葡萄糖     A、R     1%
其中:酪蛋白胰酶消化液成份
    酪蛋白     C、P     100g
    蒸馏水              1000ml
    胰酶粉(活力单位1∶100以上)8.8活力单位/1g酪蛋白
Ⅱ、产毒培养基形成
(1)、将酪蛋白胰酶消化液与蒸馏水混合,加热50-60℃,用20%氢氧化钠溶液调正PH7.0,煮开后加入酵母透析液,再煮10分钟,用20%氢氧化钠再调PH至7.4;
(2)、煮沸,滤纸过滤,分装立瓶,于113℃30分钟灭菌备用;
(3)、另配50%葡萄糖溶液于113℃30分钟灭菌,接种时用;
Ⅲ、产毒培养
将经过适应培养后的A型肉毒梭菌(Hall株)菌种,接种于18.000-36.000ml的产毒培养基中,35℃培养5天;
Ⅳ、除菌过滤
经镜检为纯培养后。用无石棉除菌板或除菌滤膜过滤,得原毒素液,用小白鼠测定毒力,毒力应在106LO50/ml左右;
Ⅴ、毒素的精制提纯
(1)、酸沉淀:原毒素液加六偏磷酸钠,使最终浓度达0.2%,用3当量盐酸调PH至3.5左右,2-8℃过夜;
(2)、毒素提取:弃上清,沉淀用蒸馏水洗1次,加适量PH6.0、0.2H磷酸盐缓冲液,分两次溶解、提取,每次置室温1小时,离心后分别取上清液合并之;
(3)、酶处理及浓缩:提取液按100ug/ml加入核糖核酸酶,35℃温育3小时,加硫酸铵至60%饱和,2-8℃过夜,离心,沉淀用适量PH5.5、0.05H柠檬酸缓冲液溶解后,透析;
(4)、层析:透析液经DEAE-A50离子交换层析,收集、合并OD260~OD280为0.5-0.6的过柱液;
(5)、结晶:合并液加硫酸铵至60%饱和,2-8℃过夜,离心,沉淀用适量PH6.8、0.05H磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,再在含0.9H硫酸铵的上述缓冲液中透析,自然形成结晶,亦可重复上述过程,以形成第二次结晶;
Ⅵ、毒素的稀释、冻干
(1)、稀释
a、用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解及透析结晶毒素,除菌过滤后测定毒力;
b、用磷酸盐缓冲液将已知毒力的毒素溶液稀释至适当浓度(105-106LO50/ml);
c、将适量的稀释毒素加入到定量的冻干保护液中,使每毫升冻干保护液中毒素含量在效价要求的范围(50-100LO50/ml);
(2)、分装、冻干
每安瓶定量分装上述含冻干保护液的毒素稀释液1毫升,以蛋白质制品的冻干曲线对其进行冻干,冻干成品应无菌、水份含量不超过3%。
2、一种生产A型肉毒结晶毒素所需的冻干保护液,其特征在于:
(1)、成分
明胶        1%
右旋糖酐    5%
蔗糖        5%
蒸馏水    加至100ml
(2)、配制方法
a、按配制量称取明胶,加热溶化后高压(121℃)灭菌30分钟;
b、按比例加入右旋糖酐及蔗糖,待全部溶化后,滤球过滤,8P(113℃)消毒30分钟,待用。
CN97118838A 1997-10-18 1997-10-18 A型肉毒结晶毒素的生产工艺及生产该毒素所需的冻干保护液 Expired - Lifetime CN1073626C (zh)

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